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Runbeck E, Crescioli S, Karagiannis SN, Papa S. Utilizing Immunocytokines for Cancer Therapy. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:antib10010010. [PMID: 33803078 PMCID: PMC8006145 DOI: 10.3390/antib10010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine therapy for cancer has indicated efficacy in certain diseases but is generally accompanied by severe toxicity. The field of antibody-cytokine fusion proteins (immunocytokines) arose to target these effector molecules to the tumor environment in order to expand the therapeutic window of cytokine therapy. Pre-clinical evidence has shown the increased efficacy and decreased toxicity of various immunocytokines when compared to their cognate unconjugated cytokine. These anti-tumor properties are markedly enhanced when combined with other treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and checkpoint inhibitor antibodies. Clinical trials that have continued to explore the potential of these biologics for cancer therapy have been conducted. This review covers the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence for the application of immunocytokines in immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Runbeck
- ImmunoEngineering Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, King’s College London, London SE19RT, UK;
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (S.C.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (S.C.); (S.N.K.)
| | - Sophie Papa
- ImmunoEngineering Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Studies, King’s College London, London SE19RT, UK;
- Correspondence:
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Zhao H, Dong N, Liu T, Zhang P, Zheng Y, Yang L, Ren X. Clinical Significance of Serum Type III Interferons in Patients with Gastric Cancer. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:155-163. [PMID: 30672717 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III interferon (IFN) is a newly established IFN that shows roles different from those of type I and II IFNs. However, the effect of type III IFN on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC) is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effects of serum IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, and IFN-λ2/3 levels on the survival of patients with GC. LEGENDplex bead-based immunoassays were used to analyze the serum IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, and IFN-λ2/3 levels in patients with GC and healthy volunteers. Flow cytometry was used to test the IFN concentrations. Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with GC had significantly decreased serum IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IFN-λ1 levels, but significantly increased serum IFN-λ2/3 level. Analysis of the serum IFN concentrations and clinical parameters of the patients with GC showed significant correlations of serum IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, and IFN-λ2/3 levels with clinical stages. Serum IFN-λ1 levels significantly correlated with tumor location, histopathology, and lymph node involvement. Serum IFN-λ2/3 levels significantly correlated with lymph node involvement and distant metastasis. In addition, serum IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ levels significantly correlated with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. Serum IFN-β and IFN-γ levels also significantly correlated with Lauren classification. Furthermore, the patients with stage IV GC exhibited significantly lower IFN-λ2/3 levels and higher IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ levels than the patients with stage I-III GC. The univariate analysis revealed that tumor sizes of >5 cm, higher clinical stage, and high IFN-λ2/3 level were significantly associated with poor prognosis. This study shows the relationship between serum IFN level and GC progression. High serum IFN-λ2/3 levels were associated with poor prognosis and could be a novel biomarker for evaluating GC progression and predicting the outcomes of nonmetastatic GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- 1 Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,2 Department of Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,3 Key Laboratories of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,4 Department of Immunology, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,5 Key Laboratories of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Dong
- 1 Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,2 Department of Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,3 Key Laboratories of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,4 Department of Immunology, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,5 Key Laboratories of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Liu
- 1 Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,2 Department of Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,3 Key Laboratories of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,4 Department of Immunology, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,5 Key Laboratories of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- 1 Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,2 Department of Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,3 Key Laboratories of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,4 Department of Immunology, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,5 Key Laboratories of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawen Zheng
- 1 Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,2 Department of Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,3 Key Laboratories of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,4 Department of Immunology, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,5 Key Laboratories of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Yang
- 1 Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,2 Department of Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,3 Key Laboratories of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,4 Department of Immunology, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,5 Key Laboratories of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- 1 Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,2 Department of Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,3 Key Laboratories of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,4 Department of Immunology, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,5 Key Laboratories of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
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Gao D, Zhao J, Li X, Xia Y, Cai Y, Pan J, Zhou H, Fang Y, Zhang S, Wen H. Interferon-λ1 suppresses invasion and enhances autophagy in human osteosarcoma cell. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:14999-15004. [PMID: 26628983 PMCID: PMC4658872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to determine whether type III IFN can modulate the autophagic response in human osteosarcoma cell. METHODS Human osteosarcoma cell were treated with Interferon-λ1. We investigated that Interferon-λ1 could inhibit the invasive ability of osteosarcoma cells by Matrigel invasion assay. Autophagy were assessed by acridine orange staining, MDC staining and Transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS In this study, we found that Interferon-λ1 could inhibit the invasive ability of osteosarcoma cells. Acridine orange staining and MDC staining showed that Interferon-λ1 triggered the accumulation of acidic vesicular and autolysosomes in osteosarcoma cell. The acridine orange osteosarcoma cell ratios were 3.6 ± 0.5%, 4.5 ± 0.8%, and 12.4 ± 1.7% after treatment with 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL Interferon-λ1 for 48 h. Osteosarcoma cell cells treated with 100 ng/mL Interferon-λ1 for 48 h developed autophagy some-like characteristics, including single or double-membrane vacuoles containing intact and degraded cellular debris. CONCLUSIONS Interferon-λ1 could inhibit the invasive ability of osteosarcoma cells. Autophagy can be induced in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with Interferon-λ1 in osteosarcoma cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Anhui Medical University69 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiuyi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Jiwen Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Shouzhu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - He Wen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
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Sun H, Bi L, Zhou J, Zhou D, Liu Y, Jin G, Yan W. Modulation of the function of dendritic cells in adolescents with chronic HBV infection by IFN-λ1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:1743-51. [PMID: 25973063 PMCID: PMC4396338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The exact immunology pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains unclear currently. The dendritic cells (DCs) dysfunction is evident in adolescents with chronic HBV infection in the immune tolerant phase. DCs, as the most efficient professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), possess the strongest antigen presenting the effect in the body and can stimulate the initial T cell activation and proliferation, depending on their stage of maturation. The recently classified type III interferon group, interferon-λ1 (IL-29), interferon-λ2 (IL-28A), and interferon-λ3 (IL-28B) displays immunomodulatory and antiviral activity. In the current study, we describe a way to stimulate the DCs maturation. As a result, IFN-λ1 combined with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) and recombinant human interleukin-4 (rhIL-4) can induce the DCs maturation and promote the costimulatory molecules such as CD80, CD83, CD86 and human leucocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) expression in the immune tolerance and the clearance phases. This study demonstrates that the DCs function is remarkably impaired both in the immune tolerant phase and the immune clearance phase in adolescents with chronic HBV infection compared with healthy youth control. At the same time, this study has developed a theoretical basis for the application of IFN-λ1 breaking immune tolerance and improving the body's immune system to clear HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Lijuan Bi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Junying Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Dongfang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Guohua Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Wenzhao Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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McDougall ARA, Tolcos M, Hooper SB, Cole TJ, Wallace MJ. Trop2: from development to disease. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:99-109. [PMID: 25523132 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trop2 was first discovered as a biomarker of invasive trophoblast cells. Since then most research has focused on its role in tumourigenesis because it is highly expressed in the vast majority of human tumours and animal models of cancer. It is also highly expressed in stem cells and in many organs during development. RESULTS We review the multifaceted role of Trop2 during development and tumourigenesis, including its role in regulating cell proliferation and migration, self-renewal, and maintenance of basement membrane integrity. We discuss the evolution of Trop2 and its related protein Epcam (Trop1), including their distinct roles. Mutation of Trop2 leads to gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy, whereas over-expression of Trop2 in human tumours promotes tumour aggressiveness and increases mortality. Although Trop2 expression is sufficient to promote tumour growth, the surprising discovery that Trop2-null mice have an increased risk of tumour development has highlighted the complexity of Trop2 signaling. Recently, studies have begun to identify the mechanisms underlying TROP2’s functions, including regulated intramembrane proteolysis or specific interactions with integrin b1 and claudin proteins. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the mechanisms underlying TROP2 signaling will clarify its role during development, aid in the development of better cancer treatments and unlock a promising new direction in regenerative medicine.
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Meager A, Heath A, Dilger P, Zoon K, Wadhwa M. Standardization of human IL-29 (IFN-λ1): establishment of a World Health Organization international reference reagent for IL-29 (IFN-λ1). J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 34:876-84. [PMID: 24955567 PMCID: PMC4216994 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human interleukin-29 (IL-29), a helical cytokine with interferon-like activities, is currently being developed as a clinical biotherapeutic to treat chronic hepatitis C infection and some cancers. As such, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized a need for biological standardization of IL-29 and the establishment of an internationally available reference reagent of IL-29. In order to accomplish this, an international collaborative study that evaluates WHO candidate reference reagents of IL-29 was instigated by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) in 2010 and was carried out in the succeeding year. Two preparations of human sequence recombinant IL-29, one expressed in murine NS0 cells and the other in Escherichia coli, were formulated and lyophilized at NIBSC before evaluation in the collaborative study for their suitability to serve as a reference reagent. The preparations were tested by 6 laboratories from 4 countries using in vitro bioassays and also evaluated for thermal stability within the NIBSC laboratory. On the basis of the results of the collaborative study, both preparations, 07/212 (NS0-derived) and 10/176 (E. coli-derived) were judged sufficiently active and stable to serve as a reference reagent. However, since IL-29 produced in E. coli is in development for clinical applications, it was recommended that the preparation coded 10/176 be established as the WHO international reference reagent for human IL-29. This recommendation was accepted, and the IL-29 preparation coded 10/176 was formally established by the WHO ECBS at its meeting in October 2012 as the WHO international reference reagent for IL-29 with an assigned unitage of 5,000 reference units per ampoule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Meager
- Cytokine and Growth Factors Section, Biotherapeutics Group, NIBSC, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Heath
- Biostatistics Section, Technology Development and Infrastructure, NIBSC, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Dilger
- Cytokine and Growth Factors Section, Biotherapeutics Group, NIBSC, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Zoon
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Meenu Wadhwa
- Cytokine and Growth Factors Section, Biotherapeutics Group, NIBSC, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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Cannella F, Scagnolari C, Selvaggi C, Stentella P, Recine N, Antonelli G, Pierangeli A. Interferon lambda 1 expression in cervical cells differs between low-risk and high-risk human papillomavirus-positive women. Med Microbiol Immunol 2014; 203:177-84. [PMID: 24510368 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-014-0330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Persistent infection by high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) types is a prerequisite for progression to cancer. HR-HPVs may lead to a deregulation of innate immunity by interfering with the epithelial type I interferon (IFN) response, whereas very little is known about type III IFNs, a key component of the mucosal antiviral response. This study reports a first attempt to evaluate the activation of type III IFN genes (IFN lambda 1-3), IFN lambda receptor genes (IFN-lambdaR1 and IL10R2), and IFN-induced genes (MxA, ISG15, ISG56) in HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical cells from 154 women attending the gynecological unit of a university hospital in Rome. Despite an increased individual variability, a coordinated expression of several IFN lambda-related genes was observed. Furthermore, IFN lambda 1 and IFN-lambdaR1 genes were expressed at higher levels in cervical cells positive to low-risk (LR) HPV compared to HR-HPV and HPV-negative cells. Consistently, ISG15 expression was significantly higher in LR-HPV-infected women than in the other groups. Moreover, IFN lambda 1 expression decreased significantly with abnormal cytological results. This study is the first to show the activation of a type III IFN response in LR-HPV-positive cervical cells and suggests that the lack of this response in HR-HPV infection may be related to lesion progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Cannella
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, 'Sapienza' University, Viale di Porta, Tiburtina 28, 00185, Rome, Italy
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