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Hosseini SM, Mohammadnejad J, Yousefnia H, Alirezapour B, Rezayan AH. Development of 177Lu-Cetuximab-PAMAM dendrimeric nanosystem: a novel theranostic radioimmunoconjugate. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:7779-7791. [PMID: 37029816 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) are overexpressed in a wide range of tumors and are attractive candidates to target in targeted therapies. This study aimed to introduce a novel radiolabeled compound, 177Lu-cetuximab-PAMAM G4, for the treatment of EGFR-expressing tumors. METHODS In this study, the cetuximab mAb was bound to PAMAM G4 and labeled with 177Lu via DTPA-CHX chelator. The synthesized nanosystem was confirmed by different analyses such as DLS, FT-IR, TEM, and RT-LC. Cell viability of the radioimmunoconjugate was assessed over the EGFR-expressing cell line of SW480. The biodistribution of 177Lu-Cetuximab-PAMAMG4 was determined in different intervals after injection of the radiolabeled compound in normal and tumoral nude mice via scarification and SPECT images. RESULTS The average size of PAMAM G4 and PAMAM-Cetuximab-DTPA-CHX nanoparticles were 2 and 70 nm, respectively. 177Lu-Cetuximab-PAMAMG4 was prepared with radiochemical purity of more than 98%. The survival rates of SW480 cells at 24, 48, and 72 h post-treatment with177Lu-Cetuximab-PAMAMG4 (500 nM) were 18%, 15%, and 14%, respectively. The biodistribution studies showed a significant accumulation of 177Lu-Cetuximab-PAMAM in the EGFR-expressing tumor. CONCLUSION According to the results, this new agent can be considered as an efficient therapeutic complex for tumors expressing EGFR receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Hosseini
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of Modern Science and Technology, Nano Biotechnology Group, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439957131, Iran
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Tehran, 14155-1339, Iran
| | - Javad Mohammadnejad
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of Modern Science and Technology, Nano Biotechnology Group, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439957131, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefnia
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Tehran, 14155-1339, Iran.
| | - Behrouz Alirezapour
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Tehran, 14155-1339, Iran
| | - Ali Hossein Rezayan
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of Modern Science and Technology, Nano Biotechnology Group, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439957131, Iran
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Hashemkhani M, Celikbas E, Khan M, Sennaroglu A, Yagci Acar H. ALA/Ag 2S/MnO 2 Hybrid Nanoparticles for Near-Infrared Image-Guided Long-Wavelength Phototherapy of Breast Cancer. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37294926 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on temperature increase and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively, is an exciting avenue to provide local and improved therapy of tumors with minimal off-site toxicity. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is one of the most popular PDT pro-drugs, and its efficiency improves significantly when delivered to tumors with nanoparticles (NPs). But the tumor site's hypoxic environment is a handicap for the oxygen-consuming PDT process. In this work, highly stable, small, theranostic NPs composed of Ag2S quantum dots and MnO2, electrostatically loaded with ALA, were developed for enhanced PDT/PTT combination of tumors. MnO2 catalyzes endogenous H2O2 to O2 conversion and glutathione depletion, enhancing ROS generation and ALA-PDT efficiency. Ag2S quantum dots (AS QDs) conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) support MnO2 formation and stabilization around Ag2S. AS-BSA-MnO2 provided a strong intracellular near-infrared (NIR) signal and increased the solution temperature by 15 °C upon laser irradiation at 808 nm (215 mW, 10 mg/mL), proving the hybrid NP as an optically trackable, long-wavelength PTT agent. In the in vitro studies, no significant cytotoxicity was observed in the absence of laser irradiation in healthy (C2C12) or breast cancer cell lines (SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231). The most effective phototoxicity was observed when AS-BSA-MnO2-ALA-treated cells were co-irradiated for 5 min with 640 nm (300 mW) and 808 nm (700 mW) due to enhanced ALA-PDT combined with PTT. The viability of cancer cells decreased to approximately 5-10% at 50 μg/mL [Ag], corresponding to 1.6 mM [ALA], whereas at the same concentration, individual PTT and PDT treatments decreased the viability to 55-35%, respectively. The late apoptotic death of the treated cells was mostly correlated with high ROS levels and lactate dehydrogenase. Overall, these hybrid NPs overcome tumor hypoxia, deliver ALA to tumor cells, and provide both NIR tracking and enhanced PDT + PTT combination therapy upon short, low-dose co-irradiation at long wavelengths. These agents that may be utilized for treating other cancer types are also highly suitable for in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Hashemkhani
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Celikbas
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Minahil Khan
- Departments of Physics and Electrical and Electronical Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alphan Sennaroglu
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Departments of Physics and Electrical and Electronical Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
- KUYTAM, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Yagci Acar
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
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Hanafy NS, Aziz NAAM, El-Hddad SSA, Abdelgawad MA, Ghoneim MM, Dawood AF, Mohamady S, El-Adl K, Ahmed S. Design, synthesis, and docking of novel thiazolidine-2,4-dione multitarget scaffold as new approach for cancer treatment. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023:e2300137. [PMID: 37147779 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel thiazolidine-2,4-diones have been developed and estimated as conjoint inhibitors of EGFRT790M and VEGFR-2 against HCT-116, MCF-7, A549, and HepG2 cells. Compounds 6a, 6b, and 6c were known to be the dominant advantageous congeners against HCT116 (IC50 = 15.22, 8.65, and 8.80 µM), A549 (IC50 = 7.10, 6.55, and 8.11 µM), MCF-7 (IC50 = 14.56, 6.65, and 7.09 µM) and HepG2 (IC50 = 11.90, 5.35, and 5.60 µM) mass cell lines, correspondingly. Although compounds 6a, 6b, and 6c disclosed poorer effects than sorafenib (IC50 = 4.00, 4.04, 5.58, and 5.05 µM) against the tested cell sets, congeners 6b and 6c demonstrated higher actions than erlotinib (IC50 = 7.73, 5.49, 8.20, and 13.91 µM) against HCT116, MCF-7 and HepG2 cells, yet lesser performance on A549 cells. The hugely effective derivatives 4e-i and 6a-c were inspected versus VERO normal cell strains. Compounds 6b, 6c, 6a, and 4i were found to be the most effective derivatives, which suppressed VEGFR-2 by IC50 = 0.85, 0.90, 1.50, and 1.80 µM, respectively. Moreover, compounds 6b, 6a, 6c, and 6i could interfere with the EGFRT790M performing strongest effects with IC50 = 0.30, 0.35, 0.50, and 1.00 µM, respectively. What is more, 6a, 6b, and 6c represented satisfactory in silico computed ADMET profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura S Hanafy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada A A M Aziz
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal F Dawood
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Mohamady
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Leonard NA, Reidy E, Thompson K, McDermott E, Peerani E, Tomas Bort E, Balkwill FR, Loessner D, Ryan AE. Stromal Cells Promote Matrix Deposition, Remodelling and an Immunosuppressive Tumour Microenvironment in a 3D Model of Colon Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235998. [PMID: 34885111 PMCID: PMC8656544 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer in the world. Immune cells and normal supporting cells (MSCs) within a tumour affect patient survival and change how well treatments work. This research aimed to develop a more relevant 3D cancer model that combines MSCs and immune cells with cancer cells to test the effects of multiple cell types on tumour growth. We successfully developed a 3D model that shows that MSCs and immune cells can change the cancer-supporting environment around the tumour cells. We show that combining MSCs and immune cells with cancer cells can increase the level of immune-suppressing molecules they release and change immunotherapeutic drug targets on the cancer cells, similar to changes seen in human tumours. Using this 3D model for research may be better for testing new drugs than traditional 2D methods and could enable the identification of new drug targets. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. CRC develops in a complex tumour microenvironment (TME) with both mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and immune infiltrate, shown to alter disease progression and treatment response. We hypothesised that an accessible, affordable model of CRC that combines multiple cell types will improve research translation to the clinic and enable the identification of novel therapeutic targets. A viable gelatine-methacrloyl-based hydrogel culture system that incorporates CRC cells with MSCs and a monocyte cell line was developed. Gels were analysed on day 10 by PCR, cytokine array, microscopy and flow cytometry. The addition of stromal cells increased transcription of matrix remodelling proteins FN1 and MMP9, induced release of tumour-promoting immune molecules MIF, Serpin E1, CXCL1, IL-8 and CXCL12 and altered cancer cell expression of immunotherapeutic targets EGFR, CD47 and PD-L1. Treatment with PD153035, an EGFR inhibitor, revealed altered CRC expression of PD-L1 but only in gels lacking MSCs. We established a viable 3D model of CRC that combined cancer cells, MSCs and monocytic cells that can be used to research the role the stroma plays in the TME, identify novel therapeutic targets and improve the transitional efficacy of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh A. Leonard
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland;
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Correspondence: (N.A.L.); (A.E.R.)
| | - Eileen Reidy
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland;
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Kerry Thompson
- Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, Anatomy, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland; (K.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Emma McDermott
- Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, Anatomy, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland; (K.T.); (E.M.)
| | - Eleonora Peerani
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.P.); (E.T.B.); (F.R.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Elena Tomas Bort
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.P.); (E.T.B.); (F.R.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Frances R. Balkwill
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.P.); (E.T.B.); (F.R.B.); (D.L.)
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; (E.P.); (E.T.B.); (F.R.B.); (D.L.)
- Faculty of Engineering and Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aideen E. Ryan
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland;
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Correspondence: (N.A.L.); (A.E.R.)
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Hashemkhani M, Demirci G, Bayir A, Muti A, Sennaroglu A, Mohammad Hadi L, Yaghini E, Loizidou M, MacRobert AJ, Yagci Acar H. Cetuximab-Ag 2S quantum dots for fluorescence imaging and highly effective combination of ALA-based photodynamic/chemo-therapy of colorectal cancer cells. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14879-14899. [PMID: 34533177 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03507j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a poor prognosis and urgently needs better therapeutic approaches. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) based photodynamic therapy (PDT) is already used in the clinic for several cancers but not yet well investigated for CRC. Currently, systemic administration of ALA offers a limited degree of tumour selectivity, except for intracranial tumours, limiting its wider use in the clinic. The combination of effective ALA-PDT and chemotherapy may provide a promising alternative approach for CRC treatment. Herein, theranostic Ag2S quantum dots (AS-2MPA) optically trackable in near-infrared (NIR), conjugated with endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting Cetuximab (Cet) and loaded with ALA for PDT monotherapy or ALA/5-fluorouracil (5FU) for the combination therapy are proposed for enhanced treatment of EGFR(+) CRC. AS-2MPA-Cet exhibited excellent targeting of the high EGFR expressing cells and showed a strong intracellular signal for NIR optical detection in a comparative study performed on SW480, HCT116, and HT29 cells, which exhibit high, medium and low EGFR expression, respectively. Targeting provided enhanced uptake of the ALA loaded nanoparticles by strong EGFR expressing cells and formation of higher levels of PpIX. Cells also differ in their efficiency to convert ALA to PpIX, and SW480 was the best, followed by HT29, while HCT116 was determined as unsuitable for ALA-PDT. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in 2D cell cultures and 3D spheroids of SW480 and HT29 cells using AS-2MPA with either electrostatically loaded, hydrazone or amide linked ALA to achieve different levels of pH or enzyme sensitive release. Most effective phototoxicity was observed in SW480 cells using AS-2MPA-ALA-electrostatic-Cet due to enhanced uptake of the particles, fast ALA release and effective ALA-to-PpIX conversion. Targeted delivery reduced the effective ALA concentration significantly which was further reduced with codelivery of 5FU. Delivery of ALA via covalent linkages was also effective for PDT, but required a longer incubation time for the release of ALA in therapeutic doses. Phototoxicity was correlated with high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic/necrotic cell death. Hence, both AS-2MPA-ALA-Cet based PDT and AS-2MPA-ALA-Cet-5FU based chemo/PDT combination therapy coupled with strong NIR tracking of the nanoparticles demonstrate an exceptional therapeutic effect on CRC cells and excellent potential for synergistic multistage tumour targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Hashemkhani
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gozde Demirci
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ali Bayir
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah Muti
- Koc University, Departments of Physics and Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alphan Sennaroglu
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Koc University, Departments of Physics and Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
- Koc University, KUYTAM, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Layla Mohammad Hadi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Elnaz Yaghini
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Alexander J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanomedicine and Surgical Theranostics, University College London, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PE, UK.
| | - Havva Yagci Acar
- Koc University, Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Koc University, Department of Chemistry, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
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Long J, YaoYi Sui Z, Sui Y, Fang S. SphK1 Promotes Cancer Progression through Activating JAK/STAT Pathway and Up-Regulating S1PR1 Expression in Colon Cancer Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:254-260. [PMID: 33797381 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210401105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SphK1 is a conserved lipid kinase, which can catalyze formation of tumor promoting factor sphingosine phosphate-1 (S1P). OBJECTIVE To investigate effect of SphK1 on proliferation/migration of colon cancer cells and associated mechanisms. METHODS Transcription of SphK1 gene in colon cancer cells was detected. Gene transcription of SphK1 was inhibited by transfecting with si-SphK1 gene in colon cancer cells. Effects of SphK1 inhibition (si-SphK1) on cell migration/proliferation were detected using transwell system and MTS. Gene transcription of SIP, S1PR1, S1PR2, S1PR3, and activation of JAK/STAT3 pathway were examined using RT-PCR and western blot assay. S1PR1 over-expressing plasmid was constructed and transfected into cells. Effects of S1PR1 over-expression on migration/proliferation of si-SphK1 transfected colon cancer cells and activation of JAK/STAT3 pathway were determined using RT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Gene transcription of SphK1 in SW480 and HT-29 colon cancer cells was significantly inhibited by transfection of si-SphK1 gene. Transwell migration and MTS findings showed that si-SphK1 transfection (si-SphK1 group) could reduce migration quantity and cell viability of colon cancer cells compared to negative control (NC) (p<0.0001). SphK1 inhibition (si-SphK1 group) significantly down-regulated S1PR1 and S1PR3 gene transcription in SW480 and HT-29 cells (p<0.0001), and decreased activation level of JAKSTAT3 signaling pathway compared to NC group (p<0.05). Over-expression of S1PR1 reversed inhibitory effects of si-SphK1 on migration/proliferation of SW480 and activation of JAK/Stat3. CONCLUSION SphK1 promoted proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells through promoting JAK/STAT activation and up-regulating S1PR1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianting Long
- Department of Medicinal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, SUN Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080. China
| | - Zhijia YaoYi Sui
- Department of Medicinal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, SUN Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080. China
| | - Yi Sui
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, SUN Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080. China
| | - Shi Fang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital, SUN Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080. China
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Hasbal-Celikok G, Aksoy-Sagirli P, Altiparmak-Ulbegi G, Can A. Identification of AKT1/β-catenin mutations conferring cetuximab and chemotherapeutic drug resistance in colorectal cancer treatment. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:209. [PMID: 33574948 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In anticancer therapy, the effectiveness of therapeutics is limited by mutations causing drug resistance. KRAS mutations are the only determinant for cetuximab resistance in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, cetuximab treatment has not been fully successful in the majority of patients with wild-type (WT) KRAS. Therefore, it is important to determine new predictive mutations in CRC treatment. In the present study, the association between AKT1/β-catenin (CTNNB1) mutations with the drug resistance to cetuximab and other chemotherapeutics used in the CRC treatment was investigated by using site-directed mutagenesis, transfection, western blotting and cell proliferation inhibition assay. Cetuximab resistance was higher in the presence of AKT1 E17K, E49K and L52R mutations, as well as CTNNB1 T41A, S45F and S33P mutations compared with that of respective WT proteins. AKT1/CTNNB1 mutations were also associated with oxaliplatin, irinotecan, SN-38 and 5-fluorouracil resistance. Furthermore, mutant cell viability in oxaliplatin treatment was more effectively inhibited compared with that of the other chemotherapeutic drugs. In conclusion, AKT1/CTNNB1 mutations may be used as an important predictive biomarker in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Hasbal-Celikok
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Pinar Aksoy-Sagirli
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Gulsum Altiparmak-Ulbegi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
| | - Ayse Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul 34116, Turkey
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Pietropaolo G, Pugliese D, Armuzzi A, Guidi L, Gasbarrini A, Rapaccini GL, Wolf FI, Trapani V. Magnesium Absorption in Intestinal Cells: Evidence of Cross-Talk between EGF and TRPM6 and Novel Implications for Cetuximab Therapy. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113277. [PMID: 33114586 PMCID: PMC7692710 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomagnesemia is very commonly observed in cancer patients, most frequently in association with therapy with cetuximab (CTX), a monoclonal antibody targeting the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR). CTX-induced hypomagnesemia has been ascribed to renal magnesium (Mg) wasting. Here, we sought to clarify whether CTX may also influence intestinal Mg absorption and if Mg supplementation may interfere with CTX activity. We used human colon carcinoma CaCo-2 cells as an in vitro model to study the mechanisms underlying Mg transport and CTX activity. Our findings demonstrate that TRPM6 is the key channel that mediates Mg influx in intestinal cells and that EGF stimulates such influx; consequently, CTX downregulates TRPM6-mediated Mg influx by interfering with EGF signaling. Moreover, we show that Mg supplementation does not modify either the CTX IC50 or CTX-dependent inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Our results suggest that reduced Mg absorption in the intestine may contribute to the severe hypomagnesemia that occurs in CTX-treated patients, and Mg supplementation may represent a safe and effective nutritional intervention to restore Mg status without impairing the CTX efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pietropaolo
- Sezione di Patologia Generale, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniela Pugliese
- UOC Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (A.A.); (L.G.); (A.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- UOC Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (A.A.); (L.G.); (A.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Luisa Guidi
- UOC Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (A.A.); (L.G.); (A.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- UOC Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (A.A.); (L.G.); (A.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Gian Lodovico Rapaccini
- UOC Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (A.A.); (L.G.); (A.G.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Federica I. Wolf
- Sezione di Patologia Generale, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.I.W.); (V.T.)
| | - Valentina Trapani
- Sezione di Patologia Generale, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.I.W.); (V.T.)
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9
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Sabra R, Billa N, Roberts CJ. Cetuximab-conjugated chitosan-pectinate (modified) composite nanoparticles for targeting colon cancer. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118775. [PMID: 31678385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we successfully developed a cetuximab-conjugated modified citrus pectin-chitosan nanoparticles for targeted delivery of curcumin (Cet-MCPCNPs) for the treatment of colorectal cancer. In vitro analyses revealed that nanoparticles were spherical with size of 249.33 ± 5.15 nm, a decent encapsulation efficiency (68.43 ± 2.4%) and a 'smart' drug release profile. 61.37 ± 0.70% of cetuximab was adsorbed to the surface of the nanoparticles. Cellular uptake studies displayed enhanced internalization of Cet-MCPCNPs in Caco-2 (EGFR +ve) cells, which ultimately resulted in a significant reduction in cancer cell propagation. The cell cycle analysis indicated that Cet- MCPCNPs induced cell death in enhanced percentage of Caco-2 cells by undergoing cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. These data suggest that Cet-MCPCNPs represent a new and promising targeting approach for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Sabra
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nashiru Billa
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia; College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Clive J Roberts
- The School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Park Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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10
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Gaugaz FZ, Chicca A, Redondo-Horcajo M, Barasoain I, Díaz JF, Altmann KH. Synthesis, Microtubule-Binding Affinity, and Antiproliferative Activity of New Epothilone Analogs and of an EGFR-Targeted Epothilone-Peptide Conjugate. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1113. [PMID: 30841526 PMCID: PMC6429585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new simplified, epoxide-free epothilone analog was prepared incorporating an N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-benzimidazole side chain, which binds to microtubules with high affinity and inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro with nM potency. Building on this scaffold, a disulfide-linked conjugate with the purported EGFR-binding (EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor) peptide GE11 was then prepared. The conjugate retained significant microtubule-binding affinity, in spite of the size of the peptide attached to the benzimidazole side chain. The antiproliferative activity of the conjugate was significantly lower than for the parent scaffold and, surprisingly, was independent of the EGFR expression status of cells. Our data indicate that the disulfide-based conjugation with the GE11 peptide is not a viable approach for effective tumor-targeting of highly potent epothilones and probably not for other cytotoxics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Zdenka Gaugaz
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Mariano Redondo-Horcajo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Barasoain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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11
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Bashir AIJ, Kankipati CS, Jones S, Newman RM, Safrany ST, Perry CJ, Nicholl ID. A novel mechanism for the anticancer activity of aspirin and salicylates. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1256-1270. [PMID: 30720135 PMCID: PMC6411351 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that long‑term aspirin usage reduces the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and may protect against other non‑CRC associated adenocarcinomas, including oesophageal cancer. A number of hypotheses have been proposed with respect to the molecular action of aspirin and other non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs in cancer development. The mechanism by which aspirin exhibits toxicity to CRC has been previously investigated by synthesising novel analogues and derivatives of aspirin in an effort to identify functionally significant moieties. Herein, an early effect of aspirin and aspirin‑like analogues against the SW480 CRC cell line was investigated, with a particular focus on critical molecules in the epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathway. The present authors proposed that aspirin, diaspirin and analogues, and diflunisal (a salicylic acid derivative) may rapidly perturb EGF and EGF receptor (EGFR) internalisation. Upon longer incubations, the diaspirins and thioaspirins may inhibit EGFR phosphorylation at Tyr1045 and Tyr1173. It was additionally demonstrated, using a qualitative approach, that EGF internalisation in the SW480 cell line may be directed to endosomes by fumaryldiaspirin using early endosome antigen 1 as an early endosomal marker and that EGF internalisation may also be perturbed in oesophageal cell lines, suggestive of an effect not only restricted to CRC cells. Taken together and in light of our previous findings that the aspirin‑like analogues can affect cyclin D1 expression and nuclear factor‑κB localisation, it was hypothesized that aspirin and aspirin analogues significantly and swiftly perturb the EGFR axis and that the protective activity of aspirin may in part be explained by perturbed EGFR internalisation and activation. These findings may also have implications in understanding the inhibitory effect of aspirin and salicylates on wound healing, given the critical role of EGF in the response to tissue trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma'u I J Bashir
- Department of Biomedical Science and Physiology, School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Chandra S Kankipati
- Department of Biomedical Science and Physiology, School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Sarah Jones
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Robert M Newman
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | | | - Christopher J Perry
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Iain D Nicholl
- Department of Biomedical Science and Physiology, School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
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12
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Sennikov SV, Alshevskaya AA, Zhukova J, Belomestnova I, Karaulov AV, Lopatnikova JA. Expression Density of Receptors as a Potent Regulator of Cell Function and Property in Health and Pathology. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018; 178:182-191. [PMID: 30544119 DOI: 10.1159/000494387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of cytokine receptors has a crucial role in many cellular processes. Recent studies reported that changes of receptor expression could control the action of mediators on target cells. The initiation of different signaling pathways and, therefore, specific effects on cells, depends on certain components forming the cytokine-receptor complex. These mechanisms control the immune response and affect both the course of diseases (oncological, autoimmune, inflammatory) and the effectiveness of therapy. This review describes the potential of immune mediator receptors to regulate the efficiency of cytokine activity during pathologic processes and ensure the variability of their biological effects. Our aim was to investigate the spectrum of potential roles of changes in mediator receptor expression for main classes of pathologies. For all major types of immune mediators (cytokines, interleukins, chemokines, growth factors, and tumor necrosis factors), it has been shown that changes in their receptor expression are associated with impaired functioning of the organism in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Vitalievich Sennikov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology" (RIFCI), Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, .,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation,
| | - Alina A Alshevskaya
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology" (RIFCI), Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Julia Zhukova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology" (RIFCI), Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Belomestnova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology" (RIFCI), Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Karaulov
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Julia A Lopatnikova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology" (RIFCI), Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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13
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Bäumer N, Rehkämper J, Appel N, Terheyden L, Hartmann W, Wardelmann E, Buchholz F, Müller-Tidow C, Berdel WE, Bäumer S. Downregulation of PIK3CA via antibody-esiRNA-complexes suppresses human xenograft tumor growth. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200163. [PMID: 30001368 PMCID: PMC6042707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision cancer therapy requires on the one hand detailed knowledge about a tumor’s driver oncogenes and on the other hand an effective targeted therapy that specifically inhibits these oncogenes. While the determination of genomic landscape of a tumor has reached a very precise level, the respective therapy options are scarce. The application of small inhibitory (si) RNAs is a promising field of investigation. Here, we present the effective in vivo-treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) xenograft tumors with antibody-complexed, endoribonuclease-prepared small inhibitory (esi)RNAs. We chose heterogeneous endoribonuclease-prepared siRNA pools (esiRNAs) against the frequently mutated genes PIK3CA and KRAS and coupled them to the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab, which was internalized specifically into the tumor cells. esiRNA pools have been shown to exhibit superior specificity in target gene knockdown compared to classic siRNAs. We identified a significant decrease in tumor growth upon this treatment due to decreased tumor cell proliferation. The ex vivo-analysis of the xenograft CRC tumors revealed the expected downregulation of the intended direct targets PIK3CA and KRAS on protein level. Moreover, known downstream targets for EGFR signaling such as p-ERK, p-AKT, and c-MYC were decreased as well. We therefore propose the use of antibody-esiRNA complexes as a novel experimental treatment option against key components of the EGFR signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bäumer
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology/Oncology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jan Rehkämper
- Gerhard-Domagk Institute for Pathology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Neele Appel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology/Oncology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lisa Terheyden
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology/Oncology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk Institute for Pathology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk Institute for Pathology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Frank Buchholz
- Universitäts KrebsCentrum (UCC), Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology/Oncology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E. Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology/Oncology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bäumer
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology/Oncology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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14
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Yoshii Y, Yoshimoto M, Matsumoto H, Tashima H, Iwao Y, Takuwa H, Yoshida E, Wakizaka H, Yamaya T, Zhang MR, Sugyo A, Hanadate S, Tsuji AB, Higashi T. Integrated treatment using intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy and positron emission tomography-guided surgery with 64Cu-labeled cetuximab to treat early- and late-phase peritoneal dissemination in human gastrointestinal cancer xenografts. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28935-28950. [PMID: 29989003 PMCID: PMC6034757 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination is a common cause of death from gastrointestinal cancers and is difficult to treat using current therapeutic options, particularly late-phase disease. Here, we investigated the feasibility of integrated therapy using 64Cu-intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy (ipRIT), alone or in combination with positron emission tomography (PET)-guided surgery using a theranostic agent (64Cu-labeled anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab) to treat early- and late-phase peritoneal dissemination in mouse models. In this study, we utilized the OpenPET system, which has open space for conducting surgery while monitoring objects at high resolution in real time, as a novel approach to make PET-guided surgery feasible. 64Cu-ipRIT with cetuximab inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival with little toxicity in mice with early-phase peritoneal dissemination of small lesions. For late-phase peritoneal dissemination, a combination of 64Cu-ipRIT for down-staging and subsequent OpenPET-guided surgery for resecting large tumor masses effectively prolonged survival. OpenPET clearly detected tumors (≥3 mm in size) behind other organs in the peritoneal cavity and was useful for confirming the presence or absence of residual tumors during an operation. These findings suggest that integrated 64Cu therapy can serve as a novel treatment strategy for peritoneal dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Yoshii
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Yoshimoto
- Division of Functional Imaging, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Hideaki Tashima
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuma Iwao
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takuwa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Yoshida
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Wakizaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taiga Yamaya
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aya Sugyo
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sayaka Hanadate
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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15
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Yosef HK, Frick T, Hammoud MK, Maghnouj A, Hahn S, Gerwert K, El-Mashtoly SF. Exploring the efficacy and cellular uptake of sorafenib in colon cancer cells by Raman micro-spectroscopy. Analyst 2018; 143:6069-6078. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an02029a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the efficacy and distribution of sorafenib in colon cancer cells by label-free Raman microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. K. Yosef
- Department of Biophysics
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- Germany
| | - T. Frick
- Department of Biophysics
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- Germany
| | - M. K. Hammoud
- Department of Biophysics
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- Germany
| | - A. Maghnouj
- Department of Molecular GI-Oncology
- Clinical Research Center
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - S. Hahn
- Department of Molecular GI-Oncology
- Clinical Research Center
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- 44780 Bochum
- Germany
| | - K. Gerwert
- Department of Biophysics
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- Germany
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16
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Huang CW, Chen YT, Tsai HL, Yeh YS, Su WC, Ma CJ, Tsai TN, Wang JY. EGFR expression in patients with stage III colorectal cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy and on cancer cell function. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114663-114676. [PMID: 29383110 PMCID: PMC5777722 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK pathway plays a crucial role in the carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its role in the prognosis and prediction of relapse in patients with stage III CRC after adjuvant chemotherapy remains controversial. In the present study, the clinicopathological features of 173 patients with stage III CRC who underwent radical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy with the fluoropyrimidine/folinic acid, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) regimen, and their prognostic values of EGFR expression were retrospectively analyzed. By conducting an in vitro CRC cell line study through the knockdown of EGFR expression, we analyzed cell proliferation, colony formation and migration. Positive EGFR expression and an abnormal postoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level were found to be significant independent negative predictive factors for postoperative relapse. Furthermore, positive EGFR expression was a significant independent negative prognostic factor for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Additionally, an in vitro cell line study showed that the knockdown of EGFR expression significantly reduced CRC cell proliferation, colony formation and migration. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that EGFR expression had a prognostic value for OS and DFS, as well as predictive roles for postoperative relapse, in patients with stage III CRC. By analyzing both EGFR expression and the postoperative CEA, the patients with stage III CRC who were at a high risk of postoperative relapse, or mortality following adjuvant chemotherapy could be identified. In short, CRC cells with EGFR expression would exhibit a highly malignant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wen Huang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Tsai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sung Yeh
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Su
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jen Ma
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsen-Ni Tsai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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17
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Tsai MH, Pan CH, Peng CL, Shieh MJ. Panitumumab-Conjugated Pt-Drug Nanomedicine for Enhanced Efficacy of Combination Targeted Chemotherapy against Colorectal Cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28418176 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Targeted combination chemotherapy (TCT) has recently been used to increase the induction of tumor cell death. In particular, the combination of Panitumumab and the platinum (Pt)-derived chemotherapeutic drug Oxaliplatin is clinically effective against KRAS and BRAF wild-type colorectal cancer (CRC) cells that overexpress epidermal growth factor receptors, and significantly greater efficacy is observed than with either drug alone. However, low accumulation of Pt drug in tumor sites prevents achievement of ideal efficacy. To develop an alternative drug therapy that achieves the ideal efficacy of TCT, the novel nanomedicine NANOPt-Pan using self-assembled dichloro(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)Pt(II)-modified Panitumumab is generated. Treatments with NANOPt-Pan lead to significant accumulation of Pt drug and Panitumumab in tumors, reflecting enhanced permeability and retention effect, active targeting, and sustained circulation of the Pt drug in the blood. In addition, NANOPt-Pan has excellent in vivo anti-CRC efficacy. These data indicate that NANOPt-Pan has high potential as a candidate nanomedicine for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; College of Medicine and College of Engineering; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road Taipei 100 Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsuan Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; College of Medicine and College of Engineering; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road Taipei 100 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Peng
- Isotope Application Division; Institute of Nuclear Energy Research; P.O. Box 3-27 Longtan Taoyuan 325 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jium Shieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; College of Medicine and College of Engineering; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road Taipei 100 Taiwan
- Department of Oncology; National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine; #7, Chung-Shan South Road Taipei 100 Taiwan
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18
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Ishida T, Ishii Y, Tsuruta M, Okabayashi K, Akimoto S, Koishikawa K, Hasegawa H, Kitagawa Y. Cetuximab promotes SN38 sensitivity via suppression of heat shock protein 27 in colorectal cancer cells with wild-type RAS. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:926-932. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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19
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van Onzen AHAM, Albertazzi L, Schenning APHJ, Milroy LG, Brunsveld L. Hydrophobicity determines the fate of self-assembled fluorescent nanoparticles in cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1626-1629. [PMID: 28097276 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08793k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The fate of small molecule nanoparticles (SMNPs) composed of self-assembling intrinsically fluorescent π-conjugated oligomers was studied in cells as a function of side-chain hydrophobicity. While the hydrophobic SMNPs remained intact upon cellular uptake, the more hydrophilic SMNPs disassembled and dispersed throughout the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur H A M van Onzen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. and Nanoscopy for Nanomedicine Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Albertus P H J Schenning
- Laboratory of Functional Organic Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lech-Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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DU CHUANG, WANG XIN, ZHANG JUNLING, LIU XIANGZHENG, ZHU JING, LIU YUCUN. Paxillin is positively correlated with the clinicopathological factors of colorectal cancer, and knockdown of Paxillin improves sensitivity to cetuximab in colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:409-17. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Delaney C, Frank S, Huang RS. Pharmacogenomics of EGFR-targeted therapies in non-small cell lung cancer: EGFR and beyond. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 34:149-60. [PMID: 25962919 PMCID: PMC4593375 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-015-0007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Commonly observed aberrations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling have led to the development of EGFR-targeted therapies for various cancers, including non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EGFR mutations and overexpression have further been shown to modulate sensitivity to these EGFR-targeted therapies in NSCLC and several other types of cancers. However, it is clear that mutations and/or genetic variations in EGFR alone cannot explain all of the variability in the responses of patients with NSCLC to EGFR-targeted therapies. For instance, in addition to EGFR genotype, genetic variations in other members of the signaling pathway downstream of EGFR or variations in parallel receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways are now recognized to have a significant impact on the efficacy of certain EGFR-targeted therapies. In this review, we highlight the mutations and genetic variations in such genes downstream of EGFR and in parallel RTK pathways. Specifically, the directional effects of these pharmacogenetic factors are discussed with a focus on two commonly prescribed EGFR inhibitors: cetuximab and erlotinib. The results of this comprehensive review can be used to optimize the treatment of NSCLC with EGFR inhibitors. Furthermore, they may provide the rationale for the design of subsequent combination therapies that involve the inhibition of EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Delaney
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Samuel Frank
- Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - R Stephanie Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 900 E 57th street, KCBD room 7148, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. .,The Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China.
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22
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Zhai J, Scoble JA, Li N, Lovrecz G, Waddington LJ, Tran N, Muir BW, Coia G, Kirby N, Drummond CJ, Mulet X. Epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted lipid nanoparticles retain self-assembled nanostructures and provide high specificity. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:2905-2913. [PMID: 25516406 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05200e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Next generation drug delivery utilising nanoparticles incorporates active targeting to specific sites. In this work, we combined targeting with the inherent advantages of self-assembled lipid nanoparticles containing internal nano-structures. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting, PEGylated lipid nanoparticles using phytantriol and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-PEG-maleimide amphiphiles were created. The self-assembled lipid nanoparticles presented here have internal lyotropic liquid crystalline nano-structures, verified by synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering and cryo-transmission electron microscopy, that offer the potential of high drug loading and enhanced cell penetration. Anti-EGFR Fab' fragments were conjugated to the surface of nanoparticles via a maleimide-thiol reaction at a high conjugation efficiency and retained specificity following conjugation to the nanoparticles. The conjugated nanoparticles were demonstrated to have high affinity for an EGFR target in a ligand binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhai
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Private Bag 10, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia.
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Hartmann S, Seher A, Brands RC, Linz C, Lessner G, Böhm H, Kübler AC, Müller-Richter UDA. Influence of epidermal growth factor receptor expression on the cetuximab and panitumumab response rates of head and neck carcinoma cells. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014; 42:1322-8. [PMID: 24780353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression level on the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies against the EGFR. METHODS In four human head and neck carcinoma cell lines, epidermal growth factor expression was knocked down by lentiviral RNA interference. Next, the efficacies of cetuximab and panitumumab at concentrations of 4, 40, and 400 μg/ml were measured by real time cell analysis for a 48-h duration. Finally, the different response rates to the drugs were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The lentiviral EGFR knockdown efficiency ranged from 18 to 54 % across all of the cell lines. All original cell lines exhibited rather poor or inverse responses with regard to EGFR-AB treatment. In contrast, inhibiting EGFR expression in the same cell lines yielded statistically significant better responses to cetuximab or panitumumab treatment. CONCLUSIONS The cell lines used in this study responded poorly to cetuximab and panitumumab. Better anti-EGFR treatment efficacy was related to lower EGFR expression in head and neck cancer cell lines. These findings might influence the selection of patients to receive cetuximab and panitumumab treatment for head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hartmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery (Head: A. C. Kübler), University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Axel Seher
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery (Head: A. C. Kübler), University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roman C Brands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery (Head: A. C. Kübler), University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Linz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery (Head: A. C. Kübler), University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Grit Lessner
- Institute of Pathology (Head: A. Rosenwald), University Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Böhm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery (Head: A. C. Kübler), University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander C Kübler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery (Head: A. C. Kübler), University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Urs D A Müller-Richter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery (Head: A. C. Kübler), University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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Seo Y, Ishii Y, Ochiai H, Fukuda K, Akimoto S, Hayashida T, Okabayashi K, Tsuruta M, Hasegawa H, Kitagawa Y. Cetuximab-mediated ADCC activity is correlated with the cell surface expression level of EGFR but not with the KRAS/BRAF mutational status in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2115-22. [PMID: 24626880 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab, an IgG1 monoclonal antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is widely used for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). One of the mechanisms of action is considered to be antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) triggered by Fcγ-R on natural killer cells. However, whether ADCC is associated with EGFR expression and/or the mutational status of EGF downstream effectors (KRAS and BRAF) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to verify whether ADCC activities are associated with the cell surface expression levels of EGFR and/or the mutational status of KRAS and BRAF. Five human CRC cell lines with different cell surface expression levels of EGFR and different KRAS and BRAF mutational statuses were selected to evaluate ADCC activity using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy human donors. Furthermore, tumor cells from resected specimens of CRC patients were used to evaluate the cell surface expression level of EGFR using immunohistochemistry and the KRAS and BRAF mutational statuses using direct sequencing, while the ADCC activity was examined using PBMCs from the same CRC patients. A strong correlation was observed between the expression levels of EGFR and the ADCC activities in the cell lines (correlation coefficient: 0.949; P=0.003). Of the 13 resected specimens, a high ADCC activity level was significantly observed in tumor cells with high expression levels of cell surface EGFR, when compared with that in the tumor cells with low expression levels (P=0.027). In both CRC cell lines and tumor cells from CRC patients, the ADCC activities were significantly associated with the cell surface expression levels of EGFR [standard partial regression coefficients: 0.911 (P=0.017) and 0.660 (P=0.018), respectively], but not with the mutational status of KRAS and BRAF [standard partial regression coefficient: -0.101 (P=0.631) and 0.160 (P=0.510), respectively]. Cetuximab-mediated ADCC activity may be correlated with the cell surface expression level of EGFR, regardless of the mutational statuses of KRAS and BRAF, in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Seo
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ishii
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ochiai
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Fukuda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shingo Akimoto
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tetsu Hayashida
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Okabayashi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masashi Tsuruta
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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