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Xue J, Deng J, Qin H, Yan S, Zhao Z, Qin L, Liu J, Wang H. The interaction of platelet-related factors with tumor cells promotes tumor metastasis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:371. [PMID: 38637802 PMCID: PMC11025228 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets not only participate in thrombosis and hemostasis but also interact with tumor cells and protect them from mechanical damage caused by hemodynamic shear stress and natural killer cell lysis, thereby promoting their colonization and metastasis to distant organs. Platelets can affect the tumor microenvironment via interactions between platelet-related factors and tumor cells. Metastasis is a key event in cancer-related death and is associated with platelet-related factors in lung, breast, and colorectal cancers. Although the factors that promote platelet expression vary slightly in terms of their type and mode of action, they all contribute to the overall process. Recognizing the correlation and mechanisms between these factors is crucial for studying the colonization of distant target organs and developing targeted therapies for these three types of tumors. This paper reviews studies on major platelet-related factors closely associated with metastasis in lung, breast, and colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xue
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Central Hospital of Qingdao Jiaozhou, 99 Yunxi River South Road, Qingdao, 266300, Shandong, China
| | - Jianzhao Deng
- Clinical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Qingdao Jiaozhou, 99 Yunxi River South Road, Qingdao, 266300, Shandong, China
| | - Hongwei Qin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Central Hospital of Qingdao Jiaozhou, 99 Yunxi River South Road, Qingdao, 266300, Shandong, China
| | - Songxia Yan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Lifeng Qin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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Mehdizadeh R, Ansari AM, Forouzesh F, Ghadirian R, Shahriari F, Shariatpanahi SP, Javidi MA. Cross-talk between non-ionizing electromagnetic fields and metastasis; EMT and hybrid E/M may explain the anticancer role of EMFs. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023:S0079-6107(23)00060-3. [PMID: 37302516 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (NIEMFs) in a specific frequency, intensity, and exposure time can have anti-cancer effects on various cancer cells; however, the underlying precise mechanism of action is not transparent. Most cancer deaths are due to metastasis. This important phenomenon plays an inevitable role in different steps of cancer including progression and development. It has different stages including invasion, intravasation, migration, extravasation, and homing. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as hybrid E/M state, are biological processes, that involve both natural embryogenesis and tissue regeneration, and abnormal conditions including organ fibrosis or metastasis. In this context, some evidence reveals possible footprints of the important EMT-related pathways which may be affected in different EMFs treatments. In this article, critical EMT molecules and/or pathways which can be potentially affected by EMFs (e.g., VEGFR, ROS, P53, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, Cyclin B1, and NF-кB) are discussed to shed light on the mechanism of EMFs anti-cancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mehdizadeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science, and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Madjid Ansari
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Flora Forouzesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science, and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ghadirian
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shahriari
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Amin Javidi
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science, and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Retraction: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 Activation Promotes Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274216. [PMID: 36044515 PMCID: PMC9432769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Circulating proteins as predictive and prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:25. [PMID: 35818030 PMCID: PMC9275040 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and among the leading causes of cancer death in women. It is a heterogeneous group of tumours with numerous morphological and molecular subtypes, making predictions of disease evolution and patient outcomes difficult. Therefore, biomarkers are needed to help clinicians choose the best treatment for each patient. For the last years, studies have increasingly focused on biomarkers obtainable by liquid biopsy. Circulating proteins (from serum or plasma) can be used for inexpensive and minimally invasive determination of disease risk, early diagnosis, treatment adjusting, prognostication and disease progression monitoring. We provide here a review of the main published studies on serum proteins in breast cancer and elaborate on the potential of circulating proteins to be predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer.
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Malekan M, Ebrahimzadeh MA. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors [VEGFR] as Target in Breast Cancer Treatment: Current Status in Preclinical and Clinical Studies and Future Directions. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:891-920. [PMID: 35260067 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220308161710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer [BC] is one of the most common cancers among women, one of the leading causes of a considerable number of cancer-related death globally. Among all procedures leading to the formation of breast tumors, angiogenesis has an important role in cancer progression and outcomes. Therefore, various anti-angiogenic strategies have developed so far to enhance treatment's efficacy in different types of BC. Vascular endothelial growth factors [VEGFs] and their receptors are regarded as the most well-known regulators of neovascularization. VEGF binding to vascular endothelial growth factor receptors [VEGFRs] provides cell proliferation and vascular tissue formation by the subsequent tyrosine kinase pathway. VEGF/VEGFR axis displays an attractive target for anti-angiogenesis and anti-cancer drug design. This review aims to describe the existing literature regarding VEGFR inhibitors, focusing on BC treatment reported in the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Malekan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Zarychta E, Ruszkowska-Ciastek B. Cooperation between Angiogenesis, Vasculogenesis, Chemotaxis, and Coagulation in Breast Cancer Metastases Development: Pathophysiological Point of View. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020300. [PMID: 35203510 PMCID: PMC8869468 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in women. Early breast cancer has a relatively good prognosis, in contrast to metastatic disease with rather poor outcomes. Metastasis formation in distant organs is a complex process requiring cooperation of numerous cells, growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Tumor growth, invasion, and finally systemic spread are driven by processes of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, chemotaxis, and coagulation. This review summarizes their role in development of distant metastases in breast cancer, as well as explains the essential processes occurring throughout these actions. Abstract With almost 2.3 million new cases and 685 thousand fatal events in 2020 alone, breast cancer remains one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Despite the increasing prevalence of the disease in recent years, the number of deaths has dropped—this is mostly the result of better diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities, allowing to recognize and treat breast cancer earlier and more efficiently. However, metastatic disease still remains a therapeutic challenge. As mechanisms of tumor spread are being explored, new drugs can be implemented in clinical practice, improving the outcomes in patients with advanced disease. Formation of metastases is a complex process, which involves activation of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, chemotaxis, and coagulation. The actions, which occur during metastatic spread are interrelated and complementary. This review summarizes their importance and mutual connections in formation of secondary tumors in breast cancer.
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Janthamala S, Jusakul A, Kongpetch S, Kimawaha P, Klanrit P, Loilome W, Namwat N, Techasen A. Arctigenin inhibits cholangiocarcinoma progression by regulating cell migration and cell viability via the N-cadherin and apoptosis pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:2049-2059. [PMID: 34283274 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Northeast Thailand has the highest incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in the world. The lack of promising diagnostic markers and appropriate therapeutic drugs is the main problem for metastatic stage CCA patients who have a poor prognosis. N-cadherin, a cell adhesion molecule, is usually upregulated in cancers and has been proposed as an important mediator in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), one of the metastasis processes. Additionally, it has been shown that arctigenin, a seed isolated compound from Arctium lappa, can inhibit cancer cell progression via suppression of N-cadherin pathway. In this study, we investigated the protein expression of N-cadherin and its correlation with clinicopathological data of CCA patients, as well as the impact of arctigenin on KKU-213A and KKU-100 CCA cell lines and its underlying mechanisms. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that high expression of N-cadherin was significantly associated with severe CCA stage (p = 0.027), and shorter survival time (p = 0.002) of CCA patients. The mean overall survival times between low and high expression of N-cadherin were 31.6 and 14.8 months, respectively. Wound healing assays showed that arctigenin significantly inhibited CCA cell migration by downregulating N-cadherin whereas upregulating E-cadherin expression. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that arctigenin suppressed the expression of N-cadherin in both CCA cell lines. Furthermore, flow cytometry and western blot analysis revealed that arctigenin significantly reduced CCA cell viability and induced apoptosis via the Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 pathway. This research supports the use of N-cadherin as a prognostic marker for CCA and arctigenin as a potential alternative therapy for improving CCA treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutthiwan Janthamala
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Apinya Jusakul
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sarinya Kongpetch
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Phongsaran Kimawaha
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Poramate Klanrit
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Mughees M, Samim M, Sharma Y, Wajid S. Identification of protein targets and the mechanism of the cytotoxic action of Ipomoea turpethum extract loaded nanoparticles against breast cancer cells. J Mater Chem B 2020; 7:6048-6063. [PMID: 31549130 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The shortcomings of the currently available anti-breast cancer agents compel the development of the safer targeted drug delivery for the treatment of breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-breast cancer potential of Ipomoea turpethum extract loaded nanoparticles (NIPAAM-VP-AA) against breast cancer, together with the identification of the key proteins responsible for the caused cytotoxicity. For this, we explored the tumor microenvironment for targeted drug delivery and synthesized (temperature and pH responsive) double triggered polymeric nanoparticles by the free radical mechanism and characterized them by DLS and TEM. The extract which emerged as the best extract, i.e. root extract, was loaded on the nanoparticles and the cytotoxicity was evaluated in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) by various cytotoxic assays like MTT assay, CFSE cell proliferation assay, apoptosis assay, cell cycle study and DAPI nuclear staining. The key protein targets responsible for the caused cytotoxicity were identified by nano-LC-MS/MS analysis. The proteome analysis revealed that most of the significantly differentially expressed proteins have a role in proliferation, vesicular trafficking, apoptosis and tumor suppression. Finally, the interaction among the highly differentially expressed proteins was identified by using the STRING online tool, which showed that I. turpethum nanoparticles caused apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 cells by targeting nucleolysin TIAR, serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1 and ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mughees
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India.
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Monteiro CF, Santos SC, Custódio CA, Mano JF. Human Platelet Lysates-Based Hydrogels: A Novel Personalized 3D Platform for Spheroid Invasion Assessment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902398. [PMID: 32274296 PMCID: PMC7141025 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental physiologic and pathologic phenomena such as wound healing and cancer metastasis are typically associated with the migration of cells through adjacent extracellular matrix. In recent years, advances in biomimetic materials have supported the progress in 3D cell culture and provided biomedical tools for the development of models to study spheroid invasiveness. Despite this, the exceptional biochemical and biomechanical properties of human-derived materials are poorly explored. Human methacryloyl platelet lysates (PLMA)-based hydrogels are herein proposed as reliable 3D platforms to sustain in vivo-like cell invasion mechanisms. A systematic analysis of spheroid viability, size, and invasiveness is performed in three biomimetic materials: PLMA hydrogels at three different concentrations, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, and Matrigel. Results demonstrate that PLMA hydrogels perfectly support the recapitulation of the tumor invasion behavior of cancer cell lines (MG-63, SaOS-2, and A549) and human bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cell spheroids. The distinct invasiveness ability of each cell type is reflected in the PLMA hydrogels and, furthermore, different mechanical properties produce an altered invasive behavior. The herein presented human PLMA-based hydrogels could represent an opportunity to develop accurate cell invasiveness models and open up new possibilities for humanized and personalized high-throughput screening and validation of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia F. Monteiro
- Department of ChemistryCICECOUniversity of AveiroCampus Universitário de Santiago3810‐193AveiroPortugal
| | - Sara C. Santos
- Department of ChemistryCICECOUniversity of AveiroCampus Universitário de Santiago3810‐193AveiroPortugal
| | - Catarina A. Custódio
- Department of ChemistryCICECOUniversity of AveiroCampus Universitário de Santiago3810‐193AveiroPortugal
| | - João F. Mano
- Department of ChemistryCICECOUniversity of AveiroCampus Universitário de Santiago3810‐193AveiroPortugal
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Farzaneh Behelgardi M, Zahri S, Gholami Shahvir Z, Mashayekhi F, Mirzanejad L, Asghari SM. Targeting signaling pathways of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 as a potential target in the treatment of breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2061-2071. [PMID: 32072404 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis allows tumor cells to grow and migrate toward the bloodstream and initiate metastasis. The interactions of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) A and B, as the important regulating factors for blood vessel growth, with VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 trigger angiogenesis process. Thus, preventing these interactions led to the effective blockade of VEGF/VEGFRs signaling pathways. In this study, the inhibitory effect of a 23-mer linear peptide (VGB4), which binds to both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, on VEGF-stimulated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and highly metastatic human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 proliferation was examined using MTT assay. To assess the anti-migratory potential of VGB4, HUVECs and also MDA-MB-231 cells wound healing assay was carried out at 48 and 72 h. In addition, downstream signaling pathways of VEGF associated with cell migration and invasion were investigated by quantification of mRNA and protein expression using real-time quantitative PCR and western blot in 4T1 tumor tissues and MDA-MB-231 cells. The results revealed that VGB4 significantly impeded proliferation of HUVECs and MDA-MB-231 cells, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and migration of HUVECs and MDA-MB-231 cells for a prolonged time. We also observed statistically significant reduction of the transcripts and protein levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Paxillin, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), RAS-related C3 botulinum substrate 1 (Rac1), P21-activated kinase-2 (PAK-2) and Cofilin-1 in VGB4-treated 4T1 tumor tissues compared to controls. The protein levels of phospho-VEGFR1, phospho-VEGFR2, Vimentin, β-catenin and Snail were markedly decreased in both VGB4-treated MDA-MB-231 cells and VGB4-treated 4T1 tumor tissues compared to controls as evidenced by western blotting. These results, in addition to our previous studies, confirm that dual blockage of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, due to the inactivation of diverse signaling mediators, effectively suppresses tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saber Zahri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Mashayekhi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Laleh Mirzanejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - S Mohsen Asghari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. .,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Lan L, Cao H, Chi W, Meng W, Zhao L, Cui W, Wang B. Aberrant DNA hypermethylation-silenced LINC00886 gene accelerates malignant progression of laryngeal carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152877. [PMID: 32111441 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial role in formation and progression of tumors. DNA methylation has become increasingly recognized as a frequent event of epigenetic alterations and one of the primary mechanisms of gene inactivation. The research aims to investigate the biofunction of a novel lncRNA in LSCC. METHODS qRT-PCR, BGS, and MSP methods were employed to measure the relative expression level and methylation status of LINC00886. Additionally, we examined the effects of LINC00886 on cells proliferation and invasion using LINC00886 over-expression. Nude mouse xenograft models were conducted to assess LINC00886 effects on LSCC growth in vivo. High-throughput sequencing technology and Western blot assay were carried out to have an in-depth study of the downstream target genes and signaling pathways in which LINC00886 may participate. RESULTS The remarkable downregulation of LINC00886 was observed in tumor tissues and laryngeal cancer cell lines. The significant decrease of LINC00886 was correlated with pathological grade in LSCC tissues. The expression level of LINC00886 in laryngeal cancer cell lines was significantly reversed by 5-Aza-dC. The occurrence of aberrant methylation events in the LINC00886 TSS was more responsible for the down-expression of LINC00886. Over-expression of LINC00886 dramatically mitigated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro as well as suppressed tumor growth in vivo. LINC00886 may be associated with VEGFA/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence of the involvement of LINC00886 in laryngeal carcinoma, which was downregulated due to methylation of the promoter region and served as tumor suppressor genes. LINC00886 is expected to become a novel biomarker in laryngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Lan
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050005, Hebei, China; Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Huan Cao
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050005, Hebei, China
| | - Weiwei Chi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
| | - Wenxia Meng
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050005, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Weina Cui
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050005, Hebei, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050005, Hebei, China.
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Yang B, Cao G, Cai K, Wang G, Li P, Zheng L, Cai H, Zhu Y, Li X, Wu Y. VEGF-Modified PVA/Silicone Nanofibers Enhance Islet Function Transplanted in Subcutaneous Site Followed by Device-Less Procedure. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:587-599. [PMID: 32095072 PMCID: PMC6995297 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s232224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As heterologous islets or islet-like stem cells become optional sources for islet transplantation, the subcutaneous site appears to be an acceptable replacement of the intrahepatic site due to its graft retrievability. The device-less (DL) procedure improves the feasibility; however, some limitations such as fibrotic overgrowth or immunodeficiency still exist. Nanofibers could mimic the extracellular matrix to improve the vitality of transplanted islets. Therefore, we designed a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/silicone nanofiber (SiO2-VEGF) to optimize the DL procedure. METHODS SiO2-VEGF nanofibers were designed by nano-spinning and characterized the physical-chemical properties before subcutaneous islet transplantation. Cell viability, vessel formation, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion were tested in vitro to ensure biocompatibility; and blood glucose level (BGL), transplanted islet function, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related biomarker expression were analyzed in vivo. RESULTS The intensity of inflammatory reaction induced by SiO2 nanofibers was between nylon and silicone, which did not bring out excessive fibrosis. The vascularization could be enhanced by VEGF functionalization both in vitro and in vivo. The BGL control was better in the DL combined with SiO2-VEGF group. The percentage of recipients that achieved normoglycemia was higher and earlier (71% at day 57), and the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) also confirmed better islet function. The expressions of vimentin, α-SMA, and twist-1 were upregulated, which indicated that SiO2-VEGF nanofibers might promote islet function by regulating the EMT pathway. DISCUSSION In summary, our new SiO2-VEGF combined with DL procedure might improve the feasibility of subcutaneous islet transplantation for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province310009, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kailun Cai
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengping Li
- Department of Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haolei Cai
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province310009, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao S, Luo G, Wu H, Zhang L. Placental growth factor gene silencing mitigates the epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition via the p38 MAPK pathway in rats with hyperoxia‑induced lung injury. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4867-4874. [PMID: 31702808 PMCID: PMC6854522 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxia may cause pulmonary fibrosis in neonates and is characterized by the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of alveolar epithelial cells. The placental growth factor (PLGF) gene is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor family and is highly expressed in lung tissues that have been exposed to hyperoxia. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of PLGF in the EMT of lung tissue. Lung tissue exhibiting low PLGF expression was obtained by injecting rats exposed to hyperoxia with a PLGF-silencing lentiviral plasmid. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed that expression levels of the EMT-related protein epithelial-cadherin were increased, whereas its inhibitor protein zinc-finger E-box binding homeobox 2 was decreased in these rats. These data demonstrated that PLGF silencing may significantly mitigate hyperoxia-induced EMT in rat lung tissue. Additionally, an increase in phosphorylated-p38 MAPK protein expression indicated that PLGF may be able to regulate hyperoxia-induced lung injury in rats via the p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning 110003, P.R. China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Hongmin Wu
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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14
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Ma Q, Gu JT, Wang B, Feng J, Yang L, Kang XW, Duan P, Sun X, Liu PJ, Wang JC. PlGF signaling and macrophage repolarization contribute to the anti-neoplastic effect of metformin. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172696. [PMID: 31562866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Placental growth factor (PlGF) related signaling pathway has been shown to have close relationship with the progression of cancers. Metformin has been reported to have an inhibitory effect on PlGF expression in a breast cancer model. However, little is known about whether the anti-neoplastic activity of metformin is contributed by its inhibitory effect on PlGF expression. Protein, mRNA and secretion levels of PlGF were tested and the proliferation of cancer cells was determined. After treatment of metformin, BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 tumors were sacrificed and immunohistochemistry staining of the tumor sections was obtained. Baseline expression of autocrine PlGF varied between different breast cancer cell lines, while the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) was comparable between cell lines. Other clinical data showed that the expression of PlGF other than VEGFR-1 had a prognostic value for patients with breast cancers. Metformin significantly decreased the secretion and mRNA levels of PlGF, which greatly contributed to its inhibitory effect on the proliferation of breast cancer cells with high P1GF expression. The unresponsiveness of tumor cells with low PlGF expression to genetic silencing was reversed by the supplementation of exogenous PlGF. Systemic metformin administration apparently inhibited the in vivo growth of 4T1 carcinoma, which was accompanied by the repolarization of macrophages from M2 to M1. These findings indicated that both autocrine and paracrine PlGF signaling and macrophage repolarization are involved in the progression of breast cancer, which could be targeted by metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- Department of peripheral vascular diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
| | - Jing-Tao Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
| | - Bo Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Kang
- Education Administration Office, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
| | - Peng Duan
- Emergency Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
| | - Pei-Jun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
| | - Ji-Chang Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China; Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, PR China.
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15
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Demark-Wahnefried W, Rogers LQ, Gibson JT, Harada S, Frugé AD, Oster RA, Grizzle WE, Norian LA, Yang ES, Della Manna D, Jones LW, Azrad M, Krontiras H. Randomized trial of weight loss in primary breast cancer: Impact on body composition, circulating biomarkers and tumor characteristics. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2784-2796. [PMID: 31442303 PMCID: PMC7155016 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity adversely impacts overall and cancer‐specific survival among breast cancer patients. Preclinical studies demonstrate negative energy balance inhibits cancer progression; however, feasibility and effects in patients are unknown. A two‐arm, single‐blinded, randomized controlled weight‐loss trial was undertaken presurgery among 32 overweight/obese, Stage 0–II breast cancer patients. The attention control arm (AC) received basic nutritional counseling and upper‐body progressive resistance training whereas the weight loss intervention (WLI) arm received identical guidance, plus counseling on caloric restriction and aerobic exercise to promote 0.68–0.92 kg/week weight loss. Anthropometrics, body composition, blood and survey data were collected at baseline and presurgery ∼30 days later. Tumor markers (e.g., Ki67) and gene expression were assessed on biopsy and surgical specimens; sera were analyzed for cytokines, growth and metabolic factors. Significant WLI vs. AC differences were seen in baseline‐to‐follow‐up changes in weight (−3.62 vs. −0.52 kg), %body fat (−1.3 vs. 0%), moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (+224 vs. +115 min/week), caloric density (−0.3 vs. 0 kcal/g), serum leptin (−12.3 vs. −4.0 ng/dl) and upregulation of tumor PI3Kinase signaling and cell cycle‐apoptosis related genes (CC‐ARG; all p‐values <0.05). Cytolytic CD56dimNK cell expression was positively associated with weight loss; CC‐ARG increased with physical activity. Increased tumor (nuclear) TNFα and IL‐1β, CX3CL1 and CXCL1 gene expression was observed in the WLI. Tumor Ki67 did not differ between arms. Feasibility benchmarks included 80% accrual, 100% retention, no adverse effects and excellent adherence. Short‐term weight loss interventions are feasible; however, mixed effects on tumor biology suggest unclear benefit to presurgical caloric restriction, but possible benefits of physical activity. What's new? Obesity adversely impacts survival among breast cancer patients. Preclinical studies demonstrate negative energy balance inhibits cancer progression; however, effects in patients are unknown. This is the first randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of a pre‐surgical weight loss intervention among early‐stage breast cancer patients. Results show the effects of acute negative energy balance on tumor biology, circulating biomarkers, and quality‐of‐life. Short‐term weight loss interventions are feasible; however, mixed effects on tumor biology suggest unclear benefit to pre‐surgical caloric restriction. Such interventions may be better timed after surgical resection, though cell cycle‐apoptosis and DNA damage‐repair scores support increasing physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Demark-Wahnefried
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at UAB, Birmingham, AL
| | - Laura Q Rogers
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at UAB, Birmingham, AL.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Justin T Gibson
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL
| | - Shuko Harada
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at UAB, Birmingham, AL.,Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Robert A Oster
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - William E Grizzle
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at UAB, Birmingham, AL.,Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL
| | - Lyse A Norian
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at UAB, Birmingham, AL
| | - Eddy S Yang
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at UAB, Birmingham, AL.,Department of Radiation Oncology, UAB, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Lee W Jones
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Maria Azrad
- Department of Human Nutrition, Tuscaloosa, AL
| | - Helen Krontiras
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center at UAB, Birmingham, AL.,Department of Surgery, UAB, Birmingham, AL
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16
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Mir526b and Mir655 Promote Tumour Associated Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070938. [PMID: 31277414 PMCID: PMC6678879 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenously produced RNAs, which regulate growth and development, and oncogenic miRNA regulate tumor growth and metastasis. Tumour-associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are processes involving the release of growth factors from tumour cells into the microenvioronemnt to communicate with endothelial cells to induce vascular propagation. Here, we examined the roles of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 induced miR526b and miR655 in tumour-associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Ectopic overexpression of miR526b and miR655 in poorly metastatic estrogen receptor (ER) positive MCF7 breast cancer cells resulted in upregulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis markers vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA); VEGFC; VEGFD; COX-2; lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE1); and receptors VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and EP4. Further, miRNA-high cell free conditioned media promoted migration and tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and upregulated VEGFR1,VEGFR2, and EP4 expression, showing paracrine stimulation of miRNA in the tumor microenvironment. The miRNA-induced migration and tube formation phenotypes were abrogated with EP4 antagonist or PI3K/Akt inhibitor treatments, confirming the involvement of the EP4 and PI3K/Akt pathway. Tumour supressor gene PTEN was found to be downregulated in miRNA high cells, confirming that it is a target of both miRNAs. PTEN inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1α) and the PI3K/Akt pathway, and loss of regulation of these pathways through PTEN results in upregulation of VEGF expression. Moreover, in breast tumors, angiogenesis marker VEGFA and lymphangiogenesis marker VEGFD expression was found to be significantly higher compared with non-adjacent control, and expression of miR526b and miR655 was positively correlated with VEGFA,VEGFC,VEGFD,CD31, and LYVE1 expression in breast tumour samples. These findings further strengthen the role of miRNAs as breast cancer biomarkers and EP4 as a potential therapeutic target to abrogate miRNA-induced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in breast cancer.
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17
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Singh S, Chakrabarti R. Consequences of EMT-Driven Changes in the Immune Microenvironment of Breast Cancer and Therapeutic Response of Cancer Cells. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050642. [PMID: 31075939 PMCID: PMC6572359 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process through which epithelial cells lose their epithelial characteristics and cell–cell contact, thus increasing their invasive potential. In addition to its well-known roles in embryonic development, wound healing, and regeneration, EMT plays an important role in tumor progression and metastatic invasion. In breast cancer, EMT both increases the migratory capacity and invasive potential of tumor cells, and initiates protumorigenic alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In particular, recent evidence has linked increased expression of EMT markers such as TWIST1 and MMPs in breast tumors with increased immune infiltration in the TME. These immune cells then provide cues that promote immune evasion by tumor cells, which is associated with enhanced tumor progression and metastasis. In the current review, we will summarize the current knowledge of the role of EMT in the biology of different subtypes of breast cancer. We will further explore the correlation between genetic switches leading to EMT and EMT-induced alterations within the TME that drive tumor growth and metastasis, as well as their possible effect on therapeutic response in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snahlata Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Rumela Chakrabarti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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18
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Sadremomtaz A, Kobarfard F, Mansouri K, Mirzanejad L, Asghari SM. Suppression of migratory and metastatic pathways via blocking VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 38:432-441. [PMID: 30929546 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1567785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A and B are endothelial cell mitogens whose ligation to VEGFR1/VEGFR2 drives tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Blockade of these signaling axes could be obtained by disturbing the interactions between VEGFA and/or VEGFB with VEGFR1 and/or VEGFR2. METHODS A 14-mer peptide (VGB) that recognizes both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 were investigated for its inhibitory effects on the VEGF-induced proliferation and migration using MTT and scratch assay, respectively. Downstream signaling pathways were also assessed by quantitative estimation of gene and protein expression using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS We investigated the inhibitory effects of VGB on downstream mediators of metastasis, including epithelial-cadherin (E-cadherin), matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), cancer myelocytomatosis (c-Myc), and nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κβ), and migration, comprising focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its substrate Paxilin. VGB inhibited the VEGF-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), 4T1 and U87 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner and migration of HUVECs. Based on IHC analyses, treatment of 4T1 mammary carcinoma tumor with VGB led to the suppression of p-AKT, p-ERK1/2, MMP-9, NF-κβ, and activation of E-cadherin compared with PBS-treated controls. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR analyses of VGB-treated tumors revealed the reduced expression level of FAK, Paxilin, NF-κβ, MMP-9, c-Myc, and increased expression level of E-cadherin compared to PBS-treated controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that simultaneous blockade of VEGFR1/VEGFR2 is an effective strategy to fight solid tumors by targeting a wider range of mediators involved in tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Sadremomtaz
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Guilan , Rasht , Iran
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- b Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- c Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Laleh Mirzanejad
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Guilan , Rasht , Iran
| | - S Mohsen Asghari
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Guilan , Rasht , Iran
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19
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Mrozik KM, Blaschuk OW, Cheong CM, Zannettino ACW, Vandyke K. N-cadherin in cancer metastasis, its emerging role in haematological malignancies and potential as a therapeutic target in cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:939. [PMID: 30285678 PMCID: PMC6167798 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In many types of solid tumours, the aberrant expression of the cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin is a hallmark of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, resulting in the acquisition of an aggressive tumour phenotype. This transition endows tumour cells with the capacity to escape from the confines of the primary tumour and metastasise to secondary sites. In this review, we will discuss how N-cadherin actively promotes the metastatic behaviour of tumour cells, including its involvement in critical signalling pathways which mediate these events. In addition, we will explore the emerging role of N-cadherin in haematological malignancies, including bone marrow homing and microenvironmental protection to anti-cancer agents. Finally, we will discuss the evidence that N-cadherin may be a viable therapeutic target to inhibit cancer metastasis and increase tumour cell sensitivity to existing anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Marek Mrozik
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Chee Man Cheong
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew Christopher William Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. .,Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
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20
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Carrascal MA, Silva M, Ramalho JS, Pen C, Martins M, Pascoal C, Amaral C, Serrano I, Oliveira MJ, Sackstein R, Videira PA. Inhibition of fucosylation in human invasive ductal carcinoma reduces E-selectin ligand expression, cell proliferation, and ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK activation. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:579-593. [PMID: 29215790 PMCID: PMC5928367 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer tissue overexpresses fucosylated glycans, such as sialyl-Lewis X/A (sLeX/A ), and α-1,3/4-fucosyltransferases (FUTs) in relation to increased disease progression and metastasis. These glycans in tumor circulating cells mediate binding to vascular E-selectin, initiating tumor extravasation. However, their role in breast carcinogenesis is still unknown. Here, we aimed to define the contribution of the fucosylated structures, including sLeX/A , to cell adhesion, cell signaling, and cell proliferation in invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC), the most frequent type of breast cancer. We first analyzed expression of E-selectin ligands in IDC tissue and established primary cell cultures from the tissue. We observed strong reactivity with E-selectin and anti-sLeX/A antibodies in both IDC tissue and cell lines, and expression of α-1,3/4 FUTs FUT4, FUT5, FUT6, FUT10, and FUT11. To further assess the role of fucosylation in IDC biology, we immortalized a primary IDC cell line with human telomerase reverse transcriptase to create the 'CF1_T cell line'. Treatment with 2-fluorofucose (2-FF), a fucosylation inhibitor, completely abrogated its sLeX/A expression and dramatically reduced adherence of CF1_T cells to E-selectin under hemodynamic flow conditions. In addition, 2-FF-treated CF1_T cells showed a reduced migratory ability, as well as decreased cell proliferation rate. Notably, 2-FF treatment lowered the growth factor expression of CF1_T cells, prominently for FGF2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta, and negatively affected activation of signal-regulating protein kinases 1 and 2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. These data indicate that fucosylation licenses several malignant features of IDC, such as cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and growth factor expression, contributing to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène A. Carrascal
- UCIBIODepartamento Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de LisboaPortugal
- CEDOCChronic Diseases Research CenterNOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências MédicasUniversidade Nova de LisboaPortugal
| | - Mariana Silva
- CEDOCChronic Diseases Research CenterNOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências MédicasUniversidade Nova de LisboaPortugal
- Departments of Dermatology and MedicineBrigham & Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolProgram of Excellence in GlycosciencesBostonMAUSA
| | - José S. Ramalho
- CEDOCChronic Diseases Research CenterNOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências MédicasUniversidade Nova de LisboaPortugal
| | - Cláudia Pen
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa CentralEPE – Serviço de Anatomia PatológicaLisbonPortugal
| | - Manuela Martins
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa CentralEPE – Serviço de Anatomia PatológicaLisbonPortugal
| | - Carlota Pascoal
- UCIBIODepartamento Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de LisboaPortugal
| | - Constança Amaral
- UCIBIODepartamento Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de LisboaPortugal
| | | | - Maria José Oliveira
- New Therapies GroupINEB‐Institute for Biomedical EngineeringPortoPortugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortugal
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Departments of Dermatology and MedicineBrigham & Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolProgram of Excellence in GlycosciencesBostonMAUSA
| | - Paula A. Videira
- UCIBIODepartamento Ciências da VidaFaculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaUniversidade Nova de LisboaPortugal
- CEDOCChronic Diseases Research CenterNOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências MédicasUniversidade Nova de LisboaPortugal
- CDG & Allies – PPAIN Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation Professionals and Patient Associations International NetworkCaparicaPortugal
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21
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Li H, Jin Y, Hu Y, Jiang L, Liu F, Zhang Y, Hao Y, Chen S, Wu X, Liu Y. The PLGF/c-MYC/miR-19a axis promotes metastasis and stemness in gallbladder cancer. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1532-1544. [PMID: 29575299 PMCID: PMC5980328 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignant tumor of the biliary tract system. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a vital role in the process of tumor metastasis. Mesenchymal-like cells can serve as a source of cancer stem cells, which can confer the EMT phenotype. Placental growth factor (PLGF) belongs to the vascular endothelial growth factor family and plays a vital role in cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms about the influence of PLGF on EMT in GBC remain unknown. Here we show that PLGF expression levels were higher in GBC tissues than in normal adjacent tissues and were associated with poor prognosis in GBC patients. Exogenous PLGF enhanced the migration, invasion, and tumorsphere formation of GBC cells. Conversely, knockdown of PLGF decreased the aggressive phenotype of GBC cells. Mechanistically, exogenous PLGF upregulated microRNA-19a (miR-19a) expression through the activation of c-MYC. Moreover, Spearman's correlation analysis showed a positive pairwise correlation among PLGF, c-MYC, and miR-19a expression in GBC tissues. Taken together, these results suggest that PLGF promotes EMT and tumorsphere formation through inducing miR-19a expression by upregulating c-MYC. Thus, PLGF could be a promising molecular therapeutic target for GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaifeng Li
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunpeng Jin
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fatao Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajuan Hao
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shili Chen
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangsong Wu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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22
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Zhang Y, Zhao L, Wang L, Yang X, Zhou A, Wang J. Placental growth factor promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like changes in ARPE-19 cells under hypoxia. Mol Vis 2018; 24:340-352. [PMID: 29769799 PMCID: PMC5937674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of placental growth factor (PGF) in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ARPE-19 cells under hypoxia, and whether the NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in this process. Methods ARPE-19 cells were treated in five groups: a control group, hypoxia group, PGF group, hypoxia+PGF group, and NF-κB-blocked group. A chemical hypoxia model was established in the ARPE-19 cells by adding CoCl2 to the culture medium. The morphological changes after treatment were observed. The proliferation rates were measured with 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The migration abilities were measured with scratch assay. The EMT biomarkers were measured with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescence. The relative protein expression of components of the NF-κB signaling pathway was measured with western blotting and immunofluorescence. Results Cells treated with PGF under hypoxia exhibited morphological changes consistent with the transition from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype. In the ARPE-19 cells, exogenous PGF under hypoxia increased the proliferation rate compared to the rate under hypoxia alone (p<0.05) and increased the migration rate (p<0.05). Treatment of hypoxia-exposed cells with PGF caused decreased expression of the epithelial biomarkers E-cadherin and ZO-1 (both p<0.05) and increased expression of the mesenchymal marker α-SMA (p<0.05) by enhancing the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 of the total protein, promoting the translocation of p65 to the nucleus, and inducing the degradation of IκB-α (a negative regulator of the NF-κB pathway) in the ARPE-19 cells. Additionally, the effect of PGF-induced EMT in the ARPE-19 cells under hypoxia was counteracted with BAY 11-7082 (a selective NF-κB inhibitor). Conclusions Exogenous PGF promotes EMT-like changes in ARPE-19 cells under hypoxia by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. The study results suggest that PGF may play a role in scar formation in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and that the inhibition of PGF may be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of AMD.
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Butti R, Das S, Gunasekaran VP, Yadav AS, Kumar D, Kundu GC. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in breast cancer: signaling, therapeutic implications and challenges. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:34. [PMID: 29455658 PMCID: PMC5817867 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease and driven by aberrant regulation of cell signaling pathways due to the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic changes. An array of growth factors and their receptors is involved in cancer development and metastasis. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) constitute a class of receptors that play important role in cancer progression. RTKs are cell surface receptors with specialized structural and biological features which respond to environmental cues by initiating appropriate signaling cascades in tumor cells. RTKs are known to regulate various downstream signaling pathways such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT. These pathways have a pivotal role in the regulation of cancer stemness, angiogenesis and metastasis. These pathways are also imperative for a reciprocal interaction of tumor and stromal cells. Multi-faceted role of RTKs renders them amenable to therapy in breast cancer. However, structural mutations, gene amplification and alternate pathway activation pose challenges to anti-RTK therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Butti
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Sumit Das
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Vinoth Prasanna Gunasekaran
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Amit Singh Yadav
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA
| | - Gopal C Kundu
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, 411007, India.
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24
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Jia L, Liu W, Cao B, Li H, Yin C. MiR-507 inhibits the migration and invasion of human breastcancer cells through Flt-1 suppression. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36743-36754. [PMID: 27167339 PMCID: PMC5095036 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1/fms-related tyrosine kinase-1 (VEGFR-1/Flt-1) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that binds placental growth factor (PlGF). Flt-1 is also highly expressed in breast-cancer tissues and breast-cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanism by which Flt-1 promotes breast-cancer invasion and metastasis by binding to PlGF-1 is unclear. In this study, we discovered that PlGF-1 and Flt-1 played a key role in the migration and invasion of breast cancer. Flt-1 promoted the migration and chemotaxis of breast-cancer cells by binding to PlGF-1. In addition, Flt-1 was confirmed to be a direct target gene of miR-507. miR-507 up-regulation inhibited the invasion and metastasis of breast-cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Flt-1 overexpression rescued the invasion partially caused by the ectopic expression of miR-507. miR-507 expression in breast-cancer tissues and cell lines was lower than that in adjacent non-neoplastic tissues and normal cells. Clinical analysis indicated that miR-507 was negatively correlated with tumor differentiation, lymphatic metastasis, and the expression of Flt-1 in breast cancer. Furthermore, we showed that miR-507 down-regulation was due to the hypermethylation of its promotor region. Our results indicated that miR-507 represented potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer by modulating Flt-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Jia
- Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Medicine Research Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Chonggao Yin
- College of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
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25
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Liu Q, Yin T, Wang G, Guo F, Ou Y, Li Y, Wang Y. Vascular endothelial growth receptor 1 acts as a stress-associated protein in the therapeutic response to thalidomide. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4263-4271. [PMID: 29075340 PMCID: PMC5647747 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalidomide (THD) exhibits antitumor effects in several types of cancer. However, the failure of THD to inhibit tumor growth has also been observed in a number of murine models in vivo. The mechanism involved in the therapeutic failure of THD remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that, accompanied by growth-arresting and apoptosis-inducing effects (P<0.05), THD upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) expression levels in CT26 murine colorectal carcinoma cell lines. This in vitro phenomenon was also observed in various other cell lines, including human umbilical vein endothelial cells, SW480, SW620 and HCT116. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were increased compared with those in the untreated control when cells were exposed to THD (P<0.05). Furthermore, results suggested that ROS suppression may have provoked the induction of VEGFR1 expression to some extent. In addition, the results revealed that THD failed to inhibit CT26 tumor growth in vivo and the expression of VEGFR1 protein was elevated by THD treatment compared with the control group in the murine colorectal tumor model (P<0.05). The results of further experiments suggested that VEGFR1 was elevated in response to various stress-associated situations, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and thermotherapy, which indicate that it may act as a stress-associated protein. The present findings provide a foundation for the future study of VEGFR1-targeted therapy to enhance the efficacy of current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Fuchun Guo
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Ou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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26
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Wang Z, Chen J, Zhang W, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Liu L, Wu H, Ye J, Zhang W, Qi B, Wu Y, Song X. Axon guidance molecule semaphorin3A is a novel tumor suppressor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:6048-62. [PMID: 26755661 PMCID: PMC4868739 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin3A (SEMA3A), an axon guidance molecule in the nervous system, plays an inhibitory role in oncogenesis. Here, we investigated the expression pattern and biological roles of SEMA3A in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by gain-of-function assays using adenovirus transfection and recombinant human SEMA3A protein. In addition, we explored the therapeutic efficacy of SEMA3A against HNSCC in vivo. We found that lower expression of SEMA3A correlated with shorter overall survival and had independent prognostic importance in patients with HNSCC. Both genetic and recombinant SEMA3A protein inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation and induced apoptosis, accompanied by decreased cyclin E, cyclin D, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 and increased P21, P27, activated caspase-5 and caspase-7. Moreover, over-expression of SEMA3A suppressed migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition due in part to the inhibition of NF-κB and SNAI2 in HNSCC cell lines. Furthermore, intratumoral SEMA3A delivery significantly stagnated tumor growth in a xenograft model. Taken together, our results indicate that SEMA3A serves as a tumor suppressor during HNSCC tumorigenesis and a new target for the treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zilu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Laikui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Heming Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jinhai Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Bing Qi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yunong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
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27
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Fleisher B, Clarke C, Ait-Oudhia S. Current advances in biomarkers for targeted therapy in triple-negative breast cancer. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2016; 8:183-197. [PMID: 27785100 PMCID: PMC5063595 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s114659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a complex heterogeneous disease characterized by the absence of three hallmark receptors: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor. Compared to other breast cancer subtypes, TNBC is more aggressive, has a higher prevalence in African-Americans, and more frequently affects younger patients. Currently, TNBC lacks clinically accepted targets for tailored therapy, warranting the need for candidate biomarkers. BiomarkerBase, an online platform used to find biomarkers reported in clinical trials, was utilized to screen all potential biomarkers for TNBC and select only the ones registered in completed TNBC trials through clinicaltrials.gov. The selected candidate biomarkers were classified as surrogate, prognostic, predictive, or pharmacodynamic (PD) and organized by location in the blood, on the cell surface, in the cytoplasm, or in the nucleus. Blood biomarkers include vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and interleukin-8 (IL-8); cell surface biomarkers include EGFR, insulin-like growth factor binding protein, c-Kit, c-Met, and PD-L1; cytoplasm biomarkers include PIK3CA, pAKT/S6/p4E-BP1, PTEN, ALDH1, and the PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR-related metabolites; and nucleus biomarkers include BRCA1, the gluco-corticoid receptor, TP53, and Ki67. Candidate biomarkers were further organized into a "cellular protein network" that demonstrates potential connectivity. This review provides an inventory and reference point for promising biomarkers for breakthrough targeted therapies in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Fleisher
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - Charlotte Clarke
- Department of Translational Research, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sihem Ait-Oudhia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL
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28
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Liu T, Hu K, Zhao Z, Chen G, Ou X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Wei X, Wang D, Cui M, Liu C. MicroRNA-1 down-regulates proliferation and migration of breast cancer stem cells by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41638-49. [PMID: 26497855 PMCID: PMC4747178 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the miRNA profiles of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) and non-CSC tumor cells by miRNA microarray and determined the effect of altered miR-1 expression on proliferation and migration of breast CSCs. The potential targets of miR-1 in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling were characterized by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assay. We found that 14 miRNAs were up-regulated and 13 were down-regulated in the ESA+CD44+CD24−lineage− CSCs, related to ESA+CD44−CD24+lineage− non-CSC tumor cells. The miR-1 expression was associated inversely with aggressiveness of breast cancers. Furthermore, enhanced miR-1 expression decreased the percentages of SKBR3/CSCs and miR-1 inhibition increased the percentages of MCF-7/CSCs. Enhanced miR-1 expression significantly reduced the Frizzled 7 and Tankyrase-2 (TNKS2)-regulated luciferase activity in 293T cells and decreased Frizzled 7, TNKS2, c-Myc, octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) and Nanog expression and the ratios of nuclear to cytoplasmic β-catenin as well as β-catenin-dependent luciferase activity in breast CSCs in vitro. miR-1 inhibited proliferation, migration and wound healing of breast CSCs in vitro. Enhanced miR-1 expression inhibited the growth of implanted MCF-7/CSCs while miR-1 inhibition promoted the growth of implanted MCF-7/CSCs in vivo. Our data indicate that miR-1 down-regulates breast CSC stemness, proliferation and migration by targeting the Frizzled 7 and TNKS2 to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China 150000
| | - Kebang Hu
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China 130021
| | - Zuowei Zhao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Breast Disease and Reconstruction Center, Breast Cancer Key Lab of Dalian, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China 114006
| | - Guanglei Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Breast Disease and Reconstruction Center, Breast Cancer Key Lab of Dalian, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China 114006
| | - Xunyan Ou
- Department of Breast Cancer, Breast Disease and Reconstruction Center, Breast Cancer Key Lab of Dalian, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China 114006
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Breast Disease and Reconstruction Center, Breast Cancer Key Lab of Dalian, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China 114006
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Breast Disease and Reconstruction Center, Breast Cancer Key Lab of Dalian, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China 114006
| | - Xiaofei Wei
- Department of Breast Cancer, Breast Disease and Reconstruction Center, Breast Cancer Key Lab of Dalian, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China 114006
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Breast Disease and Reconstruction Center, Breast Cancer Key Lab of Dalian, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China 114006
| | - Meizi Cui
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China 130021
| | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer, Breast Disease and Reconstruction Center, Breast Cancer Key Lab of Dalian, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China 114006
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Biological Effect of a Hybrid Anticancer Agent Based on Kinase and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on Triple-Negative (MDA-MB231) Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081235. [PMID: 27483253 PMCID: PMC5000633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) combined with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1/2 inhibitor (3Z)-5-hydroxy-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-2-one on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (triple-negative) in the form of both a cocktail of the separate compounds and a chemically synthesized hybrid (N-hydroxy-N'-[(3Z)-2-oxo-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-5-yl]octanediamide). Comparative flow cytometric and Western blot analyses were performed on cocktail- and hybrid-treated cells to evaluate cell cycle distribution, autophagy/apoptosis modulation, and mitochondrial metabolic state in order to understand the cellular basis of the cytotoxic effect. Cell cycle analysis showed a perturbation of the rate of progression through the cycle, with aspects of redistribution of cells over different cycle phases for the two treatments. In addition, the results suggest that the two distinct classes of compounds under investigation could induce cell death by different preferential pathways, i.e., autophagy inhibition (the cocktail) or apoptosis promotion (the hybrid), thus confirming the enhanced potential of the hybrid approach vs. the combination approach in finely tuning the biological activities of target cells and also showing the hybrid compound as an additional promising drug-like molecule for the prevention or therapy of “aggressive” breast carcinoma.
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Park HJ, Kim MK, Choi KS, Jeong JW, Bae SK, Kim HJ, Bae MK. Neuromedin B receptor antagonism inhibits migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:934-42. [PMID: 27571778 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromedin B (NMB) acts as an autocrine growth factor and a pro-angiogenic factor. Its receptor, NMB receptor (NMB-R), is overexpressed in solid tumors. In the present study, we showed that an NMB-R antagonist, PD168368, suppresses migration and invasion of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. In addition, PD168368 reduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells by E-cadherin upregulation and vimentin downregulation. Moreover, we found that PD168368 potently inhibits in vivo metastasis of breast cancer. Taken together, these findings suggest that NMB-R antagonism may be an alternative approach to prevent breast cancer metastasis, and targeting NMB-R may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sil Choi
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 136‑710, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Jeong
- School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Bae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Kyoung Bae
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
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Lebok P, Huber J, Burandt EC, Lebeau A, Marx AH, Terracciano L, Heilenkötter U, Jänicke F, Müller V, Paluchowski P, Geist S, Wilke C, Simon R, Sauter G, Quaas A. Loss of membranous VEGFR1 expression is associated with an adverse phenotype and shortened survival in breast cancer. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1443-50. [PMID: 27357606 PMCID: PMC4940099 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a key process in tumor growth and progression, which is controlled by vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs). In order to better understand the prevalence and prognostic value of VEGFR1 expression in breast cancer, a tissue microarray containing >2,100 breast cancer specimens, with clinical follow‑up data, was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using an antibody directed against the membrane‑bound full‑length receptor protein. The results demonstrated that membranous VEGFR1 staining was detected in all (5 of 5) normal breast specimens. In carcinoma specimens, membranous staining was negative in 3.1%, weak in 6.3%, moderate in 10.9%, and strong in 79.7% of the 1,630 interpretable tissues. Strong staining was significantly associated with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression, but was inversely associated with advanced tumor stage (P=0.0431), high Bloom-Richardson-Ellis Score for Breast Cancer grade and low Ki67 labeling index (both P<0.0001). Cancers with moderate to strong (high) VEGFR1 expression were associated with significantly improved overall survival, as compared with tumors exhibiting negative or weak (low) expression (P=0.0015). This association was also detected in the subset of nodal‑positive cancers (P=0.0018), and in the subset of 185 patients who had received tamoxifen as the sole therapy (P=0.001). In conclusion, these data indicated that membrane‑bound VEGFR1 is frequently expressed in normal and cancerous breast epithelium. In addition, reduced or lost VEGFR1 expression may serve as a marker for poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer, who might not optimally benefit from endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg‑Eppendorf, D‑20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Huber
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg‑Eppendorf, D‑20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike-Christian Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg‑Eppendorf, D‑20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annette Lebeau
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg‑Eppendorf, D‑20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Holger Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg‑Eppendorf, D‑20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Heilenkötter
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital Itzehoe, D-25524 Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Fritz Jänicke
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital Pinneberg, D-25421 Pinneberg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital Pinneberg, D-25421 Pinneberg, Germany
| | - Peter Paluchowski
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Hamburg‑Eppendorf, D‑20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Geist
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Hamburg‑Eppendorf, D‑20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wilke
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital Elmshorn, D-25337 Elmshorn, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg‑Eppendorf, D‑20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg‑Eppendorf, D‑20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute for Pathology, University of Cologne, D‑50937 Cologne, Germany
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Zhang L, Zhao S, Yuan L, Wu H, Jiang H, Luo G. Placental Growth Factor Triggers Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-like Changes in Rat Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells: Activation of Nuclear Factor κB Signalling Pathway. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:498-504. [PMID: 27154788 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Neonatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics; Shenyang Fourth People's Hospital; Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Lijie Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Harbin Medical University (Daqing Campus); Daqing Heilongjiang China
| | - Hongmin Wu
- Department of Neonatology; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Pediatrics; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang Liaoning China
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Liu SY, Shun CT, Hung KY, Juan HF, Hsu CL, Huang MC, Lai IR. Mucin glycosylating enzyme GALNT2 suppresses malignancy in gastric adenocarcinoma by reducing MET phosphorylation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:11251-62. [PMID: 26848976 PMCID: PMC4905470 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation affects malignancy in cancer. Here, we report that N- acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (GALNT2), an enzyme that mediates the initial step of mucin type-O glycosylation, suppresses malignant phenotypes in gastric adenocarcinoma (GCA) by modifying MET (Hepatocyte growth factor receptor) activity. GALNT2 mRNA and protein were downregulated in GCAs, and this reduction was associated with more advanced disease stage and shorter recurrence-free survival. Suppressing GALNT2 expression in GCA cells increased cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro, and tumor metastasis in vivo. GALNT2 knockdown enhanced phosphorylation of MET and decreased expression of the Tn antigen on MET. Inhibiting MET activity with PHA665752 decreased the malignant phenotypes caused by GALNT2 knockdown in GCA cells. Our results indicate that GALNT2 suppresses the malignant potential of GCA cells and provide novel insights into the significance of O-glycosylation in MET activity and GCA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yun Liu
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Rue Lai
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhou D, Zhang M, Xu P, Yu Y, Ye G, Zhang L, Wu A. Expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor is associated with a good prognosis and is correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:116-124. [PMID: 26870178 PMCID: PMC4727170 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a pivotal event in the progression of cancer towards metastasis. Given that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) inhibits angiogenesis, the present study analyzed whether PEDF expression is associated with EMT and prognosis in invasive ductal breast cancer (IDC). Immunohistochemical analysis was used to examine the expression levels of PEDF, E-cadherin, vimentin, Snail and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in 119 cases of IDC. Correlations between PEDF expression and EMT-related genes, and clinicopathological features and clinical prognosis were analyzed. E-cadherin, vimentin, Snail and NF-κB expression was correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological stage. PEDF expression was closely associated with tumor size. Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between PEDF and E-cadherin, vimentin, Snail and NF-κB expression (P<0.05). Additionally, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that the five-year survival rate was higher for patients with PEDF- and E-cadherin-positive tumors, but was lower for those with vimentin-, Snail- and NF-κB-positive tumors. Vimentin, E-cadherin and NF-κB levels were dependent prognostic factors of favorable outcomes in IDC, as determined by Cox multivariate analysis. PEDF expression in breast cancer was significantly associated with EMT-related genes, suggesting that it may be an EMT suppressor. However, its potential as a prognostic indicator in breast cancer warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China; Department of Breast Surgery, Foshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528100, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Guolin Ye
- Department of Breast Surgery, Foshan Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528100, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
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Shi J, Liu F, Zhang W, Liu X, Lin B, Tang X. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits nicotine-induced migration and invasion by the suppression of angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2972-80. [PMID: 25845434 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea extract, has been found to have anticancer activities in various types of cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms are not completely clear. In the present study, the effects of EGCG on migration, invasion, angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by nicotine in A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells were investigated, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were preliminarily examined. The results showed that different concentrations of EGCG significantly inhibited nicotine-induced migration and invasion. Moreover, EGCG reversed the upregulation of HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), COX-2, p-Akt, p-ERK and vimentin protein levels and the downregulation of p53 and β-catenin protein levels mediated by nicotine in A549 cells, but had no significant effect on their mRNA levels. Furthermore, EGCG markedly inhibited HIF-1α-dependent angiogenesis induced by nicotine in vitro and in vivo, and suppressed HIF-1α and VEGF protein expression induced by nicotine in A549 xenografts of nude mice. Taken together, the results indicated that EGCG inhibited nicotine-induced angiogenesis and EMT, leading to migration and invasion in A549 cells. The results of the present study suggested that EGCG can be developed into a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of smoking-associated NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Shi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhang Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Bihua Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
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Yan JD, Liu Y, Zhang ZY, Liu GY, Xu JH, Liu LY, Hu YM. Expression and prognostic significance of VEGFR-2 in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:539-43. [PMID: 25976977 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in the world. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) was not only found to play a key role in the development of tumor angiogenesis, but has also been located in tumor cells of a variety of tumors. This study investigated the expression pattern of VEGFR-2 in breast cancer tissue specimens in order to evaluate the role of VEGFR-2 in the prognosis of breast cancer. Expression and localization of VEGFR-2 in tumor cells of breast cancer specimens from 98 invasive breast cancer patients were determined by immunohistochemistry. The relationships between VEGFR-2 expression and clinicopathological features were also analyzed. The results showed that VEGFR-2 expression correlated positively with lymph node (LN) metastasis of breast cancer. Patients with high expression of VEGFR-2 had a significantly worse OS. It was also observed that the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker, including Twist1 and Vimentin, was higher in the tumors with higher VEGFR-2 expression, while the E-cadherin expression was lower in the same tumors, suggesting that VEGFR-2 may serve as a possible mediator of EMT in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Dong Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- High-Throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China.
| | - Guang-Yin Liu
- Department of Mammary Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jin-Heng Xu
- Department of Pathology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Li-Yun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yue-Ming Hu
- Department of Pathology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
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Huang W, Zhu S, Liu Q, Li C, Li L. Placenta growth factor promotes migration through regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related protein expression in cervical cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:8506-8519. [PMID: 25674215 PMCID: PMC4314041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis by enabling cancer cells to depart from the primary tumor, invade surrounding tissue and disseminate to distant organs. The existence and function of EMT in cervical cancer is poorly understood. Placental growth factor (PLGF) has been shown to associate with EMT in various cancers. However, whether PLGF is involved in EMT in cervical cancer remains unclear. Thus the present study examined the relationship between PLGF expression and EMT-related proteins in 110 cervical lesions samples. We detected that PLGF was expressed in 61.8% cervical lesion sections. In addition, PLGF expression is positively correlated with low expression level of E-cadherin and high expression level of vimentin. Serum samples and cervical lavage samples were collected from patients with pre-invasive and invasive lesion of uterine cervix or normal control group, the PLGF levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that a significantly high level of PLGF could be detected both in serum and vaginal lavage compared with normal women group, and there is no significant difference between serum and lavage in PLGF level. In addition, whatever in lavage or in serum, the PLGF level in stage I and II was significantly higher than it in CINIII or cancer in situ. However, there is no significant difference between the stage I and stage II; we also found that exogenous PLGF promotes molecular changes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in siha cells. In addition, application of a specific EKR1/2 inhibitor could reverse the effects of PLGF. These findings suggested that PLGF could regulate the expression of EMT-related proteins and promote migration of siha cells through ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Therapies that targets PLGF/Flt-1/ERK/MAPK signaling pathway may be beneficial in treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Da Ping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (TMMU) Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Shuli Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Da Ping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (TMMU) Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Da Ping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (TMMU) Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chanyu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Da Ping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (TMMU) Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Da Ping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (TMMU) Chongqing, P. R. China
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Lack of evidence for PlGF mediating the tumor resistance after anti-angiogenic therapy in malignant gliomas. J Neurooncol 2014; 121:269-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Prognostic significance of VEGFR1/Flt-1 immunoexpression in colorectal carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9045-51. [PMID: 24908415 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Vascular endothelial growth factor 1/Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (VEGFR1/Flt-1) regulates monocyte migration, recruits endothelial cell progenitors, increases the adhesive properties of natural killer cells and induces of growth factors. Flt-1 is expressed on tumour cells and has been implicated in tumour growth and progression. The objective of this study is to address the relation of Flt-1 expression to tumour prognostication. Paraffin blocks from 143 primary CRC and 48 regional nodal metastases were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Pathology at King Abdulaziz University. Tissue microarrays were designed and constructed. Immunohistochemistry for Flt-1 was performed. Staining intensity and extent of staining were assessed and combined. Results were dichotomised as low expression and high expression. Flt-1 was overexpressed in primary tumours and nodal metastasis (p < 0.001 and 0.001) with no difference between primary and nodal metastasis (p = 0.690). Flt-1 immunoexpression was not associated with the clinicopathological parameters. Flt-1 overexpression was an independent predictor of positive margin status, positive lymphovascular invasion and local disease recurrence (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). Flt-1 was not associated with survival (log-rank = 0.003, p = 0.959). Flt-1 was overexpressed in primary CRC and their nodal metastases. Flt-1 expression was an independent predictor of margin status, lymphovascular invasion and local disease recurrence. Therefore, expression profiling of Flt-1 seems to have a prognostic potential in CRC. However, to elucidate the association of overexpression of Flt-1 with tumour characteristics and prognostication, more in vivo and in vitro molecular investigations are recommended.
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Shah CH, Viktorsson K, Kanter L, Sherif A, Asmundsson J, Rosenblatt R, Lewensohn R, Ullén A. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, but not S100A4 or S100A6, correlates with prolonged survival in advanced urothelial carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2014; 32:1215-24. [PMID: 24880461 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A major challenge in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) is to identify biomarkers that can predict disease prognosis and treatment response after cystectomy. Therefore, we analyzed the potential prognostic value of the proteins vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), S100A4, and S100A6 in UC. METHODS Retrospective outcome data and tumor specimens from 83 cystectomy patients with histologically confirmed invasive UC were included. Expression levels of VEGFR2 (also called flk-1 and KDR), S100A4, and S100A6 were analyzed in primary tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining and analysis of VEGFR2, S100A4, and S100A6 showed localization mainly in tumor cell cytoplasm. High VEGFR2 expression and low tumor category were independent variables associated with longer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival, revealed by a bivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model (both P<0.001). In addition, the univariate log-rank test and the Cox model demonstrated that OS beyond 2 years was significantly greater among patients with low S100A6 expression than in those with high S100A6 expression (P = 0.017 and 0.022, respectively). Differences in tumor expression of S100A4 were not significantly associated with outcome. CONCLUSION In this study, VEGFR2 expression was significantly correlated with risk of disease relapse and OS in a defined cohort of patients with UC of the bladder treated by cystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Henrik Shah
- Department of Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kristina Viktorsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Biomics Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Kanter
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amir Sherif
- Urology and Andrology, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jurate Asmundsson
- Department of Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Rolf Lewensohn
- Department of Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Ullén
- Department of Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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