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Saito T, Kikuchi K, Ishikawa T. Glucose stockpile in the intestinal apical brush border in C. elegans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 706:149762. [PMID: 38484572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Revealing the mechanisms of glucose transport is crucial for studying pathological diseases caused by glucose toxicities. Numerous studies have revealed molecular functions involved in glucose transport in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a commonly used model organism. However, the behavior of glucose in the intestinal lumen-to-cell remains elusive. To address that, we evaluated the diffusion coefficient of glucose in the intestinal apical brush border of C. elegans by using fluorescent glucose and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Fluorescent glucose taken in the intestine of worms accumulates in the apical brush border, and its diffusion coefficient of ∼10-8 cm2/s is two orders of magnitude slower than that in bulk. This result indicates that the intestinal brush border is a viscous layer. ERM-1 point mutations at the phosphorylation site, which shorten the microvilli length, did not significantly affect the diffusion coefficient of fluorescent glucose in the brush border. Our findings imply that glucose enrichment is dominantly maintained by the viscous layer composed of the glycocalyx and molecular complexes on the apical surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Saito
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, New Haven, Yale University, CT, USA; Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Kenji Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Takuji Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
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2
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Shiri TJ, Viau C, Gu X, Xu L, Lu Y, Xia J. The Native Microbiome Member Chryseobacterium sp. CHNTR56 MYb120 Induces Trehalose Production via a Shift in Central Carbon Metabolism during Early Life in C. elegans. Metabolites 2023; 13:953. [PMID: 37623896 PMCID: PMC10456584 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the system-wide loss of homeostasis, eventually leading to death. There is growing evidence that the microbiome not only evolves with its aging host, but also directly affects aging via the modulation of metabolites involved in important cellular functions. The widely used model organism C. elegans exhibits high selectivity towards its native microbiome members which confer a range of differential phenotypes and possess varying functional capacities. The ability of one such native microbiome species, Chryseobacterium sp. CHNTR56 MYb120, to improve the lifespan of C. elegans and to promote the production of Vitamin B6 in the co-colonizing member Comamonas sp. 12022 MYb131 are some of its beneficial effects on the worm host. We hypothesize that studying its metabolic influence on the different life stages of the worm could provide further insights into mutualistic interactions. The present work applied LC-MS untargeted metabolomics and isotope labeling to study the impact of the native microbiome member Chryseobacterium sp. CHNTR56 MYb120 on the metabolism of C. elegans. In addition to the upregulation of biosynthesis and detoxification pathway intermediates, we found that Chryseobacterium sp. CHNTR56 MYb120 upregulates the glyoxylate shunt in mid-adult worms which is linked to the upregulation of trehalose, an important metabolite for desiccation tolerance in older worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanisha Jean Shiri
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (T.J.S.); (C.V.); (X.G.); (L.X.)
| | - Charles Viau
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (T.J.S.); (C.V.); (X.G.); (L.X.)
| | - Xue Gu
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (T.J.S.); (C.V.); (X.G.); (L.X.)
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (T.J.S.); (C.V.); (X.G.); (L.X.)
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
| | - Jianguo Xia
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (T.J.S.); (C.V.); (X.G.); (L.X.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
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3
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Maushe D, Ogi V, Divakaran K, Verdecia Mogena AM, Himmighofen PA, Machado RAR, Towbin BD, Ehlers RU, Molina C, Parisod C, Maud Robert CA. Stress tolerance in entomopathogenic nematodes: Engineering superior nematodes for precision agriculture. J Invertebr Pathol 2023:107953. [PMID: 37336478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are soil-dwelling parasitic roundworms commonly used as biocontrol agents of insect pests in agriculture. EPN dauer juveniles locate and infect a host in which they will grow and multiply until resource depletion. During their free-living stage, EPNs face a series of internal and environmental stresses. Their ability to overcome these challenges is crucial to determine their infection success and survival. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of EPN response to stresses associated with starvation, low/elevated temperatures, desiccation, osmotic stress, hypoxia, and ultra-violet light. We further report EPN defense strategies to cope with biotic stressors such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and predatory insects. By comparing the genetic and biochemical basis of these strategies to the nematode model Caenorhabditis elegans, we provide new avenues and targets to select and engineer precision nematodes adapted to specific field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Maushe
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vera Ogi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Keerthi Divakaran
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul Anton Himmighofen
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo A R Machado
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Daniel Towbin
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ralf-Udo Ehlers
- e- nema GmbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28-36, DE-24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Carlos Molina
- e- nema GmbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28-36, DE-24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Christian Parisod
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Aurélie Maud Robert
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 4, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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4
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Watanabe K, Nakano M, Maruyama Y, Hirayama J, Suzuki N, Hattori A. Nocturnal melatonin increases glucose uptake via insulin-independent action in the goldfish brain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1173113. [PMID: 37288290 PMCID: PMC10242130 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1173113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a neurohormone nocturnally produced by the pineal gland, is known to regulate the circadian rhythm. It has been recently reported that variants of melatonin receptors are associated with an increased risk of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes, suggesting that melatonin may be involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Insulin is a key hormone that regulates circulating glucose levels and cellular metabolism after food intake in many tissues, including the brain. Although cells actively uptake glucose even during sleep and without food, little is known regarding the physiological effects of nocturnal melatonin on glucose homeostasis. Therefore, we presume the involvement of melatonin in the diurnal rhythm of glucose metabolism, independent of insulin action after food intake. In the present study, goldfish (Carassius auratus) was used as an animal model, since this species has no insulin-dependent glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). We found that in fasted individuals, plasma melatonin levels were significantly higher and insulin levels were significantly lower during the night. Furthermore, glucose uptake in the brain, liver, and muscle tissues also significantly increased at night. After intraperitoneal administration of melatonin, glucose uptake by the brain and liver showed significantly greater increases than in the control group. The administration of melatonin also significantly decreased plasma glucose levels in hyperglycemic goldfish, but failed to alter insulin mRNA expression in Brockmann body and plasma insulin levels. Using an insulin-free medium, we demonstrated that melatonin treatment increased glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner in primary cell cultures of goldfish brain and liver cells. Moreover, the addition of a melatonin receptor antagonist decreased glucose uptake in hepatocytes, but not in brain cells. Next, treatment with N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK), a melatonin metabolite in the brain, directly increased glucose uptake in cultured brain cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that melatonin is a possible circadian regulator of glucose homeostasis, whereas insulin acquires its effect on glucose metabolism following food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Watanabe
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakano
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maruyama
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Sport and Wellness, College of Sport and Wellness, Rikkyo University, Niiza, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Sustainable Systems Science, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-Cho, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Sport and Wellness, College of Sport and Wellness, Rikkyo University, Niiza, Saitama, Japan
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5
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Suzuki Y, Kikuchi K, Numayama-Tsuruta K, Ishikawa T. Reciprocating intestinal flows enhance glucose uptake in C. elegans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15310. [PMID: 36130988 PMCID: PMC9492717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its physiological and pathological importance, the mechanical relationship between glucose uptake in the intestine and intestinal flows is unclear. In the intestine of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the defecation motor program (DMP) causes reciprocating intestinal flows. Although the DMP is frequently activated in the intestines, its physiological function is unknown. We evaluated the mechanical signature of enhanced glucose uptake by the DMP in worms. Glucose uptake tended to increase with increasing flow velocity during the DMP because of mechanical mixing and transport. However, the increase in input energy required for the DMP was low compared with the calorie intake. The findings suggest that animals with gastrointestinal motility exploit the reciprocating intestinal flows caused by peristalsis to promote nutrient absorption by intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kenji Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Keiko Numayama-Tsuruta
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
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6
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Paredes GF, Viehboeck T, Markert S, Mausz MA, Sato Y, Liebeke M, König L, Bulgheresi S. Differential regulation of degradation and immune pathways underlies adaptation of the ectosymbiotic nematode Laxus oneistus to oxic-anoxic interfaces. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9725. [PMID: 35697683 PMCID: PMC9192688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes may experience oxygen deprivation under both physiological and pathological conditions. Because oxygen shortage leads to a reduction in cellular energy production, all eukaryotes studied so far conserve energy by suppressing their metabolism. However, the molecular physiology of animals that naturally and repeatedly experience anoxia is underexplored. One such animal is the marine nematode Laxus oneistus. It thrives, invariably coated by its sulfur-oxidizing symbiont Candidatus Thiosymbion oneisti, in anoxic sulfidic or hypoxic sand. Here, transcriptomics and proteomics showed that, whether in anoxia or not, L. oneistus mostly expressed genes involved in ubiquitination, energy generation, oxidative stress response, immune response, development, and translation. Importantly, ubiquitination genes were also highly expressed when the nematode was subjected to anoxic sulfidic conditions, together with genes involved in autophagy, detoxification and ribosome biogenesis. We hypothesize that these degradation pathways were induced to recycle damaged cellular components (mitochondria) and misfolded proteins into nutrients. Remarkably, when L. oneistus was subjected to anoxic sulfidic conditions, lectin and mucin genes were also upregulated, potentially to promote the attachment of its thiotrophic symbiont. Furthermore, the nematode appeared to survive oxygen deprivation by using an alternative electron carrier (rhodoquinone) and acceptor (fumarate), to rewire the electron transfer chain. On the other hand, under hypoxia, genes involved in costly processes (e.g., amino acid biosynthesis, development, feeding, mating) were upregulated, together with the worm's Toll-like innate immunity pathway and several immune effectors (e.g., bactericidal/permeability-increasing proteins, fungicides). In conclusion, we hypothesize that, in anoxic sulfidic sand, L. oneistus upregulates degradation processes, rewires the oxidative phosphorylation and reinforces its coat of bacterial sulfur-oxidizers. In upper sand layers, instead, it appears to produce broad-range antimicrobials and to exploit oxygen for biosynthesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela F Paredes
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Environmental Cell Biology Group, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Viehboeck
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Environmental Cell Biology Group, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie Markert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Yui Sato
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Manuel Liebeke
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lena König
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Environmental Cell Biology Group, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Bulgheresi
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Environmental Cell Biology Group, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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7
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Kim H, Lee AR, Jeon KY, Ko EJ, Cha HJ, Ock MS. Identification of the transcriptome profile of Miamiensis avidus after mebendazole treatment. KOSIN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.7180/kmj.22.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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8
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Stryiński R, Mateos J, Carrera M, Jastrzębski JP, Bogacka I, Łopieńska-Biernat E. Tandem Mass Tagging (TMT) Reveals Tissue-Specific Proteome of L4 Larvae of Anisakis simplex s. s.: Enzymes of Energy and/or Carbohydrate Metabolism as Potential Drug Targets in Anisakiasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084336. [PMID: 35457153 PMCID: PMC9027741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anisakis simplex s. s. is a parasitic nematode of marine mammals and causative agent of anisakiasis in humans. The cuticle and intestine of the larvae are the tissues most responsible for direct and indirect contact, respectively, of the parasite with the host. At the L4 larval stage, tissues, such as the cuticle and intestine, are fully developed and functional, in contrast to the L3 stage. As such, this work provides for the first time the tissue-specific proteome of A. simplex s. s. larvae in the L4 stage. Statistical analysis (FC ≥ 2; p-value ≤ 0.01) showed that 107 proteins were differentially regulated (DRPs) between the cuticle and the rest of the larval body. In the comparison between the intestine and the rest of the larval body at the L4 stage, 123 proteins were identified as DRPs. Comparison of the individual tissues examined revealed a total of 272 DRPs, with 133 proteins more abundant in the cuticle and 139 proteins more abundant in the intestine. Detailed functional analysis of the identified proteins was performed using bioinformatics tools. Glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were the most enriched metabolic pathways by cuticular and intestinal proteins, respectively, in the L4 stage of A. simplex s. s. The presence of two proteins, folliculin (FLCN) and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), was confirmed by Western blot, and their tertiary structure was predicted and compared with other species. In addition, host–pathogen interactions were identified, and potential new allergens were predicted. The result of this manuscript shows the largest number of protein identifications to our knowledge using proteomics tools for different tissues of L4 larvae of A. simplex s. s. The identified tissue-specific proteins could serve as targets for new drugs against anisakiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stryiński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (M.C.); (E.Ł.-B.)
| | - Jesús Mateos
- Clinical Pharmacology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, 15-706 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 36-208 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (M.C.); (E.Ł.-B.)
| | - Jan Paweł Jastrzębski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Iwona Bogacka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (M.C.); (E.Ł.-B.)
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9
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Garde A, Kenny IW, Kelley LC, Chi Q, Mutlu AS, Wang MC, Sherwood DR. Localized glucose import, glycolytic processing, and mitochondria generate a focused ATP burst to power basement-membrane invasion. Dev Cell 2022; 57:732-749.e7. [PMID: 35316617 PMCID: PMC8969095 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Invasive cells use transient, energy-consuming protrusions to breach basement membrane (BM) barriers. Using the ATP sensor PercevalHR during anchor cell (AC) invasion in Caenorhabditis elegans, we show that BM invasion is accompanied by an ATP burst from mitochondria at the invasive front. RNAi screening and visualization of a glucose biosensor identified two glucose transporters, FGT-1 and FGT-2, which bathe invasive front mitochondria with glucose and facilitate the ATP burst to form protrusions. FGT-1 localizes at high levels along the invasive membrane, while FGT-2 is adaptive, enriching most strongly during BM breaching and when FGT-1 is absent. Cytosolic glycolytic enzymes that process glucose for mitochondrial ATP production cluster with invasive front mitochondria and promote higher mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels. Finally, we show that UNC-6 (netrin), which polarizes invasive protrusions, also orients FGT-1. These studies reveal a robust and integrated energy acquisition, processing, and delivery network that powers BM breaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Garde
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Isabel W Kenny
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Laura C Kelley
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Qiuyi Chi
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ayse Sena Mutlu
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Meng C Wang
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David R Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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10
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Franco-Juárez B, Gómez-Manzo S, Hernández-Ochoa B, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Arreguin-Espinosa R, Pérez de la Cruz V, Ortega-Cuellar D. Effects of High Dietary Carbohydrate and Lipid Intake on the Lifespan of C. elegans. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092359. [PMID: 34572007 PMCID: PMC8465757 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Health and lifespan are influenced by dietary nutrients, whose balance is dependent on the supply or demand of each organism. Many studies have shown that an increased carbohydrate–lipid intake plays a critical role in metabolic dysregulation, which impacts longevity. Caenorhabditis elegans has been successfully used as an in vivo model to study the effects of several factors, such as genetic, environmental, diet, and lifestyle factors, on the molecular mechanisms that have been linked to healthspan, lifespan, and the aging process. There is evidence showing the causative effects of high glucose on lifespan in different diabetic models; however, the precise biological mechanisms affected by dietary nutrients, specifically carbohydrates and lipids, as well as their links with lifespan and longevity, remain unknown. Here, we provide an overview of the deleterious effects caused by high-carbohydrate and high-lipid diets, as well as the molecular signals that affect the lifespan of C. elegans; thus, understanding the detailed molecular mechanisms of high-glucose- and lipid-induced changes in whole organisms would allow the targeting of key regulatory factors to ameliorate metabolic disorders and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Franco-Juárez
- Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Noemi Cárdenas-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Arreguin-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Ortega-Cuellar
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-1084-0900
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11
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Ogurusu T, Sakata K. The Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of human mitochondrial pyrimidine nucleotide transporter regulates glucose transport. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 557:117-121. [PMID: 33862454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans T09F3.2 is a homolog of the human mitochondrial pyrimidine nucleotide transporter. We isolated a T09F3.2 mutant (TOG2) with a 0.7 kb deletion in T09F3.2, which exhibited low growth and movement. TOG2 worms exhibited high glucose content and low lipid content in intestinal cells and oocytes, suggesting glucose leakage from these cells. The glucose transport inhibitor phloretin improved the growth of TOG2 worms, suggesting that T09F3.2 regulates the phloretin-sensitive glucose transporter FGT-1. The localization of T09F3.2 was examined to assess the regulation of FGT-1 by T09F3.2. Distinct expression of T09F3.2 fused with DsRed-Monomer (T09F3.2:DsRed-Monomer) was observed in the basal domain of intestinal cells and was weakly expressed in many cells. Colocalization of FGT-1 and T09F3.2 was observed in the intestinal cell surface and body wall muscle. This colocalization supports the regulation of FGT-1 by T09F3.2. These results reveal new aspects of glucose transporter regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarou Ogurusu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Iwate University, 4 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan.
| | - Kazumi Sakata
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Iwate University, 4 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
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12
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Rasulova M, Zečić A, Monje Moreno JM, Vandemeulebroucke L, Dhondt I, Braeckman BP. Elevated Trehalose Levels in C. elegans daf-2 Mutants Increase Stress Resistance, Not Lifespan. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020105. [PMID: 33673074 PMCID: PMC7917784 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The C. elegans insulin/IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) signaling mutant daf-2 recapitulates the dauer metabolic signature—a shift towards lipid and carbohydrate accumulation—which may be linked to its longevity and stress resistance phenotypes. Trehalose, a disaccharide of glucose, is highly upregulated in daf‑2 mutants and it has been linked to proteome stabilization and protection against heat, cold, desiccation, and hypoxia. Earlier studies suggested that elevated trehalose levels can explain up to 43% of the lifespan extension observed in daf-2 mutants. Here we demonstrate that trehalose accumulation is responsible for increased osmotolerance, and to some degree thermotolerance, rather than longevity in daf-2 mutants. This indicates that particular stress resistance phenotypes can be uncoupled from longevity.
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13
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Arsenite-induced transgenerational glycometabolism is associated with up-regulation of H3K4me2 via inhibiting spr-5 in caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Lett 2020; 326:11-17. [PMID: 32142838 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic element that is highly abundant in the environment. However, there has not been sufficient research into the mechanisms of arsenic-induced transgenerational effects. In biomedical and environmental toxicology research field, C. elegans are often used as the ideal model. In this study, F0 generation animals were cultured with arsenite, while subsequent generations animals (F1 - F6) were cultured in the absence of arsenic. Experiments were performed to examine the transgenerational glycometabolism and the associated mechanisms in all seven generations (F0 - F6) of C. elegans. Results show that arsenite exposure increased total glucose content but reduced glucose metabolites in F0 generation C. elegans. The total glucose content was also elevated in subsequent generations probably due to transgenerational downregulation of fgt-1. In addition, arsenite exposure induced transgenerational downregulation of histone demethyltransferase spr-5 and elevated histone dimethylation in F0 generation. This study highlights that single generation exposure to arsenite causes transgenerational changes in glycometabolism in C. elegans, which may be caused by downregulation of spr-5 and elevation of H3K4me2.
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14
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Effects of excess sugars and lipids on the growth and development of Caenorhabditis elegans. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:1. [PMID: 32015763 PMCID: PMC6988283 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-0659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Excessive intake of carbohydrates and fats causes over-nutrition, leading to a variety of diseases and complications. Here, we characterized the effects of different types of sugar and lipids on the growth and development of Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods We measured the lifespan, reproductive capacity, and length of nematodes after sugars and lipids treatment alone and co-treatment of sugars and lipids. Furthermore, we studied the mechanisms underlying the damage caused by high-sucrose and high-stearic acid on C.elegans by using transcriptome sequencing technology. Results The results showed that a certain concentration of sugar and lipid promoted the growth and development of nematodes. However, excessive sugars and lipids shortened the lifespan and length of nematodes and destroyed their reproductive capacity. Based on the results of the orthogonal test, we selected 400 mmol/L sucrose and 500 μg/mL stearic acid to model a high-sugar and high-lipid diet for C. elegans. Conclusion High-sugar and high-lipid intake altered the expression of genes involved in biofilm synthesis, genes that catalyze the synthesis and degradation of endogenous substances, and genes involved in innate immunity, resulting in physiological damage. Furthermore, we explored the protective effect of resveratrol on high-sugar and high-lipid damage to nematodes. Resveratrol plays a role in repairing by participating in the metabolism of foreign substances and reducing cellular oxidative stress.
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15
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Łopieńska-Biernat E, Paukszto Ł, Jastrzębski JP, Myszczyński K, Polak I, Stryiński R. Genome-wide analysis of Anisakis simplex sensu lato: the role of carbohydrate metabolism genes in the parasite's development. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:933-943. [PMID: 31560928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Anisakis simplex sensu lato is a parasitic nematode which can cause gastric symptoms and/or allergic reactions in humans who consume raw and undercooked fish. Anisakiasis poses a growing health problem around the globe because it causes non-specific symptoms and is difficult to diagnose. This genome-wide study was undertaken to expand our knowledge of A. simplex s.l. at the molecular level and provide novel data for biological and biotechnological research into the analyzed species and related nematodes. A draft genome assembly of the L3 stage of A. simplex s.l. was analyzed in detail, and changes in the expression of carbohydrate metabolism genes during the parasite's life cycle were determined. To our knowledge, this is the first genome to be described for a parasitic nematode of the family Anisakidae to date. We identified genes involved in parasite-specific pathways, including carbohydrates metabolism, apoptosis and chemo signaling. A total of 7607 coding genes were predicted. The genome of A. simplex s.l. is highly similar to genomes of other parasitic nematodes. In particular, we described a valuable repository of genes encoding proteins of trehalose and glycogen metabolism, and we developed the most comprehensive data set relating to the conversion of both saccharides which play important roles during the parasite's life cycle in a host environment. We also confirmed that trehalose is synthesized at the expense of glycogen. Trehalose anabolism and glycogen catabolism were the predominant processes in stages L4 and L5, which could confirm our and other authors' previous reports that trehalose is synthesized at the expense of glycogen. The A. simplex s.l. genome provides essential data for post-genomic research into the biology of gastrointestinal and allergic anisakiasis in humans and the biology of other important parasitic helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Paukszto
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Paweł Jastrzębski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamil Myszczyński
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Iwona Polak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Robert Stryiński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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16
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Tan Z, Chekabab SM, Yu H, Yin X, Diarra MS, Yang C, Gong J. Growth and Virulence of Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants Deficient in Iron Uptake. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:13218-13230. [PMID: 31460449 PMCID: PMC6705229 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of iron, iron chelators, and mutations of tonB or iroN fepA genes on the growth and virulence of Salmonella Typhimurium. Results indicated that organic iron (ferric citrate and ferrous-l-ascorbate) supported better growth of Salmonella compared to inorganic iron. Among tested chelators, 2,2'-bipyridyl at 500 μM showed the highest inhibition of Salmonella growth with 5 μM ferrous sulfate. Deletion of genes (tonB- and iroN- fepA- ) in the iron uptake system attenuated Salmonella invasion of Caco-2 cells and its ability to damage the epithelial monolayer. The expression of all tested host genes in Caco-2 was not affected under the iron-poor condition. However, claudin 3, tight junction protein 1, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were altered under the iron-rich condition depending on individual mutations. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a significant down-regulation of ferritin 1 expression was observed when the nematode was infected by the wild-type (WT) strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Tan
- Guelph Research
and Development Centre, Agriculture and
Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Samuel M. Chekabab
- Guelph Research
and Development Centre, Agriculture and
Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Hai Yu
- Guelph Research
and Development Centre, Agriculture and
Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Xianhua Yin
- Guelph Research
and Development Centre, Agriculture and
Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Moussa S. Diarra
- Guelph Research
and Development Centre, Agriculture and
Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research
and Development Centre, Agriculture and
Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada
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17
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Spanier B, Wallwitz J, Zapoglou D, Idrissou BMG, Fischer C, Troll M, Petzold K, Daniel H. The Reproduction Rate of Peptide Transporter PEPT-1 Deficient C. elegans Is Dependent on Dietary Glutamate Supply. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:109. [PMID: 30560135 PMCID: PMC6284198 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal absorption of dietary amino acids is mediated via two routes. Free amino acids released by hydrolysis of dietary proteins are taken up by a multitude of amino acid transporters while di- and tripeptides released are taken up by the peptide transporter PEPT-1. Loss of PEPT-1 impairs growth, post-embryonic development and reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans, and supplementation with a mixture of all L-amino acids only partially rescues fertility. In the present study, we demonstrate that dietary L-glutamate is the responsible amino acid that can increase fertility in hermaphrodite pept-1 worms. This effect was associated with a significantly higher uptake of glutamate/aspartate in pept-1 than in wildtype C. elegans. Furthermore, we found that the intestinal transporter proteins SNF-5 of the solute carrier SLC6 family of nutrient amino acid transporters (NAT) and AAT-6 of the SLC7 family as the light subunit of a heteromeric amino acid transporter (HAT) play a key role in glutamate homeostasis in pept-1 C. elegans. Genes encoding these transporters are highly expressed and upon silencing a 95% reduced fertility (snf-5) and sterility (aat-6) was observed. A subsequent L-glutamate supplementation failed to rescue these phenotypes. Dietary glutamate supplementation did neither influence the feeding frequency, nor did it improve mating efficiency of pept-1 males. Most strikingly, pept-1 were more prone to habituation to repeated gentle touch stimuli than wildtype C. elegans, and dietary glutamate supply was sufficient to alter this behavioral output by restoring the mechanosensory response to wildtype levels. Taken together, our data demonstrate a key role of L-glutamate in amino acid homeostasis in C. elegans lacking the peptide transporter in the intestine and demonstrate its distinct role in reproduction and for neural circuits mediating touch sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Spanier
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Despoina Zapoglou
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christine Fischer
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Troll
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Petzold
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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18
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O-GlcNAc Signaling Orchestrates the Regenerative Response to Neuronal Injury in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1931-1938.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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19
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Watts JL, Ristow M. Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2017; 207:413-446. [PMID: 28978773 PMCID: PMC5629314 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism are highly conserved processes that affect nearly all aspects of organismal biology. Caenorhabditis elegans eat bacteria, which consist of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins that are broken down during digestion into fatty acids, simple sugars, and amino acid precursors. With these nutrients, C. elegans synthesizes a wide range of metabolites that are required for development and behavior. In this review, we outline lipid and carbohydrate structures as well as biosynthesis and breakdown pathways that have been characterized in C. elegans We bring attention to functional studies using mutant strains that reveal physiological roles for specific lipids and carbohydrates during development, aging, and adaptation to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Watts
- School of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach-Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Lee D, Son HG, Jung Y, Lee SJV. The role of dietary carbohydrates in organismal aging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1793-1803. [PMID: 27942749 PMCID: PMC11107617 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are essential nutrients that are used as a primary source of energy. Carbohydrate utilization should be properly controlled, as abnormal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism is associated with diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and stroke. These metabolic syndromes have become a serious problem in developed countries, and there is an increased need for research examining the influence of carbohydrates on animal physiology. Diets enriched in glucose, a major carbohydrate, are also associated with accelerated aging in several model organisms, including yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Genetic factors that mediate the effects of high glucose diets on aging have been identified during the last decade, mostly through the use of C. elegans. In this review, we describe studies that determine the effects of carbohydrate-enriched diets on aging by focusing on the mechanisms through which evolutionarily conserved pathways mediate the lifespan-altering effects of glucose in C. elegans. These include the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1, sterol-regulatory element-binding protein, and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. We also discuss the effects of various carbohydrates and carbohydrate-derived metabolites on aging in model organisms and cultured mammalian cells. Finally, we discuss how dietary carbohydrates influence health and aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Heehwa G Son
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Yoonji Jung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jae V Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Gyeongbuk, South Korea.
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Gyeongbuk, South Korea.
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21
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Filippopoulou K, Papaevgeniou N, Lefaki M, Paraskevopoulou A, Biedermann D, Křen V, Chondrogianni N. 2,3-Dehydrosilybin A/B as a pro-longevity and anti-aggregation compound. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 103:256-267. [PMID: 28039083 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is an unavoidable process characterized by gradual failure of homeostasis that constitutes a critical risk factor for several age-related disorders. It has been unveiled that manipulation of various key pathways may decelerate the aging progression and the triggering of age-related diseases. As a consequence, the identification of compounds, preferably natural-occurring, administered through diet, with lifespan-extending, anti-aggregation and anti-oxidation properties that in parallel exhibit negligible side-effects is the main goal in the battle against aging. Here we analyze the role of 2,3-dehydrosilybin A/B (DHS A/B), a minor component of silymarin used in a plethora of dietary supplements. This flavonolignan is well-known for its anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties, among others. We demonstrate that DHS A/B confers oxidative stress resistance not only in human primary cells but also in the context of a multi-cellular aging model, namely Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) where it also promotes lifespan extension. We reveal that these DHS A/B outcomes are FGT-1 and DAF-16 dependent. We additionally demonstrate the anti-aggregation properties of DHS A/B in human cells of nervous origin but also in nematode models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), eventually leading to decelerated progression of AD phenotype. Our results identify DHS A/B as the active component of silymarin extract and propose DHS A/B as a candidate anti-aging and anti-aggregation compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Filippopoulou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Papaevgeniou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece; Institute of Nutrition, Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 25 Dornburger Str., 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Maria Lefaki
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Anna Paraskevopoulou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece
| | - David Biedermann
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Biotransformation, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Niki Chondrogianni
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece.
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22
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Kitaoka S, Morielli AD, Zhao FQ. FGT-1-mediated glucose uptake is defective in insulin/IGF-like signaling mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:576-85. [PMID: 27419060 PMCID: PMC4887973 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin signaling plays a central role in the regulation of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs) in humans. To establish Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a model to study the mechanism underlying insulin regulation of GLUT, we identified that FGT‐1 is most likely the only functional GLUT homolog in C. elegans and is ubiquitously expressed. The FGT‐1‐mediated glucose uptake was almost completely defective in insulin/IGF‐like signaling (IIS) mutants daf‐2 and age‐1, and this defect mainly resulted from the down‐regulated FGT‐1 protein expression. However, glycosylation may also be involved because OGA‐1, an O‐GlcNAcase, was essential for the function of FGT‐1. Thus, our study showed that C. elegans can be a new powerful model system to study insulin regulation of GLUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Kitaoka
- Laboratory of Lactation and Metabolic Physiology Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences University of Vermont Burlington VT USA; Present address: Drug Discovery Laboratory Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Akitakata Hiroshima Japan
| | - Anthony D Morielli
- Department of Pharmacology College of Medicine University of Vermont Burlington VT USA
| | - Feng-Qi Zhao
- Laboratory of Lactation and Metabolic Physiology Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences University of Vermont Burlington VT USA
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23
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Zhu G, Yin F, Wang L, Wei W, Jiang L, Qin J. Modeling type 2 diabetes-like hyperglycemia in C. elegans on a microdevice. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 8:30-8. [PMID: 26658553 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00243e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been widely used as a model organism for biomedical research due to its sufficient homology with mammals at the molecular and genomic levels. In this work, we describe a microfluidic assay to model type 2 diabetes-like hyperglycemia in C. elegans to examine several aspects of this disease on a microdevice. The microdevice is characterized by the integration of long-term worm culture, worm immobilization, and precise chemical stimuli in a single device, thus enabling the multi-parameter analysis of individual worms at a single-animal resolution. With this device, the lifespan, oxidative stress responses, and lipid metabolism of individual worms in response to different glucose concentrations were characterized. It was found that the mean lifespan of worms was significantly reduced by as much as 29.0% and 30.8% in worms that were subjected to 100 mM and 200 mM glucose, respectively. The expression of oxidative stress protein gst-4 was increased, and the expression of hsp-70 (heat shock protein) and skn-1 (redox sensitive transcription factor) genes was down-regulated in worms treated with a high level of glucose. Moreover, fat storage was markedly increased in the bodies of VS29 worms (vha-6p::GFP::dgat-2) that were exposed to the high-glucose condition. The established approach is not only suitable for further elucidation of the mechanism of metabolic disorders involved in diabetes and its complications, but also facilitates the evaluation of anti-diabetic drugs in a high-throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Zhu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Yoshina S, Mitani S. Loss of C. elegans GON-1, an ADAMTS9 Homolog, Decreases Secretion Resulting in Altered Lifespan and Dauer Formation. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26218657 PMCID: PMC4517882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAMTS9 is a metalloprotease that cleaves components of the extracellular matrix and is also implicated in transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi. It has been reported that an ADAMTS9 gene variant is associated with type 2 diabetes. The underlying pathology of type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ADAMTS9 function in beta cells and peripheral tissues are unknown. We show that loss of C. elegans GON-1, an ADAMTS9 homolog, alters lifespan and dauer formation. GON-1 loss impairs secretion of proteins such as insulin orthologs and TGF-beta, and additionally impacts insulin/IGF-1 signaling in peripheral tissues. The function of the GON domain, but not the protease domain, is essential for normal lifespan and dauer formation in these scenarios. We conclude that the GON domain is critical for ADAMTS9/GON-1 function across species, which should help the understanding of type 2 diabetes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Yoshina
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 162–8666, Japan
| | - Shohei Mitani
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 162–8666, Japan
- Tokyo Women’s Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences (TIIMS), Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, 162–8666, Japan
- * E-mail:
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25
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Glucose induces sensitivity to oxygen deprivation and modulates insulin/IGF-1 signaling and lipid biosynthesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2015; 200:167-84. [PMID: 25762526 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.174631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a central environmental factor that contributes to the phenotype and physiology of individuals. At the root of many human health issues is the excess of calorie intake relative to calorie expenditure. For example, the increasing amount of dietary sugars in the human diet is contributing to the rise of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes have compromised oxygen delivery, and thus it is of interest to investigate the impact a high-sugar diet has on oxygen deprivation responses. By utilizing the Caenorhabditis elegans genetic model system, which is anoxia tolerant, we determined that a glucose-supplemented diet negatively impacts responses to anoxia and that the insulin-like signaling pathway, through fatty acid and ceramide synthesis, modulates anoxia survival. Additionally, a glucose-supplemented diet alters lipid localization and initiates a positive chemotaxis response. Use of RNA-sequencing analysis to compare gene expression responses in animals fed either a standard or glucose-supplemented diet revealed that glucose impacts the expression of genes involved with multiple cellular processes including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, stress responses, cell division, and extracellular functions. Several of the genes we identified show homology to human genes that are differentially regulated in response to obesity or type 2 diabetes, suggesting that there may be conserved gene expression responses between C. elegans fed a glucose-supplemented diet and a diabetic and/or obesity state observed in humans. These findings support the utility of the C. elegans model for understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating dietary-induced metabolic diseases.
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Lee D, Hwang W, Artan M, Jeong DE, Lee SJ. Effects of nutritional components on aging. Aging Cell 2015; 14:8-16. [PMID: 25339542 PMCID: PMC4326908 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals regulate various physiological processes and are essential for the survival of organisms. Reduced overall caloric intake delays aging in various organisms. However, the role of each nutritional component in the regulation of lifespan is not well established. In this review, we describe recent studies focused on the regulatory role of each type of nutrient in aging. Moreover, we will discuss how the amount or composition of each nutritional component may influence longevity or health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Lee
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Wooseon Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Murat Artan
- Information Technology Convergence Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Dae-Eun Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk South Korea
- Information Technology Convergence Engineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk South Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering; Pohang University of Science and Technology; Pohang Gyeongbuk 790-784 South Korea
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Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is widely used as a model for investigation of the relationships between aging, nutrient restriction and signalling via the DAF-2 (abnormal dauer formation 2) receptor for insulin-like peptides and AGE-1 [ageing alteration 1; orthologue of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)], but the identity of the glucose transporters that may link these processes is unknown. We unexpectedly find that of the eight putative GLUT (glucose transporter)-like genes only the two splice variants of one gene have a glucose transport function in an oocyte expression system. We have named this gene fgt-1 (facilitated glucose transporter, isoform 1). We show that knockdown of fgt-1 RNA leads to loss of glucose transport and reduced glucose metabolism in wild-type worms. The FGT-1 glucose transporters of C. elegans thus play a key role in glucose energy supply to C. elegans. Importantly, knockdown of fgt-1 leads to an extension of lifespan equivalent, but not additive, to that observed in daf-2 and age-1 mutant worms. The results of the present study are consistent with DAF-2 and AGE-1 signalling stimulating glucose transport in C. elegans and this process being associated with the longevity phenotype in daf-2 and age-1 mutant worms. We propose that fgt-1 constitutes a common axis for the lifespan extending effects of nutrient restriction and reduced insulin-like peptide signalling.
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