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Oit-Wiscombe I, Virág L, Kilk K, Soomets U, Altraja A. Pattern of Expression of Genes Involved in Systemic Inflammation and Glutathione Metabolism Reveals Exacerbation of COPD. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:953. [PMID: 39199199 PMCID: PMC11351727 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that they serve as systemic biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we profiled the mRNA expression of enzymes connected to systemic inflammation and GSH metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These were taken from patients displaying acute exacerbation of COPD (AE-COPD) and stable COPD, and also from non-obstructive smokers and non-smokers. The expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 was increased, but that of histone deacetylase 2 was decreased in association with AE-COPD. The expression of modulatory subunit of glutamyl-cysteine ligase was higher and that of its catalytic subunit, together with the expression of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, was lower in COPD patients compared with non-obstructive smokers and non-smokers. Leukotriene A4 hydrolase saw increased expression in patients with COPD according to disease severity compared to non-obstructive individuals, whereas the expression of GSH peroxidase increased in non-obstructive smokers and COPD patients with the growing number of pack-years smoked. The results corroborate COPD and its acute exacerbation as a complex systemic disorder demonstrating distinct associations with the expression of enzymes linked to inflammation and the regulation of GSH metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Oit-Wiscombe
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.K.)
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - László Virág
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- HUN-REN-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kalle Kilk
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.K.)
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ursel Soomets
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (K.K.)
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alan Altraja
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
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2
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Russo P, Milani F, De Iure A, Proietti S, Limongi D, Prezioso C, Checconi P, Zagà V, Novazzi F, Maggi F, Antonelli G, Bonassi S. Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Clinical and Molecular Endpoints in COPD Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5834. [PMID: 38892022 PMCID: PMC11172087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a primary contributor to mortality risks and is associated with various diseases. Among these, COPD represents a significant contributor to global mortality and disability. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of smoking on a selected battery of variables, with an emphasis on DNA damage. A total of 87 elderly patients diagnosed with COPD, divided into three groups based on their smoking history (current, former, never-smokers), were evaluated using a cross-sectional approach. Clinical features including mortality and inflammatory/oxidative parameters (Lymphocytes/Monocytes, Neutrophils/Lymphocytes, Platelets/Lymphocytes ratio), SII, MDA, 8-Oxo-dG, and IL6 (ELISA assay), as well as DNA damage (comet assay), were investigated. Virus infection, i.e., influenza A virus subtype H1N1, JC polyomavirus (JCPyV), BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), and Torquetenovirus (TTV), was also tested. Current smokers exhibit higher levels of comorbidity (CIRS; p < 0.001), Platelets/Lymphocytes ratio (p < 0.001), systemic immune inflammation (p < 0.05), and DNA damage (p < 0.001). Former smokers also showed higher values for parameters associated with oxidative damage and showed a much lower probability of surviving over 5 years compared to never- and current smokers (p < 0.0017). This study showed a clear interaction between events which are relevant to the oxidative pathway and cigarette smoking. A category of particular interest is represented by former smokers, especially for lower survival, possibly due to the presence of more health problems. Our findings raise also the attention to other parameters which are significantly affected by smoking and are useful to monitor COPD patients starting a program of pulmonary rehabilitation (DNA damage, inflammation parameters, and selected viral infections).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Russo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (D.L.); (C.P.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Milani
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (D.L.); (C.P.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio De Iure
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (D.L.); (C.P.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
- Experimental Neurophisiology Lab, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Proietti
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (D.L.); (C.P.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Dolores Limongi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (D.L.); (C.P.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (D.L.); (C.P.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Checconi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (D.L.); (C.P.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Zagà
- Italian Society of Tabaccology (SITAB), Via G. Scalia 39, 00136 Rome, Italy;
| | - Federica Novazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via Ravasi 2, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Porta Tiburtina 28, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (F.M.); (S.P.); (D.L.); (C.P.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
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3
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Oit-Wiscombe I, Soomets U, Altraja A. Antioxidant Glutathione Analogues UPF1 and UPF17 Modulate the Expression of Enzymes Involved in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2343-2354. [PMID: 38534765 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress (OS) and systemic inflammation are key players in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to clarify the effects of synthetic glutathione (GSH) analogue peptides UPF1 and UPF17 on the mRNA levels of enzymes involved in systemic inflammation and GSH metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AE-COPD) and stable COPD along with non-obstructive smokers and non-smokers. UPF1 and UPF17 increased the expression of enzymes involved in the formation of the antioxidant capacity: superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and the catalytic subunit of glutamyl-cysteine ligase (GCLC) in patients with AE-COPD and stable COPD, but also in non-obstructive smokers and non-smokers. Similarly, both UPF1 and UPF17 increased the expression of inflammatory enzymes poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Both UPF analogues acted in a gender-dependent manner by increasing the expression of certain anti-inflammatory (histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2)) and GSH metabolism pathway (SOD1 and GSH reductase (GSR))-related enzymes in females and decreasing them in males. UPF1 and UPF17 are able to increase the expression of the enzymes involved in GSH metabolism and could serve as a lead for designing potential COPD therapies against excessive OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Oit-Wiscombe
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ursel Soomets
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alan Altraja
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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4
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IL-17-Mediated Inflammation Promotes Cigarette Smoke-Induced Genomic Instability. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051173. [PMID: 34065904 PMCID: PMC8151076 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Chronic inflammation has been regarded as a risk factor for the onset and progression of human cancer, but the critical molecular mechanisms underlying this pathological process have yet to be elucidated. (2) Methods: In this study, we investigated whether interleukin (IL)-17-mediated inflammation was involved in cigarette smoke-induced genomic instability. (3) Results: Higher levels of both IL-17 and the DNA damage response (DDR) were found in the lung tissues of smokers than in those of non-smokers. Similarly, elevated levels of IL-17 and the DDR were observed in mice after cigarette smoke exposure, and a positive correlation was observed between IL-17 expression and the DDR. In line with these observations, the DDR in the mouse lung was diminished in IL-17 KO when exposed to cigarette smoke. Besides this, the treatment of human bronchial epithelium cells with IL-17 led to increased levels of the DDR and chromosome breakage. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest that cigarette smoke induces genomic instability at least partially through IL-17-mediated inflammation, implying that IL-17 could play an important role in the development of lung cancer.
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Møller P, Stopper H, Collins AR. Measurement of DNA damage with the comet assay in high-prevalence diseases: current status and future directions. Mutagenesis 2021; 35:5-18. [PMID: 31294794 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The comet assay is widely used in studies on genotoxicity testing, human biomonitoring and clinical studies. The simple version of the assay detects a mixture of DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites; these lesions are typically described as DNA strand breaks to distinguish them from oxidatively damaged DNA that are measured with the enzyme-modified comet assay. This review assesses the association between high-prevalence diseases in high-income countries and DNA damage measured with the comet assay in humans. The majority of case-control studies have assessed genotoxicity in white blood cells. Patients with coronary artery disease, diabetes, kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Alzheimer's disease have on average 2-fold higher levels of DNA strand breaks compared with healthy controls. Patients with coronary artery disease, diabetes, kidney disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease also have 2- to 3-fold higher levels of oxidatively damaged DNA in white blood cells than controls, although there is not a clear difference in DNA damage levels between the different diseases. Case-control studies have shown elevated levels of DNA strand breaks in patients with breast cancer, whereas there are only few studies on colorectal and lung cancers. At present, it is not possible to assess if these neoplastic diseases are associated with a different level of DNA damage compared with non-neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen H, Denmark
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andrew R Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Curtin N, Bányai K, Thaventhiran J, Le Quesne J, Helyes Z, Bai P. Repositioning PARP inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 infection(COVID-19); a new multi-pronged therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome? Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3635-3645. [PMID: 32441764 PMCID: PMC7280733 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically approved PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have a mild adverse effect profile and are well tolerated as continuous daily oral therapy. We review the evidence that justifies the repurposing of PARPi to block the proliferation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and combat the life-threatening sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by several mechanisms. PARPi can effectively decrease IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-α levels (key interleukins in SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm) and can alleviate subsequent lung fibrosis, as demonstrated in murine experiments and clinical trials. PARPi can tune macrophages towards a tolerogenic phenotype. PARPi may also counteract SARS-CoV-2-induced and inflammation-induced cell death and support cell survival. PARPi is effective in animal models of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma and ventilator-induced lung injury. PARPi may potentiate the effectiveness of tocilizumab, anakinra, sarilumab, adalimumab, canakinumab or siltuximab therapy. The evidence suggests that PARPi would benefit COVID-19 patients and trials should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Curtin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical ResearchCentre for Agricultural ResearchBudapestHungary
| | | | - John Le Quesne
- MRC Toxicology UnitUniversity of CambridgeLeicesterUK
- Leicester Cancer Research CentreUniversity of Leicester, Leicester Royal InfirmaryLeicesterUK
- Glenfield HospitalUniversity Hospitals Leicester NHS TrustLeicesterUK
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School; Centre for Neuroscience and János Szentágothai Research CentreUniversity of PécsPécsHungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
- MTA‐DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular MetabolismDebrecenHungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
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7
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Cigarette smoke activates the parthanatos pathway of cell death in human bronchial epithelial cells. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:127. [PMID: 31396404 PMCID: PMC6683143 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke negatively affects human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and is directly implicated in the etiology of smoking related respiratory diseases. Smoke exposure causes double-stranded DNA breaks and DNA damage activates PARP-1, the key mediator of the parthanatos pathway of cell death. We hypothesize that smoke exposure activates the parthanatos pathway in HBE cells and represents a cell death mechanism that contributes to smoking related lung diseases. We exposed fully differentiated, primary HBE cells grown at the air liquid interface to cigarette smoke and evaluated them for parthanatos pathway activation. Smoke exposure induced mitochondrial to nuclear translocation of Apoptosis-Inducing Factor (AIF) and Endonuclease G (EndoG) within the first three hours characteristic of the parthanatos pathway. Exposing cells to an increasing number of cigarettes revealed that significant activation of the parthanatos pathway occurs after exposure to higher levels of smoke. Use of the specific PARP-1 inhibitor, BMN673, abrogated the effect of smoke induced activation of the parthanatos pathway. Smoke-mediated activation of the parthanatos pathway is increased in HBE cells originating from habitual smokers compared to non-smokers. This suggests that chronic smoke exposure leads to an increase in smoke-mediated activation of the parthanatos pathway and implicates its contribution in the pathogenesis of smoke-related lung diseases.
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8
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Sears CR. DNA repair as an emerging target for COPD-lung cancer overlap. Respir Investig 2019; 57:111-121. [PMID: 30630751 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Many of the detrimental effects of cigarette smoke have been attributed to the development of DNA damage, either directly from chemicals contained in cigarette smoke or as a product of cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. In this review, we discuss the environmental, epidemiological, and physiological links between COPD and lung cancer and the likely role of DNA damage and repair in COPD and lung cancer development. We explore alterations in DNA damage repair by DNA repair proteins and pathways. We discuss emerging data supporting a key role for the DNA repair protein, xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC), in cigarette smoke-induced COPD and early lung cancer development. Understanding the interplay between cigarette smoke, DNA damage repair, COPD, and lung cancer may lead to prognostic tools and new, potentially targetable, pathways for lung cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Sears
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; The Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center; 980W, Walnut Street, Walther Hall, C400, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Dharwal V, Naura AS. PARP-1 inhibition ameliorates elastase induced lung inflammation and emphysema in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 150:24-34. [PMID: 29355504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
COPD is associated with high morbidity and mortality and no effective treatment is available till date. We have previously reported that PARP-1 plays an important role in the establishment of airway inflammation associated with asthma and ALI. In the present work, we have evaluated the beneficial effects of PARP-1 inhibition on COPD pathogenesis utilizing elastase induced mouse model of the disease. Our data show that PARP-1 inhibition by olaparib significantly reduced the elastase-induced recruitment of inflammatory cells particularly neutrophils in the lungs of mice when administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.wt (i.p.). Reduction in the lung inflammation was associated with suppressed myeloperoxidase activity. Further, the drug restored the redox status in the lung tissues towards normal as reflected by the levels of ROS, GSH and MDA. Olaparib administration prior to elastase instillation blunted the phosphorylation of P65-NF-κB at Ser 536 without altering phosphorylation of its inhibitor IκBα in the lungs. Furthermore, olaparib down regulated the elastase-induced expression of NF-κB dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-A, IL-6), chemokine (MIP-2) and growth factor (GCSF) severely both at the mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, PARP-1 heterozygosity suppressed the recruitment of inflammatory cells and production of TNF-A, IL-6, MIP-2 and GCSF in the BALF to the similar extent as exhibited by olaparib administration. Finally, PARP-1 inhibition by olaparib or gene deletion protected against elastase-induced emphysema markedly. Overall, our data strongly suggest that PARP-1 plays a critical role in elastase induced lung inflammation and emphysema, and thus may be a new drug target candidate in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Dharwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amarjit S Naura
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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10
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Sethi GS, Dharwal V, Naura AS. Poly(ADP-Ribose)Polymerase-1 in Lung Inflammatory Disorders: A Review. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1172. [PMID: 28974953 PMCID: PMC5610677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma, acute lung injury (ALI), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are lung inflammatory disorders with a common outcome, that is, difficulty in breathing. Corticosteroids, a class of potent anti-inflammatory drugs, have shown less success in the treatment/management of these disorders, particularly ALI and COPD; thus, alternative therapies are needed. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARPs) are the post-translational modifying enzymes with a primary role in DNA repair. During the last two decades, several studies have reported the critical role played by PARPs in a good of inflammatory disorders. In the current review, the studies that address the role of PARPs in asthma, ALI, and COPD have been discussed. Among the different members of the family, PARP-1 emerges as a key player in the orchestration of lung inflammation in asthma and ALI. In addition, PARP activation seems to be associated with the progression of COPD. Furthermore, PARP-14 seems to play a crucial role in asthma. STAT-6 and GATA-3 are reported to be central players in PARP-1-mediated eosinophilic inflammation in asthma. Interestingly, oxidative stress-PARP-1-NF-κB axis appears to be tightly linked with inflammatory response in all three-lung diseases despite their distinct pathophysiologies. The present review sheds light on PARP-1-regulated factors, which may be common or differential players in asthma/ALI/COPD and put forward our prospective for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Dharwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amarjit S Naura
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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11
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Sergio LPDS, de Paoli F, Mencalha AL, da Fonseca ADS. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: From Injury to Genomic Stability. COPD 2017; 14:439-450. [DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2017.1332025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Philippe da Silva Sergio
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia de Paoli
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andre Luiz Mencalha
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Chun P. Role of sirtuins in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:1-10. [PMID: 25304127 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation that is associated with chronic inflammatory response to noxious particles or gases. The airflow limitation may be explained by hypersecretion of mucus, thickening and fibrosis of small airways and alveolar wall destruction in emphysema. Sirtuins, a group of class III deacetylases, have gained considerable attention for their positive effects on aging-related disease, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporosis and COPD. Among the seven mammalian sirtuins, SIRT1-SIRT7, SIRT1 and SIRT6 are considered to have protective effects against COPD. In the lungs, SIRT1 inhibits autophagy, cellular senescence, fibrosis, and inflammation by deacetylation of target proteins using NAD(+) as co-substrate and is therefore linked to the redox state. In addition to SIRT1, SIRT6 have also been shown to improve or slow down COPD. SIRT6 is associated with redox state and inhibits cellular senescence and fibrosis. Therefore, activation of SIRT1 and SIRT6 might be an attractive approach for novel therapeutic targets for COPD. The present review describes the protective effects of SIRT1 and SIRT6 against COPD and their target proteins involved in the pathophysiology of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 621-749, Korea,
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Yao H, Sundar IK, Gorbunova V, Rahman I. P21-PARP-1 pathway is involved in cigarette smoke-induced lung DNA damage and cellular senescence. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80007. [PMID: 24244594 PMCID: PMC3823706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent DNA damage triggers cellular senescence, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung diseases. Both p21CDKN1A (p21) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) are involved in DNA damage and repair. However, the role of p21-PARP-1 axis in regulating CS-induced lung DNA damage and cellular senescence remains unknown. We hypothesized that CS causes DNA damage and cellular senescence through a p21-PARP-1 axis. To test this hypothesis, we determined the levels of γH2AX (a marker for DNA double-strand breaks) as well as non-homologous end joining proteins (Ku70 and Ku80) in lungs of mice exposed to CS. We found that the level of γH2AX was increased, whereas the level of Ku70 was reduced in lungs of CS-exposed mice. Furthermore, p21 deletion reduced the level of γH2AX, but augmented the levels of Ku70, Ku80, and PAR in lungs by CS. Administration of PARP-1 inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide increased CS-induced DNA damage, but lowered the levels of Ku70 and Ku80, in lungs of p21 knockout mice. Moreover, 3-aminobenzamide increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, but decreased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in mouse lungs in response to CS. Interestingly, 3-aminobenzamide treatment had no effect on neutrophil influx into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by CS. These results demonstrate that the p21-PARP-1 pathway is involved in CS-induced DNA damage and cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yao
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HY); (IR)
| | - Isaac K. Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HY); (IR)
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