Large daily stock variation is associated with cardiovascular mortality in two cities of Guangdong, China

Economic uncertainty and cardiovascular disease mortality

Previous studies have found a link between economic conditions, such as recessions and unemployment, and cardiovascular disease as well as other health outcomes. More recent research argues that economic uncertainty-independently of unemployment-can affect health outcomes. Using data from England and Wales, we study the association between fluctuations in economic uncertainty and cardiovascular disease mortality in the short term for the period 2001-2019. Controlling for several economic indicators (including unemployment), we find that economic uncertainty alone is strongly associated with deaths attributed to diseases of the circulatory system, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Our findings highlight the short-term link between economic conditions and cardiovascular health and reveal yet another health outcome that is associated with uncertainty.

Stock volatility and hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease: results from the National Insurance Claims for Epidemiological Research (NICER) study

BACKGROUND

The association between stock volatility and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was described during the 2008 Global Stock Market Crash; however, whether the finding in an occasional stock market crash is spurious remains unclear.

METHODS

A time-series design was used to evaluate the association between short-term exposure to daily returns of two major indices and daily hospital admissions for CVD and its subtypes based on claims data from the National Insurance Claims for Epidemiological Research (NICER) study covering 174 major cities in China. The average percentage change in daily hospital admissions for cause-specific CVD per 1% change in daily index returns was calculated because the Chinese stock market policy limits its change by 10% of the previous day's closing price. A Poisson regression in a generalised additive model was used to assess the city-specific association; then, overall national estimations were pooled by random-effects meta-analysis.

FINDINGS

Totally 8,234,164 hospital admissions for CVD were recorded during 2014-2017. Points of the Shanghai closing indices ranged from 1991·3 to 5166·4. A U-shaped association was observed between daily index returns and CVD admissions. Changes of 1% in daily returns of the Shanghai index corresponded to 1·28%(95%CI: 1·04%-1·53%), 1·25%(0·99%-1·51%), 1·42%(1·13%-1·72%), and 1·14%(0·39%-1·89%) increases in hospital admissions for total CVD, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, or heart failure on the same day, respectively. Similar results were observed for the Shenzhen index.

INTERPRETATION

Stock market volatility is associated with an increased CVD admission.

FUNDING

Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (2020YFC2003503) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (81973132, 81961128006).

Behavioral economics: who are the investors with the most sustainable stock happiness, and why? Low aspiration, external control, and country domicile may save your lives—monetary wisdom

Slight absolute changes in the Shanghai Stock Exchange Index (SHSE) corresponded to the city’s immediate increases in coronary heart disease deaths and stroke deaths. Significant fluctuations in the Shenzhen Stock Exchange Index (SZSE) corresponded to the country’s minor, delayed death rates. Investors deal with money, greed, stock volatility, and risky decision-making. Happy people live longer and better. We ask the following question: Who are the investors with the highest and most sustainable stock happiness, and why? Monetary wisdom asserts: Investors apply their deep-rooted values (avaricious love-of-money aspiration and locus of control, Level 2) as a lens to frame critical concerns in the proximal-immediate (Shanghai Stock Exchange Index changes, Level 1) and the omnibus-distal contexts (domicile: city vs. country, Level 2) to maximize expected utility (portfolio changes, Level 1) and ultimate serenity (stock happiness, Level 1). We collected multilevel data—the longitudinal SHSE and 227 private investors’ daily stock happiness and portfolio changes for 36 consecutive trading days in four regions of China. Investors had an average liquid asset of $76,747.41 and $54,660.85 in stocks. This study is not a “one-shot” game with “nothing at stake.” We classified Shanghai and Beijing as the city and Shenzhen and Chongqing as the country. Our cross-level 3-D visualization reveals that regardless of SHSE volatility, investors with low aspiration, external control, and country domicile enjoy the highest and most sustainable stock happiness with minimum fluctuations. Independently, investors with low aspiration, external control, and country domicile tend to make fewer portfolio changes than their counterparts. Behaviorally, less is more, debunking the myth—risky decisions excite stock happiness. Our longitudinal study expands prospect theory, incorporates attitude toward money, and makes robust contributions to behavioral economics and business ethics. We help investors and ordinary citizens make happy, healthy, and wealthy decisions. Most importantly, the life you save may be your own.

Short-term effect of stock volatility and cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke are leading causes of death. It has several risk factors, including stress and pressure. Stock volatility can cause acute stress for stockholders so that it can cause CVD events. Recently, the spread of new coronaviruses worldwide has affected economic development greatly, leading to more severe stock market fluctuations, so we systematically quantify the short-term effect of stock volatility and CVD events.

Methods

Time-series analysis on the effect of stock volatility and cardiovascular events were concluded. We conducted a systematic literature search for studies published in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Data up to the date February 9, 2020. We assessed publication bias using Egger’s test. Overall analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted separately.

Results

Four studies were finally included. Every 100-point increase in the stock market will bring about 1.01% increases in cardiovascular mortality [95% confidence intervals (CI), −0.18% to 2.21%]. The meta-analysis showed no statistical significance for cardiovascular mortality. Every 100-point increase in the stock market brought 1.01% increases in the cardiovascular mortality [95% CI, −0.18% to 2.21%]. In terms of stroke events, the estimated effect was 2.999% (95% CI, 0.325% to 5.673%). Different lag patterns also have effects on cardiovascular mortality. Every 100-point increase brought about 4.026% (95% CI, 1.516% to 6.536%) and 4.424% (95% CI, 1.145% to 7.703%) for lag 01 and 04 separately.

Conclusions

Though our study has a number of limitations due to the limited studies included, it suggested that stock volatility had a lagging effect on CVD mortality, which may last for several days. Also, it might increase the incidence of stroke.

H7N9 not only endanger human health but also hit stock marketing

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to discuss the correlation between daily reported H7N9 cases and stock price indices in China.

METHODS

Information on daily reported H7N9 cases and stock market sectors indices between February 19, 2013 and March 31, 2014 were collected. A distributed lag non-linear model was used to describe the variation trend for the stock indices.

RESULTS

The daily reported number of H7N9 cases was associated with the closing price of the Avian Influenza Sector Index (P < 0.05) and the opening price of the Shanghai Composite Index (P = 0.029). The Avian Influenza Sector Index decreased with increasing of daily reported case number when daily reported cases ≤ 4. Case number was associated with the opening/closing price of the Chinese Traditional Medicine Sector Index, the Biological Product Sector Index, and the Biomedicine Sector Index (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

New or reemerging infectious diseases epidemic cause economic loss which is reflected in movements in stock prices.

The temperature-mortality relationship in China: An analysis from 66 Chinese communities

BACKGROUND

Previous studies examining temperature-mortality associations in China focused on a single city or a small number of cities. A multi-city study covering different climatic zones is necessary to better understand regional differences in temperature risk on mortality in China.

METHODS

Sixty-six communities from 7 regions across China were included in this study. We first used a Distributed Lag Non-linear Model (DLNM) to estimate community-specific effects of temperature on non-accidental mortality during 2006-2011. A multivariate meta-analysis was then applied to pool the estimates of community-specific effects.

RESULTS

A U-shaped curve was observed between temperature and mortality at the national level in China, indicating both low and high temperatures were associated with increased mortality risk. The overall threshold was at about the 75th percentile of the pooled temperature distribution. The relative risk was 1.61 (95% CI: 1.48-1.74) for extremely cold temperature (1st percentile of temperature), and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.10-1.34) for extreme hot temperature (99th percentile of temperature) at lag0-21 days. The temperature-mortality relationship is different for different regions. Compared with north China, south China had a higher minimum mortality temperature (MMT), and there was a larger cold effect in the more southern parts of China and a more pronounced hot effect in more northern parts.

CONCLUSIONS

Both cold and hot temperatures increase mortality risk in China, and the relationship varies geographically. Our findings suggest that public health policies for climate change adaptation should be tailored to the local climate conditions.

Ischemic stroke hospital admission associated with ambient temperature in Jinan, China

BACKGROUND

This study estimated the effects of ambient temperature and relative humidity on hospital admissions for ischemic stroke during 1990-2009 in Jinan, China.

METHODS

To account for possible delayed effects and harvesting effect, we examined the impact of meteorological factors up to 30 days before each admission using a distributed lag non-linear model; we controlled for season, long-term trend, day of week and public holidays in the analysis. Stratified analyses were also done for summer and winter.

RESULTS

A total of 1,908 ischemic stroke hospital admissions were observed between 1990 and 2009. We found a strong non-linear acute effect of daily temperatures on ischemic stroke hospital admission. With the mean temperature 15°C as the reference, the relative risk (RR) was 1.43 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-1.85) for 0°C daily temperature on the same day, and 0.43 (95% CI: 0.31-0.59) for 30°C daily temperature on the same day, respectively. The effect of ambient temperature was similar in summer and winter. No significant association was observed between relative humidity and ischemic stroke hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONS

Low temperature might be a risk factor for ischemic stroke, and high temperature might be protective factor of ischemic stroke occurrence in Jinan, China.