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Saputra F, Kishida M, Hu SY. Oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide disrupts zebrafish visual development by altering apoptosis, antioxidant and estrogen related genes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14454. [PMID: 38914633 PMCID: PMC11196719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is considered deleterious molecule that cause cellular damage integrity and function. Its key redox signaling molecule in oxidative stress and exerts toxicity on a wide range of organisms. Thus, to understand whether oxidative stress alters visual development, zebrafish embryos were exposed to H2O2 at concentration of 0.02 to 62.5 mM for 7 days. Eye to body length ratio (EBR) and apoptosis in retina at 48 hpf, and optomotor response (OMR) at 7 dpf were all measured. To investigate whether hydrogen peroxide-induced effects were mediated by oxidative stress, embryos were co-incubated with the antioxidant, glutathione (GSH) at 50 μM. Results revealed that concentrations of H2O2 at or above 0.1 mM induced developmental toxicity, leading to increased mortality and hatching delay. Furthermore, exposure to 0.1 mM H2O2 decreased EBR at 48 hpf and impaired OMR visual behavior at 7 dpf. Additionally, exposure increased the area of apoptotic cells in the retina at 48 hpf. The addition of GSH reversed the effects of H2O2, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress. H2O2 decreased the expression of eye development-related genes, pax6α and pax6β. The expression of apoptosis-related genes, tp53, casp3 and bax, significantly increased, while bcl2α expression decreased. Antioxidant-related genes sod1, cat and gpx1a showed decreased expression. Expression levels of estrogen receptors (ERs) (esr1, esr2α, and esr2β) and ovarian and brain aromatase genes (cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b, respectively) were also significantly reduced. Interestingly, co-incubation of GSH effectivity reversed the impact of H2O2 on most parameters. Overall, these results demonstrate that H2O2 induces adverse effects on visual development via oxidative stress, which leads to alter apoptosis, diminished antioxidant defenses and reduced estrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitsuyo Kishida
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Shao-Yang Hu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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2
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Lombana DAB, Porfiri M. Collective response of fish to combined manipulations of illumination and flow. Behav Processes 2022; 203:104767. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Microplastics in the Deep: Comparing Dietary and Plastic Ingestion Data between Two Mediterranean Bathyal Opportunistic Feeder Species, Galeus melastomus, Rafinesque, 1810 and Coelorinchus caelorhincus (Risso, 1810), through Stomach Content Analysis. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10050624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Marine plastic pollution is currently an issue of mounting concern around the world. Stomach content of marine fish has been increasingly used as a valid proxy for detecting the presence of such a pollutant in marine biota, both for coastal and deep-water environments. Although ingestion of microplastics has been reported in an increasing number of species, the patterns of ingestion still remain unclear, depending closely on the interaction between the species and types of microplastics involved. In this context, we analysed and compared the stomach contents of two bathyal dwelling opportunistic feeder species namely Galeus melastomus and Coelorinchus caelorhincus. In particular, we analysed microplastic items according to their dimension, morphology and colour, and diet’s variation with size obtained through prey identification. Both species showed a higher frequency of occurrence of the blue filament-like middle-sized microplastics (1.01–4.75 mm) compared with the other categories, although this pattern was much more marked in C. caelorhincus than in G. melastomus. The latter conversely showed a larger array of ingested plastic items in terms of shape and colour. Matching plastic ingestion with dietary data suggested potential predator confusion occurring in C. caelorhincus through active mis-selection of a defined type of microplastic instead of some particular family of polychaetes, which resemble in shape, size, and color to that type. Otherwise, G. melastomus appeared more prone to a random ingestion of a larger array of microplastic items because of a more generalistic and less selective feeding strategy. Although further validation is needed, stomach contents of the two species showed evidence strong enough to be considered as potential bioindicator species of microplastic pollution, as required by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive for monitoring this pollutant in the marine environment.
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Influence of moon and clouds on night illumination in two different spectral ranges. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20642. [PMID: 34667243 PMCID: PMC8526603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The variable brightness of the night sky affects plants as well as animals and humans. However, knowledge about this variability is still insufficient. Outstanding questions regarding how significant the influence of the moon, clouds, and artificial lighting remain. To be able to make statements about these effects, measurements over a long period of time are necessary. Fraunhofer IOSB performs such measurements in the 380-780 nm photopic visual and 800-1700 nm shortwave infrared spectral range. As the latter is only marginally affected by artificial lighting, a comparison of the two bands deepens insight into the influence of artificial lighting. First analyses show that the moon is, as expected, the dominant light source in the night sky, especially during a full moon. Illuminance values up to 200 mlx and irradiance values up to 600 µW/m2 were measured in the visible and infrared respectively. The influence of clouds is more complicated. The measured intensities depend, among other things, on cloud cover and cloud altitude. When the night sky is overcast, the measured intensities can drop as low as 0.5 mlx and 0.5 µW/m2, respectively. These small values were measured during rainfall. The influence of artificial illumination is difficult to estimate, as intensities in the shortwave infrared decrease with increasing cloud cover, but increase in the visual.
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Matsuo M, Kamei Y, Fukamachi S. Behavioural red-light sensitivity in fish according to the optomotor response. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210415. [PMID: 34386255 PMCID: PMC8334835 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Various procedures have been adopted to investigate spectral sensitivity of animals, e.g. absorption spectra of visual pigments, electroretinography, optokinetic response, optomotor response (OMR) and phototaxis. The use of these techniques has led to various conclusions about animal vision. However, visual sensitivity should be evaluated consistently for a reliable comparison. In this study, we retrieved behavioural data of several fish species using a single OMR procedure and compared their sensitivities to near-infrared light. Besides cavefish that lack eyes, some species were not appropriate for the OMR test because they either stayed still or changed swimming direction frequently. Eight of 13 fish species tested were OMR positive. Detailed analyses using medaka, goldfish, zebrafish, guppy, stickleback and cichlid revealed that all the fish were sensitive to light at a wavelength greater than or equal to 750 nm, where the threshold wavelengths varied from 750 to 880 nm. Fish opsin repertoire affected the perception of red light. By contrast, the copy number of long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) genes did not necessarily improve red-light sensitivity. While the duplication of LWS and other cone opsin genes that has occurred extensively during fish evolution might not aid increasing spectral sensitivity, it may provide some other advantageous ophthalmic function, such as enhanced spectral discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Spectrography and Bioimaging Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shoji Fukamachi
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
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Dehmelt FA, Meier R, Hinz J, Yoshimatsu T, Simacek CA, Huang R, Wang K, Baden T, Arrenberg AB. Spherical arena reveals optokinetic response tuning to stimulus location, size, and frequency across entire visual field of larval zebrafish. eLife 2021; 10:63355. [PMID: 34100720 PMCID: PMC8233042 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many animals have large visual fields, and sensory circuits may sample those regions of visual space most relevant to behaviours such as gaze stabilisation and hunting. Despite this, relatively small displays are often used in vision neuroscience. To sample stimulus locations across most of the visual field, we built a spherical stimulus arena with 14,848 independently controllable LEDs. We measured the optokinetic response gain of immobilised zebrafish larvae to stimuli of different steradian size and visual field locations. We find that the two eyes are less yoked than previously thought and that spatial frequency tuning is similar across visual field positions. However, zebrafish react most strongly to lateral, nearly equatorial stimuli, consistent with previously reported spatial densities of red, green, and blue photoreceptors. Upside-down experiments suggest further extra-retinal processing. Our results demonstrate that motion vision circuits in zebrafish are anisotropic, and preferentially monitor areas with putative behavioural relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Dehmelt
- University of Tübingen, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Institute of Neurobiology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Meier
- University of Tübingen, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Institute of Neurobiology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Hinz
- University of Tübingen, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Institute of Neurobiology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Takeshi Yoshimatsu
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Clara A Simacek
- University of Tübingen, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Institute of Neurobiology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ruoyu Huang
- University of Tübingen, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Institute of Neurobiology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kun Wang
- University of Tübingen, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Institute of Neurobiology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tom Baden
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Aristides B Arrenberg
- University of Tübingen, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Institute of Neurobiology, Tübingen, Germany
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Tatemoto P, Serra M. Low Luminosity Reduces Agonistic Behaviour of Nile Tilapia. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2021; 24:434-441. [PMID: 33624566 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2021.1888293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In confrontations, many behaviors are based on visual information. To establish the importance of visual signals in the aggression of cichlid fish, we observed the behavior of groups in three juveniles of Nile tilapia (six groups in each condition), for 30 minutes under two extremes of light condition: high luminosity and low luminosity (dark condition for humans - only infrared light). The average number of bites and chases in the low luminosity was lower than observed in high luminosity. We conclude that the low luminosity condition diminishes but does not eliminate fights, and the fish can rely on nonvisual senses and low intensity of light to interact with conspecifics. The artificial high luminosity in artificial environments is potentially compromising welfare for increasing the number of agonistic interactions. Moreover, it is possible that in experimental designs studying behavior the high luminosity is a variable interfering in the conclusions about agonistic behavior in cichlid fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Serra
- Center for Comparative Studies in Sustainability, Health and Welfare, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Burbano-L. DA, Porfiri M. Modeling multi-sensory feedback control of zebrafish in a flow. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008644. [PMID: 33481795 PMCID: PMC7857640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how animals navigate complex environments is a fundamental challenge in biology and a source of inspiration for the design of autonomous systems in engineering. Animal orientation and navigation is a complex process that integrates multiple senses, whose function and contribution are yet to be fully clarified. Here, we propose a data-driven mathematical model of adult zebrafish engaging in counter-flow swimming, an innate behavior known as rheotaxis. Zebrafish locomotion in a two-dimensional fluid flow is described within the finite-dipole model, which consists of a pair of vortices separated by a constant distance. The strength of these vortices is adjusted in real time by the fish to afford orientation and navigation control, in response to of the multi-sensory input from vision, lateral line, and touch. Model parameters for the resulting stochastic differential equations are calibrated through a series of experiments, in which zebrafish swam in a water channel under different illumination conditions. The accuracy of the model is validated through the study of a series of measures of rheotactic behavior, contrasting results of real and in-silico experiments. Our results point at a critical role of hydromechanical feedback during rheotaxis, in the form of a gradient-following strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Burbano-L.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Maurizio Porfiri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
- Center for Urban Sciences and Progress, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
- * E-mail:
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Hermann A, Chladek J, Stepputtis D. iFO (infrared Fish Observation) - An open source low-cost infrared underwater video system. HARDWAREX 2020; 8:e00149. [PMID: 35498235 PMCID: PMC9041171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2020.e00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Underwater video surveillance is an important data source in marine science, e.g. for behaviour studies. Scientists commonly use water resistant ruggedized monitoring equipment, which is cost-intensive and usually limited to visible light. This has two disadvantages: the observation is limited to space and time where visible light is available or, under artificial illumination, behaviour of marine life is potentially biased. Infrared (IR) video surveillance have been used before to overcome these. It records videos at visible light and under IR-illumination. With today's efficiency of IR-LED and video technology even low-cost systems reach visibility ranges suited for many application scenarios. We describe a low-cost open-source based hardware/software system (iFO). It consists of a single-board computer controlling the camera and lamps (with high power IR-LEDs), printed circuit boards (PCB), the underwater housings and 3D-printable models to mount PCBs in the housings and the housings to standard GoPro mounts. The Linux based software includes webserver, remote control, motion detection, scheduler, video transfer, storage at external hard disk and more. A ready-to-use SD-card image is included. We use rugged underwater housings with 100 m (optional 400 m) depth ratings. Finally, we describe a typical application observing the behaviour of cod in fish pots.
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10
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Hartmann S, Vogt R, Kunze J, Rauschert A, Kuhnert KD, Wanzenböck J, Lamatsch DK, Witte K. Zebrafish larvae show negative phototaxis to near-infrared light. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207264. [PMID: 30485324 PMCID: PMC6261574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio) are among the most used model species to test biological effects of different substances in biomedical research, neuroscience and ecotoxicology. Most tests are based on changes in swimming activity of zebrafish larvae by using commercially available high-throughput screening systems. These systems record and analyse behaviour patterns using visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) light sources, to simulate day (VIS) and night (NIR) phases, which allow continuous recording of the behaviour using a NIR sensitive camera. So far, however, the sensitivity of zebrafish larvae to NIR has never been tested experimentally, although being a critical piece of information for interpreting their behaviour under experimental conditions. Here, we investigated the swimming activity of 96 hpf (hours post fertilization) and 120 hpf zebrafish larvae under light sources of NIR at 860 nm and at 960 nm wavelength and under VIS light. A thermal source was simultaneously presented opposite to one of the light sources as control. We found that zebrafish larvae of both larval stages showed a clear negative phototactic response towards 860 nm NIR light and to VIS light, but not to 960 nm NIR light. Our results demonstrated that zebrafish larvae are able to perceive NIR at 860 nm, which is almost identical to the most commonly used light source in commercial screening systems (NIR at 850 nm) to create a dark environment. These tests, however, are not performed in the dark from the zebrafish´s point of view. We recommend testing sensitivity of the used test organism before assuming no interaction with the applied light source of commonly used biosensor test systems. Previous studies on biological effects of substances to zebrafish larvae should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hartmann
- Research Group of Ecology and Behavioural Biology, Institute of Biology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Roland Vogt
- Research Department for Limnology, Mondsee, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Jan Kunze
- Institute of Real-time Learning Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Anna Rauschert
- Research Group of Ecology and Behavioural Biology, Institute of Biology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Kuhnert
- Institute of Real-time Learning Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Josef Wanzenböck
- Research Department for Limnology, Mondsee, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Dunja K. Lamatsch
- Research Department for Limnology, Mondsee, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Klaudia Witte
- Research Group of Ecology and Behavioural Biology, Institute of Biology, Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
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11
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Stuart-Fox D, Newton E, Mulder RA, D'Alba L, Shawkey MD, Igic B. The microstructure of white feathers predicts their visible and near-infrared reflectance properties. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199129. [PMID: 29975724 PMCID: PMC6033395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the optical properties of animal integuments, including fur, feather, skin and cuticle, has focussed almost exclusively on animal-visible wavelengths within the narrow range of 300-700 nm. By contrast, the near-infrared (NIR) portion of direct sunlight, spanning 700-2600 nm, has been largely ignored despite its potentially important thermal consequences. We quantified variation in visible and NIR reflectance and transmission for white body contour feathers of 50 bird species, and examined how well they are predicted by feather macro- and micro-structural morphology. Both visible and NIR reflectance of the feathers varied substantially across species. Larger, thicker, and sparser feathers that are characteristic of larger species, and feathers with rounder barbs and more closely spaced barbules, had high average reflectance, particularly within avian-visible wavelengths (300-700 nm). Feathers with rounder barbs and more closely situated barbules also had high average reflectance, particularly for NIR wavelengths. Barb roundness and barbule density were the only predictors of NIR reflectance after accounting for variation in visible reflectance and body size. Our results highlight the potential for adaptive variation in NIR reflectance mediated by feather structure, which may inform the design of functional materials to control light and heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Stuart-Fox
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Newton
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raoul A Mulder
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liliana D'Alba
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures group, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthew D Shawkey
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures group, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Branislav Igic
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Matsuo M, Ando Y, Kamei Y, Fukamachi S. A semi-automatic and quantitative method to evaluate behavioral photosensitivity in animals based on the optomotor response (OMR). Biol Open 2018; 7:7/6/bio033175. [PMID: 29921705 PMCID: PMC6031347 DOI: 10.1242/bio.033175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The optomotor response (OMR) is a locomotor behavior of animals that is induced by moving repetitive visual stimuli. This characteristic helps animals particularly when stabilizing and maintaining position in schools and herds. Here, we developed a simple but sensitive method for quantifying the OMR using medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model. This method, which simply requires video-recorded behavior, free tracking software, and a generic spreadsheet program, enables the evaluation of spectral sensitivity by researchers with little knowledge about the behavioral characteristics of the test animal or of the OMR. Based on a manual method, we reported previously that wild-type and red-colorblind medaka exhibited an OMR up to λ=830 and 740 nm, respectively. However, the present method, which quantifies the OMR according to three parameters (starting time, duration, and total distance of swimming) that are calculated based on a series of x–y coordinates of the moving fish, supported that conclusion and further indicated that both strains perceive light at even longer wavelengths. This low-cost, quantitative, and semi-automatic method would widen the opportunities to unveil behavioral photosensitivity in animals of interest. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: A semi-automatic analytical method for the assessment of the optomotor response was developed. This procedure was animal friendly and enabled the quantitative evaluation of fish optic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Matsuo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Yoriko Ando
- Spectrography and Bioimaging Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Spectrography and Bioimaging Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shoji Fukamachi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
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13
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Stuart-Fox D, Newton E, Clusella-Trullas S. Thermal consequences of colour and near-infrared reflectance. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0345. [PMID: 28533462 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of colour for temperature regulation in animals remains controversial. Colour can affect an animal's temperature because all else being equal, dark surfaces absorb more solar energy than do light surfaces, and that energy is converted into heat. However, in reality, the relationship between colour and thermoregulation is complex and varied because it depends on environmental conditions and the physical properties, behaviour and physiology of the animal. Furthermore, the thermal effects of colour depend as much on absorptance of near-infrared ((NIR), 700-2500 nm) as visible (300-700 nm) wavelengths of direct sunlight; yet the NIR is very rarely considered or measured. The few available data on NIR reflectance in animals indicate that the visible reflectance is often a poor predictor of NIR reflectance. Adaptive variation in animal coloration (visible reflectance) reflects a compromise between multiple competing functions such as camouflage, signalling and thermoregulation. By contrast, adaptive variation in NIR reflectance should primarily reflect thermoregulatory requirements because animal visual systems are generally insensitive to NIR wavelengths. Here, we assess evidence and identify key research questions regarding the thermoregulatory function of animal coloration, and specifically consider evidence for adaptive variation in NIR reflectance.This article is part of the themed issue 'Animal coloration: production, perception, function and application'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Stuart-Fox
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Newton
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susana Clusella-Trullas
- Department of Botany and Zoology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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14
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Myklatun A, Lauri A, Eder SHK, Cappetta M, Shcherbakov D, Wurst W, Winklhofer M, Westmeyer GG. Zebrafish and medaka offer insights into the neurobehavioral correlates of vertebrate magnetoreception. Nat Commun 2018; 9:802. [PMID: 29476093 PMCID: PMC5824813 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An impediment to a mechanistic understanding of how some species sense the geomagnetic field ("magnetoreception") is the lack of vertebrate genetic models that exhibit well-characterized magnetoreceptive behavior and are amenable to whole-brain analysis. We investigated the genetic model organisms zebrafish and medaka, whose young stages are transparent and optically accessible. In an unfamiliar environment, adult fish orient according to the directional change of a magnetic field even in darkness. To enable experiments also in juveniles, we applied slowly oscillating magnetic fields, aimed at generating conflicting sensory inputs during exploratory behavior. Medaka (but not zebrafish) increase their locomotor activity in this assay. Complementary brain activity mapping reveals neuronal activation in the lateral hindbrain during magnetic stimulation. These comparative data support magnetoreception in teleosts, provide evidence for a light-independent mechanism, and demonstrate the usefulness of zebrafish and medaka as genetic vertebrate models for studying the biophysical and neuronal mechanisms underlying magnetoreception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahne Myklatun
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonella Lauri
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan H K Eder
- Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences Section Geophysics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Theresienstrasse 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Michele Cappetta
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Denis Shcherbakov
- Institute of Zoology 220, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Winklhofer
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences IBU, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, D-26111, Germany
| | - Gil G Westmeyer
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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15
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Matthews B, Best RJ, Feulner PGD, Narwani A, Limberger R. Evolution as an ecosystem process: insights from genomics. Genome 2017; 61:298-309. [PMID: 29241022 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2017-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evolution is a fundamental ecosystem process. The study of genomic variation of organisms can not only improve our understanding of evolutionary processes, but also of contemporary and future ecosystem dynamics. We argue that integrative research between the fields of genomics and ecosystem ecology could generate new insights. Specifically, studies of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, evolutionary rescue, and eco-evolutionary dynamics could all benefit from information about variation in genome structure and the genetic architecture of traits, whereas genomic studies could benefit from information about the ecological context of evolutionary dynamics. We propose new ways to help link research on functional genomic diversity with (reciprocal) interactions between phenotypic evolution and ecosystem change. Despite numerous challenges, we anticipate that the wealth of genomic data being collected on natural populations will improve our understanding of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Matthews
- a Eawag, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca J Best
- a Eawag, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,b School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, 525 S. Beaver Street, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Philine G D Feulner
- c Eawag, Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,d University of Bern, Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anita Narwani
- a Eawag, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Romana Limberger
- a Eawag, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,e Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
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16
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Symvoulidis P, Lauri A, Stefanoiu A, Cappetta M, Schneider S, Jia H, Stelzl A, Koch M, Perez CC, Myklatun A, Renninger S, Chmyrov A, Lasser T, Wurst W, Ntziachristos V, Westmeyer GG. NeuBtracker—imaging neurobehavioral dynamics in freely behaving fish. Nat Methods 2017; 14:1079-1082. [DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Changes in illumination can rapidly influence behavior that is normally controlled by the circadian clock. This effect is termed masking. In mice, masking requires melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells that detect blue light and project to the thalamus. It is not known whether masking is wavelength-dependent in other vertebrates, nor is it known whether the thalamus is also involved or how it influences masking. Here, we address these questions in zebrafish. We find that diel vertical migration, a circadian behavior in larval zebrafish, is effectively triggered by blue, but not by red light. Two-photon calcium imaging reveals that a thalamic nucleus and a downstream structure, the habenula, have a sustained response to blue but not to red light. Lesioning the habenula reduces light-evoked climbing. These data suggest that the thalamo-habenula pathway is involved in the ability of blue light to influence a circadian behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lin
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, 28 Medical Drive, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.,The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Suresh Jesuthasan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore. .,Neural Circuitry and Behavior Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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18
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Gagnon YL, Wilby D, Temple SE. Losing focus: how lens position and viewing angle affect the function of multifocal lenses in fishes. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2016; 33:1901-1909. [PMID: 27607515 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.33.001901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Light rays of different wavelengths are focused at different distances when they pass through a lens (longitudinal chromatic aberration [LCA]). For animals with color vision this can pose a serious problem, because in order to perceive a sharp image the rays must be focused at the shallow plane of the photoreceptor's outer segments in the retina. A variety of fish and tetrapods have been found to possess multifocal lenses, which correct for LCA by assigning concentric zones to correctly focus specific wavelengths. Each zone receives light from a specific beam entrance position (BEP) (the lateral distance between incoming light and the center of the lens). Any occlusion of incoming light at specific BEPs changes the composition of the wavelengths that are correctly focused on the retina. Here, we calculated the effect of lens position relative to the plane of the iris and light entering the eye at oblique angles on how much of the lens was involved in focusing the image on the retina (measured as the availability of BEPs). We used rotational photography of fish eyes and mathematical modeling to quantify the degree of lens occlusion. We found that, at most lens positions and viewing angles, there was a decrease of BEP availability and in some cases complete absence of some BEPs. Given the implications of these effects on image quality, we postulate that three morphological features (aphakic spaces, curvature of the iris, and intraretinal variability in spectral sensitivity) may, in part, be adaptations to mitigate the loss of spectral image quality in the periphery of the eyes of fishes.
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19
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Hung CC, Tsao SC, Huang KH, Jang JP, Chang HK, Dobbs FC. A highly sensitive underwater video system for use in turbid aquaculture ponds. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31810. [PMID: 27554201 PMCID: PMC4995459 DOI: 10.1038/srep31810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The turbid, low-light waters characteristic of aquaculture ponds have made it difficult or impossible for previous video cameras to provide clear imagery of the ponds’ benthic habitat. We developed a highly sensitive, underwater video system (UVS) for this particular application and tested it in shrimp ponds having turbidities typical of those in southern Taiwan. The system’s high-quality video stream and images, together with its camera capacity (up to nine cameras), permit in situ observations of shrimp feeding behavior, shrimp size and internal anatomy, and organic matter residues on pond sediments. The UVS can operate continuously and be focused remotely, a convenience to shrimp farmers. The observations possible with the UVS provide aquaculturists with information critical to provision of feed with minimal waste; determining whether the accumulation of organic-matter residues dictates exchange of pond water; and management decisions concerning shrimp health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chang Hung
- Department of Oceanography, and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.,Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529 USA
| | - Shih-Chieh Tsao
- Department of Oceanography, and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hao Huang
- Department of Oceanography, and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Pu Jang
- Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Fred C Dobbs
- Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529 USA
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20
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Enright JM, Toomey MB, Sato SY, Temple SE, Allen JR, Fujiwara R, Kramlinger VM, Nagy LD, Johnson KM, Xiao Y, How MJ, Johnson SL, Roberts NW, Kefalov VJ, Guengerich FP, Corbo JC. Cyp27c1 Red-Shifts the Spectral Sensitivity of Photoreceptors by Converting Vitamin A1 into A2. Curr Biol 2015; 25:3048-57. [PMID: 26549260 PMCID: PMC4910640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Some vertebrate species have evolved means of extending their visual sensitivity beyond the range of human vision. One mechanism of enhancing sensitivity to long-wavelength light is to replace the 11-cis retinal chromophore in photopigments with 11-cis 3,4-didehydroretinal. Despite over a century of research on this topic, the enzymatic basis of this perceptual switch remains unknown. Here, we show that a cytochrome P450 family member, Cyp27c1, mediates this switch by converting vitamin A1 (the precursor of 11-cis retinal) into vitamin A2 (the precursor of 11-cis 3,4-didehydroretinal). Knockout of cyp27c1 in zebrafish abrogates production of vitamin A2, eliminating the animal's ability to red-shift its photoreceptor spectral sensitivity and reducing its ability to see and respond to near-infrared light. Thus, the expression of a single enzyme mediates dynamic spectral tuning of the entire visual system by controlling the balance of vitamin A1 and A2 in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Enright
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew B Toomey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shin-ya Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shelby E Temple
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - James R Allen
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rina Fujiwara
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Valerie M Kramlinger
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leslie D Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin M Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Martin J How
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Stephen L Johnson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicholas W Roberts
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Vladimir J Kefalov
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joseph C Corbo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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21
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Nissen M, Shcherbakov D, Heyer A, Brümmer F, Schill RO. Behaviour of the plathelminth Symsagittifera roscoffensis under different light conditions and the consequences for the symbiotic algae Tetraselmis convolutae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 218:1693-8. [PMID: 25852067 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Symsagittifera roscoffensis is a plathelminth living in symbiosis with the green algae Tetraselmis convolutae. Host and symbiont are a model system for the study of endosymbiosis, which has so far mainly focused on their biochemical interactions. Symsagittifera roscoffensis is well known for its positive phototaxis that is hypothesized to optimize the symbiont's light perception for photosynthesis. In this study, we conducted a detailed analysis of phototaxis using light sources of different wavelength and brightness by videotracking. Furthermore, we compared the behavioural data with the electron transfer rate of the photosystem from cultured symbiotic cells. The symbiotic algae is adapted to low light conditions, showing a positive electron transfer rate at a photosynthetically active radiation of 0.112 µmol photons m(-2) s(-1), and S. roscoffensis showed a positive phototactic behaviour for light intensities up to 459.17 µmol photons m(-2) s(-1), which is not optimal regarding the needs of the symbiotic cells and may even harm host and symbiont. Red light cannot be detected by the animals and therefore their eyes seem not to be suitable for measuring the exact photosynthetically active radiation to the benefit of the photosymbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Nissen
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Institute, University of Rostock, Gertrudenstr. 11 A, Rostock 18057, Germany Department of Zoology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Denis Shcherbakov
- Institute of Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Arnd Heyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Franz Brümmer
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Ralph O Schill
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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22
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Planarian Phototactic Assay Reveals Differential Behavioral Responses Based on Wavelength. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114708. [PMID: 25493551 PMCID: PMC4262426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Planarians are free-living aquatic flatworms that possess a well-documented photophobic response to light. With a true central nervous system and simple cerebral eyes (ocelli), planarians are an emerging model for regenerative eye research. However, comparatively little is known about the physiology of their photoreception or how their behavior is affected by various wavelengths. Most phototactic studies have examined planarian behavior using white light. Here, we describe a novel planarian behavioral assay to test responses to small ranges of visible wavelengths (red, blue, green), as well as ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) which have not previously been examined. Our data show that planarians display behavioral responses across a range of wavelengths. These responses occur in a hierarchy, with the shortest wavelengths (UV) causing the most intense photophobic responses while longer wavelengths produce no effect (red) or an apparent attraction (IR). In addition, our data reveals that planarian photophobia is comprised of both a general photophobic response (that drives planarians to escape the light source regardless of wavelength) and wavelength-specific responses that encompass specific behavioral reactions to individual wavelengths. Our results serve to improve the understanding of planarian phototaxis and suggest that behavioral studies performed with white light mask a complex behavioral interaction with the environment.
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