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Hariz HB, Lawton RJ, Craggs RJ. Effects of operational parameters on the performance of unialgal Oedogonium sp. filamentous algae nutrient scrubbers under controlled environmental conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116705. [PMID: 36379079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous algae nutrient scrubber (FANS) operating parameters can strongly influence algal biomass productivity and nutrient removal. However, few studies to date have investigated the effects of FANS operating parameters such as initial standing crop, harvesting frequency and influent flow rate on biomass productivity and nutrient removal performance, especially for FANS that cultivate a single species of algae. Therefore, the overall aim of this study was to investigate how operating parameters affect the biomass productivity and nutrient removal performance of Oedogonium sp. - a promising species for unialgal FANS. The initial standing crop had a significant effect on biomass productivity, with productivities being highest (8.6 ± 0.5 g DW biomass m-2day-1) when the initial standing crop was 60-70 g DW m-2. However, the daily nutrient removal rate was highest (0.47 ± 0.06 g N m-2 day-1and 1.24 ± 0.13 g P m-2 day-1) at the highest initial standing crop (100-110 DW m-2). Biomass productivity was highest with a three-day growth period, regardless of size of the initial standing crop. Therefore, a four-day harvesting interval was selected as the optimal harvesting regime to promote exponential growth and high biomass production. Influent flow rate had a significant effect on biomass productivity, which was highest (9.3 ± 1.7 g DW m-2 day-1) for the 1 L min-1 flow rate. This flow rate also gave the highest instantaneous nutrient removal rate (0.05 ± 0.02 g N m-3 and 0.14 ± 0.05 g P m-3). Current results suggest that an optimum initial standing crop of 70-80 g DW m-2, harvesting frequency of four days and influent flow rate of 1 L min-1 (16.7 L min-1 m-1 width) were optimal for Oedogonium sp. cultivated on FANS to maximize their biomass production and nutrient removal under controlled laboratory conditions. These results contribute to understanding the impacts of operating parameters on optimizing unialgal Oedogonium sp. FANS biomass production and nutrient removal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harizah B Hariz
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA), Hamilton, New Zealand; School of Science, University of Waikato, New Zealand.
| | - Rebecca J Lawton
- School of Science, University of Waikato, New Zealand; Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, New Zealand
| | - Rupert J Craggs
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd. (NIWA), Hamilton, New Zealand
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Panchal SK, Ghattamaneni NKR, Magnusson M, Cole A, Roberts D, Neveux N, Brown L, Paul NA. Freshwater Macroalgae, Oedogonium, Grown in Wastewater Reduce Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213811. [PMID: 36430290 PMCID: PMC9695597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae produce compounds with industrial, pharmaceutical and nutritional applications. In this study, biomass from the freshwater macroalgal genus Oedogonium was grown in either treated municipal wastewater (M) or ash dam water from a coal-fired power station (D). The biomass was investigated for its metabolic responses in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats, a model of human metabolic syndrome. The Oedogonium biomass cultured in M contained higher amounts of K, Mg, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), insoluble fibre and β-carotene, while biomass grown in D contained higher amounts of Al, Fe, V, Zn, Mn and As. Biomass from M further increased body weight and inflammation in the heart and colon in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats. In contrast, biomass from D prevented changes in metabolic, cardiovascular and liver parameters without changing tissue histology. We suggest that increased intake of metals and metalloids through macroalgal biomass from D may decrease abdominal fat deposition while polysaccharides, PUFA and carotenoids from M may improve blood glucose responses in an obesogenic diet. Thus, macroalgal biomass grown in different wastewater sources could be acceptable for feed or food applications. This biomass could even provide potential health benefits in diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-4570-1932
| | - Naga K. R. Ghattamaneni
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Marie Magnusson
- Te Aka Mātuatua—School of Science, University of Waikato, Tauranga 3112, New Zealand
- College of Marine & Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Andrew Cole
- College of Marine & Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - David Roberts
- College of Marine & Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Nicolas Neveux
- College of Marine & Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Pacific Biotechnologies Australia Pty Ltd., James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. Paul
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
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Yeh HY, Wang WL, Nan FH, Lee MC. Enhanced Colaconema formosanum biomass and phycoerythrin yield after manipulating inorganic carbon, irradiance, and photoperiod. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 352:127073. [PMID: 35346817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to an increasing CO2 concentration leading to global warming, the techniques as carbon capture utilization and storage are currently critical issues. This study aimed to investigate a cultivation strategy using optimal inorganic carbon level, irradiance, and photoperiod for producing the highest biomass and photosynthesis pigment contents (chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein) in the macroalga Colaconema formosanum. The results revealed that adding 1 g L-1 carbon increases phycoerythrin ratio by 12.52-13.74% and decreases allophycocyanin by 10.4-9.57%. Optimal conditions can increase algal growth by 60%, providing 5-6 mg g-1 total phycobiliprotein and 650-680 µg g-1 total chlorophyll. The results in this study illustrate the sensitivity of photosynthesis pigment after treatment with carbon, and suggest a hypothesis explaining the mechanism. The results also provide a feasible use of carbon for high-value large-scale production of pigment in the macroalgae industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yang Yeh
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Wang
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chou Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan.
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Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds and Pigments in Freshwater Cladophora glomerata Biomass from Various Lithuanian Rivers as a Potential Future Raw Material for Biotechnology. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14071138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater macroalgae produces a wide range of bioactive compounds, and interest in utilizing its biomass is growing rapidly. Meanwhile, exploiting renewable sources for biomass collection could lead to more sustainable biotechnological chains. The aim of this study was to investigate Cladophora glomerata biomass from Lithuanian rivers as a potential raw material for biotechnology. For this reason, phenolic compound profiles, antioxidant activity and pigment concentrations were determined in macroalgal biomass samples collected from the following four Lithuanian rivers: Dubysa (B1), Šventoji (B2), Nevėžis (B3) and Jūra (B4). The highest total phenolic compound content was determined in B3 (1.32 mg GAE/g). Three phenolic acids were identified, namely gallic (12.94–35.13 µg/g), p-hydroxybenzoic (23.97–29.05 µg/g) and p-coumaric (1.79–6.46 µg/g). The results indicate significant C. glomerata antioxidant activity; the highest reducing power reached 0.737 AU (B3), the total antioxidant content was 1.47 mg Trolox/g (B3), DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging was 11.09% (B3) and 97.86% (B1) and FRAP activity 20.86 µmol/L (B3). The content of pigments ranged from 0.56-0.74, 0.39–0.57, 0.17–0.23 to 0.11–0.17 mg/g in chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, and lutein, respectively. To conclude, C. glomerata macroalgal biomass may have the potential to act as a functional raw material, as several groups of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities were observed.
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Vieira VMNCS, Engelen AH, Huanel OR, Guillemin ML. An Individual-Based Model of the Red Alga Agarophyton chilense Unravels the Complex Demography of Its Intertidal Stands. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.797350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Algal demographic models have been developed mainly to study their life cycle evolution or optimize their commercial exploitation. Most commonly, structured-aggregated population models simulate the main life cycle stages considering their fertility, growth and survival. Their coarse resolution results in weak predictive abilities since neglected details may still impact the whole. In our case, we need a model of Agarophyton chilense natural intertidal populations that unravels the complex demography of isomorphic biphasic life cycles and be further used for: (i) introduction of genetics, aimed at studying the evolutionary stability of life cycles, (ii) optimizing commercial exploitation, and (iii) adaptation for other species. Long-term monitoring yield 6,066 individual observations and 40 population observations. For a holistic perspective, we developed an Individual-Based Model (IBM) considering ploidy stage, sex stage, holdfast age and survival, frond size, growth and breakage, fecundity, spore survival, stand biomass, location and season. The IBM was calibrated and validated comparing observed and estimated sizes and abundances of gametophyte males, gametophyte females and tetrasporophytes, stand biomass, haploid:dipoid ratio (known as H:D or G:T), fecundity and recruitment. The IBM replicated well the respective individual and population properties, and processes such as winter competition for light, self-thinning, summer stress from desiccation, frond breakage and re-growth, and different niche occupation by haploids and diploids. Its success depended on simulating with precision details such as the holdfasts’ dynamics. Because “details” often occur for a reduced number of individuals, inferring about them required going beyond statistically significant evidences and integrating these with parameter calibration aimed at maximized model fit. On average, the population was haploid-dominated (H:D > 1). In locations stressed by desiccation, the population was slightly biased toward the diploids and younger individuals due to the superior germination and survival of the diploid sporelings. In permanently submerged rock pools the population was biased toward the haploids and older individuals due to the superior growth and survival of the haploid adults. The IBM application demonstrated that conditional differentiation among ploidy stages was responsible for their differential niche occupation, which, in its turn, has been argued as the driver of the evolutionary stability of isomorphic biphasic life cycles.
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Motto M, Sahay S. Energy plants (crops): potential natural and future designer plants. HANDBOOK OF BIOFUELS 2022:73-114. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822810-4.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Vucko MJ, de Nys R, Cole AJ. Plant growth-promoting properties of extracts produced by fermenting the freshwater macroalga, Oedogonium intermedium. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Lawton RJ, Sutherland JE, Glasson CR, Magnusson ME. Selection of temperate Ulva species and cultivars for land-based cultivation and biomass applications. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Microalgae, soil and plants: A critical review of microalgae as renewable resources for agriculture. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Equilibrium Moisture and Drying Kinetics Modelling of Macroalgae Species Ulva ohnoi and Oedogonium intermedium. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cleantechnol2020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Algae-based products have applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries, bioremediation of waste streams and biofuel production. Drying has been recognised to constitute the largest energy cost in algae processing, yet there is limited data or modelling characterising the drying kinetics of macroalgae. This research modelled the equilibrium moisture content of two macroalgae species, Ulva ohnoi, a saltwater alga and Oedogonium intermedium, a freshwater alga. The Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer model was found to best represent experimental equilibrium moisture contents. Drying rate curves obtained under both convective and radiative conditions were fitted to an analytical solution of Fick’s second law, including the modelled equilibrium moisture values. Effective diffusivity values for the two species are presented.
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Webb JP, van Keulen M, Wong SKS, Hamley E, Nwoba E, Moheimani NR. Light spectral effect on a consortium of filamentous green algae grown on anaerobic digestate piggery effluent (ADPE). ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Liu J, Pemberton B, Lewis J, Scales PJ, Martin GJO. Wastewater treatment using filamentous algae - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 298:122556. [PMID: 31843358 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment using algae is a promising approach for efficient removal of contaminating nutrients and their conversion into useful products. Monocultures of filamentous algae provide easier harvesting compared to microalgae, and better control of biomass quality than polyculture systems such as algal turf scrubbers. In this review, recent research into wastewater treatment using freshwater filamentous algae is compiled and critically analysed. Focus is given to filamentous algae monocultures, with key relevant findings from microalgae and polyculture systems discussed and compared. The application of monocultures of filamentous algae is an emerging area of research. Gaps are identified in our understanding of key aspects important to large-scale system design, including criteria for species selection, influence of nutrient type and loading, inorganic carbon supply, algae-bacteria interactions, and parameters such as pond depth, mixing and harvesting regimes. This technology has much promise, however future research is needed to maximise productivity and wastewater treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Liu
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bill Pemberton
- Melbourne Water Corporation, 990 La Trobe Street, Docklands 3008, Australia
| | - Justin Lewis
- Melbourne Water Corporation, 990 La Trobe Street, Docklands 3008, Australia
| | - Peter J Scales
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gregory J O Martin
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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14
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Creed JC, Vieira VMNCS, Norton TA, Caetano D. A meta-analysis shows that seaweeds surpass plants, setting life-on-Earth's limit for biomass packing. BMC Ecol 2019; 19:6. [PMID: 30704446 PMCID: PMC6357480 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-019-0218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As plants, algae and some sessile invertebrates may grow in nearly monospecific assemblies, their collective biomass increases and if they compete hard enough some die, freeing up space. The concurrent increase in biomass and decrease in density is called self-thinning, and its trajectory over time or maximum values represent a boundary condition. For a single stand developing over time the boundary defines the carrying capacity of the environment but the most extreme trajectories emulate the efficiency of species in packing biomass into space. Results Here we present a meta-analysis of compiled data on biomass and density from 56 studies of 42 species of seaweeds from 8 orders within 3 phyla scattered through the world’s oceans. Our analysis shows that, with respect to biomass, seaweeds are the most efficient space occupiers on Earth because they transgress previously fixed limits derived from land plants. This is probably because seaweeds are not limited by water and do not need structures for its transport or for transpiration; they photosynthesise and uptake nutrients over their entire surface; they are attached to the substrate by holdfasts that are small proportional to their volume or weight compared to roots; water provides them better support, reducing the need for tissues for rigidity. We also identified a biomass concentration common to plants and seaweeds which represents the threshold that no life on the planet can pass. Using each stand’s distance to the biomass–density boundary, we determined that within the seaweeds the efficiency of space occupation differed amongst taxonomic and functional groups as well as with clonality and latitude. Conclusions Algae occupy space more efficiently than plants, most likely because the watery environment facilitates the physical processes and integration of space occupation. The distance-to-the-boundary proves a good metric to discriminate among groups and may be useful for comparison of the most efficient biomass producing systems, or for the identification of systems impacted by pollution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12898-019-0218-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel C Creed
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-900, Brazil.
| | - Vasco M N C S Vieira
- MARETEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Trevor A Norton
- Port Erin Marine Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Port Erin, Isle of Man, IM9 6JA, UK
| | - Debora Caetano
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-900, Brazil
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Marshall DJ, Lawton RJ, Monro K, Paul NA. Biochemical evolution in response to intensive harvesting in algae: Evolution of quality and quantity. Evol Appl 2018; 11:1389-1400. [PMID: 30151047 PMCID: PMC6099826 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary responses to indirect selection pressures imposed by intensive harvesting are increasingly common. While artificial selection has shown that biochemical components can show rapid and dramatic evolution, it remains unclear as to whether intensive harvesting can inadvertently induce changes in the biochemistry of harvested populations. For applications such as algal culture, many of the desirable bioproducts could evolve in response to harvesting, reducing cost-effectiveness, but experimental tests are lacking. We used an experimental evolution approach where we imposed heavy and light harvesting regimes on multiple lines of an alga of commercial interest for twelve cycles of harvesting and then placed all lines in a common garden regime for four cycles. We have previously shown that lines in a heavy harvesting regime evolve a "live fast" phenotype with higher growth rates relative to light harvesting regimes. Here, we show that algal biochemistry also shows evolutionary responses, although they were temporarily masked by differences in density under the different harvesting regimes. Heavy harvesting regimes, relative to light harvesting regimes, had reduced productivity of desirable bioproducts, particularly fatty acids. We suggest that commercial operators wishing to maximize productivity of desirable bioproducts should maintain mother cultures, kept at higher densities (which tend to select for desirable phenotypes), and periodically restart their intensively harvested cultures to minimize the negative consequences of biochemical evolution. Our study shows that the burgeoning algal culture industry should pay careful attention to the role of evolution in intensively harvested crops as these effects are nontrivial if subtle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Marshall
- Centre for Geometric Biology/School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Rebecca J Lawton
- MACRO—the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and BiotechnologyJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
- Bay of Plenty Regional CouncilMount MaunganuiNew Zealand
| | - Keyne Monro
- Centre for Geometric Biology/School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Nicholas A Paul
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and EngineeringUniversity of the Sunshine CoastMaroochydoreQLDAustralia
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Vogel V, Bergmann P. Culture of Spirogyra sp. in a flat-panel airlift photobioreactor. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:6. [PMID: 29259881 PMCID: PMC5722720 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-1026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirogyra is a green filamentous freshwater algae on which recent studies reveal several promising properties and potential application possibilities in biotechnology. However, little is known about cultivation of Spirogyra and even less about large-scale cultivations in closed growth systems. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to elaborate the growth kinetics of Spirogyra sp. in a commercially available and scalable photobioreactor. For this purpose, Spirogyra sp. was grown indoors in distinct flat-panel airlift photobioreactors equipped with culture-flow directing installations. Hereby, special attention was laid on light administration and specific light availability and it was found that Spirogyra sp., in combination with the photobioreactor in question, required high photon-flux densities (100 µmol m-2 s-1 gDW-1) for maximum proliferation which is in accordance with its abundance in epipelagial waters in nature. Applying photon-flux densities of up to 1400 µmol m-2 s-1, a maximum volumetric productivity and final biomass concentration of 1.15 gDW L-1 day-1 and 14.28 gDW L-1 were achieved, respectively, the highest to be reported for the alga. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first report on the growth of Spirogyra in a flat-panel photobioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vogel
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Esslingen, Kanalstrasse. 33, 73728 Esslingen, Germany
| | - Peter Bergmann
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
- Subitec GmbH, Julius-Hölder-Str. 36, 70597 Stuttgart, Germany
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A comparative assessment on how molasses and CO2 gas prevent carbon limitation in the large-scale culture of freshwater macroalgae. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Vucko MJ, Cole AJ, Moorhead JA, Pit J, de Nys R. The freshwater macroalga Oedogonium intermedium can meet the nutritional requirements of the herbivorous fish Ancistrus cirrhosus. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ross ME, Stanley MS, Day JG, Semião AJ. A comparison of methods for the non-destructive fresh weight determination of filamentous algae for growth rate analysis and dry weight estimation. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2017; 29:2925-2936. [PMID: 29213184 PMCID: PMC5705739 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-017-1157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The determination of rates of macroalgal growth and productivity via temporal fresh weight (FW) measurements is attractive, as it does not necessitate the sacrifice of biomass. However, there is no standardised method for FW analysis; this may lead to potential discrepancies when determining growth rates or productivity and make literature comparison problematic. This study systematically assessed a variety of lab-scale methods for macroalgal FW measurement for growth rate determination. Method efficacy was assessed over a 14-day period as impact upon algal physiology, growth rate on basis of FW and dry weight (DW), nitrate removal, and maintenance of structural integrity. The choice of method is critical to both accuracy and inter-study comparability of the data generated. In this study, it was observed that the choice of protocol had an impact upon the DW yield (P values = 0.036-0.51). For instance, those involving regular mechanical pressing resulted in a >25% reduction in the final DW in two of the three species studied when compared to algae not subjected to any treatment. This study proposes a standardised FW determination method employing a reticulated spinner that is rapid, reliable, and non-destructive and provides an accurate growth estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Ross
- Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, Thomas Bayes Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FG UK
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA UK
| | - Michele S. Stanley
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA UK
| | - John G. Day
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA UK
| | - Andrea J.C. Semião
- Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, Thomas Bayes Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FG UK
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Lawton RJ, Cole AJ, Roberts DA, Paul NA, de Nys R. The industrial ecology of freshwater macroalgae for biomass applications. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ge S, Champagne P. Cultivation of the Marine Macroalgae Chaetomorpha linum in Municipal Wastewater for Nutrient Recovery and Biomass Production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3558-3566. [PMID: 28221783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Compared to microalgae, macroalgae are larger in size, thereby imposing lower separation and drying costs. This study demonstrates the feasibility of cultivating macroalgae Chaetomorpha linum in different types of municipal wastewaters, their ability to remove nutrient and their biomass composition for downstream biofuel production. Screening experiments indicated that C. linum grew well on primary (PW) and secondary wastewaters (SW), as well as centrate wastewater (CW) diluted to less than 20%. In a subsequent experiment, a step feeding approach was found to significantly increase biomass productivity to 10.7 ± 0.2 g AFDW·m-2·d-1 (p < 0.001), a 26.5% improvement in comparison to the control with single feeding, when grown on 10-CW; meanwhile, nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies rose to 86.8 ± 1.1% (p < 0.001) and 92.6 ± 0.2% (p < 0.001), respectively. The CO2-supplemented SW cultures (10.1 ± 0.4 g AFDW·m-2·d-1) were 1.20 times more productive than the corresponding controls without CO2 supplementation (p < 0.001); however, similar improvements were not observed in PW (p = 0.07) and 10-CW cultures (p = 0.07). Moreover, wastewater type and nutrient concentration influenced biomass composition (protein, carbohydrate and lipid). These findings indicate that the application of the macroalgae C. linum could represent an effective wastewater treatment alternative that could also provide a feedstock for downstream processing to biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Ge
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario Canada K7L 3N6
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22
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Adding value to the treatment of municipal wastewater through the intensive production of freshwater macroalgae. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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He Y, Liang X, Jazrawi C, Montoya A, Yuen A, Cole AJ, Neveux N, Paul NA, de Nys R, Maschmeyer T, Haynes BS. Continuous hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae in the presence of organic co-solvents. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Neveux N, Magnusson M, Mata L, Whelan A, de Nys R, Paul N. The treatment of municipal wastewater by the macroalga Oedogonium sp. and its potential for the production of biocrude. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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25
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Cyclical changes in biomass productivity and amino acid content of freshwater macroalgae following nitrogen manipulation. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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26
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The effect of salinity on the biomass productivity, protein and lipid composition of a freshwater macroalga. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Yun JH, Smith VH, Pate RC. Managing nutrients and system operations for biofuel production from freshwater macroalgae. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lawton RJ, Carl C, de Nys R, Paul NA. Heritable variation in growth and biomass productivity in the clonal freshwater macroalga Oedogonium. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pre- and post-harvest treatment of macroalgae to improve the quality of feedstock for hydrothermal liquefaction. ALGAL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Magnusson M, Mata L, de Nys R, Paul NA. Biomass, lipid and fatty acid production in large-scale cultures of the marine macroalga Derbesia tenuissima (Chlorophyta). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 16:456-464. [PMID: 24510373 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-014-9564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomass productivity was quantified for the marine macroalga Derbesia tenuissima cultivated outdoors at seven stocking densities from 0.25 to 8 g L(-1) for 5 weeks. Total lipids and fatty acid quantity and quality was measured from samples that were freeze-dried, dried by oven (75 °C), food dehydrator (60 °C), or outdoor in the sun (40 °C) or shade (38 °C). Stocking densities of 0.25 to 2 g L(-1) yielded the highest biomass productivities (>20 g dry weight m(-2) day(-1)) with no effect on total lipid quantity (11 %), or fatty acid quantity (5.3 %) or quality at any density tested. However, there was an interactive effect of stocking density and drying technique, with a decrease of up to 40 % in polyunsaturated fatty acids in sun-dried compared to freeze-dried biomass. Notably, while fatty acid and biomass productivity may be inseparable in macroalgae, cultivation conditions have a significant carryover effect in the post-harvest delivery of high-quality bio-oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Magnusson
- MACRO - the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, and School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia,
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Cole AJ, de Nys R, Paul NA. Removing constraints on the biomass production of freshwater macroalgae by manipulating water exchange to manage nutrient flux. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101284. [PMID: 25000501 PMCID: PMC4085068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater macroalgae represent a largely overlooked group of phototrophic organisms that could play an important role within an industrial ecology context in both utilising waste nutrients and water and supplying biomass for animal feeds and renewable chemicals and fuels. This study used water from the intensive aquaculture of freshwater fish (Barramundi) to examine how the biomass production rate and protein content of the freshwater macroalga Oedogonium responds to increasing the flux of nutrients and carbon, by either increasing water exchange rates or through the addition of supplementary nitrogen and CO2. Biomass production rates were highest at low flow rates (0.1–1 vol.day−1) using raw pond water. The addition of CO2 to cultures increased biomass production rates by between 2 and 25% with this effect strongest at low water exchange rates. Paradoxically, the addition of nitrogen to cultures decreased productivity, especially at low water exchange rates. The optimal culture of Oedogonium occurred at flow rates of between 0.5–1 vol.day−1, where uptake rates peaked at 1.09 g.m−2.day−1 for nitrogen and 0.13 g.m−2.day−1 for phosphorous. At these flow rates Oedogonium biomass had uptake efficiencies of 75.2% for nitrogen and 22.1% for phosphorous. In this study a nitrogen flux of 1.45 g.m−2.day−1 and a phosphorous flux of 0.6 g.m−2.day−1 was the minimum required to maintain the growth of Oedogonium at 16–17 g DW.m−2.day−1 and a crude protein content of 25%. A simple model of minimum inputs shows that for every gram of dry weight biomass production (g DW.m−2.day−1), Oedogonium requires 0.09 g.m−2.day−1 of nitrogen and 0.04 g.m−2.day−1 of phosphorous to maintain growth without nutrient limitation whilst simultaneously maintaining a high-nutrient uptake rate and efficiency. As such the integrated culture of freshwater macroalgae with aquaculture for the purposes of nutrient recovery is a feasible solution for the bioremediation of wastewater and the supply of a protein resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Cole
- MACRO — the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Rocky de Nys
- MACRO — the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. Paul
- MACRO — the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Ellison MB, de Nys R, Paul NA, Roberts DA. Growth and metal bioconcentration by conspecific freshwater macroalgae cultured in industrial waste water. PeerJ 2014; 2:e401. [PMID: 24883258 PMCID: PMC4034596 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioremediation of industrial waste water by macroalgae is a sustainable and renewable approach to the treatment of waste water produced by multiple industries. However, few studies have tested the bioremediation of complex multi-element waste streams from coal-fired power stations by live algae. This study compares the ability of three species of green freshwater macroalgae from the genus Oedogonium, isolated from different geographic regions, to grow in waste water for the bioremediation of metals. The experiments used Ash Dam water from Tarong power station in Queensland, which is contaminated by multiple metals (Al, Cd, Ni and Zn) and metalloids (As and Se) in excess of Australian water quality guidelines. All species had consistent growth rates in Ash Dam water, despite significant differences in their growth rates in “clean” water. A species isolated from the Ash Dam water itself was not better suited to the bioremediation of that waste water. While there were differences in the temporal pattern of the bioconcentration of metals by the three species, over the course of the experiment, all three species bioconcentrated the same elements preferentially and to a similar extent. All species bioconcentrated metals (Cu, Mn, Ni, Cd and Zn) more rapidly than metalloids (As, Mo and Se). Therefore, bioremediation in situ will be most rapid and complete for metals. Overall, all three species of freshwater macroalgae had the ability to grow in waste water and bioconcentrate elements, with a consistent affinity for the key metals that are regulated by Australian and international water quality guidelines. Together, these characteristics make Oedogonium a clear target for scaled bioremediation programs across a range of geographic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Ellison
- MACRO-the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland , Australia
| | - Rocky de Nys
- MACRO-the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland , Australia
| | - Nicholas A Paul
- MACRO-the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland , Australia
| | - David A Roberts
- MACRO-the Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University , Townsville, Queensland , Australia
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Yun JH, Smith VH, deNoyelles FJ, Roberts GW, Stagg-Williams SM. Freshwater Macroalgae as a Biofuels Feedstock: Mini-Review and Assessment of Their Bioenergy Potential. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2013.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Yun
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Val H. Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | | | - Griffin W. Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
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35
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Isolation and identification of oedogonium species and strains for biomass applications. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90223. [PMID: 24603705 PMCID: PMC3946159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater macroalgae from the genus Oedogonium have recently been targeted for biomass applications; however, strains of Oedogonium for domestication have not yet been identified. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the performance of isolates of Oedogonium collected from multiple geographic locations under varying environmental conditions. We collected and identified wild-type isolates of Oedogonium from three geographic locations in Eastern Australia, then measured the growth of these isolates under a range of temperature treatments corresponding to ambient conditions in each geographic location. Our sampling identified 11 isolates of Oedogonium that could be successfully maintained under culture conditions. It was not possible to identify most isolates to species level using DNA barcoding techniques or taxonomic keys. However, there were considerable genetic and morphological differences between isolates, strongly supporting each being an identifiable species. Specific growth rates of species were high (>26% day-1) under 7 of the 9 temperature treatments (average tested temperature range: 20.9-27.7°C). However, the variable growth rates of species under lower temperature treatments demonstrated that some were better able to tolerate lower temperatures. There was evidence for local adaptation under lower temperature treatments (winter conditions), but not under higher temperature treatments (summer conditions). The high growth rates we recorded across multiple temperature treatments for the majority of species confirm the suitability of this diverse genus for biomass applications and the domestication of Oedogonium.
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36
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Neveux N, Yuen AKL, Jazrawi C, Magnusson M, Haynes BS, Masters AF, Montoya A, Paul NA, Maschmeyer T, de Nys R. Biocrude yield and productivity from the hydrothermal liquefaction of marine and freshwater green macroalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 155:334-341. [PMID: 24463408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Six species of marine and freshwater green macroalgae were cultivated in outdoor tanks and subsequently converted to biocrude through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) in a batch reactor. The influence of the biochemical composition of biomass on biocrude yield and composition was assessed. The freshwater macroalgae Oedogonium afforded the highest biocrude yield of all six species at 26.2%, dry weight (dw). Derbesia (19.7%dw) produced the highest biocrude yield for the marine species followed by Ulva (18.7%dw). In contrast to significantly different yields across species, the biocrudes elemental profiles were remarkably similar with higher heating values of 33-34MJkg(-1). Biocrude productivity was highest for marine Derbesia (2.4gm(-2)d(-1)) and Ulva (2.1gm(-2)d(-1)), and for freshwater Oedogonium (1.3gm(-2)d(-1)). These species were therefore identified as suitable feedstocks for scale-up and further HTL studies based on biocrude productivity, as a function of biomass productivity and the yield of biomass conversion to biocrude.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Neveux
- Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
| | - A K L Yuen
- School of Chemistry, Building F11, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - C Jazrawi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - M Magnusson
- Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - B S Haynes
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - A F Masters
- School of Chemistry, Building F11, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - A Montoya
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - N A Paul
- Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - T Maschmeyer
- School of Chemistry, Building F11, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - R de Nys
- Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, School of Marine & Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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The effect of CO2 on algal growth in industrial waste water for bioenergy and bioremediation applications. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81631. [PMID: 24278451 PMCID: PMC3838398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy, mining and mineral processing industries are point sources of metal-contaminated waste water and carbon dioxide (CO2). Freshwater macroalgae from the genus Oedogonium can be grown in metal-contaminated waste water to generate biomass for bioenergy applications and concomitantly bioremediate metals. However, interactions between CO2 addition and algal growth, which can affect bioremediation, remain untested. The addition of CO2 to algal cultures in the Ash Dam Water (ADW) from a coal-fired power station increased the biomass productivity of Oedogonium sp. from 6.8 g dry weight (DW) m(-2) d(-1) to a maximum of 22.5 g DW m(-2) d(-1). The greater productivity increased the rate of bioremediation of most elements. However, over time carbon-amended cultures experienced a decline in productivity. Possible explanations include metal toxicity at low pH or essential trace element limitation as a result of competition between toxic and essential trace elements for uptake into algae. Higher productivity increased bioremediation rate and yielded more biomass for bioenergy applications, making maintenance of maximum productivity the central aim of the integrated culture model. To do so it will be necessary to resolve the mechanisms responsible for declining yields over time in carbon-amended cultures. Regardless, our data demonstrate that freshwater macroalgae are ideal candidates for bioremediation of metal-contaminated waste streams. Algal culture delivered significant improvement in ADW quality, reducing 5 elements that were initially in excess of water quality criteria (Al, As, Cd, Ni and Zn) to meet guidelines within two to four weeks.
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Dubois B, Tomkins NW, D. Kinley R, Bai M, Seymour S, A. Paul N, Nys RD. Effect of Tropical Algae as Additives on Rumen <i>in Vitro</i> Gas Production and Fermentation Characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2013.412a2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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