1
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Qin D, Wang R, Ji J, Wang D, Lu Y, Cao S, Chen Y, Wang L, Chen X, Zhang L. Hepatocyte-specific Sox9 knockout ameliorates acute liver injury by suppressing SHP signaling and improving mitochondrial function. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:159. [PMID: 37649095 PMCID: PMC10468867 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sex determining region Y related high-mobility group box protein 9 (Sox9) is expressed in a subset of hepatocytes, and it is important for chronic liver injury. However, the roles of Sox9+ hepatocytes in response to the acute liver injury and repair are poorly understood. METHODS In this study, we developed the mature hepatocyte-specific Sox9 knockout mouse line and applied three acute liver injury models including PHx, CCl4 and hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR). Huh-7 cells were subjected to treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in order to induce cellular damage in an in vitro setting. RESULTS We found the positive effect of Sox9 deletion on acute liver injury repair. Small heterodimer partner (SHP) expression was highly suppressed in hepatocyte-specific Sox9 deletion mouse liver, accompanied by less cell death and more cell proliferation. However, in mice with hepatocyte-specific Sox9 deletion and SHP overexpression, we observed an opposite phenotype. In addition, the overexpression of SOX9 in H2O2-treated Huh-7 cells resulted in an increase in cytoplasmic SHP accumulation, accompanied by a reduction of SHP in the nucleus. This led to impaired mitochondrial function and subsequent cell death. Notably, both the mitochondrial dysfunction and cell damage were reversed when SHP siRNA was employed, indicating the crucial role of SHP in mediating these effects. Furthermore, we found that Sox9, as a vital transcription factor, directly bound to SHP promoter to regulate SHP transcription. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings unravel the mechanism by which hepatocyte-specific Sox9 knockout ameliorates acute liver injury via suppressing SHP signaling and improving mitochondrial function. This study may provide a new treatment strategy for acute liver injury in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jinwei Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Duo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyao Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yaqing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28th Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28th Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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2
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Lu H, Lei X, Winkler R, John S, Kumar D, Li W, Alnouti Y. Crosstalk of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4a and glucocorticoid receptor in the regulation of lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat-high-sugar diet. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:46. [PMID: 35614477 PMCID: PMC9134643 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), master regulators of liver metabolism, are down-regulated in fatty liver diseases. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of down-regulation of HNF4α and GR in fatty liver and hyperlipidemia. Methods Adult mice with liver-specific heterozygote (HET) and knockout (KO) of HNF4α or GR were fed a high-fat-high-sugar diet (HFHS) for 15 days. Alterations in hepatic and circulating lipids were determined with analytical kits, and changes in hepatic mRNA and protein expression in these mice were quantified by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Serum and hepatic levels of bile acids were quantified by LC-MS/MS. The roles of HNF4α and GR in regulating hepatic gene expression were determined using luciferase reporter assays. Results Compared to HFHS-fed wildtype mice, HNF4α HET mice had down-regulation of lipid catabolic genes, induction of lipogenic genes, and increased hepatic and blood levels of lipids, whereas HNF4α KO mice had fatty liver but mild hypolipidemia, down-regulation of lipid-efflux genes, and induction of genes for uptake, synthesis, and storage of lipids. Serum levels of chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid tended to be decreased in the HNF4α HET mice but dramatically increased in the HNF4α KO mice, which was associated with marked down-regulation of cytochrome P450 7a1, the rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid synthesis. Hepatic mRNA and protein expression of sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), a master lipogenic regulator, was induced in HFHS-fed HNF4α HET mice. In reporter assays, HNF4α cooperated with the corepressor small heterodimer partner to potently inhibit the transactivation of mouse and human SREBP-1C promoter by liver X receptor. Hepatic nuclear GR proteins tended to be decreased in the HNF4α KO mice. HFHS-fed mice with liver-specific KO of GR had increased hepatic lipids and induction of SREBP-1C and PPARγ, which was associated with a marked decrease in hepatic levels of HNF4α proteins in these mice. In reporter assays, GR and HNF4α synergistically/additively induced lipid catabolic genes. Conclusions induction of lipid catabolic genes and suppression of lipogenic genes by HNF4α and GR may mediate the early resistance to HFHS-induced fatty liver and hyperlipidemia. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01654-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Xiaohong Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Rebecca Winkler
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Savio John
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Wenkuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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3
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Lam KK, Sethi R, Tan G, Tomar S, Lo M, Loi C, Tang CL, Tan E, Lai PS, Cheah PY. The orphan nuclear receptor
NR0B2
could be a novel susceptibility locus associated with microsatellite‐stable,
APC
mutation‐negative early‐onset colorectal carcinomas with metabolic manifestation. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2020; 60:61-72. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kuen Kuen Lam
- Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore
| | - Raman Sethi
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Grace Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Swati Tomar
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Michelle Lo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore
| | - Carol Loi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore
| | - Choong Leong Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore
| | - Emile Tan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore
| | - Poh San Lai
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR Singapore Singapore
| | - Peh Yean Cheah
- Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General Hospital Singapore Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Duke‐NUS Medical School National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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4
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Kim JH, Yoon JE, Nikapitiya C, Kim TH, Uddin MB, Lee HC, Kim YH, Hwang JH, Chathuranga K, Chathuranga WAG, Choi HS, Kim CJ, Jung JU, Lee CH, Lee JS. Small Heterodimer Partner Controls the Virus-Mediated Antiviral Immune Response by Targeting CREB-Binding Protein in the Nucleus. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2105-2118.e5. [PMID: 31091449 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heterodimer partner (SHP) is an orphan nuclear receptor that acts as a transcriptional co-repressor by interacting with nuclear receptors and transcription factors. Although SHP plays a negative regulatory function in various signaling pathways, its role in virus infection has not been studied. Here, we report that SHP is a potent negative regulator of the virus-mediated type I IFN signaling that maintains homeostasis within the antiviral innate immune system. Upon virus infection, SHP interacts specifically with CREB-binding protein (CBP) in the nucleus, thereby obstructing CBP/β-catenin interaction competitively. Consequently, SHP-deficient cells enhance antiviral responses, including transcription of the type I IFN gene, upon virus infection. Furthermore, SHP-deficient mice show higher levels of IFN production and are more resistant to influenza A virus infection. Our results suggest that SHP is a nuclear regulator that blocks transcription of the type I IFN gene to inhibit excessive innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Bashir Uddin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh
| | - Hyun-Cheol Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Hwang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - W A Gayan Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Joong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae U Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Liu X, Guo GL, Kong B, Hilburn DB, Hubchak SC, Park S, LeCuyer B, Hsieh A, Wang L, Fang D, Green RM. Farnesoid X receptor signaling activates the hepatic X-box binding protein 1 pathway in vitro and in mice. Hepatology 2018; 68:304-316. [PMID: 29377207 PMCID: PMC6033648 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bile acids are endogenous ligands of the nuclear receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and pharmacological FXR modulators are under development for the treatment of several liver disorders. The inositol-requiring enzyme 1α/X-box binding protein 1 (IRE1α/XBP1) pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is a protective cellular signaling pathway activated in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We investigated the role of FXR signaling in activation of the hepatic XBP1 pathway. Mice were treated with deoxycholic acid (DCA), cholestyramine, GW4064, or underwent bile duct ligation (BDL), and hepatic UPR activation was measured. Huh7-Ntcp and HepG2 cells were treated with FXR agonists, inhibitor, small interfering RNA (siRNA), or small heterodimer partner (SHP) siRNA to determine the mechanisms of IRE1α/XBP1 pathway activation. DCA feeding and BDL increased and cholestyramine decreased expression of hepatic XBP1 spliced (XBP1s). XBP1 pathway activation increased in Huh7-Ntcp and HepG2 cells treated with bile acids, 6α-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid (6-ECDCA) or GW4064. This effect decreased with FXR knockdown and treatment with the FXR inhibitor guggulsterone. FXR agonists increased XBP1 splicing and phosphorylated IRE1α (p-IRE1α) expression. Overexpression of SHP similarly increased XBP1 splicing, XBP1s, and p-IRE1α protein expression. SHP knockdown attenuated FXR agonist-induced XBP1s and p-IRE1α protein expression. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays demonstrate a physical interaction between overexpressed green fluorescent protein (GFP)-SHP and FLAG-IRE1α in HEK293T cells. Mice treated with GW4064 had increased, and FXR and SHP null mice had decreased, basal Xbp1s gene expression. CONCLUSION FXR signaling activates the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway in vivo and in vitro. FXR pathway activation increases XBP1 splicing and enhances p-IRE1α expression. These effects are mediated, at least in part, by SHP. IRE1α/XBP1 pathway activation by bile acids and pharmacological FXR agonists may be protective during liver injury and may have therapeutic implications for liver diseases. (Hepatology 2018;68:304-316).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Grace L. Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - David B. Hilburn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Susan C. Hubchak
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Seong Park
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Brian LeCuyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Antony Hsieh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and the Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Richard M. Green
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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6
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Tran M, Liu Y, Huang W, Wang L. Nuclear receptors and liver disease: Summary of the 2017 basic research symposium. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:765-777. [PMID: 30129636 PMCID: PMC6049066 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor superfamily contains important transcriptional regulators that play pleiotropic roles in cell differentiation, development, proliferation, and metabolic processes to govern liver physiology and pathology. Many nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the expression of their target genes by modulating transcriptional activities and epigenetic changes. Additionally, the protein complex associated with nuclear receptors consists of a multitude of coregulators, corepressors, and noncoding RNAs. Therefore, acquiring new information on nuclear receptors may provide invaluable insight into novel therapies and shed light on new interventions to reduce the burden and incidence of liver diseases. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:765-777).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tran
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology and Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope National Medical Center Duarte CA
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute City of Hope National Medical Center Duarte CA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology and Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven CT.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University New Haven CT
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7
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Zhang L, Yang Z, Trottier J, Barbier O, Wang L. Long noncoding RNA MEG3 induces cholestatic liver injury by interaction with PTBP1 to facilitate shp mRNA decay. Hepatology 2017; 65:604-615. [PMID: 27770549 PMCID: PMC5258819 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bile acids (BAs) play critical physiological functions in cholesterol homeostasis, and deregulation of BA metabolism causes cholestatic liver injury. The long noncoding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) was recently shown as a potential tumor suppressor; however, its basic hepatic function remains elusive. Using RNA pull-down with biotin-labeled sense or anti-sense MEG 3RNA followed by mass spectrometry, we identified RNA-binding protein polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) as a MEG3 interacting protein and validated their interaction by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Bioinformatics analysis revealed putative binding sites for PTBP1 within the coding region (CDS) of small heterodimer partner (SHP), a key repressor of BA biosynthesis. Forced expression of MEG3 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells guided and facilitated PTBP1 binding to the Shp CDS, resulting in Shp mRNA decay. Transient overexpression of MEG3 RNA in vivo in mouse liver caused rapid Shp mRNA degradation and cholestatic liver injury, which was accompanied by the disruption of BA homeostasis, elevation of liver enzymes, as well as dysregulation of BA synthetic enzymes and metabolic genes. Interestingly, RNA sequencing coupled with quantitative PCR (qPCR) revealed a drastic induction of MEG3 RNA in Shp-/- liver. SHP inhibited MEG3 gene transcription by repressing cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) transactivation of the MEG3 promoter. In addition, the expression of MEG3 and PTBP1 was activated in human fibrotic and cirrhotic livers. CONCLUSION MEG3 causes cholestasis by serving as a guide RNA scaffold to recruit PTBP1 to destabilize Shp mRNA. SHP in turn represses CREB-mediated activation of MEG3 expression in a feedback-regulatory fashion. (Hepatology 2017;65:604-615).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and The Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and The Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Jocelyn Trottier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU-Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU-Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and The Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China,Address reprint requests to: Li Wang, Ph.D., 75 North Eagleville Rd., U3156, Storrs, CT 06269. ; Tel: 860-486-0857; Fax: 860-486-3303
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8
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Rudraiah S, Zhang X, Wang L. Nuclear Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in Liver Disease: Are We There Yet? Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 56:605-626. [PMID: 26738480 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010715-103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NR) are ligand-modulated transcription factors that play diverse roles in cell differentiation, development, proliferation, and metabolism and are associated with numerous liver pathologies such as cancer, steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, cholestasis, and xenobiotic/drug-induced liver injury. The network of target proteins associated with NRs is extremely complex, comprising coregulators, small noncoding microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs. The importance of NRs as targets of liver disease is exemplified by the number of NR ligands that are currently used in the clinics or in clinical trials with promising results. Understanding the regulation by NR during pathophysiological conditions, and identifying ligands for orphan NR, points to a potential therapeutic approach for patients with liver diseases. An overview of complex NR metabolic networks and their pharmacological implications in liver disease is presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Rudraiah
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology and The Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology and The Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology and The Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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9
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Crosstalk of HNF4 α with extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways in the regulation of hepatic metabolism of drugs and lipids. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:393-408. [PMID: 27709008 PMCID: PMC5045537 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is essential for survival due to its critical role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. Metabolism of xenobiotics, such as environmental chemicals and drugs by the liver protects us from toxic effects of these xenobiotics, whereas metabolism of cholesterol, bile acids (BAs), lipids, and glucose provide key building blocks and nutrients to promote the growth or maintain the survival of the organism. As a well-established master regulator of liver development and function, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) plays a critical role in regulating a large number of key genes essential for the metabolism of xenobiotics, metabolic wastes, and nutrients. The expression and activity of HNF4α is regulated by diverse hormonal and signaling pathways such as growth hormone, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormone, insulin, transforming growth factor-β, estrogen, and cytokines. HNF4α appears to play a central role in orchestrating the transduction of extracellular hormonal signaling and intracellular stress/nutritional signaling onto transcriptional changes in the liver. There have been a few reviews on the regulation of drug metabolism, lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, and inflammation by HNF4α. However, the knowledge on how the expression and transcriptional activity of HNF4α is modulated remains scattered. Herein I provide comprehensive review on the regulation of expression and transcriptional activity of HNF4α, and how HNF4α crosstalks with diverse extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways to regulate genes essential in liver pathophysiology.
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10
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Yang Z, Koehler AN, Wang L. A Novel Small Molecule Activator of Nuclear Receptor SHP Inhibits HCC Cell Migration via Suppressing Ccl2. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2294-2301. [PMID: 27486225 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Small heterodimer partner (SHP, NR0B2) is a nuclear orphan receptor without endogenous ligands. Due to its crucial inhibitory role in liver cancer, it is of importance to identify small molecule agonists of SHP. As such, we initiated a probe discovery effort to identify compounds capable of modulating SHP function. First, we performed binding assays using small molecule microarrays (SMM) and discovered 5-(diethylsulfamoyl)-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid (DSHN) as a novel activator of SHP. DSHN transcriptionally activated Shp mRNA, but also stabilized the SHP protein by preventing its ubiquitination and degradation. Second, we identified Ccl2 as a new SHP target gene by RNA-seq. We showed that activation of SHP by DSHN repressed Ccl2 expression and secretion by inhibiting p65 activation of CCL2 promoter activity, as demonstrated in vivo in Shp-/- mice and in vitro in HCC cells with SHP overexpression and knockdown. Third, we elucidated a strong inhibitory effect of SHP and DSHN on HCC cell migration and invasion by antagonizing the effect of CCL2. Lastly, by interrogating a publicly available database to retrieve SHP expression profiles from multiple types of human cancers, we established a negative association of SHP expression with human cancer metastasis and patient survival. In summary, the discovery of a novel small molecule activator of SHP provides a therapeutic perspective for future translational and preclinical studies to inhibit HCC metastasis by blocking Ccl2 signaling. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(10); 2294-301. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Yang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology and The Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut. Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Angela N Koehler
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology and The Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut. Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut. Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Zhang Y, Liu C, Barbier O, Smalling R, Tsuchiya H, Lee S, Delker D, Zou A, Hagedorn CH, Wang L. Bcl2 is a critical regulator of bile acid homeostasis by dictating Shp and lncRNA H19 function. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20559. [PMID: 26838806 PMCID: PMC4738356 DOI: 10.1038/srep20559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acid (BA) metabolism is tightly controlled by nuclear receptor signaling to coordinate regulation of BA synthetic enzymes and transporters. Here we reveal a molecular cascade consisting of the antiapoptotic protein BCL2, nuclear receptor Shp, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 to maintain BA homeostasis. Bcl2 was overexpressed in liver of C57BL/6J mice using adenovirus mediated gene delivery for two weeks. Hepatic overexpression of Bcl2 caused drastic accumulation of serum BA and bilirubin levels and dysregulated BA synthetic enzymes and transporters. Bcl2 reactivation triggered severe liver injury, fibrosis and inflammation, which were accompanied by a significant induction of H19. Bcl2 induced rapid SHP protein degradation via the activation of caspase-8 pathway. The induction of H19 in Bcl2 overexpressed mice was contributed by a direct loss of Shp transcriptional repression. H19 knockdown or Shp re-expression largely rescued Bcl2-induced liver injury. Strikingly different than Shp, the expression of Bcl2 and H19 was hardly detectable in adult liver but was markedly increased in fibrotic/cirrhotic human and mouse liver. We demonstrated for the first time a detrimental effect of Bcl2 and H19 associated with cholestatic liver fibrosis and an indispensable role of Shp to maintain normal liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology &Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Chune Liu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and The Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 062696
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CHU-Québec Research Centre and Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Rana Smalling
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
| | | | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and The Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 062696
| | - Don Delker
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
| | - An Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology &Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Curt H Hagedorn
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and The Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 062696.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
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12
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Yang CS, Kim JJ, Kim TS, Lee PY, Kim SY, Lee HM, Shin DM, Nguyen LT, Lee MS, Jin HS, Kim KK, Lee CH, Kim MH, Park SG, Kim JM, Choi HS, Jo EK. Small heterodimer partner interacts with NLRP3 and negatively regulates activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6115. [PMID: 25655831 PMCID: PMC4347017 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome results in damaging inflammation, yet the regulators of this process remain poorly defined. Herein, we show that the orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (SHP) is a negative regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NLRP3 inflammasome activation leads to an interaction between SHP and NLRP3, proteins that are both recruited to mitochondria. Overexpression of SHP competitively inhibits binding of NLRP3 to apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC). SHP deficiency results in increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and excessive pathologic responses typically observed in mouse models of kidney tubular necrosis and peritoneal gout. Notably, the loss of SHP results in accumulation of damaged mitochondria and a sustained interaction between NLRP3 and ASC in the endoplasmic reticulum. These data are suggestive of a role for SHP in controlling NLRP3 inflammasome activation through a mechanism involving interaction with NLRP3 and maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Su Yang
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [2] Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [3] Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Jwa-Jin Kim
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [2] Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [3] Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, South Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [2] Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea
| | - Phil Young Lee
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [2] Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Lee
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [2] Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea
| | - Dong-Min Shin
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [2] Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea
| | - Loi T Nguyen
- Infection and Immunity Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Infection and Immunity Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - Hyo Sun Jin
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [2] Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Kyu Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science, Daejeon University, Daejeon 300-716, South Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Infection and Immunity Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - Sung Goo Park
- Medical Proteomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- 1] Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [2]
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea [2] Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-747, South Korea
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13
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Zhang Y, Xu N, Xu J, Kong B, Copple B, Guo GL, Wang L. E2F1 is a novel fibrogenic gene that regulates cholestatic liver fibrosis through the Egr-1/SHP/EID1 network. Hepatology 2014; 60:919-30. [PMID: 24619556 PMCID: PMC4146672 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) is an important regulator of metabolic diseases; however, its role in liver function remains elusive. This study unraveled a regulatory cascade involving E2F1, early growth response-1 (Egr-1), nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner (SHP, NR0B2), and EIA-like inhibitor of differentiation 1 (EID1) in cholestatic liver fibrosis. Liver E2F1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression was strongly up-regulated in human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcohol cirrhosis; the latter was inversely correlated with diminished SHP expression. E2F1 was also highly induced by 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1, 4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) feeding and bile-duct ligation (BDL) in mice. E2F1-/- mice exhibited reduced biliary fibrosis by DDC as determined by Masson Trichrome and Picro Sirius red staining, and decreased serum bile acid (BA), BA pool size, and fecal BA excretion. In addition, cholestatic liver fibrosis induced by BDL, as determined by immunohistochemistry analysis of a1 collagen expression, was increased in SHP-/- mice but attenuated in hepatocyte SHP-overexpressed transgenic (STG) mice. Egr-1 exhibited marked induction in livers of SHP-/- mice compared to the wild-type mice in both sham and BDL groups, and reduction in STG livers. Egr-1 promoter was activated by E2F1, and the activation was abrogated by expression of SHP and its co-repressor EID1 in hepatoma cells Huh7, Hepa1, and stellate cells LX2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays further confirmed the association of E2F1, SHP, and EID1 proteins with the Egr-1 promoter, and their direct protein interactions were determined by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays. Interestingly, E2F1 activated Egr-1 expression in a biphasic fashion as described in both human and mouse hepatocytes. CONCLUSION E2F1 is a fibrogenic gene and could serve as a potential new diagnostic marker for nonalcoholic and alcoholic liver fibrosis/cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Zhang
- Departments of Medicine and Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
| | - Ningyi Xu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Departments of Medicine and Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132,College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Kong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Bryan Copple
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Grace L. Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Li Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132,Correspondence: Tel, 801-587-4616; Fax, 801-585-0187;
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