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Zhang H, Du Z, Tu C, Zhou X, Menu E, Wang J. Hypoxic Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Secrete miR-140-5p and miR-28-3p That Target SPRED1 to Confer Drug Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2024; 84:39-55. [PMID: 37756570 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) promote drug resistance to bortezomib in multiple myeloma cells. Elucidating the components of BMSC sEV that induce drug resistance in multiple myeloma cells could help identify strategies to overcome resistance. Considering the hypoxic nature of the myeloma microenvironment, we explored the role of hypoxia in regulating BMSC sEV cargo and investigated whether hypoxia-driven sEV miRNAs contribute to the drug resistance in multiple myeloma cells. Hypoxia increased the release of sEVs from BMSCs, and these sEVs more strongly attenuated bortezomib sensitivity in multiple myeloma cells than sEVs from BMSCs under normoxic conditions. RNA sequencing revealed that significantly elevated levels of miR-140-5p and miR-28-3p were enclosed in hypoxic BMSC-derived sEVs. Both miR-140-5p and miR-28-3p conferred bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma cells by synergistically targeting SPRED1, a member of the Sprouty protein family that regulates MAPK activation. SPRED1 inhibition reduced sensitivity to bortezomib in multiple myeloma cells through activating MAPK-related pathways and significantly promoted multiple myeloma bortezomib resistance and tumor growth in a mouse model. These findings shed light on the role of hypoxia-induced miRNAs shuttled in BMSC-derived sEVs to multiple myeloma cells in inducing drug resistance and identify the miR-140-5p/miR-28-3p/SPRED1/MAPK pathway as a potential targetable axis for treating multiple myeloma. SIGNIFICANCE Hypoxia induces stromal cells to secrete extracellular vesicles with increased miR-140-5p and miR-28-3p that are transferred to multiple myeloma cells and drive drug resistance by increasing the MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenggong Tu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xinyan Zhou
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jinheng Wang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Backe SJ, Votra SD, Stokes MP, Sebestyén E, Castelli M, Torielli L, Colombo G, Woodford MR, Mollapour M, Bourboulia D. PhosY-secretome profiling combined with kinase-substrate interaction screening defines active c-Src-driven extracellular signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112539. [PMID: 37243593 PMCID: PMC10569185 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Src tyrosine kinase is a renowned key intracellular signaling molecule and a potential target for cancer therapy. Secreted c-Src is a recent observation, but how it contributes to extracellular phosphorylation remains elusive. Using a series of domain deletion mutants, we show that the N-proximal region of c-Src is essential for its secretion. The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP2) is an extracellular substrate of c-Src. Limited proteolysis-coupled mass spectrometry and mutagenesis studies verify that the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of c-Src and the P31VHP34 motif of TIMP2 are critical for their interaction. Comparative phosphoproteomic analyses identify an enrichment of PxxP motifs in phosY-containing secretomes from c-Src-expressing cells with cancer-promoting roles. Inhibition of extracellular c-Src using custom SH3-targeting antibodies disrupt kinase-substrate complexes and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. These findings point toward an intricate role for c-Src in generating phosphosecretomes, which will likely influence cell-cell communication, particularly in c-Src-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - SarahBeth D Votra
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | | | | | - Matteo Castelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Torielli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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3
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Cariello M, Squilla A, Piacente M, Venutolo G, Fasano A. Drug Resistance: The Role of Exosomal miRNA in the Microenvironment of Hematopoietic Tumors. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010116. [PMID: 36615316 PMCID: PMC9821808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, have an important role thanks to their ability to communicate and exchange information between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME), and have also been associated with communicating anti-cancer drug resistance (DR). The increase in proliferation of cancer cells alters oxygen levels, which causes hypoxia and results in a release of exosomes by the cancer cells. In this review, the results of studies examining the role of exosomal miRNA in DR, and their mechanism, are discussed in detail in hematological tumors: leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. In conclusion, we underline the exosome's function as a possible drug delivery vehicle by understanding its cargo. Engineered exosomes can be used to be more specific for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaconcetta Cariello
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. de Renzi, 84125 Salerno, Italy
| | - Angela Squilla
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. de Renzi, 84125 Salerno, Italy
| | - Martina Piacente
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. de Renzi, 84125 Salerno, Italy
| | - Giorgia Venutolo
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. de Renzi, 84125 Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessio Fasano
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. de Renzi, 84125 Salerno, Italy
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-724-4604
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Menu E, Vanderkerken K. Exosomes in multiple myeloma: from bench to bedside. Blood 2022; 140:2429-2442. [PMID: 35271699 PMCID: PMC10653045 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable plasma cell malignancy that develops in the bone marrow (BM). This BM is partially responsible for protecting the MM cells against current standard-of-care therapies and for accommodating MM-related symptoms such as bone resorption and immune suppression. Increasing evidence has implicated extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes in the different processes within the BM. Exosomes are <150-nm-sized vesicles secreted by different cell types including MM cells. These vesicles contain protein and RNA cargo that they deliver to the recipient cell. In this way, they have been implicated in MM-related processes including osteolysis, angiogenesis, immune suppression, and drug resistance. Targeting exosome secretion could therefore potentially block these different processes. In this review, we will summarize the current findings of exosome-related processes in the BM and describe not only the current treatment strategies to counter them but also how exosomes can be harnessed to deliver toxic payloads. Finally, an overview of the different clinical studies that investigate EV cargo as potential MM biomarkers in liquid biopsies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Tenchov R, Sasso JM, Wang X, Liaw WS, Chen CA, Zhou QA. Exosomes─Nature's Lipid Nanoparticles, a Rising Star in Drug Delivery and Diagnostics. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17802-17846. [PMID: 36354238 PMCID: PMC9706680 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subgroup of nanosized extracellular vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane and secreted by most eukaryotic cells. They represent a route of intercellular communication and participate in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. The biological roles of exosomes rely on their bioactive cargos, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which are delivered to target cells. Their distinctive properties─innate stability, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, and good biomembrane penetration capacity─allow them to function as superior natural nanocarriers for efficient drug delivery. Another notably favorable clinical application of exosomes is in diagnostics. They hold various biomolecules from host cells, which are indicative of pathophysiological conditions; therefore, they are considered vital for biomarker discovery in clinical diagnostics. Here, we use data from the CAS Content Collection and provide a landscape overview of the current state and delineate trends in research advancement on exosome applications in therapeutics and diagnostics across time, geography, composition, cargo loading, and development pipelines. We discuss exosome composition and pathway, from their biogenesis and secretion from host cells to recipient cell uptake. We assess methods for exosome isolation and purification, their clinical applications in therapy and diagnostics, their development pipelines, the exploration goals of the companies, the assortment of diseases they aim to treat, development stages of their research, and publication trends. We hope this review will be useful for understanding the current knowledge in the field of medical applications of exosomes, in an effort to further solve the remaining challenges in fulfilling their potential.
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Bergantim R, Peixoto da Silva S, Polónia B, Barbosa MAG, Albergaria A, Lima J, Caires HR, Guimarães JE, Vasconcelos MH. Detection of Measurable Residual Disease Biomarkers in Extracellular Vesicles from Liquid Biopsies of Multiple Myeloma Patients-A Proof of Concept. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213686. [PMID: 36430163 PMCID: PMC9690807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring measurable residual disease (MRD) is crucial to assess treatment response in Multiple Myeloma (MM). Detection of MRD in peripheral blood (PB) by exploring Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), and their cargo, would allow frequent and minimally invasive monitoring of MM. This work aims to detect biomarkers of MRD in EVs isolated from MM patient samples at diagnosis and remission and compare the MRD-associated content between BM and PB EVs. EVs were isolated by size-exclusion chromatography, concentrated by ultrafiltration, and characterized according to their size and concentration, morphology, protein concentration, and the presence of EV-associated protein markers. EVs from healthy blood donors were used as controls. It was possible to isolate EVs from PB and BM carrying MM markers. Diagnostic samples had different levels of MM markers between PB and BM paired samples, but no differences between PB and BM were found at remission. EVs concentration was lower in the PB of healthy controls than of patients, and MM markers were mostly not detected in EVs from controls. This study pinpoints the potential of PB EVs from MM remission patients as a source of MM biomarkers and as a non-invasive approach for monitoring MRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Bergantim
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Hematology, Hospital Center of São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Hematology, FMUP—Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Peixoto da Silva
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Polónia
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mélanie A. G. Barbosa
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - André Albergaria
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Research Innovation Unit, Translational Research & Industry Partnerships Office, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Lima
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Research Innovation Unit, Translational Research & Industry Partnerships Office, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo R. Caires
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - José E. Guimarães
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Hematology, Hospital Center of São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Hematology, FMUP—Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário IUCSESPU, 4585-116 Gandra-Paredes, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.E.G.); (M.H.V.); Tel.: +351-225-570-772 (J.E.G. & M.H.V.)
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.E.G.); (M.H.V.); Tel.: +351-225-570-772 (J.E.G. & M.H.V.)
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Ferreira BV, Carneiro EA, Pestana C, Barahona F, Caetano J, Lopes R, Lúcio P, Neves M, Beck HC, Carvalho AS, Matthiesen R, Costa-Silva B, João C. Patient-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Proteins as New Biomarkers in Multiple Myeloma - A Real-World Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:860849. [PMID: 35800053 PMCID: PMC9254863 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.860849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy of clonal antibody–secreting plasma cells (PCs). MM diagnosis and risk stratification rely on bone marrow (BM) biopsy, an invasive procedure prone to sample bias. Liquid biopsies, such as extracellular vesicles (EV) in peripheral blood (PB), hold promise as new minimally invasive tools. Real-world studies analyzing patient-derived EV proteome are rare. Here, we characterized a small EV protein content from PB and BM samples in a cohort of 102 monoclonal gammopathies patients routinely followed in the clinic and 223 PB and 111 BM samples were included. We investigated whether EV protein and particle concentration could predict an MM patient prognosis. We found that a high EV protein/particle ratio, or EV cargo >0.6 µg/108 particles, is related to poorer survival and immune dysfunction. These results were supported at the protein level by mass spectrometry. We report a set of PB EV-proteins (PDIA3, C4BPA, BTN1A1, and TNFSF13) with a new biomarker potential for myeloma patient outcomes. The high proteomic similarity between PB and BM matched pairs supports the use of circulating EV as a counterpart of the BM EV proteome. Overall, we found that the EV protein content is related to patient outcomes, such as survival, immune dysfunction, and possibly treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Velosa Ferreira
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Hemato-Oncology Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Emilie Arnault Carneiro
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Pestana
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre of Statistics and its Applications, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Barahona
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Caetano
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Hemato-Oncology Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Lopes
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Lúcio
- Hemato-Oncology Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel Neves
- Hemato-Oncology Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hans Christian Beck
- Centre for Clinical Proteomics, Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ana Sofia Carvalho
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rune Matthiesen
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Physiology and Cancer Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Bruno Costa-Silva, ; Cristina João,
| | - Cristina João
- Myeloma Lymphoma Research Group, Champalimaud Experimental Clinical Research Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Hemato-Oncology Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Bruno Costa-Silva, ; Cristina João,
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Rana R, Kant R, Kaul D, Sachdev A, Ganguly NK. Integrated view of molecular diagnosis and prognosis of dengue viral infection: future prospect of exosomes biomarkers. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:815-832. [PMID: 35059925 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENVs) are the viruses responsible for dengue infection which affects lungs, liver, heart and also other organs of individuals. DENVs consist of the group of four serotypically diverse dengue viruses transmitted in tropical and sub-tropical countries of world. Aedes mosquito is the principal vector which spread the infection from infected person to healthy humans. DENVs can cause different syndromes depending on serotype of virus which range from undifferentiated mild fever to dengue hemorrhagic fever resulting in vascular leakage due to release of cytokine and Dengue shock syndrome with fluid loss and hypotensive shock, or other severe manifestations such as bleeding and organ failure. Increase in dengue cases in pediatric population is a major concern. Transmission of dengue depends on various factors like temperature, rainfall, and distribution of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The present review describes a comprehensive overview of dengue, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment with an emphasis on potential of exosomes as biomarkers for early prediction of dengue in pediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Rana
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060, India.
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060, India
| | - Dinesh Kaul
- Department of Pediatrics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060, India
| | - Anil Sachdev
- Department of Pediatrics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 110060, India
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Bernardi S, Farina M. Exosomes and Extracellular Vesicles in Myeloid Neoplasia: The Multiple and Complex Roles Played by These " Magic Bullets". BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020105. [PMID: 33540594 PMCID: PMC7912829 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by the majority of cell types and can be isolated from both cell cultures and body fluids. They are involved in cell-to-cell communication and may shuttle different messages (RNA, DNA, and proteins). These messages are known to influence the microenvironment of cells and their behavior. In recent years, some evidence about the involvement of EVs and exosomes, an EV subgroup, in immunomodulation, the transfer of disease markers, and the treatment of myeloid malignancies have been reported. Little is known about these vesicles in this particular setting of hematologic neoplasia; here, we summarize and critically review the available results, aiming to encourage further investigations. Abstract Extracellular vesicles (exosomes, in particular) are essential in multicellular organisms because they mediate cell-to-cell communication via the transfer of secreted molecules. They are able to shuttle different cargo, from nucleic acids to proteins. The role of exosomes has been widely investigated in solid tumors, which gave us surprising results about their potential involvement in pathogenesis and created an opening for liquid biopsies. Less is known about exosomes in oncohematology, particularly concerning the malignancies deriving from myeloid lineage. In this review, we aim to present an overview of immunomodulation and the microenvironment alteration mediated by exosomes released by malicious myeloid cells. Afterwards, we review the studies reporting the use of exosomes as disease biomarkers and their influence in response to treatment, together with the recent experiences that have focused on the use of exosomes as therapeutic tools. The further development of new technologies and the increased knowledge of biological (exosomes) and clinical (myeloid neoplasia) aspects are expected to change the future approaches to these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bernardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica AIL (CREA), ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-0303998464
| | - Mirko Farina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica AIL (CREA), ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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10
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Grossi I, Radeghieri A, Paolini L, Porrini V, Pilotto A, Padovani A, Marengoni A, Barbon A, Bellucci A, Pizzi M, Salvi A, De Petro G. MicroRNA‑34a‑5p expression in the plasma and in its extracellular vesicle fractions in subjects with Parkinson's disease: An exploratory study. Int J Mol Med 2020; 47:533-546. [PMID: 33416118 PMCID: PMC7797475 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an important disabling age-related disorder and is the second most common neuro-degenerative disease. Currently, no established molecular biomarkers exist for the early diagnosis of PD. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), either vesicle-free or encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs), have emerged as potential blood-based biomarkers also for neurodegenerative diseases. In this exploratory study, we focused on miR-34a-5p because of its well-documented involvement in neurobiology. To explore a differential profile of circulating miR-34a-5p in PD, PD patients and age-matched control subjects were enrolled. Serial ultracentrifugation steps and density gradient were used to separate EV subpopulations from plasma according to their different sedimentation properties (Large, Medium, Small EVs). Characterization of EV types was performed using western blotting and atomic force microscopy (AFM); purity from protein contaminants was checked with the colorimetric nanoplasmonic assay. Circulating miR-34a-5p levels were evaluated using qPCR in plasma and in each EV type. miR-34a-5p was significantly up-regulated in small EVs devoid of exogenous protein contaminants (pure SEVs) from PD patients and ROC analysis indicated a good diagnostic performance in discriminating patients from controls (AUC=0.74, P<0.05). Moreover, miR-34a-5p levels in pure SEVs were associated with disease duration, Hoehn and Yahr and Beck Depression Inventory scores. These results under-line the necessity to examine the miRNA content of each EV subpopulation to identify miRNA candidates with potential diagnostic value and lay the basis for future studies to validate the overexpression of circulating miR-34a-5p in PD via the use of pure SEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Grossi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lucia Paolini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Vanessa Porrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Pilotto
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marengoni
- General Medicine and Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Barbon
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Arianna Bellucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Pizzi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Petro
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, I‑25123 Brescia, Italy
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11
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MMPs, tyrosine kinase signaling and extracellular matrix proteolysis in kidney cancer. Urol Oncol 2020; 39:316-321. [PMID: 32487351 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have ∼12% chance for 5-year survival. The integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds tumor cells influences their behavior and, when disturbed, it could facilitate local invasion and spread of tumor cells to distant sites. The interplay between von Hippel-Lindau/hypoxia inducible factor signaling axis and activated kinase networks results in aberrant ECM and tumor progression. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes implicated in ECM remodeling, tumor angiogenesis, and immune cell infiltration. Understanding the cross-talk between kinase signaling and ECM proteolysis in RCC could provide insights into developing drugs that interfere specifically with the process of invasion. In this review, we discuss changes in the MMPs/ECM axis in RCC, prominent kinase signaling pathways implicated in MMPs induction, and comment on emerging extracellular regulatory networks that modulate MMPs activity.
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12
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Gidlöf O, Evander M, Rezeli M, Marko-Varga G, Laurell T, Erlinge D. Proteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles reveals additional diagnostic biomarkers for myocardial infarction compared to plasma alone. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8991. [PMID: 31222168 PMCID: PMC6586849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are submicron, membrane-enclosed particles that are released from cells in various pathophysiological states. The molecular cargo of these vesicles is considered to reflect the composition of the cell of origin, and the EV proteome is therefore a potential source of biomarkers for various diseases. Our aim was to determine whether EVs isolated from plasma provide additional diagnostic value or improved pathophysiological understanding compared to plasma alone in the context of myocardial infarction (MI). A panel of proximity extension assays (n = 92) was employed to analyze EV lysates and plasma from patients with MI (n = 60) and healthy controls (n = 22). After adjustment for multiple comparisons, a total of 11 dysregulated proteins were identified in EVs of MI patients compared to the controls (q < 0.01). Three of these proteins: chymotrypsin C (CTRC), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SRC (SRC) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17) were unaltered in the corresponding plasma samples. As biomarkers for MI, rudimentary to no evidence exists for these proteins. In a separate group of patients with varying degrees of coronary artery disease, the decrease in EV-associated (but not plasma-related) SRC levels was confirmed by ELISA. Confirmation of the presence of SRC on EVs of different sizes and cellular origins was performed with ELISA, flow cytometry and nanoparticle tracking analysis. In conclusion, the data revealed that despite a similarity in the EV and plasma proteomes, analysis of isolated EVs does indeed provide additional diagnostic information that cannot be obtained from plasma alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Gidlöf
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, PO Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Evander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Erlinge
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, PO Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
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13
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De Luca L, Laurenzana I, Trino S, Lamorte D, Caivano A, Musto P. An update on extracellular vesicles in multiple myeloma: a focus on their role in cell-to-cell cross-talk and as potential liquid biopsy biomarkers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:249-258. [PMID: 30782029 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1583103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by a clonal proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells (PCs) in bone marrow (BM) and the interplay between MM PCs and the BM microenvironment, which plays a relevant role in its pathogenesis. In this important cross-talk, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are active. EVs, including small and medium/large EVs, are lipid bi-layer particles released in circulation by normal and neoplastic cells. A selected cargo of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids is loaded into EVs, and delivered locally and to distant sites, thus influencing the physiology of recipient cells. In the 'liquid biopsy' context, EVs can be isolated from human biofluids proving to be powerful markers in cancer. Areas covered: Here, we summarize the recent advances on EVs in MM field. Expert commentary: EVs from MM PCs: i) enhance malignant cell proliferation and aggressiveness through an autocrine loop; ii) are able to transfer drug resistance in sensitive-drug cells; iii) stimulate angiogenesis; iv) increase the activity of osteoclasts; v) have immunosuppressive effects. In addition, EVs from MM stromal cells also promote MM cell proliferation and drug resistance. Finally, we underline the importance of EVs as MM potential biomarkers in 'cancer liquid biopsy' and as a potential new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana De Luca
- a Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research , IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB) , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- a Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research , IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB) , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
| | - Stefania Trino
- a Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research , IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB) , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
| | - Daniela Lamorte
- a Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research , IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB) , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
| | - Antonella Caivano
- a Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research , IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB) , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- b Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit , IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilic`ata (CROB) , Rionero in Vulture (PZ) , Italy
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14
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Busatto S, Giacomini A, Montis C, Ronca R, Bergese P. Uptake Profiles of Human Serum Exosomes by Murine and Human Tumor Cells through Combined Use of Colloidal Nanoplasmonics and Flow Cytofluorimetric Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7855-7861. [PMID: 29870225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding extracellular vesicle (EV) internalization mechanisms and pathways in cells is of capital importance for both EV basic biology and clinical translation, but still presents analytical hurdles, such as undetermined purity grade and/or concentration of the EV samples and lack of standard protocols. We report an accessible, robust, and versatile method for resolving dose-dependent uptake profiles of exosomes-the nanosized (30-150 nm) subtypes of EVs of intracellular origin which are more intensively investigated for diagnostic and therapeutic applications-by cultured cells. The method is based on incubating recipient cells with consistently increasing doses of exosomes which are graded for purity and titrated by a COlorimetric NANoplasmonic (CONAN) assay followed by cell flow cytofluorimetric analysis. The proposed method allowed evaluation and comparison of the uptake of human serum exosomes by cancer cell lines of murine (TRAMP-C2) and human (LNCaP, DU145, MDA-MB-231, and A375) origin, setting a firmer footing for better characterization and understanding of exosome biology in different in vitro and (potentially) in vivo models of cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Busatto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Viale Europa 11 , 25123 Brescia , Italy.,INSTM, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology , Via Giusti , 9 50121 Florence , Italy
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Viale Europa 11 , 25123 Brescia , Italy
| | - Costanza Montis
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" e CSGI , University of Florence , via della Lastruccia 3 , 50019 Florence , Italy.,CSGI, Research Center for Colloids and Nanoscience , Via della Lastruccia 3 , 50019 , Sesto Fiorentino, Florence , Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Viale Europa 11 , 25123 Brescia , Italy
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine , University of Brescia , Viale Europa 11 , 25123 Brescia , Italy.,INSTM, National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology , Via Giusti , 9 50121 Florence , Italy.,CSGI, Research Center for Colloids and Nanoscience , Via della Lastruccia 3 , 50019 , Sesto Fiorentino, Florence , Italy
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15
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Sedgwick AE, D'Souza-Schorey C. The biology of extracellular microvesicles. Traffic 2018; 19:319-327. [PMID: 29479795 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a rapidly evolving field, owing in large part to recent advances in the realization of their significant contributions to normal physiology and disease. Once discredited as cell debris, these membrane vesicles have now emerged as mediators of intercellular communication by interaction with target cells, drug and gene delivery, and as potentially versatile platforms of clinical biomarkers as a result of their distinctive protein, nucleic acid and lipid cargoes. While there are multiple classes of EVs released from almost all cell types, here we focus primarily on the biogenesis, fate and functional cargoes of microvesicles (MVs). MVs regulate many important cellular processes including facilitating cell invasion, cell growth, evasion of immune response, stimulating angiogenesis, drug resistance and many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanna E Sedgwick
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
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16
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Sánchez-Pozo J, Baker-Williams AJ, Woodford MR, Bullard R, Wei B, Mollapour M, Stetler-Stevenson WG, Bratslavsky G, Bourboulia D. Extracellular Phosphorylation of TIMP-2 by Secreted c-Src Tyrosine Kinase Controls MMP-2 Activity. iScience 2018; 1:87-96. [PMID: 30227959 PMCID: PMC6135941 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP-2) is a specific endogenous inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), which is a key enzyme that degrades the extracellular matrix and promotes tumor cell invasion. Although the TIMP-2:MMP-2 complex controls proteolysis, the signaling mechanism by which the two proteins associate in the extracellular space remains unidentified. Here we report that TIMP-2 is phosphorylated outside the cell by secreted c-Src tyrosine kinase. As a consequence, phosphorylation at Y90 significantly enhances TIMP-2 potency as an MMP-2 inhibitor and weakens the catalytic action of the active enzyme. TIMP-2 phosphorylation also appears to be essential for its interaction with the latent enzyme proMMP-2 in vivo. Absence of the kinase or non-phosphorylatable Y90 abolishes TIMP-2 binding to the latent enzyme, ultimately hampering proMMP-2 activation. Together, TIMP-2 phosphorylation by secreted c-Src represents a critical extracellular regulatory mechanism that controls the proteolytic function of MMP-2. c-Src tyrosine kinase phosphorylates TIMP-2 Secreted c-Src phosphorylates TIMP-2 extracellularly TIMP-2 Y90 phosphorylation promotes extracellular interaction with proMMP-2 Tyrosine phosphorylation of TIMP-2 regulates proMMP-2 processing and MMP-2 activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sánchez-Pozo
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Alexander J Baker-Williams
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Renee Bullard
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Beiyang Wei
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - William G Stetler-Stevenson
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gennady Bratslavsky
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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17
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Interaction of Extracellular Vesicles with Si Surface Studied by Nanomechanical Microcantilever Sensors. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Paolini L, Zendrini A, Radeghieri A. Biophysical properties of extracellular vesicles in diagnostics. Biomark Med 2018; 12:383-391. [PMID: 29441794 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles, involved in cell-to-cell communication, in both normal and pathological processes. Originating by the outward budding of the plasma membrane or released by exocytosis, they are natural cargoes for lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. EV-based diagnostics promises unique advantages compared with conventional strategies involving whole body fluid analysis, including the reduction of biofluids complexity and more specific and sensitive detection of low abundance biomacromolecules. Besides EV cargoes, new breakthrough technologies are addressing EV 'colloidal properties' - including particle content, size and membrane mechanical properties - directly experienced by researchers to be critical factors in biomarkers discovery. This article focuses on the progresses in EV biophysical properties characterization as diagnostic tools for different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Paolini
- Department of Molecular & Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular & Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- Department of Molecular & Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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19
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Microenvironment drug resistance in multiple myeloma: emerging new players. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60698-60711. [PMID: 27474171 PMCID: PMC5312413 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) drug resistance (DR) is a multistep transformation process based on a powerful interplay between bone marrow stromal cells and MM cells that allows the latter to escape anti-myeloma therapies. Here we present an overview of the role of the bone marrow microenvironment in both soluble factors-mediated drug resistance (SFM-DR) and cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR), focusing on the role of new players, namely miRNAs, exosomes and cancer-associated fibroblasts.
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20
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Wang J, Faict S, Maes K, De Bruyne E, Van Valckenborgh E, Schots R, Vanderkerken K, Menu E. Extracellular vesicle cross-talk in the bone marrow microenvironment: implications in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38927-38945. [PMID: 26950273 PMCID: PMC5122441 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) represents a complex microenvironment containing stromal cells, immune cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and hematopoietic cells, which are crucial for the immune response, bone formation, and hematopoiesis. Apart from soluble factors and direct cell-cell contact, extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, were recently identified as a third mediator for cell communication. Solid evidence has already demonstrated the involvement of various BM-derived cells and soluble factors in the regulation of multiple biological processes whereas the EV-mediated message delivery system from the BM has just been explored in recent decades. These EVs not only perform physiological functions but can also play a role in cancer development, including in Multiple Myeloma (MM) which is a plasma cell malignancy predominantly localized in the BM. This review will therefore focus on the multiple functions of EVs derived from BM cells, the manipulation of the BM by cancer-derived EVs, and the role of BM EVs in MM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Faict
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rik Schots
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Paolini L, Orizio F, Busatto S, Radeghieri A, Bresciani R, Bergese P, Monti E. Exosomes Secreted by HeLa Cells Shuttle on Their Surface the Plasma Membrane-Associated Sialidase NEU3. Biochemistry 2017; 56:6401-6408. [PMID: 29039925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sialidases are glycohydrolases that remove terminal sialic acid residues from oligosaccharides, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. The plasma membrane-associated sialidase NEU3 is involved in the fine-tuning of sialic acid-containing glycans directly on the cell surface and plays relevant roles in important biological phenomena such as cell differentiation, molecular recognition, and cancer transformation. Extracellular vesicles are membranous structures with a diameter of 0.03-1 μm released by cells and can be detected in blood, urine, and culture media. Among extracellular vesicles, exosomes play roles in intercellular communication and maintenance of several physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer, and could represent a useful diagnostic tool for personalized nanomedicine approaches. Using inducible expression of the murine form of NEU3 in HeLa cells, a study of the association of the enzyme with exosomes released in the culture media has been performed. Briefly, NEU3 is associated with highly purified exosomes and localizes on the external leaflet of these nanovesicles, as demonstrated by enzyme activity measurements, Western blot analysis, and dot blot analysis using specific protein markers. On the basis of these results, it is plausible that NEU3 activity on exosome glycans enhances the dynamic biological behavior of these small extracellular vesicles by modifying the negative charge and steric hindrance of their glycocalyx. The presence of NEU3 on the exosomal surface could represent a useful marker for the detection of these nanovesicles and a tool for improving our understanding of the biology of these important extracellular carriers in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Paolini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMTM), University of Brescia , 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Flavia Orizio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMTM), University of Brescia , 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Busatto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMTM), University of Brescia , 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMTM), University of Brescia , 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bresciani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMTM), University of Brescia , 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMTM), University of Brescia , 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMTM), University of Brescia , 25123 Brescia, Italy
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22
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Caivano A, La Rocca F, Laurenzana I, Trino S, De Luca L, Lamorte D, Del Vecchio L, Musto P. Extracellular Vesicles in Hematological Malignancies: From Biology to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1183. [PMID: 28574430 PMCID: PMC5486006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of particles, between 15 nanometers and 10 microns in diameter, released by almost all cell types in physiological and pathological conditions, including tumors. EVs have recently emerged as particularly interesting informative vehicles, so that they could be considered a true "cell biopsy". Indeed, EV cargo, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, generally reflects the nature and status of the origin cells. In some cases, EVs are enriched of peculiar molecular cargo, thus suggesting at least a degree of specific cellular packaging. EVs are identified as important and critical players in intercellular communications in short and long distance interplays. Here, we examine the physiological role of EVs and their activity in cross-talk between bone marrow microenvironment and neoplastic cells in hematological malignancies (HMs). In these diseases, HM EVs can modify tumor and bone marrow microenvironment, making the latter "stronger" in supporting malignancy, inducing drug resistance, and suppressing the immune system. Moreover, EVs are abundant in biologic fluids and protect their molecular cargo against degradation. For these and other "natural" characteristics, EVs could be potential biomarkers in a context of HM liquid biopsy and therapeutic tools. These aspects will be also analyzed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Caivano
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 858028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Francesco La Rocca
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 858028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 858028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Luciana De Luca
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 858028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Daniela Lamorte
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 858028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
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Ridger VC, Boulanger CM, Angelillo-Scherrer A, Badimon L, Blanc-Brude O, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Boilard E, Buzas EI, Caporali A, Dignat-George F, Evans PC, Lacroix R, Lutgens E, Ketelhuth DFJ, Nieuwland R, Toti F, Tunon J, Weber C, Hoefer IE. Microvesicles in vascular homeostasis and diseases. Position Paper of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Working Group on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1296-1316. [PMID: 28569921 DOI: 10.1160/th16-12-0943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles are members of the family of extracellular vesicles shed from the plasma membrane of activated or apoptotic cells. Microvesicles were initially characterised by their pro-coagulant activity and described as "microparticles". There is mounting evidence revealing a role for microvesicles in intercellular communication, with particular relevance to hemostasis and vascular biology. Coupled with this, the potential of microvesicles as meaningful biomarkers is under intense investigation. This Position Paper will summarise the current knowledge on the mechanisms of formation and composition of microvesicles of endothelial, platelet, red blood cell and leukocyte origin. This paper will also review and discuss the different methods used for their analysis and quantification, will underline the potential biological roles of these vesicles with respect to vascular homeostasis and thrombosis and define important themes for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chantal M Boulanger
- Victoria Ridger, PhD, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK, E-mail: , or, Chantal M. Boulanger, PhD, INSERM UMR-S 970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France, E-mail:
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24
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Wang J, De Veirman K, Faict S, Frassanito MA, Ribatti D, Vacca A, Menu E. Multiple myeloma exosomes establish a favourable bone marrow microenvironment with enhanced angiogenesis and immunosuppression. J Pathol 2016; 239:162-73. [PMID: 26956697 DOI: 10.1002/path.4712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis and progression largely rely on the cells and extracellular factors in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Compelling studies have identified tumour exosomes as key regulators in the maintenance and education of the BM microenvironment by targeting stromal cells, immune cells, and vascular cells. However, the role of MM exosomes in the modification of the BM microenvironment and MM progression remains unclear. Here, we explored the functions of MM exosomes in angiogenesis and immunosuppression in vitro and in vivo. Murine MM exosomes carrying multiple angiogenesis-related proteins enhanced angiogenesis and directly promoted endothelial cell growth. Several pathways such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p53 were modulated by the exosomes in endothelial and BM stromal cells. These exosomes promoted the growth of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in naive mice through activation of the STAT3 pathway and changed their subsets to similar phenotypes to those seen in MM-bearing mice. Moreover, MM exosomes up-regulated inducible nitric oxide synthase and enhanced the immunosuppressive capacity of BM MDSCs in vivo. Our data show that MM exosomes modulate the BM microenvironment through enhancement of angiogenesis and immunosuppression, which will further facilitate MM progression. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Faict
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Antonia Frassanito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.,National Cancer Institute 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Paolini L, Zendrini A, Di Noto G, Busatto S, Lottini E, Radeghieri A, Dossi A, Caneschi A, Ricotta D, Bergese P. Residual matrix from different separation techniques impacts exosome biological activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23550. [PMID: 27009329 PMCID: PMC4806376 DOI: 10.1038/srep23550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are gaining a prominent role in research due to their intriguing biology and several therapeutic opportunities. However, their accurate purification from body fluids and detailed physicochemical characterization remain open issues. We isolated exosomes from serum of patients with Multiple Myeloma by four of the most popular purification methods and assessed the presence of residual contaminants in the preparations through an ad hoc combination of biochemical and biophysical techniques - including Western Blot, colloidal nanoplasmonics, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning helium ion microscopy (HIM). The preparations obtained by iodixanol and sucrose gradients were highly pure. To the contrary, those achieved with limited processing (serial centrifugation or one step precipitation kit) resulted contaminated by a residual matrix, embedding the exosomes. The contaminated preparations showed lower ability to induce NfkB nuclear translocation in endothelial cells with respect to the pure ones, probably because the matrix prevents the interaction and fusion of the exosomes with the cell membrane. These findings suggest that exosome preparation purity must be carefully assessed since it may interfere with exosome biological activity. Contaminants can be reliably probed only by an integrated characterization approach aimed at both the molecular and the colloidal length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Paolini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Noto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Busatto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lottini
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM, Laboratory of Molecular Magnetism, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dossi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Caneschi
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM, Laboratory of Molecular Magnetism, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Doris Ricotta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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26
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Tanaka M, Shiota M, Nakao T, Uemura R, Nishi S, Ohkawa Y, Matsumoto M, Yamaguchi M, Osada-Oka M, Inagaki A, Takahashi K, Nakayama KI, Gi M, Izumi Y, Miura K, Iwao H. Identification of low-abundance proteins in serum via the isolation of HSP72 complexes. J Proteomics 2016; 136:214-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Canella A, Harshman SW, Radomska HS, Freitas MA, Pichiorri F. The potential diagnostic power of extracellular vesicle analysis for multiple myeloma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:277-84. [PMID: 26671731 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2016.1132627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy of plasma cells (PCs). In the United States, MM accounts for approximately 1% of all diagnoses and 2% of all cancer-related deaths. Although MM is a treatable disease, most patients eventually relapse, and despite the development of numerous treatment options it is still considered incurable. Mechanisms of communication between MM-PCs and bone marrow microenvironment, including cell-cell contacts and release of pro-survival factors, promote cancer cell survival and drug resistance. Recently, the importance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as mechanisms of communication between MM cells and other cells in the microenvironment has been reported. In this review, the authors provide the update on the biology and clinical aspects of EVs in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Canella
- a Comprehensive Cancer Center , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Sean W Harshman
- a Comprehensive Cancer Center , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA.,b Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Hanna S Radomska
- a Comprehensive Cancer Center , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Michael A Freitas
- a Comprehensive Cancer Center , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA.,b Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Flavia Pichiorri
- c Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
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28
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Di Noto G, Bugatti A, Zendrini A, Mazzoldi EL, Montanelli A, Caimi L, Rusnati M, Ricotta D, Bergese P. Merging colloidal nanoplasmonics and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy for enhanced profiling of multiple myeloma-derived exosomes. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 77:518-24. [PMID: 26469728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for sorting exosomes from multiple myeloma (MM), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and healthy individuals is presented. The method is based on the combination of colloidal gold nanoplasmonics and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensing and probes distinctive colloidal properties of MM-derived exosomes, such as molar concentration and cell membrane binding preferences. It allowed to discover that MM patients produce about four folds more exosomes than MGUS and healthy individuals. In addition, it showed that among the analyzed exosomes, only the MM-derived ones bind heparin - a structural analog of heparan sulfate proteoglycans known to mediate exosome endocytosis - with an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) equal to about 1 nM, indicating a high affinity binding. This plasmonic method complements the classical biochemical profiling approach to exosomes, expanding the MM biomarker panel and adding biosensors to the toolbox to diagnose MM. It may find applications for other diseases and has wider interest for fundamental and translational research involving exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Noto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25132 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Antonella Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25132 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25132 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Laura Mazzoldi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25132 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Montanelli
- Spedali Civili of Brescia, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Caimi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25132 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Rusnati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25132 Brescia, Italy
| | - Doris Ricotta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25132 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine and INSTM, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25132 Brescia, Italy.
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29
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Hellwinkel JE, Redzic JS, Harland TA, Gunaydin D, Anchordoquy TJ, Graner MW. Glioma-derived extracellular vesicles selectively suppress immune responses. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:497-506. [PMID: 26385614 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma-related immunosuppression is well documented; however, the mechanisms of suppression are not fully understood. Here we explore a role for glioma extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a means of immune modulation. METHODS Healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were incubated with mitogenic stimuli and various concentrations of glioma-derived EVs. Intracellular signaling and cytokine output were determined by protein microarrays, and phenotypic changes were assessed by flow cytometry. Recall antigen testing, mixed lymphocyte reactions, and migration assays analyzed PBMC functional capacity. RESULTS Protein microarray data revealed induction of an immunosuppressive phenotype and cytokine output at high tumor-vesicle concentrations but an activated phenotype at low concentrations. T cell activation antigen expression confirmed differential activation profiles. Functional analyses revealed decreased migratory capacity of PBMCs after incubation with EVs; however, recall antigen and mixed lymphocyte tests indicated that activation capacity is still retained in EV-treated cells. CONCLUSION The differential effects of high and low EV concentrations dictate modulatory effects on PBMCs. These data provide a role for EVs at high concentrations for inducing selective tolerance of an immune response in a tumor setting. This suggests that lymphocytes in patients' circulation are not irreparably impaired, as previously thought, but can be rescued to augment antitumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E Hellwinkel
- Dept of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (J.E.H, T.A.H, D.G., M.W.G); Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (J.S.R, T.J.A)
| | - Jasmina S Redzic
- Dept of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (J.E.H, T.A.H, D.G., M.W.G); Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (J.S.R, T.J.A)
| | - Tessa A Harland
- Dept of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (J.E.H, T.A.H, D.G., M.W.G); Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (J.S.R, T.J.A)
| | - Dicle Gunaydin
- Dept of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (J.E.H, T.A.H, D.G., M.W.G); Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (J.S.R, T.J.A)
| | - Thomas J Anchordoquy
- Dept of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (J.E.H, T.A.H, D.G., M.W.G); Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (J.S.R, T.J.A)
| | - Michael W Graner
- Dept of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (J.E.H, T.A.H, D.G., M.W.G); Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (J.S.R, T.J.A)
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30
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Cigliana G, Torti E, Gulli F, De Santis E, Dell'Abate MT, Colacicco L, Pisani F, Conti L, Basile U. Relationship between circulating syndecan-1 levels (CD138s) and serum free light chains in monoclonal gammopathies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:37. [PMID: 26025441 PMCID: PMC4495691 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Monoclonal gammopathies encompass a wide range of diseases characterized by the monoclonal expansion of a B-cell clone. Despite emerging therapeutic strategies, chances of survival of patients who are affected are still scarce, which implies that new tools are necessary not only for the diagnosis but also for the follow-up of patients affected by such diseases. In this context, the use of free light chains (FLCs) has been incorporated into many guidelines. Likewise, tumor microenvironment is consistently gaining importance as role player in tumor pathogenesis. Specifically, Syndecan-1 (CD138), a heparan-sulfate proteoglycan is attracting interests as it is highly expressed and shed by myeloma plasma-cells. The aim of our study was to analyze CD138 levels in the serum of patients affected by multiple myeloma or light chain only disease, and to compare the values obtained with free light chain (FLC) kappa, lambda and FLC ratio in both groups of patients. Methods 84 patients affected by Multiple Myeloma and Light Chain Myeloma were recruited for this study. Serum CD138 was assessed by ELISA (Diaclone Research, France) and FLC values were quantified by nephelometry (Freelite TM Human Kappa and Lambda Free Kits, The Binding Site, UK). Data was analyzed by GraphPad Prism software and Statgraph. Results We observed higher CD138 mean values in myeloma patients compared to the light chain only myeloma group. A positive linear regression of CD138 and FLC was observed in the light chain only cohort as opposed to myeloma patients which show an inverse trend. Conclusions The study highlighted an existing relationship between FLCs and CD138 and wishes to seek also a correlation in order to rapidly and efficiently perform diagnosis and different diagnostic schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cigliana
- Department of Prevention and Diagnostic Oncology, Laboratory of Clinical Pathology -National Cancer Institute "Regina Elena", Rome, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Torti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, ZIP CODE: 00168, Italy.
| | - Francesca Gulli
- School of Medicine - Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena De Santis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, ZIP CODE: 00168, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Dell'Abate
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, ZIP CODE: 00168, Italy.
| | - Luigi Colacicco
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, ZIP CODE: 00168, Italy.
| | - Francesco Pisani
- Hematology and Transplantation, Italian National Cancer Institute "Regina Elena", Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Prevention and Diagnostic Oncology, Laboratory of Clinical Pathology -National Cancer Institute "Regina Elena", Rome, Italy.
| | - Umberto Basile
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, Rome, ZIP CODE: 00168, Italy.
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31
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Maiolo D, Paolini L, Di Noto G, Zendrini A, Berti D, Bergese P, Ricotta D. Colorimetric nanoplasmonic assay to determine purity and titrate extracellular vesicles. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4168-76. [PMID: 25674701 DOI: 10.1021/ac504861d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) - cell secreted vesicles that carry rich molecular information of the parental cell and constitute an important mode of intercellular communication - are becoming a primary topic in translational medicine. EVs (that comprise exosomes and microvesicles/microparticles) have a size ranging from 40 nm to 1 μm and share several physicochemical proprieties, including size, density, surface charge, and light interaction, with other nano-objects present in body fluids, such as single and aggregated proteins. This makes separation, titration, and characterization of EVs challenging and time-consuming. Here we present a cost-effective and fast colorimetric assay for probing by eye protein contaminants and determine the concentration of EV preparations, which exploits the synergy between colloidal gold nanoplasmonics, nanoparticle-protein corona, and nanoparticle-membrane interaction. The assay hits a limit of detection of protein contaminants of 5 ng/μL and has a dynamic range of EV concentration ranging from 35 fM to 35 pM, which matches the typical range of EV concentration in body fluids. This work provides the first example of the exploitation of the nanoparticle-protein corona in analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Maiolo
- †Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory and INSTM, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lucia Paolini
- ‡Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Noto
- ‡Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Zendrini
- ‡Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Debora Berti
- §Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence Italy
| | - Paolo Bergese
- †Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory and INSTM, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Doris Ricotta
- ‡Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Zhang L, Valencia CA, Dong B, Chen M, Guan PJ, Pan L. Transfer of microRNAs by extracellular membrane microvesicles: a nascent crosstalk model in tumor pathogenesis, especially tumor cell-microenvironment interactions. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:14. [PMID: 25885907 PMCID: PMC4344735 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticancer treatments aiming at killing malignant cells have been applied for decades but have been unsuccessful at curing the disease. The modern concept of tumor microenvironment, especially angiogenesis, suggests that the tumor is not only composed of malignant cells, but also consists of other groups of cells that work together. Recently, genetic message transfer has been revealed between tumor cells and their microenvironment. The latest cell-derived vector, extracellular membrane microvesicles (EMVs), has been found to provide membrane protection and allowed to deliver genetic information beyond the cells. Additionally, EMV-associated microRNAs are involved in a variety of cellular pathways for tumor initiation and progression. Previous published reviews have focused on miRNA that included EMVs as a sensitive marker for tumor monitoring in clinical applications that are based on the alteration of their expression levels in conjunction with disease occurrence and progression. From the aspect of cellular crosstalk, this article will review the role of EMV-mediated microRNA transfer in tumor pathogenesis, including tumor treatment obstacles, history and features, and current research in inflammatory/immune pathologies, as well as in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. This nascent crosstalk model will provide a novel insight into complementing the classic mechanisms of intercellular communication and contribute to the potential therapeutic strategy via small RNA molecule-carrying EMVs for multimodality treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - C Alexander Valencia
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA.
| | - Biao Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA.
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Pu-Jun Guan
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ling Pan
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Exosomes: novel biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:657086. [PMID: 25695100 PMCID: PMC4322857 DOI: 10.1155/2015/657086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are 30–120 nm endocytic membrane-derived vesicles that participate in cell-to-cell communication and protein and RNA delivery. Exosomes harbor a variety of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids and are present in many and perhaps all bodily fluids. A significant body of literature has demonstrated that molecular constituents of exosomes, especially exosomal proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs), hold great promise as novel biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. In this minireview, we summarize recent advances in the research of exosomal biomarkers and their potential application in clinical diagnostics. We also provide a brief overview of the formation, function, and isolation of exosomes.
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34
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Di Noto G, Chiarini M, Paolini L, Mazzoldi EL, Giustini V, Radeghieri A, Caimi L, Ricotta D. Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains and GAGs Mediate Multiple Myeloma Extracellular Vesicles Uptake and Secondary NfκB Nuclear Translocation. Front Immunol 2014; 5:517. [PMID: 25386176 PMCID: PMC4209816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy caused by a microenviromentally aided persistence of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Monoclonal plasma cells often secrete high amounts of immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) that could induce tissue damage. Recently, we showed that FLCs are internalized in endothelial and myocardial cell lines and secreted in extracellular vesicles (EVs). MM serum derived EVs presented phenotypic differences if compared with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) serum derived EVs suggesting their involvement in MM pathogenesis or progression. To investigate the effect of circulating EVs on endothelial and myocardial cells, we purified MM and MGUS serum derived EVs with differential ultracentrifugation protocols and tested their biological activity. We found that MM and MGUS EVs induced different proliferation and internalization rates in endothelial and myocardial cells, thus we tried to find specific targets in MM EVs docking and processing. Pre-treatment of EVs with anti-FLCs antibodies or heparin blocked the MM EVs uptake, highlighting that FLCs and glycosaminoglycans are involved. Indeed, only MM EVs exposure induced a strong nuclear factor kappa B nuclear translocation that was completely abolished after anti-FLCs antibodies and heparin pre-treatment. The protein tyrosine kinase c-src is present on MM circulating EVs and redistributes to the cell plasma membrane after MM EVs exposure. The anti-FLCs antibodies and heparin pre-treatments were able to block the intracellular re-distribution of the c-src kinase and the subsequent c-src kinase containing EVs production. Our results open new insights in EVs cellular biology and in MM therapeutic and diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Noto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Marco Chiarini
- CREA, Diagnostic Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili di Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Lucia Paolini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Elena Laura Mazzoldi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Viviana Giustini
- CREA, Diagnostic Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili di Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Annalisa Radeghieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Luigi Caimi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Doris Ricotta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
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