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Lin X, Meng X, Lin J. The Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Psoriasis. J Cutan Med Surg 2024; 28:276-286. [PMID: 38497283 DOI: 10.1177/12034754241239050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of psoriasis is complex. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor that can be bound and activated by structurally diverse ligands and plays an important role in a range of biological processes and in the pathogenesis of different diseases. Recently, the role of AhR in psoriasis has attracted attention. AhR has toxicological functions and physiological functions. The overexpression and activation of AhR induced by the environmental pollutant and exogenous AhR agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) can drive the development of psoriasis. This TCDD-mediated toxicological response disrupts the physiological functions of AhR resulting in skin barrier disorders and the release of inflammatory cytokines, 2 of the pivotal factors of psoriasis. In addition, highly upregulated kynureninase in psoriasis decreases endogenous AhR agonists, thereby weakening the physiological functions of AhR. Activating AhR physiological signalling should be useful in the treatment of psoriasis. Studies have demonstrated that physiological activation of AhR can dampen the severity of psoriasis. The oldest and effective treatment for psoriasis coal tar works by activating AhR, and both new anti-psoriasis drugs tapinarof and benvitimod are formulations of AhR agonist, supporting that activation of AhR can be used as a new strategy for the treatment of psoriasis. Preclinical and preliminary clinical studies have revealed the anti-psoriasis effects of a number of AhR agonists, providing potential candidates for the development of new drugs for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xianmin Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Axia Women's Health, Oaks, PA, USA
| | - Jingrong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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2
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Park J, Kim CH. Regulation of common neurological disorders by gut microbial metabolites. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1821-1833. [PMID: 34857900 PMCID: PMC8741890 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is connected to the CNS by immunological mediators, lymphocytes, neurotransmitters, microbes and microbial metabolites. A mounting body of evidence indicates that the microbiome exerts significant effects on immune cells and CNS cells. These effects frequently result in the suppression or exacerbation of inflammatory responses, the latter of which can lead to severe tissue damage, altered synapse formation and disrupted maintenance of the CNS. Herein, we review recent progress in research on the microbial regulation of CNS diseases with a focus on major gut microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites, and secondary bile acids. Pathological changes in the CNS are associated with dysbiosis and altered levels of microbial metabolites, which can further exacerbate various neurological disorders. The cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these gut microbial metabolites regulate inflammatory diseases in the CNS are discussed. We highlight the similarities and differences in the impact on four major CNS diseases, i.e., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and autism spectrum disorder, to identify common cellular and molecular networks governing the regulation of cellular constituents and pathogenesis in the CNS by microbial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang H Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Center for Gastrointestinal Research, and Rogel Center for Cancer Research, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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3
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Liu Y, Wei Y, Zhang S, Yan X, Zhu H, Xu L, Zhao B, Xie HQ, Yan B. Regulation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Pathway and Dioxin Toxicity by Novel Agonists and Antagonists. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:614-624. [PMID: 31878777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dioxins, mostly through activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), are potent toxic substances widely distributed in the environment, while moderated suppression of AhR also exhibits anti-tumor effects. Therefore, the proper modulation of AhR activity may counteract AhR-mediated toxicities and certain diseases. In this investigation, we identified several novel AhR moderate agonists and antagonists using chemical biology approaches. The mechanisms and mode of interactions with AhR by these hits were also revealed using both experimental and computational studies. The newly identified AhR moderate agonists and antagonists were predicted to bind to AhR and modulate AhR signaling. The structure-activity relationships of moderate agonists and antagonists and their unique binding features with AhR have created a solid framework for further optimization of the next generation of AhR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yongyi Wei
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta , Ministry of Education , Guangzhou 510006 , China.,School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , China
| | - Songyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiliang Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , China.,The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology , Camden , New Jersey 08102 , United States
| | - Hao Zhu
- The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology , Camden , New Jersey 08102 , United States
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta , Ministry of Education , Guangzhou 510006 , China.,School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Qingdao 266237 , China
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Ma D, Xie HQ, Zhang W, Xue Q, Liu X, Xu L, Ma Y, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Long M, Zhang A, Zhao B. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity of polyhalogenated carbazoles and the molecular mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:516-526. [PMID: 31216508 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are a class of contaminants identified with persistence and bioaccumulation property from previous studies. However, the toxic effect and mechanism of PHCZs are not fully understood. In this study, eleven PHCZs, including four chlorocarbazoles, four bromocarbazoles and two bromo/chlorocarbazoles were screened for their potential aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity by using a dioxin responsive element-driven luciferase reporter assay. We found that nine PHCZs significantly activated AhR in a concentration-dependent manner. Their potencies of AhR activation were 1000 to 100,000 folds less than that of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most potent AhR ligand. The relative AhR activation potency of the nine PHCZs followed the order 2,3,6,7-tetrachloro-9H-carbazole >2,7-dibromo-9H-carbazole >1,3,6-tribromo-9H-carbazole >1,3,6,8-tetrachloro-9H-carbazole >1,3,6,8-tetrabromo-9H-carbazole >1-bromo-3,6-dichloro-9H-carbazole >3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazole >3-bromo-9H-carbazole >1,8-dibromo-3,6-dichloro-9H-carbazole, which was partly in line with the induction of AhR-mediated CYP1A1 expression. In silico analysis indicated that the nine PHCZs could be docked into the same pocket as TCDD due to their high structural similarity. However, the shrunk size of the heterocyclic moieties in PHCZs relative to that in TCDD dramatically decreased the complex stability provided by inter-molecular interactions. Moreover, two distinguished docking poses adopted by the nine PHCZs were found, in which one was illustrated by 2367-CCZ and 27-BCZ while the other symbolized by TCDD and the left seven agonists. The differential antagonizing effects of CH223191 on PHCZ-induced AhR activity supported such pose differentiation. The present experimental and in silico data provide new direct evidence of PHCZ-AhR interaction which sheds light on AhR-associated toxicological study and risk assessment of PHCZs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wanglong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiuchang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongchao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Manhai Long
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Aiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Feltrin C, Oliveira Simões CM. Reviewing the mechanisms of natural product-drug interactions involving efflux transporters and metabolic enzymes. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 314:108825. [PMID: 31553897 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) and other worldwide health agencies have recently taken initiatives to encourage the use of traditional medicine and/or complementary/alternative medicine in order to promote well-being and public health. In this way, one of the WHO's concerns is the safe use of these therapies. Phytotherapy is a strategy consisting of the use of medicinal plants (MP) and/or herbal medicinal products (HMP) for medicinal purposes. The use of phytotherapy concomitantly with drugs may cause interactions compromising the expected pharmacological action or generating toxic effects. These interactions are complex processes that may occur with multiple medications targeting different metabolic pathways, and involving different compounds present in MP and HMP. Thus, the aim of this review was to summarize the main MP- and HMP-drug interactions that involve specific transporters (P-glycoprotein and BCRP) and CYP450 enzymes (CYP3A4 and CYP2D6), which play relevant roles in the mechanisms of interactions. Firstly, multiple databases were used to search studies describing in vitro or in vivo MP and HMP-drug interactions and, after that, a systematic note-taking and appraisal of the literature was conducted. It was observed that several MP and HMP, metabolic pathways and transcription factors are involved in the transporters and enzymes expression or in the modulation of their activity having the potential to provide such interactions. Thus, the knowledge of MP- and HMP-drug interaction mechanisms could contribute to prevent harmful interactions and can ensure the safe use of these products to help the establishment of the therapeutic planning in order to certify the best treatment strategy to be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Feltrin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Tian Y, Gui W, Smith PB, Koo I, Murray IA, Cantorna MT, Perdew GH, Patterson AD. Isolation and Identification of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulators in White Button Mushrooms ( Agaricus bisporus). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9286-9294. [PMID: 31339733 PMCID: PMC7896426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural aryl hydrocarbon (AHR) ligands have been identified in food and herbal medicines, and they may exhibit beneficial activity in humans. In this study, white button (WB) feeding significantly decreased AHR target gene expression in the small intestine of both conventional and germ-free mice. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) combined with an AHR-responsive cell-based luciferase gene reporter assay were used to isolate and characterize benzothiazole (BT) derivatives and 6-methylisoquinoline (6-MIQ) as AHR modulators from WB mushrooms. The study showed dose-dependent changes of AHR transformation determined by the cell-based luciferase gene reporter assay and transcription of CYP1A1 in human Caco-2 cells by BT derivatives and 6-MIQ. These findings suggested that WB mushroom contains new classes of natural AHR modulators and demonstrated HPLC fractionation and UHPLC-MS/MS combined with a cell-based luciferase gene reporter assay as a useful approach for isolation and characterization of the previously unidentifed AHR modulators from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gui
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Philip B. Smith
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Iain A. Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Margherita T. Cantorna
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Gary H. Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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7
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Chitrala KN, Yang X, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M. Comparative analysis of interactions between aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand binding domain with its ligands: a computational study. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 18:15. [PMID: 30522477 PMCID: PMC6282305 DOI: 10.1186/s12900-018-0095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands may act as potential carcinogens or anti-tumor agents. Understanding how some of the residues in AhR ligand binding domain (AhRLBD) modulate their interactions with ligands would be useful in assessing their divergent roles including toxic and beneficial effects. To this end, we have analysed the nature of AhRLBD interactions with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin (TCDD), 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its degradation product, 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), Resveratrol (RES) and its analogue, Piceatannol (PTL) using molecular modeling approach followed by molecular dynamic simulations. RESULTS Results showed that each of the AhR ligands, TCDD, FICZ, I3C, DIM, RES and PTL affect the local and global conformations of AhRLBD. CONCLUSION The data presented in this study provide a structural understanding of AhR with its ligands and set the basis for its functions in several pathways and their related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ma Z, Liang Q, Tang X, Tan H, Xiao C, Gao Y. Ginsenoside Rb1 Inhibits Doxorubicin-Triggered H9C2 Cell Apoptosis via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:202-212. [PMID: 27829271 PMCID: PMC5340546 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent; however, the dose-dependent cardiotoxicity associated with DOX significantly limits its clinical application. In the present study, we investigated whether Rb1 could prevent DOX-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). H9C2 cells were treated with various concentrations (− μM) of Rb1. AhR, CYP1A protein and mRNA expression were quantified with Western blot and real-time PCR analyses. We also evaluated the expression levels of caspase-3 to assess the anti-apoptotic effects of Rb1. Our results showed that Rb1 attenuated DOX-induced cardiomyocytes injury and apoptosis and reduced caspase-3 and caspase-8, but not caspase-9 activity in DOX-treated H9C2 cells. Meanwhile, pre-treatment with Rb1 decreased the expression of caspase-3 and PARP in the protein levels, with no effects on cytochrome c, Bax, and Bcl-2 in DOX-stimulated cells. Rb1 markedly decreased the CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 expression induced by DOX. Furthermore, transfection with AhR siRNA or pre-treatment with AhR antagonist CH-223191 significantly inhibited the ability of Rb1 to decrease the induction of CYP1A, as well as caspase-3 protein levels following stimulation with DOX. In conclusion, these findings indicate that AhR plays an important role in the protection of Ginsenoside Rb1 against DOX-triggered apoptosis of H9C2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zengchun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qiande Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xianglin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hongling Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chengrong Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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Cella M, Colonna M. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: Linking environment to immunity. Semin Immunol 2016; 27:310-4. [PMID: 26561251 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal and barrier tissues are unique in that they mediate crosstalk between the host and the surrounding environment, which contains many potentially harmful factors. Therefore, it is critical that cell types present at barrier and mucosal surfaces are equipped with mechanisms to sense changes in the environment and to calibrate their responses accordingly. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) is a ligand dependent transcription factor well known to generate biological responses to environmental pollutants, such as benzo{a}pyrene and halogenated dioxins. Surprisingly, in the last few years a large body of evidence has shown that AHR is also involved in maintaining homeostasis or in triggering pathology by modulating the biological responses of critical cell types at the barrier and mucosal interfaces. Here, we will review progresses in this field and discuss how targeting AHR activation may impact disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States.
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10
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Becker RA, Patlewicz G, Simon TW, Rowlands JC, Budinsky RA. The adverse outcome pathway for rodent liver tumor promotion by sustained activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 73:172-90. [PMID: 26145830 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) represents the existing knowledge of a biological pathway leading from initial molecular interactions of a toxicant and progressing through a series of key events (KEs), culminating with an apical adverse outcome (AO) that has to be of regulatory relevance. An AOP based on the mode of action (MOA) of rodent liver tumor promotion by dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) has been developed and the weight of evidence (WoE) of key event relationships (KERs) evaluated using evolved Bradford Hill considerations. Dioxins and DLCs are potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands that cause a range of species-specific adverse outcomes. The occurrence of KEs is necessary for inducing downstream biological responses and KEs may occur at the molecular, cellular, tissue and organ levels. The common convention is that an AOP begins with the toxicant interaction with a biological response element; for this AOP, this initial event is binding of a DLC ligand to the AHR. Data from mechanistic studies, lifetime bioassays and approximately thirty initiation-promotion studies have established dioxin and DLCs as rat liver tumor promoters. Such studies clearly show that sustained AHR activation, weeks or months in duration, is necessary to induce rodent liver tumor promotion--hence, sustained AHR activation is deemed the molecular initiating event (MIE). After this MIE, subsequent KEs are 1) changes in cellular growth homeostasis likely associated with expression changes in a number of genes and observed as development of hepatic foci and decreases in apoptosis within foci; 2) extensive liver toxicity observed as the constellation of effects called toxic hepatopathy; 3) cellular proliferation and hyperplasia in several hepatic cell types. This progression of KEs culminates in the AO, the development of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas and cholangiolar carcinomas. A rich data set provides both qualitative and quantitative knowledge of the progression of this AOP through KEs and the KERs. Thus, the WoE for this AOP is judged to be strong. Species-specific effects of dioxins and DLCs are well known--humans are less responsive than rodents and rodent species differ in sensitivity between strains. Consequently, application of this AOP to evaluate potential human health risks must take these differences into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Becker
- Regulatory and Technical Affairs Department, American Chemistry Council (ACC), Washington, DC 20002, USA.
| | - Grace Patlewicz
- DuPont Haskell Global Centers for Health and Environmental Sciences, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Ted W Simon
- Ted Simon LLC, 4184 Johnston Road, Winston, GA 30187, USA
| | - J Craig Rowlands
- The Dow Chemical Company, Toxicology & Environmental Research & Consulting, 1803 Building Washington Street, Midland, MI 48674, USA
| | - Robert A Budinsky
- The Dow Chemical Company, Toxicology & Environmental Research & Consulting, 1803 Building Washington Street, Midland, MI 48674, USA
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Zelante T, Iannitti RG, Fallarino F, Gargaro M, De Luca A, Moretti S, Bartoli A, Romani L. Tryptophan Feeding of the IDO1-AhR Axis in Host-Microbial Symbiosis. Front Immunol 2014; 5:640. [PMID: 25566253 PMCID: PMC4266093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Zelante
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | | | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Antonella De Luca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Silvia Moretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Andrea Bartoli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
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12
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Jain A, Kaczanowska S, Davila E. IL-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase Signaling and Its Role in Inflammation, Cancer Progression, and Therapy Resistance. Front Immunol 2014; 5:553. [PMID: 25452754 PMCID: PMC4233944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has long been associated with the development of cancer. Among the various signaling pathways within cancer cells that can incite the expression of inflammatory molecules are those that activate IL-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAK). The IRAK family is comprised of four family members, IRAK-1, IRAK-2, IRAK-3 (also known as IRAK-M), and IRAK-4, which play important roles in both positively and negatively regulating the expression of inflammatory molecules. The wide array of inflammatory molecules that are expressed in response to IRAK signaling within the tumor microenvironment regulate the production of factors which promote tumor growth, metastasis, immune suppression, and chemotherapy resistance. Based on published reports we propose that dysregulated activation of the IRAK signaling pathway in cancer cells contributes to disease progression by creating a highly inflammatory tumor environment. In this article, we present both theoretical arguments and reference experimental data in support of this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Jain
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University , Albany, NY , USA
| | - Sabina Kaczanowska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Eduardo Davila
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA ; Greenebaum Cancer Center , Baltimore, MD , USA
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The Inhibition of the Components from Shengmai Injection towards UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:594354. [PMID: 25530784 PMCID: PMC4229968 DOI: 10.1155/2014/594354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of shengmai injection- (SMI-) related drug-drug interaction remains unclear. Evaluation of the inhibition potential of SMI's ingredients towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) activity will provide a new insight to understand SMI-related drug-drug interaction. In vitro incubation system to model UGT reaction was used. Recombinant UGT isoforms-catalyzed 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) glucuronidation and UGT1A4-catalyzed trifluoperazine (TFP) glucuronidation reactions were employed to phenotype the inhibition profile of maidong's components towards the activity of UGT isoforms. Different inhibition potential of maidong's components towards various UGT isoforms was observed. Based on the inhibition kinetic investigation results, ophiopogonin D (OD) noncompetitively inhibited UGT1A6 and competitively inhibited UGT1A8, ophiopogonin D′ (OD′) noncompetitively inhibited UGT1A6 and UGT1A10, and ruscorectal (RU) exhibited competitive inhibition towards UGT1A4. The inhibition kinetic parameters were calculated to be 20.6, 40.1, 5.3, 9.0, and 0.02 μM, respectively. In combination with our previous results obtained for the inhibition of UGT isoforms by ginsenosides and wuweizi components, the important SMI ingredients exhibiting strong inhibition towards UGT isoforms were highlighted. All the results obtained in the present study provide a new insight to understand SMI-related drug-drug interaction.
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