1
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Das R, Bhattacharjee S, Letcher JM, Harris JM, Nanda S, Foldi I, Lottes EN, Bobo HM, Grantier BD, Mihály J, Ascoli GA, Cox DN. Formin 3 directs dendritic architecture via microtubule regulation and is required for somatosensory nociceptive behavior. Development 2021; 148:271101. [PMID: 34322714 DOI: 10.1242/dev.187609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Dendrite shape impacts functional connectivity and is mediated by organization and dynamics of cytoskeletal fibers. Identifying the molecular factors that regulate dendritic cytoskeletal architecture is therefore important in understanding the mechanistic links between cytoskeletal organization and neuronal function. We identified Formin 3 (Form3) as an essential regulator of cytoskeletal architecture in nociceptive sensory neurons in Drosophila larvae. Time course analyses reveal that Form3 is cell-autonomously required to promote dendritic arbor complexity. We show that form3 is required for the maintenance of a population of stable dendritic microtubules (MTs), and mutants exhibit defects in the localization of dendritic mitochondria, satellite Golgi, and the TRPA channel Painless. Form3 directly interacts with MTs via FH1-FH2 domains. Mutations in human inverted formin 2 (INF2; ortholog of form3) have been causally linked to Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. CMT sensory neuropathies lead to impaired peripheral sensitivity. Defects in form3 function in nociceptive neurons result in severe impairment of noxious heat-evoked behaviors. Expression of the INF2 FH1-FH2 domains partially recovers form3 defects in MTs and nocifensive behavior, suggesting conserved functions, thereby providing putative mechanistic insights into potential etiologies of CMT sensory neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Das
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | | | - Jamin M Letcher
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jenna M Harris
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Sumit Nanda
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Istvan Foldi
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics, MTA-SZBK NAP B Axon Growth and Regeneration Group, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Erin N Lottes
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Hansley M Bobo
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | | | - József Mihály
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Genetics, MTA-SZBK NAP B Axon Growth and Regeneration Group, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Giorgio A Ascoli
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Daniel N Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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2
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He J, Ling L, Liu Z, Ren X, Wan L, Tu C, Li Z. Functional interplay between long non-coding RNAs and the Wnt signaling cascade in osteosarcoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:313. [PMID: 34130697 PMCID: PMC8207720 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a common and highly malignant bone tumor among children, adolescents and young adults. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. LncRNAs are transcripts with no or limited protein-coding capacity in human genomes, and have been demonstrated to play crucial functions in initiation, progression, therapeutic resistance, recurrence and metastasis of tumor. Considerable studies revealed a dysregulated lncRNA expression pattern in osteosarcoma, which may act as oncogenes or suppressors to regulate osteosarcoma progression. Wnt signaling pathway is an important cascade in tumorigenesis by modulation of pleiotropic biological functions including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, stemness, genetic stability and chemoresistance. Hyperactivation or deficiency of key effectors in Wnt cascade is a common event in many osteosarcoma patients. Recently, increasing evidences have suggested that lncRNAs could interplay with component of Wnt pathway, and thereby contribute to osteosarcoma onset, progression and dissemination. In this review, we briefly summarize Wnt signaling-related lncRNAs in osteosarcoma progression, aiming to gain insights into their underlying crosstalk as well as clinical application in osteosarcoma therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu He
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Ling
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongyue Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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3
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Badmos H, Cobbe N, Campbell A, Jackson R, Bennett D. Drosophila USP22/nonstop polarizes the actin cytoskeleton during collective border cell migration. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212101. [PMID: 33988679 PMCID: PMC8129793 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polarization of the actin cytoskeleton is vital for the collective migration of cells in vivo. During invasive border cell migration in Drosophila, actin polarization is directly controlled by the Hippo signaling complex, which resides at contacts between border cells in the cluster. Here, we identify, in a genetic screen for deubiquitinating enzymes involved in border cell migration, an essential role for nonstop/USP22 in the expression of Hippo pathway components expanded and merlin. Loss of nonstop function consequently leads to a redistribution of F-actin and the polarity determinant Crumbs, loss of polarized actin protrusions, and tumbling of the border cell cluster. Nonstop is a component of the Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) transcriptional coactivator complex, but SAGA’s histone acetyltransferase module, which does not bind to expanded or merlin, is dispensable for migration. Taken together, our results uncover novel roles for SAGA-independent nonstop/USP22 in collective cell migration, which may help guide studies in other systems where USP22 is necessary for cell motility and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammed Badmos
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Neville Cobbe
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amy Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard Jackson
- Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daimark Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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4
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Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a major fraction of the transcriptome in multicellular organisms. Although a handful of well-studied lncRNAs are broadly recognized as biologically meaningful, the fraction of such transcripts out of the entire collection of lncRNAs remains a subject of vigorous debate. Here we review the evidence for and against biological functionalities of lncRNAs and attempt to arrive at potential modes of lncRNA functionality that would reconcile the contradictory conclusions. Finally, we discuss different strategies of phenotypic analyses that could be used to investigate such modes of lncRNA functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Gao
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 201 Pan-Chinese S & T Building, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ye Cai
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 201 Pan-Chinese S & T Building, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Philipp Kapranov
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 201 Pan-Chinese S & T Building, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Dongyang Xu
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 201 Pan-Chinese S & T Building, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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5
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Xu D, Cai Y, Tang L, Han X, Gao F, Cao H, Qi F, Kapranov P. A CRISPR/Cas13-based approach demonstrates biological relevance of vlinc class of long non-coding RNAs in anticancer drug response. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1794. [PMID: 32020014 PMCID: PMC7000768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs represent a fascinating class of transcripts that remains highly controversial mainly due to ambiguity surrounding overall biological relevance of these RNAs. Multitude of reverse genetics studies showing functionality of lncRNAs are unfortunately based on assays that are either plagued by non-specific effects and/or cannot unambiguously assign observed phenotypes to the transcript per se. Here, we show application of the novel CRISPR/Cas13 RNA knockdown system that has superior specificity compared to other transcript-targeting knockdown methods like RNAi. We applied this method to a novel widespread subclass of nuclear lncRNAs - very long intergenic non-coding (vlinc) RNAs - in a high-throughput phenotypic assay based on survival challenge in response to anticancer drug treatments. We used multiple layers of controls including mismatch control for each targeting gRNA to ensure uncovering true phenotype-transcript relationships. We found evidence supporting importance for cellular survival for up to 60% of the tested protein-coding mRNAs and, importantly, 64% of vlincRNAs. Overall, this study demonstrates utility of CRISPR/Cas13 as a highly sensitive and specific tool for reverse genetics study of both protein-coding genes and lncRNAs. Furthermore, importantly, this approach provides evidence supporting biological significance of the latter transcripts in anticancer drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Xu
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 201 Pan-Chinese S & T Building, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ye Cai
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 201 Pan-Chinese S & T Building, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 201 Pan-Chinese S & T Building, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xueer Han
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 201 Pan-Chinese S & T Building, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 201 Pan-Chinese S & T Building, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Huifen Cao
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 201 Pan-Chinese S & T Building, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Fei Qi
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 201 Pan-Chinese S & T Building, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Philipp Kapranov
- Institute of Genomics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 201 Pan-Chinese S & T Building, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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6
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Lehmann M, Knust E, Hebbar S. Drosophila melanogaster: A Valuable Genetic Model Organism to Elucidate the Biology of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1834:221-249. [PMID: 30324448 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8669-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a complex inherited disease. It is associated with mutations in a wide variety of genes with many different functions. These mutations impact the integrity of rod photoreceptors and ultimately result in the progressive degeneration of rods and cone photoreceptors in the retina, leading to complete blindness. A hallmark of this disease is the variable degree to which symptoms are manifest in patients. This is indicative of the influence of the environment, and/or of the distinct genetic makeup of the individual.The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has effectively proven to be a great model system to better understand interconnected genetic networks. Unraveling genetic interactions and thereby different cellular processes is relatively easy because more than a century of research on flies has enabled the creation of sophisticated genetic tools to perturb gene function. A remarkable conservation of disease genes across evolution and the similarity of the general organization of the fly and vertebrate photoreceptor cell had prompted research on fly retinal degeneration. To date six fly models for RP, including RP4, RP11, RP12, RP14, RP25, and RP26, have been established, and have provided useful information on RP disease biology. In this chapter, an outline of approaches and experimental specifications are described to enable utilizing or developing new fly models of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Lehmann
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Knust
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sarita Hebbar
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
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7
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Jonchère V, Alqadri N, Herbert J, Dodgson L, Mason D, Messina G, Falciani F, Bennett D. Transcriptional responses to hyperplastic MRL signalling in Drosophila. Open Biol 2017; 7:rsob.160306. [PMID: 28148822 PMCID: PMC5356444 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has implicated the actin cytoskeleton in tissue size control and tumourigenesis, but how changes in actin dynamics contribute to hyperplastic growth is still unclear. Overexpression of Pico, the only Drosophila Mig-10/RIAM/Lamellipodin adapter protein family member, has been linked to tissue overgrowth via its effect on the myocardin-related transcription factor (Mrtf), an F-actin sensor capable of activating serum response factor (SRF). Transcriptional changes induced by acute Mrtf/SRF signalling have been largely linked to actin biosynthesis and cytoskeletal regulation. However, by RNA profiling, we find that the common response to chronic mrtf and pico overexpression in wing discs was upregulation of ribosome protein and mitochondrial genes, which are conserved targets for Mrtf/SRF and are known growth drivers. Consistent with their ability to induce a common transcriptional response and activate SRF signalling in vitro, we found that both pico and mrtf stimulate expression of an SRF-responsive reporter gene in wing discs. In a functional genetic screen, we also identified deterin, which encodes Drosophila Survivin, as a putative Mrtf/SRF target that is necessary for pico-mediated tissue overgrowth by suppressing proliferation-associated cell death. Taken together, our findings raise the possibility that distinct targets of Mrtf/SRF may be transcriptionally induced depending on the duration of upstream signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Jonchère
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Nada Alqadri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - John Herbert
- Centre for Computational Biology and Modelling (CCBM), Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Lauren Dodgson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - David Mason
- Centre for Cell Imaging, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Centre for Computational Biology and Modelling (CCBM), Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Daimark Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK .,Centre for Cell Imaging, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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8
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Drosophila melanogaster “a potential model organism” for identification of pharmacological properties of plants/plant-derived components. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:1331-1345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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9
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Gurevich VV, Gurevich EV. Analyzing the roles of multi-functional proteins in cells: The case of arrestins and GRKs. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 50:440-52. [PMID: 26453028 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2015.1067185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Most proteins have multiple functions. Obviously, conventional methods of manipulating the level of the protein of interest in the cell, such as over-expression, knockout or knockdown, affect all of its functions simultaneously. The key advantage of these methods is that over-expression, knockout or knockdown does not require any knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the function(s) of the protein of interest. The disadvantage is that these approaches are inadequate to elucidate the role of an individual function of the protein in a particular cellular process. An alternative is the use of re-engineered proteins, in which a single function is eliminated or enhanced. The use of mono-functional elements of a multi-functional protein can also yield cleaner answers. This approach requires detailed knowledge of the structural basis of each function of the protein in question. Thus, a lot of preliminary structure-function work is necessary to make it possible. However, when this information is available, replacing the protein of interest with a mutant in which individual functions are modified can shed light on the biological role of those particular functions. Here, we illustrate this point using the example of protein kinases, most of which have additional non-enzymatic functions, as well as arrestins, known multi-functional signaling regulators in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenia V Gurevich
- a Department of Pharmacology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
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10
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Wu CH, Belhaj K, Bozkurt TO, Birk MS, Kamoun S. Helper NLR proteins NRC2a/b and NRC3 but not NRC1 are required for Pto-mediated cell death and resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:1344-52. [PMID: 26592988 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hang Wu
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Khaoula Belhaj
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Tolga O Bozkurt
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Marlène S Birk
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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11
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Mohr SE. RNAi screening in Drosophila cells and in vivo. Methods 2014; 68:82-8. [PMID: 24576618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, I discuss how RNAi screening can be used effectively to uncover gene function. Specifically, I discuss the types of high-throughput assays that can be done in Drosophila cells and in vivo, RNAi reagent design and available reagent collections, automated screen pipelines, analysis of screen results, and approaches to RNAi results verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Mohr
- Drosophila RNAi Screening Center, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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12
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Law AL, Vehlow A, Kotini M, Dodgson L, Soong D, Theveneau E, Bodo C, Taylor E, Navarro C, Perera U, Michael M, Dunn GA, Bennett D, Mayor R, Krause M. Lamellipodin and the Scar/WAVE complex cooperate to promote cell migration in vivo. J Cell Biol 2013; 203:673-89. [PMID: 24247431 PMCID: PMC3840943 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201304051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is essential for development, but its deregulation causes metastasis. The Scar/WAVE complex is absolutely required for lamellipodia and is a key effector in cell migration, but its regulation in vivo is enigmatic. Lamellipodin (Lpd) controls lamellipodium formation through an unknown mechanism. Here, we report that Lpd directly binds active Rac, which regulates a direct interaction between Lpd and the Scar/WAVE complex via Abi. Consequently, Lpd controls lamellipodium size, cell migration speed, and persistence via Scar/WAVE in vitro. Moreover, Lpd knockout mice display defective pigmentation because fewer migrating neural crest-derived melanoblasts reach their target during development. Consistently, Lpd regulates mesenchymal neural crest cell migration cell autonomously in Xenopus laevis via the Scar/WAVE complex. Further, Lpd's Drosophila melanogaster orthologue Pico binds Scar, and both regulate collective epithelial border cell migration. Pico also controls directed cell protrusions of border cell clusters in a Scar-dependent manner. Taken together, Lpd is an essential, evolutionary conserved regulator of the Scar/WAVE complex during cell migration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Lai Law
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, England, UK
| | - Anne Vehlow
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, England, UK
| | - Maria Kotini
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1 6BT, England, UK
| | - Lauren Dodgson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, England, UK
| | - Daniel Soong
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, England, UK
| | - Eric Theveneau
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1 6BT, England, UK
| | - Cristian Bodo
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, England, UK
| | - Eleanor Taylor
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, England, UK
| | - Christel Navarro
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, England, UK
| | - Upamali Perera
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, England, UK
| | - Magdalene Michael
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, England, UK
| | - Graham A. Dunn
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, England, UK
| | - Daimark Bennett
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, England, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1 6BT, England, UK
| | - Matthias Krause
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, James Black Centre, Cardiovascular Division, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, England, UK
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