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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Associating Obesity to Bone Loss. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040521. [PMID: 36831188 PMCID: PMC9954309 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an alarming disease that favors the upset of other illnesses and enhances mortality. It is spreading fast worldwide may affect more than 1 billion people by 2030. The imbalance between excessive food ingestion and less energy expenditure leads to pathological adipose tissue expansion, characterized by increased production of proinflammatory mediators with harmful interferences in the whole organism. Bone tissue is one of those target tissues in obesity. Bone is a mineralized connective tissue that is constantly renewed to maintain its mechanical properties. Osteoblasts are responsible for extracellular matrix synthesis, while osteoclasts resorb damaged bone, and the osteocytes have a regulatory role in this process, releasing growth factors and other proteins. A balanced activity among these actors is necessary for healthy bone remodeling. In obesity, several mechanisms may trigger incorrect remodeling, increasing bone resorption to the detriment of bone formation rates. Thus, excessive weight gain may represent higher bone fragility and fracture risk. This review highlights recent insights on the central mechanisms related to obesity-associated abnormal bone. Publications from the last ten years have shown that the main molecular mechanisms associated with obesity and bone loss involve: proinflammatory adipokines and osteokines production, oxidative stress, non-coding RNA interference, insulin resistance, and changes in gut microbiota. The data collection unveils new targets for prevention and putative therapeutic tools against unbalancing bone metabolism during obesity.
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Liu Z, Asuzu P, Patel A, Wan J, Dagogo-Jack S. Association of bone mineral density with prediabetes risk among African-American and European-American adult offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1065527. [PMID: 36686435 PMCID: PMC9849381 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1065527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with alterations in bone mineral density (BMD), but association between prediabetes and BMD is unclear. Methods We analyzed BMD among the initially normoglycemic participants in the Pathobiology of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort (POP-ABC) study in relation to incident prediabetes during 5 years of follow-up. Results and Discussion A total of 343 participants (193 Black, 150 White) underwent DEXA during Year 1 of POP-ABC and were followed quarterly for 5 years. The mean age was 44.2 ± 10.6 years; BMI was 30.2 ± 7.23 kg/m2. At baseline, the mean BMD was 1.176 ± 0.135 g/cm2 (1.230 ± 0.124 g/cm2 in men vs. 1.154 ± 0.134 g/cm2 in women, P<0.0001; 1.203 ± 0.114 g/cm2 in Black vs. 1.146 ± 0.150 g/cm2 in White participants, P=0.0003). During 5 years of follow-up, 101 participants developed prediabetes and 10 subjects developed T2DM (progressors); 232 were nonprogressors. Progressors to prediabetes had numerically higher baseline BMD and experienced lower 1-year decline in BMD (P<0.0001) compared with nonprogressors. From Kaplan-Meier analysis, the time to 50% prediabetes survival was 2.15 y among participants in the lowest quartile of baseline BMD, longer than those in higher quartiles (1.31 - 1.41 y). Values for BMD correlated inversely with age and adiponectin levels, and positively with BMI. In logistic regression analysis, BMD z score significantly predicted incident prediabetes: more negative BMD z scores were associated with decreased incident prediabetes (odds ratio 0.598 [95% confidence interval 0.407 - 0.877], P=0.0085), after controlling for age, BMI, change in BMI, ethnicity, blood glucose and adiponectin. Conclusions Among initially normoglycemic individuals, higher baseline BMD was associated with higher risk of incident prediabetes during 5 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Peace Asuzu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Avnisha Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jim Wan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Sam Dagogo-Jack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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A longitudinal analysis of serum adiponectin levels and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in Taiwan. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8090. [PMID: 35577842 PMCID: PMC9110357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Since bone and fat mass are derived from mesenchyme in early development, adipokines secreted by adipose tissue may have an effect on bone metabolism. The relationship between adiponectin and bone mineral density (BMD) has been inconsistent in previous reports, with results being dependent on age, gender, menopausal status and bone sites. We investigated the relationship between serum adiponectin levels and the BMD of proximal femur and vertebrae bones in a 96-week longitudinal study of post-menopausal women with repeated measures of both. Linear regression models were used to determine the relation between adiponectin and BMD at each time point cross-sectionally, and a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to investigate the longitudinal trends. Among 431 subjects, 376 (87%) provided baseline adiponectin measurements and 373 provided more than two measurements for longitudinal analysis. The means of serum adiponectin and BMD decreased with time. In linear regression models, adiponectin at baseline, the 48th week and the 96th week appeared to be inversely associated with BMD of proximal femur bone, but not lumbar spine after adjusting for age and various confounders. However, they all turn insignificant with further adjustment of body mass index. The inverse association between adiponectin and BMD of proximal femur is substantiated by all generalized equation models. Before adding the BMI in the model, the increase of 1 mg/dL of adiponectin can accelerate the decrease of proximal femur BMD by 0.001 (SE = 0.0004, p = 0.008). With BMI in the model, the drop rate was 0.0008 (SE = 0.0004, p = 0.026) and remained similar with further adjustment of two bone turnover markers. In this longitudinal analysis with both adiponectin and BMD measured at three time points, we demonstrate that with the increase of adiponectin level, the decline of proximal femur BMD in postmenopausal women accelerated during a period of 96 weeks.
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The Influence of Nesfatin-1 on Bone Metabolism Markers Concentration, Densitometric, Tomographic and Mechanical Parameters of Skeletal System of Rats in the Conditions of Established Osteopenia. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050654. [PMID: 35268222 PMCID: PMC8909152 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nesfatin-1 is an adipokine with little known effect on the skeletal system. In this study, we examined the effect of 8-wk administration of nesfatin-1 on densitometric, tomographic, and mechanical parameters of bones, as well as the concentration of bone metabolism markers in rats with experimentally induced established osteopenia. Abstract Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of nesfatin-1 administration on bone metabolism and properties in established osteopenia in ovariectomized female rats. In total, 21 female Wistar rats were assigned to two groups: sham-operated (SHAM, n = 7) and ovariectomized (OVA, n = 14). After 12 weeks of osteopenia induction in the OVA females, the animals were given i.p. physiological saline (OVA, n = 7) or 2 µg/kg body weight of nesfatin-1(NES, n = 7) for the next 8 weeks. The SHAM animals received physiological saline at the same time. Final body weight, total bone mineral density and content of the skeleton were estimated. Then, isolated femora and tibias were subjected to densitometric, tomographic, and mechanical tests. Bone metabolism markers, i.e., osteocalcin, bone specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP), and crosslinked N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) were determined in serum using an ELISA kit. Ovariectomy led to negative changes in bone metabolism associated with increased resorption, thus diminishing the densitometric, tomographic, and mechanical parameters. In turn, the administration of nesfatin-1 led to an increase in the value of the majority of the tested parameters of bones. The lowest bALP concentration and the highest NTx concentration were found in the OVA females. The bALP concentration was significantly higher after nesfatin-1 administration in comparison to the OVA rats. In conclusion, the results indicate that nesfatin-1 treatment limits bone loss, preserves bone architecture, and increases bone strength in condition of established osteopenia.
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Skic A, Puzio I, Tymicki G, Kołodziej P, Pawłowska-Olszewska M, Skic K, Beer-Lech K, Bieńko M, Gołacki K. Effect of Nesfatin-1 on Rat Humerus Mechanical Properties under Quasi-Static and Impact Loading Conditions. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15010333. [PMID: 35009479 PMCID: PMC8746063 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The investigations on the response of bone tissue under different loading conditions are important from clinical and engineering points of view. In this paper, the influence of nesfatin-1 administration on rat humerus mechanical properties was analyzed. The classical three-point bending and impact tests were carried out for three rat bone groups: control (SHO), the humerus of animals under the conditions of established osteopenia (OVX), and bones of rats receiving nesfatin-1 after ovariectomy (NES). The experiments proved that the bone strength parameters measured under various mechanical loading conditions increased after the nesfatin-1 administration. The OVX bones were most susceptible to deformation and had the smallest fracture toughness. The SEM images of humerus fracture surface in this group showed that ovariectomized rats had a much looser bone structure compared to the SHO and NES females. Loosening of the bone structure was also confirmed by the densitometric and qualitative EDS analysis, showing a decrease in the OVX bones’ mineral content. The samples of the NES group were characterized by the largest values of maximum force obtained under both quasi-static and impact conditions. The energies absorbed during the impact and the critical energy for fracture (from the three-point bending test) were similar for the SHO and NES groups. Statistically significant differences were observed between the mean Fi max values of all analyzed sample groups. The obtained results suggest that the impact test was more sensitive than the classical quasi-static three-point bending one. Hence, Fi max could be used as a parameter to predict bone fracture toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.-L.); (K.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Iwona Puzio
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (G.T.); (M.P.-O.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Grzegorz Tymicki
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (G.T.); (M.P.-O.); (M.B.)
| | - Paweł Kołodziej
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.-L.); (K.G.)
| | - Marta Pawłowska-Olszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (G.T.); (M.P.-O.); (M.B.)
| | - Kamil Skic
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 20-290 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Karolina Beer-Lech
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.-L.); (K.G.)
| | - Marek Bieńko
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (G.T.); (M.P.-O.); (M.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Gołacki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.B.-L.); (K.G.)
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Lewis JW, Edwards JR, Naylor AJ, McGettrick HM. Adiponectin signalling in bone homeostasis, with age and in disease. Bone Res 2021; 9:1. [PMID: 33414405 PMCID: PMC7790832 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is the most abundant circulating adipokine and is primarily involved in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Within the bone, osteoblasts and osteoclasts express the adiponectin receptors, however, there are conflicting reports on the effects of adiponectin on bone formation and turnover. Many studies have shown a pro-osteogenic role for adiponectin in in vivo murine models and in vitro: with increased osteoblast differentiation and activity, alongside lower levels of osteoclastogenesis. However, human studies often demonstrate an inverse relationship between adiponectin concentration and bone activity. Moreover, the presence of multiple isoforms of adiponectin and multiple receptor subtypes has the potential to lead to more complex signalling and functional consequences. As such, we still do not fully understand the importance of the adiponectin signalling pathway in regulating bone homeostasis and repair in health, with age and in disease. In this review, we explore our current understanding of adiponectin bioactivity in the bone; the significance of its different isoforms; and how adiponectin biology is altered in disease. Ultimately, furthering our understanding of adiponectin regulation of bone biology is key to developing pharmacological and non-pharmacological (lifestyle) interventions that target adiponectin signalling to boost bone growth and repair in healthy ageing, following injury or in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Lewis
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - James R Edwards
- Ageing & Regeneration Research Group, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Amy J Naylor
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Helen M McGettrick
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Yang S, Liu H, Liu Y, Liu L, Zhang W, Luo E. Effect of adiponectin secreted from adipose-derived stem cells on bone-fat balance and bone defect healing. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:2055-2066. [PMID: 31210408 DOI: 10.1002/term.2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of adiponectin (APN) in regulating bone metabolism remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the role of APN secreted from adipose-derived stem cells on adipogenesis and osteogenesis. Human APN gene was transfected via recombinant adenovirus into adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) in vitro and were cocultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in using a transwell chamber. Adipogenesis was inhibited in APN-transfected ASCs; in BMSCs, adipogenesis was inhibited, but osteogenesis was promoted in coculture with APN-transfected ASCs. Next, the same adenovirus construct was transfected into the abdominal adipose tissue of a Sprague Dawley rat in vivo, and then a tibia defect was established in the same rat. We confirmed there was higher gene and protein expression of APN in ASCs and the abdominal adipose tissue of these rat models. Development of adipocytes in abdominal adipose tissue was suppressed, and less new bone was formed in the bone defect area. In conclusion, APN secreted from ASCs could directly inhibit adipogenesis in ASCs and BMSCs and promote osteogenesis in the latter. However, APN overexpression in adipose tissue was inversely associated with bone formation in tibia defects potentially due to decreased levels of circulating bone-activating hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jinan Stomatology Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenmei Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jinan Stomatology Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhao H, Yan D, Xiang L, Huang C, Li J, Yu X, Huang B, Wang B, Chen J, Xiao T, Ren PG, Zhang JV. Chemokine-like receptor 1 deficiency leads to lower bone mass in male mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:355-367. [PMID: 30374519 PMCID: PMC11105338 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2944-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The adipokine Chemerin and its receptor, chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), are associated with osteoblastogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoclastogenic differentiation of osteoclast precursors in vitro, suggesting that CMKLR1 would affect the bone mineral density (BMD). However, the role of CMKLR1 on BMD in vivo remains unknown. Here, using CMKLR1 knockout mouse model, we unveiled that CMKLR1 effected the amount of Leydig cells in testis and regulated androgen-dependent bone maintenance in male mice, which exhibited lower serum testosterone levels, thereby reducing the trabecular bone mass. Correspondingly, the mRNA expression of testosterone synthesis enzymes in testis decreased. The bone tissue also showed decreased mRNAs expression of osteogenic markers and increased mRNA levels for osteoclast markers. Furthermore, by in vitro differentiation models, we found CMKLR1-deficiency could break the balance between osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis that caused a shift from osteogenic to adipogenic differentiation in MSCs and enhanced osteoclast formation. In addition, bone mass increase in CMKLR1 KO male mice can be promoted by treatment with 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and the inactivation of CMKLR1 in male wild-type (WT) mice with antagonist treatment can lead to low bone mass. Taken together, these data indicate that CMKLR1 positively regulates bone metabolism through mediating testosterone production and the balance between osteoblast and osteoclast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huashan Zhao
- Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dewen Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Liang Xiang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jian Li
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiangfang Yu
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Binbin Huang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Baobei Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tianxia Xiao
- Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Pei-Gen Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Jian V Zhang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Pal China S, Sanyal S, Chattopadhyay N. Adiponectin signaling and its role in bone metabolism. Cytokine 2018; 112:116-131. [PMID: 29937410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, the most prevalent adipo-cytokine in plasma plays critical metabolic and anti-inflammatory roles is fast emerging as an important molecular target for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Adiponectin action is critical in multiple organs including cardio-vascular system, muscle, liver, adipose tissue, brain and bone. Adiponectin signaling in bone has been a topic of active investigation lately. Human association studies and multiple mice models of gene deletion/modification failed to define a clear cause and effect of adiponectin signaling in bone. The most plausible reason could be the multimeric forms of adiponectin that display differential binding to receptors (adipoR1 and adipoR2) with cell-specific receptor variants in bone. Discovery of small molecule agonist of adipoR1 suggested a salutary role of this receptor in bone metabolism. The downstream signaling of adipoR1 in osteoblasts involves stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation leading to increased differentiation via the likely suppression of wnt inhibitor, sclerostin. On the other hand, the inflammation modulatory effect of adiponectin signaling suppresses the RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand) - to - OPG (osteprotegerin) ratio in osteoblasts leading to the suppression of osteoclastogenic response. This review will discuss the adiponectin signaling and its role in skeletal homeostasis and critically assess whether adipoR1 could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamsundar Pal China
- Division of Endocrinology and CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India.
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Association between circulatory levels of adipokines and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2018; 23:984-92. [PMID: 27433863 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological evidence indicates that excess fat may be beneficial for bone health, offering protective effects against the onset of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Experimental data suggest that this link might be due to the direct effect of adipokines on bone tissue. Confirmatory evidence of this association, however, remains limited. METHODS The levels of a panel of selected adipokines including interleukin (IL)-6, -8, -1β, adipsin, lipocalin-2/neutrophil gelatinase-associated ipocalin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, hepatocyte growth factor, resistin, leptin, and adiponectin in a group of osteopenic and osteoporotic postmenopausal women were compared with those of unaffected women (n = 127). RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed that leptin and adiponectin were significantly correlated with bone mineral density (BMD). In particular, leptin was positively associated with BMD of the spine (r = 0.22, P < 0.05), femoral neck (r = 0.23, P < 0.05), trochanter (r = 0.20, P < 0.05), and total hip (r = 0.27, P < 0.01), whereas adiponectin was inversely correlated with BMD at the trochanter (r = -0.21, P < 0.05). No correlations were, however, significant after adjusting for body fat variables. Stratification of the sample according to IL-6 levels revealed that adiponectin remained significantly inversely associated with BMD, regardless of fat levels and age (β=-0.29, P < 0.05; r = 0.198) in the subgroup of participants with low levels of IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that circulating adiponectin is inversely associated with markers of bone health in postmenopausal women, and that the interaction is influenced by IL-6 levels.
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Zhou S, Wang G, Qiao L, Ge Q, Chen D, Xu Z, Shi D, Dai J, Qin J, Teng H, Jiang Q. Age-dependent variations of cancellous bone in response to ovariectomy in C57BL/6J mice. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3623-3632. [PMID: 29545892 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model has been widely accepted to be suitable for the study of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, whether C57BL/6J mice, a commonly used genetic background mouse strain, is an appropriate model for postmenopausal osteoporosis remains controversial. The present study investigated the effect of the OVX model on alterations in bone density and microarchitecture in C57BL/6J female mice of different ages. C57BL/6J mice were divided into 8-, 12- and 16-week-old groups (OVX8, OVX12 and OVX16) from the beginning of OVX. At 8 weeks post-surgery, the mice were anesthetized and micro-computed tomography was used to analyze the bone density and microarchitecture. The results revealed that OVX-induced loss of cancellous bone was greatest in OVX8, moderate in OVX12, and only a weak bone loss was observed in the OVX16 group when compared with the SHAM16 control group. In addition, the effect of genetic backgrounds in response to the OVX model were examined. Several other strains of mice, including inbred (BALB/c) and outbred (ICR and Kunming), were used in the present study, all of which were subjected to OVX at 8 weeks of age. The present findings revealed that the highest rate of bone loss was detected in C57BL/6J female mice. In addition, treatment with estrogen (17β-estradiol, 30 µg/kg five times per week) led to a significant increase in bone density in C57BL/6J mice compared with the other strains of mice. Therefore, these results may provide novel insights into the age- and strain-associated effect of OVX on regulating turnover of bone in female mice. The present findings also suggest 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice as an animal model for postmenopausal osteoporosis and preclinical testing of potential therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhou
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Guanghu Wang
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Liang Qiao
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Qiting Ge
- Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, P.R. China
| | - Dongyang Chen
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Dongquan Shi
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jin Dai
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jinzhong Qin
- Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, P.R. China
| | - Huajian Teng
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China.,Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, P.R. China
| | - Qing Jiang
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China.,Joint Research Center for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, P.R. China
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China SP, Pal S, Chattopadhyay S, Porwal K, Kushwaha S, Bhattacharyya S, Mittal M, Gurjar AA, Barbhuyan T, Singh AK, Trivedi AK, Gayen JR, Sanyal S, Chattopadhyay N. Globular adiponectin reverses osteo-sarcopenia and altered body composition in ovariectomized rats. Bone 2017; 105:75-86. [PMID: 28811200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin regulates various metabolic processes including glucose flux, lipid breakdown and insulin response. We recently reported that adiponectin receptor1 (adipoR1) activation by a small molecule reverses osteopenia in leptin receptor deficient db/db (diabetic) mice. However, the role of adiponectin in bone metabolism under the setting of post-menopausal (estrogen-deficiency) osteopenia and associated metabolic derangements has not been studied. Here, we studied the therapeutic effect of the globular form of adiponectin (gAd), which is predominantly an adipoR1 agonist, in aged ovariectomized (OVX) rats and compared it with standard-of-care anti-osteoporosis drugs. In OVX rats with established osteopenia, gAd completely restored BMD and load bearing capacity and improved bone quality. Skeletal effects of gAd were comparable to PTH (osteoanabolic) but better than alendronate (anti-catabolic). Both osteoanabolic and anti-catabolic mechanisms led to the anti-osteoporosis effect of gAd. In cultured osteoblasts and bones, gAd increased a) adipoR1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) expression to promote mitochondrial respiration, which likely fueled osteoblast differentiation, b) suppressed sclerostin (a wnt antagonist) in a sirtuin1-dependent manner and c) decreased receptor-activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) to achieve its anti-catabolic effect. The OVX-induced sarcopenia and insulin resistance were also improved by gAd. We conclude that gAd has therapeutic efficacy in estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis, sarcopenia and insulin resistance and hold metabolic disease modifying potential in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamsundar Pal China
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Target in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India; AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Subhashis Pal
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Target in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sourav Chattopadhyay
- AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow 226031, India; Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Konica Porwal
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Target in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India
| | | | - Sharmishtha Bhattacharyya
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Target in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Monika Mittal
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Target in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India; AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anagha A Gurjar
- AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow 226031, India; Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Tarun Barbhuyan
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Target in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India
| | | | - Arun K Trivedi
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow 226031, India; Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India.
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Center for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Target in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Lucknow 226031, India; AcSIR, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Campus, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Abstract
The adipokine adiponectin affects multiple target tissues and plays important roles in glucose metabolism and whole-body energy homeostasis. Circulating adiponectin levels in obese people are lower than in non-obese, and increased serum adiponectin is associated with weight loss. Numerous clinical studies have established that fat mass is positively related to bone mass, a relationship that is maintained by communication between the two tissues through hormones and cytokines. Since adiponectin levels inversely correspond to fat mass, its bone effects and its potential contribution to the relationship between fat and bone have been investigated. In clinical observational studies, adiponectin was found to be negatively associated with bone mineral density, suggesting it might be a negative regulator of bone metabolism. In order to identify the mechanisms that underlie the activity of adiponectin in bone, a large number of laboratory studies in vitro and in animal models of mice over-expressing or deficient of adiponectin have been carried out. Results of these studies are not entirely congruent, partly due to variation among experimental systems and partly due to the complex nature of adiponectin signaling, which involves a combination of multiple direct and indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Naot
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - David S Musson
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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15
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Naot D, Watson M, Callon KE, Tuari D, Musson DS, Choi AJ, Sreenivasan D, Fernandez J, Tu PT, Dickinson M, Gamble GD, Grey A, Cornish J. Reduced Bone Density and Cortical Bone Indices in Female Adiponectin-Knockout Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3550-61. [PMID: 27384302 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A positive association between fat and bone mass is maintained through a network of signaling molecules. Clinical studies found that the circulating levels of adiponectin, a peptide secreted from adipocytes, are inversely related to visceral fat mass and bone mineral density, and it has been suggested that adiponectin contributes to the coupling between fat and bone. Our study tested the hypothesis that adiponectin affects bone tissue by comparing the bone phenotype of wild-type and adiponectin-knockout (APN-KO) female mice between the ages of 8-37 weeks. Using a longitudinal study design, we determined body composition and bone density using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. In parallel, groups of animals were killed at different ages and bone properties were analyzed by microcomputed tomography, dynamic histomorphometry, 3-point bending test, nanoindentation, and computational modelling. APN-KO mice had reduced body fat and decreased whole-skeleton bone mineral density. Microcomputed tomography analysis identified reduced cortical area fraction and average cortical thickness in APN-KO mice in all the age groups and reduced trabecular bone volume fraction only in young APN-KO mice. There were no major differences in bone strength and material properties between the 2 groups. Taken together, our results demonstrate a positive effect of adiponectin on bone geometry and density in our mouse model. Assuming adiponectin has similar effects in humans, the low circulating levels of adiponectin associated with increased fat mass are unlikely to contribute to the parallel increase in bone mass. Therefore, adiponectin does not appear to play a role in the coupling between fat and bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Naot
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Maureen Watson
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Callon
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Donna Tuari
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - David S Musson
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ally J Choi
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Dharshini Sreenivasan
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Pao Ting Tu
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Dickinson
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Greg D Gamble
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Grey
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine (D.N., M.W., K.E.C., D.T., D.S.M., A.J.C., G.D.G., A.G., J.C.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute (D.S., J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Department of Engineering Science (J.F.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; and Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (P.T.T., M.D.), University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Wee N, Herzog H, Baldock P. 18. Diet-induced obesity alters skeletal microarchitecture and the endocrine activity of bone. HANDBOOK OF NUTRITION AND DIET IN THERAPY OF BONE DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-823-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N.K.Y. Wee
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - H. Herzog
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - P.A. Baldock
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St., Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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Hashim AA, Ali SA, Emara IA, El-Hefnawy MH. CTX Correlation to Disease Duration and Adiponectin in Egyptian Children with T1DM. J Med Biochem 2016; 35:34-42. [PMID: 28356862 PMCID: PMC5346799 DOI: 10.1515/jomb-2015-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we investigated the relationship of adiponectin with bone marker changes in Egyptian children and adolescents with T1DM and the effect of disease duration on these markers, as well as the possible correlations between adiponectin and bone markers in these patients. METHODS Sixty Egyptian children and adolescent patients with T1DM were studied. Serum adiponectin and collagen breakdown products (cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type l »CTX«) were measured and compared to the results of 20 age-matched healthy controls. RESULTS After adjustment for age, BMI, Tanner stage and gender; (total) adiponectin was significantly higher in all T1DM patients. Serum level of CTX and 25(OH)D showed a marked decrease in diabetics with disease duration > 5 years. Serum level of (total) calcium and inorganic phosphorus (Pi) did not show significant difference from control. CTX was inversely correlated to FBG and T1DM duration. Pi was inversely, while 25(OH)D was directly correlated to FBG. Total calcium showed an inverse correlation with HbA1c. FBG, TC, TAG, LDL-C were independent predictors of CTX in T1DM. CONCLUSIONS Adiponectin showed no correlation with either CTX or bone homeostatic indices. FBG, TC, TAG, LDL-C were independent predictors of CTX in T1DM. We recommend further investigation of adiponectin isoforms in a population-based study, to establish a good age- and sex-related reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel A Hashim
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Ali
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A Emara
- Biochemistry and Pediatric Departments, National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (NIDE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H El-Hefnawy
- Biochemistry and Pediatric Departments, National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology (NIDE), Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Association of Trabecular Bone Score with Inflammation and Adiposity in Patients with Psoriasis: Effect of Adalimumab Therapy. J Osteoporos 2016; 2016:5747852. [PMID: 27293954 PMCID: PMC4880682 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5747852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on trabecular bone score (TBS) in psoriasis are lacking. We aim to assess the association between TBS and inflammation, metabolic syndrome features, and serum adipokines in 29 nondiabetic patients with psoriasis without arthritis, before and after 6-month adalimumab therapy. For that purpose, adjusted partial correlations and stepwise multivariable linear regression analysis were performed. No correlation was found between TBS and disease severity. TBS was negatively associated with weight, BMI, waist perimeter, fat percentage, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and after adalimumab. After 6 months of therapy, a negative correlation between TBS and insulin resistance (p = 0.02) and leptin (p = 0.01) and a positive correlation with adiponectin were found (p = 0.01). The best set of predictors for TBS values at baseline were female sex (p = 0.015), age (p = 0.05), and BMI (p = 0.001). The best set of predictors for TBS following 6 months of biologic therapy were age (p = 0.001), BMI (p < 0.0001), and serum adiponectin levels (p = 0.027). In conclusion, in nondiabetic patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, TBS correlates with metabolic syndrome features and inflammation. This association is still present after 6 months of adalimumab therapy. Moreover, serum adiponectin levels seem to be an independent variable related to TBS values, after adalimumab therapy.
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Scheller EL, Khoury B, Moller KL, Wee NKY, Khandaker S, Kozloff KM, Abrishami SH, Zamarron BF, Singer K. Changes in Skeletal Integrity and Marrow Adiposity during High-Fat Diet and after Weight Loss. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:102. [PMID: 27512386 PMCID: PMC4961699 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has continued to rise over the past three decades leading to significant increases in obesity-related medical care costs from metabolic and non-metabolic sequelae. It is now clear that expansion of body fat leads to an increase in inflammation with systemic effects on metabolism. In mouse models of diet-induced obesity, there is also an expansion of bone marrow adipocytes. However, the persistence of these changes after weight loss has not been well described. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of high-fat diet (HFD) and subsequent weight loss on skeletal parameters in C57Bl6/J mice. Male mice were given a normal chow diet (ND) or 60% HFD at 6 weeks of age for 12, 16, or 20 weeks. A third group of mice was put on HFD for 12 weeks and then on ND for 8 weeks to mimic weight loss. After these dietary challenges, the tibia and femur were removed and analyzed by micro computed-tomography for bone morphology. Decalcification followed by osmium staining was used to assess bone marrow adiposity, and mechanical testing was performed to assess bone strength. After 12, 16, or 20 weeks of HFD, mice had significant weight gain relative to controls. Body mass returned to normal after weight loss. Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) volume in the tibia increased after 16 weeks of HFD and persisted in the 20-week HFD group. Weight loss prevented HFD-induced MAT expansion. Trabecular bone volume fraction, mineral content, and number were decreased after 12, 16, or 20 weeks of HFD, relative to ND controls, with only partial recovery after weight loss. Mechanical testing demonstrated decreased fracture resistance after 20 weeks of HFD. Loss of mechanical integrity did not recover after weight loss. Our study demonstrates that HFD causes long-term, persistent changes in bone quality, despite prevention of marrow adipose tissue accumulation, as demonstrated through changes in bone morphology and mechanical strength in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L. Scheller
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- *Correspondence: Erica L. Scheller,
| | - Basma Khoury
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kayla L. Moller
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Natalie K. Y. Wee
- Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaima Khandaker
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Kozloff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Simin H. Abrishami
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brian F. Zamarron
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Abbott MJ, Roth TM, Ho L, Wang L, O’Carroll D, Nissenson RA. Negative Skeletal Effects of Locally Produced Adiponectin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134290. [PMID: 26230337 PMCID: PMC4521914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that high circulating levels of adiponectin are associated with low bone mineral density. The effect of adiponectin on skeletal homeostasis, on osteoblasts in particular, remains controversial. We investigated this issue using mice with adipocyte-specific over-expression of adiponectin (AdTg). MicroCT and histomorphometric analysis revealed decreases (15%) in fractional bone volume in AdTg mice at the proximal tibia with no changes at the distal femur. Cortical bone thickness at mid-shafts of the tibia and at the tibiofibular junction was reduced (3–4%) in AdTg mice. Dynamic histomorphometry at the proximal tibia in AdTg mice revealed inhibition of bone formation. AdTg mice had increased numbers of adipocytes in close proximity to trabecular bone in the tibia, associated with increased adiponectin levels in tibial marrow. Treatment of BMSCs with adiponectin after initiation of osteoblastic differentiation resulted in reduced mineralized colony formation and reduced expression of mRNA of osteoblastic genes, osterix (70%), Runx2 (52%), alkaline phosphatase (72%), Col1 (74%), and osteocalcin (81%). Adiponectin treatment of differentiating osteoblasts increased expression of the osteoblast genes PPARγ (32%) and C/ebpα (55%) and increased adipocyte colony formation. These data suggest a model in which locally produced adiponectin plays a negative role in regulating skeletal homeostasis through inhibition of bone formation and by promoting an adipogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia J. Abbott
- Endocrine Research Unit, VA Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, United States of America
| | - Theresa M. Roth
- Endocrine Research Unit, VA Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Linh Ho
- Endocrine Research Unit, VA Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Liping Wang
- Endocrine Research Unit, VA Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Dylan O’Carroll
- Endocrine Research Unit, VA Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Nissenson
- Endocrine Research Unit, VA Medical Center and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Rodríguez-Carballo E, Gámez B, Méndez-Lucas A, Sánchez-Freutrie M, Zorzano A, Bartrons R, Alcántara S, Perales JC, Ventura F. p38α function in osteoblasts influences adipose tissue homeostasis. FASEB J 2014; 29:1414-25. [PMID: 25550462 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-261891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton acts as an endocrine organ that regulates energy metabolism and calcium and phosphorous homeostasis through the secretion of osteocalcin (Oc) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). However, evidence suggests that osteoblasts secrete additional unknown factors that contribute to the endocrine function of bone. To search for these additional factors, we generated mice with a conditional osteoblast-specific deletion of p38α MAPK known to display profound defects in bone homeostasis. Herein, we show that impaired osteoblast function is associated with a strong decrease in body weight and adiposity (P < 0.01). The differences in adiposity were not associated with diminished caloric intake, but rather reflected 20% increased energy expenditure and the up-regulation of uncoupling protein-1 (Ucp1) in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) (P < 0.05). These alterations in lipid metabolism and energy expenditure were correlated with a decrease in the blood levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) (40% lower) rather than changes in the serum levels of insulin, Oc, or FGF23. Among all Npy-expressing tissues, only bone and primary osteoblasts showed a decline in Npy expression (P < 0.01). Moreover, the intraperitoneal administration of recombinant NPY partially restored the WAT weight and adipocyte size of p38α-deficient mice (P < 0.05). Altogether, these results further suggest that, in addition to Oc, other bone-derived signals affect WAT and energy expenditure contributing to the regulation of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Rodríguez-Carballo
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gámez
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Méndez-Lucas
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Sánchez-Freutrie
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Bartrons
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Alcántara
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Perales
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Wee NKY, Baldock PA. The hunger games of skeletal metabolism. BONEKEY REPORTS 2014; 3:588. [PMID: 25396052 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2014.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal peptides and adipokines are critical signalling molecules involved in controlling whole-body energy homeostasis. These circulating hormones regulate a variety of biological responses such as hunger, satiety and glucose uptake. In vivo experiments have established that these hormones also regulate bone metabolism, while associations between these hormones and bone mass have been observed in human clinical studies. With a focus on recent research, this review aims to describe the roles that gastrointestinal peptides (ghrelin, peptide YY, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucagon-like peptide 2) and adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) have in bone metabolism and to examine their effects on bone in situations of altered metabolism, such as obesity. As the prevalence of obesity continues to increase, there is a growing interest in understanding the interactions between nutritional regulators from the gut and adipose tissue and their influence on bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Y Wee
- Skeletal Metabolism Group, Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Skeletal Metabolism Group, Osteoporosis and Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Khabour OF, Abu-Rumeh L, Al-Jarrah M, Jamous M, Alhashimi F. Association of adiponectin protein and ADIPOQ gene variants with lumbar disc degeneration. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1340-1344. [PMID: 25187851 PMCID: PMC4151636 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) is a widespread public health problem that may lead to disability and loss of productivity. Adiponectin is an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue and has been shown to be involved in cartilage homeostasis. In the present study, the association between the rs266729 (−11377C/G) and rs2241766 (45T/G) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and LDD was investigated. In addition, the correlation between the plasma adiponectin level and LDD was examined. A total of 289 subjects, 168 patients with LDD and 122 healthy individuals, were recruited in the study. All subjects were genotyped for rs266729 and rs2241766 SNPs using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Circulating levels of adiponectin protein were measured using the ELISA technique. A strong association was found between adiponectin level and LDD (P<0.01), where high levels of adiponectin were found in patients compared with healthy controls. The increase in adiponectin level was not affected by gender. However, no significant differences were found in the genotype distribution or allelic frequency of the two examined polymorphisms between patients with LDD and healthy controls (P>0.05). In conclusion, adiponectin appears to be elevated in patients with LDD. The rs266729 and rs2241766 SNPs in the ADIPOQ gene are not associated with LDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Lama Abu-Rumeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Muhammed Al-Jarrah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Jamous
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Farah Alhashimi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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25
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Lin YY, Chen CY, Chuang TY, Lin Y, Liu HY, Mersmann HJ, Wu SC, Ding ST. Adiponectin receptor 1 regulates bone formation and osteoblast differentiation by GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling in mice. Bone 2014; 64:147-54. [PMID: 24713193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin and its receptors are expressed in bone marrow-derived osteoblasts. Previous studies in vivo and in vitro have produced controversial results. The purpose of this study was to use porcine adiponectin receptor 1 transgenic mice (pAdipoR1) as a model to evaluate the role of AdipoR1 on bone physiology at different ages. pAdipoR1 transgenic mice had higher bone mineral density than wild-type mice in both genders at 56 weeks of age. The bone volume and trabecular number, measured by micro-computed tomography (μCT) was significantly greater in transgenic than in wild-type female mice at both 8 and 56 weeks of age. ELISA analysis revealed that both serum osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were significantly increased in 8-week old pAdipoR1 transgenic mice of both genders. Furthermore, serum OPG was elevated at 32 and 56 weeks of age in female and male pAdipoR1 transgenic mice. Serum TRAP5b concentration was reduced in 8 and 56 weeks old male pAdipoR1 mice compared with wild-type male mice. Knock-down of AdipoR1 significantly decreased gene expression of osteocalcin, OPG, alkaline phosphatase and msh homeobox 2 and the mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells and mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, pathscan analysis and real-time PCR analysis suggest AdipoR1 regulates osteoblast differentiation through GSK-3 β and β-Catenin signaling. Consequently, the lack of AdipoR1 impaired osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. We conclude that AdipoR1 is a critical factor for the osteoblast differentiation and bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yu Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai Yuan Chuang
- Department of Athletics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui Yu Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Harry John Mersmann
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shinn Chih Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih Torng Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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26
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Wu Y, Tu Q, Valverde P, Zhang J, Murray D, Dong LQ, Cheng J, Jiang H, Rios M, Morgan E, Tang Z, Chen J. Central adiponectin administration reveals new regulatory mechanisms of bone metabolism in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1418-30. [PMID: 24780611 PMCID: PMC4059988 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00048.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN), the most abundant adipocyte-secreted adipokine, regulates energy homeostasis and exerts well-characterized insulin-sensitizing properties. The peripheral or central effects of APN regulating bone metabolism are beginning to be explored but are still not clearly understood. In the present study, we found that APN-knockout (APN-KO) mice fed a normal diet exhibited decreased trabecular structure and mineralization and increased bone marrow adiposity compared with wild-type (WT) mice. APN intracerebroventricular infusions decreased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in brown adipose tissue, epinephrine and norepinephrine serum levels, and osteoclast numbers, whereas osteoblast osteogenic marker expression and trabecular bone mass increased in APN-KO and WT mice. In addition, centrally administered APN increased hypothalamic tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C (Htr2C) expressions but decreased hypothalamic cannabinoid receptor-1 expression. Treatment of immortalized mouse neurons with APN demonstrated that APN-mediated effects on TPH2, CART, and Htr2C expression levels were abolished by downregulating adaptor protein containing pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine domain, and leucine zipper motif (APPL)-1 expression. Pharmacological increase in sympathetic activity stimulated adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and reversed APN-induced expression of the lysine-specific demethylases involved in regulating their commitment to the osteoblastic lineage. In conclusion, we found that APN regulates bone metabolism via central and peripheral mechanisms to decrease sympathetic tone, inhibit osteoclastic differentiation, and promote osteoblastic commitment of BMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Wu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Second Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qisheng Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paloma Valverde
- Department of Sciences, Wentworth Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jin Zhang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dana Murray
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lily Q Dong
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jessica Cheng
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hua Jiang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maribel Rios
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elise Morgan
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Orthopedic Surgery, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Zhihui Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Second Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jake Chen
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine and Sackler Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
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Scotece M, Conde J, Abella V, López V, Pino J, Lago F, Gómez-Reino JJ, Gualillo O. Bone metabolism and adipokines: are there perspectives for bone diseases drug discovery? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:945-57. [PMID: 24857197 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.922539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past 20 years, the idea that white adipose tissue (WAT) is simply an energy depot organ has been radically changed. Indeed, present understanding suggests WAT to be an endocrine organ capable of producing and secreting a wide variety of proteins termed adipokines. These adipokines appear to be relevant factors involved in a number of different functions, including metabolism, immune response, inflammation and bone metabolism. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors focus on the effects of several adipose tissue-derived factors in bone pathophysiology. They also consider how the modification of the adipokine network could potentially lead to promising treatment options for bone diseases. EXPERT OPINION There are currently substantial developments being made in the understanding of the interplay between bone metabolism and the metabolic system. These insights could potentially lead to the development of new treatment strategies and interventions with the aim of successful outcomes in many people affected by bone disorders. Specifically, future research should look into the intimate mechanisms regulating peripheral and central activity of adipokines as it has potential for novel drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Scotece
- Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, Division of Rheumatology, Research Laboratory 9 , Santiago de Compostela, 15706 , Spain
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Jeon YK, Kim WJ, Shin MJ, Chung HY, Kim SS, Kim BH, Kim SJ, Kim YK, Kim IJ. Short-term caloric restriction does not reduce bone mineral density in rats with early type 2 diabetes. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2014; 29:70-6. [PMID: 24741457 PMCID: PMC3970278 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2014.29.1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of caloric restriction (CR) in the setting of diabetes on bone metabolism has not yet been fully studied. The aim of this study is to determine if short-term CR alters bone mass and metabolism in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats, an animal model of type 2 diabetes. METHODS Four groups (n=5) were created: OLETF rats with food ad libitum (AL), OLETF rats with CR, Long-Evans Tokusima Otsuka (LETO) rats with food AL, and LETO rats with CR. The CR condition was imposed on 24-week-old male rats using a 40% calorie reduction for 4 weeks. The effect of CR on femoral bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum markers were measured by immunoassay. RESULTS After 4 weeks of CR, body weight decreased in both strains. The BMD decreased in LETO rats and was maintained in OLETF rats. After adjustment for body weight, BMD remained lower in LETO rats (P=0.017) but not OLETF rats (P=0.410). Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels decreased in LETO rats (P=0.025) but not in OLEFT rats (P=0.347). Serum leptin levels were reduced after CR in both strains, but hyperleptinemia remained in OLETF rats (P=0.009). CR increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in OLETF rats (P=0.009) but not in LETO rats (P=0.117). Additionally, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels decreased only in OLETF rats (P=0.009). CONCLUSION Short-term CR and related weight loss were associated with decreases of femoral BMD in LETO rats while BMD was maintained in OLETF rats. Short-term CR may not alter bone mass and metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyung Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Won Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Myung Jun Shin
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | | | - Sang Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Bo Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seong-Jang Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong Ki Kim
- Kim Yong Ki Internal Medicine Clinic, Busan, Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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29
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Naot D, Cornish J. Cytokines and Hormones That Contribute to the Positive Association between Fat and Bone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:70. [PMID: 24847313 PMCID: PMC4023068 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The positive association between body weight and bone density has been established in numerous laboratory and clinical studies. Apart from the direct effect of soft tissue mass on bone through skeletal loading, a number of cytokines and hormones contribute to the positive association between adipose and bone tissue, acting either locally in sites where cells of the two tissues are adjacent to each other or systemically through the circulation. The current review describes the effects of such local and systemic factors on bone physiology. One class of factors are the adipocyte-secreted peptides (adipokines), which affect bone turnover through a combination of direct effects in bone cells and indirect mechanisms mediated by the central nervous system. Another source of hormones that contribute to the coupling between fat and bone tissue are beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin, amylin, and preptin are co-secreted from pancreatic beta cells in response to increased glucose levels after feeding, and are also found in high circulating levels in obesity. A number of peptide hormones secreted from the gastrointestinal tract in response to feeding affect both fat and bone cells and thus can also act as mediators of the association between the two tissues. The current review focuses on results of laboratory studies investigating possible mechanism involved in the positive association between fat mass and bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Naot
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Dorit Naot, Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand e-mail:
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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