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Choi A, Dong K, Williams E, Pia L, Batagower J, Bending P, Shin I, Peters DI, Kaspar JR. Human saliva modifies growth, biofilm architecture, and competitive behaviors of oral streptococci. mSphere 2024; 9:e0077123. [PMID: 38319113 PMCID: PMC10900908 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00771-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The bacteria within supragingival biofilms participate in complex exchanges with other microbes inhabiting the same niche. One example is the mutans group streptococci (Streptococcus mutans), implicated in the development of tooth decay, and other health-associated commensal streptococci species. Previously, our group transcriptomically characterized intermicrobial interactions between S. mutans and several species of oral bacteria. However, these experiments were carried out in a medium without human saliva. To better mimic their natural environment, we first evaluated how inclusion of saliva affected growth and biofilm formation of eight Streptococcus species individually and found saliva to positively benefit growth rates while negatively influencing biofilm biomass accumulation and altering spatial arrangement. These results carried over during evaluation of 29 saliva-derived isolates of various species. Surprisingly, we also found that addition of saliva increased the competitive behaviors of S. mutans in coculture competitions against commensal streptococci that led to increases in biofilm microcolony volumes. Through transcriptomically characterizing mono- and cocultures of S. mutans and Streptococcus oralis with and without saliva, we determined that each species developed a nutritional niche under mixed-species growth, with S. mutans upregulating carbohydrate uptake and utilization pathways while S. oralis upregulated genome features related to peptide uptake and glycan foraging. S. mutans also upregulated genes involved in oxidative stress tolerance, particularly manganese uptake, which we could artificially manipulate by supplementing in manganese leading to an advantage over its opponent. Our report highlights observable changes in microbial behaviors through leveraging environmental- and host-supplied resources over their competitors. IMPORTANCE Dental caries (tooth decay) is the most prevalent disease for both children and adults nationwide. Caries are initiated from demineralization of the enamel due to organic acid production through the metabolic activity of oral bacteria growing in biofilm communities attached to the tooth's surface. Mutans group streptococci are closely associated with caries development and initiation of the cariogenic cycle, which decreases the amount of acid-sensitive, health-associated commensal bacteria while selecting for aciduric and acidogenic species that then further drives the disease process. Defining the exchanges that occur between mutans group streptococci and oral commensals in a condition that closely mimics their natural environment is of critical need toward identifying factors that can influence odontopathogen establishment, persistence, and outgrowth. The goal of our research is to develop strategies, potentially through manipulation of microbial interactions characterized here, that prevent the emergence of mutans group streptococci while keeping the protective flora intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Choi
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin Dong
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily Williams
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lindsey Pia
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jordan Batagower
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Paige Bending
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Iris Shin
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel I Peters
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Justin R Kaspar
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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2
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Womack E, Alibayov B, Vidal JE, Eichenbaum Z. Endogenously produced H 2O 2 is intimately involved in iron metabolism in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0329723. [PMID: 38038454 PMCID: PMC10783112 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03297-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Heme degradation provides pathogens with growth essential iron, leveraging on the host heme reservoir. Bacteria typically import and degrade heme enzymatically, and here, we demonstrated a significant deviation from this dogma. We found that Streptococcus pneumoniae liberates iron from met-hemoglobin extracellularly, in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)- and cell-dependent manner; this activity serves as a major iron acquisition mechanism for S. pneumoniae. Inhabiting oxygen-rich environments is a major part of pneumococcal biology, and hence, H2O2-mediated heme degradation likely supplies iron during infection. Moreover, H2O2 reaction with ferrous hemoglobin but not with met-hemoglobin is known to result in heme breakdown. Therefore, the ability of pneumococci to degrade heme from met-hemoglobin is a new paradigm. Lastly, this study will inform other research as it demonstrates that extracellular degradation must be considered in the interpretations of experiments in which H2O2-producing bacteria are given heme or hemoproteins as an iron source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edroyal Womack
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Babek Alibayov
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jorge E. Vidal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Zehava Eichenbaum
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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3
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Choi A, Dong K, Williams E, Pia L, Batagower J, Bending P, Shin I, Peters DI, Kaspar JR. Human Saliva Modifies Growth, Biofilm Architecture and Competitive Behaviors of Oral Streptococci. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.21.554151. [PMID: 37662325 PMCID: PMC10473590 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.21.554151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The bacteria within supragingival biofilms participate in complex exchanges with other microbes inhabiting the same niche. One example are the mutans group streptococci (Streptococcus mutans), implicated in the development of tooth decay, and other health-associated commensal streptococci species. Previously, our group transcriptomically characterized intermicrobial interactions between S. mutans and several species of oral bacteria. However, these experiments were carried out in a medium that was absent of human saliva. To better mimic their natural environment, we first evaluated how inclusion of saliva affected growth and biofilm formation of eight streptococci species individually, and found saliva to positively benefit growth rates while negatively influencing biomass accumulation and altering spatial arrangement. These results carried over during evaluation of 29 saliva-derived isolates of various species. Surprisingly, we also found that addition of saliva increased the competitive behaviors of S. mutans in coculture competitions against commensal streptococci that led to increases in biofilm microcolony volumes. Through transcriptomically characterizing mono- and cocultures of S. mutans and Streptococcus oralis with and without saliva, we determined that each species developed a nutritional niche under mixed-species growth, with S. mutans upregulating carbohydrate uptake and utilization pathways while S. oralis upregulated genome features related to peptide uptake and glycan foraging. S. mutans also upregulated genes involved in oxidative stress tolerance, particularly manganese uptake, which we could artificially manipulate by supplementing in manganese to give it an advantage over its opponent. Our report highlights observable changes in microbial behaviors via leveraging environmental- and host-supplied resources over their competitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Choi
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kevin Dong
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Emily Williams
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lindsey Pia
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jordan Batagower
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Paige Bending
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Iris Shin
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daniel I Peters
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Justin R Kaspar
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
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4
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Ray S, Gaudet R. Structures and coordination chemistry of transporters involved in manganese and iron homeostasis. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:897-923. [PMID: 37283482 PMCID: PMC10330786 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A repertoire of transporters plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis of biologically essential transition metals, manganese, and iron, thus ensuring cell viability. Elucidating the structure and function of many of these transporters has provided substantial understanding into how these proteins help maintain the optimal cellular concentrations of these metals. In particular, recent high-resolution structures of several transporters bound to different metals enable an examination of how the coordination chemistry of metal ion-protein complexes can help us understand metal selectivity and specificity. In this review, we first provide a comprehensive list of both specific and broad-based transporters that contribute to cellular homeostasis of manganese (Mn2+) and iron (Fe2+ and Fe3+) in bacteria, plants, fungi, and animals. Furthermore, we explore the metal-binding sites of the available high-resolution metal-bound transporter structures (Nramps, ABC transporters, P-type ATPase) and provide a detailed analysis of their coordination spheres (ligands, bond lengths, bond angles, and overall geometry and coordination number). Combining this information with the measured binding affinity of the transporters towards different metals sheds light into the molecular basis of substrate selectivity and transport. Moreover, comparison of the transporters with some metal scavenging and storage proteins, which bind metal with high affinity, reveal how the coordination geometry and affinity trends reflect the biological role of individual proteins involved in the homeostasis of these essential transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamayeeta Ray
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A
| | - Rachelle Gaudet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A
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5
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Zhao S, Wang Z, Lin Z, Wei G, Wen X, Li S, Yang X, Zhang Q, Jing C, Dai Y, Guo J, He Y. Drug Repurposing by Siderophore Conjugation: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Siderophore‐Methotrexate Conjugates as Antibiotics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204139. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Peng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing 400714 P. R. China
| | - Zihua Lin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Guoxing Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Xumei Wen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Siyu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing 400714 P. R. China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Medicine Laboratory Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014 P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Jing
- Medicine Laboratory Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014 P. R. China
| | - Yuanwei Dai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Jian Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Yun He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research Innovative Drug Research Center School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
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6
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Induction of the macrolide-resistance efflux pump Mega inhibits intoxication of Staphylococcus aureus strains by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127134. [PMID: 35905580 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) kills Staphylococcus aureus (Sau) through a contact-dependent mechanism that is catalyzed by cations, including iron, to convert hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH). There are two well-characterized ABC transporters that contribute to the pool of iron in Spn, named Pia and Piu. Some Spn strains have acquired genes mef(E)/mel encoding another ABC trasporter (Mega) that produces an inducible efflux pump for resistance to macrolides. In macrolide-resistant Spn clinical isolates the insertion of Mega class 1. IV and 2. IVc deleted the locus piaABCD and these strains were attenuated for intoxicating Sau. The goal of this study was to investigate if the disruption of iron acquisition, or the antimicrobial-resistance activity of Mega, contributed to inhibiting the killing mechanism. Neither depletion of iron with 2,2'-dipyridyl-d8 (DP) nor incubating with a double knockout mutant SpnΔpiaAΔpiuA, inhibited killing of Sau. Clinical Spn strains carrying Mega1. IV or Mega2. IVc showed a significant delay for killing Sau. An ex vivo recombination system was used to transfer Mega1. IV or Mega2. IVc to reference Spn strains, which was confirmed by whole genome sequencing, and recombinants TIGR4Mega2. IVc, D39Mega2. IVc, and D39Mega1. IV were delayed for killing Sau. We then compared Sau killing of selected Mega-carrying Spn strains when incubated with sub-inhibitory erythromycin (Mega-induced) or sub-inhibitory cefuroxime. Remarkably, killing of Sau was completely inhibited under the Mega-induced condition whereas incubation with cefuroxime did not interfere with killing. Both mef(E) and mel were upregulated > 400-fold, and spxB (encoding an enzyme responsible for production of most H2O2) was upregulated 14.2-fold, whereas transcription of the autolysin (lytA) gene was downregulated when incubated with erythromycin. We demonstrated that erythromycin induction of Mega inhibits the •OH-mediated intoxication of Sau and that the inhibition occurred at the post-translational level suggesting that an imbalance of ions in the membrane inhibits these reactions.
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7
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Zhao S, Wang ZP, Lin Z, Wei G, Wen X, Li S, Yang X, Zhang Q, Jing C, Dai Y, Guo J, He Y. Drug Repurposing by Siderophore Conjugation: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Siderophore‐Methotrexate Conjugates as Antibiotics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhao
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Zihua Lin
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Guoxing Wei
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Xumei Wen
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Siyu Li
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Qun Zhang
- Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital Medicine Laboratory CHINA
| | - Chunmei Jing
- Chongqing Medical University Affiliated Children's Hospital Department of Clinical Laboratory CHINA
| | - Yuanwei Dai
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Jian Guo
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Yun He
- Chongqing University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Daxuecheng South Road 401331 Chongqing CHINA
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8
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de Jesús Olivares-Trejo J, Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez M. Proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae Involved in Iron Acquisition. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a human pathogen bacterium capable of using hemoglobin (Hb) and haem as a single iron source but not in presence of lactoferrin. This bacterium has developed a mechanism through the expression of several membrane proteins that bind to iron sources, between them a lipoprotein of 37 kDa called Spbhp-37 (Streptococcus pneumoniae haem-binding protein) involved in iron acquisition. The Spbhp-37 role is to maintain the viability of S. pneumoniae in presence of Hb or haem. This mechanism is relevant during the invasion of S. pneumoniae to human tissue for the acquisition of iron from hemoglobin or haem as an iron source.
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9
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Hemoglobin Induces Early and Robust Biofilm Development in Streptococcus pneumoniae by a Pathway That Involves comC but Not the Cognate comDE Two-Component System. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00779-20. [PMID: 33397818 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00779-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae grows in biofilms during both asymptomatic colonization and infection. Pneumococcal biofilms on abiotic surfaces exhibit delayed growth and lower biomass and lack the structures seen on epithelial cells or during nasopharyngeal carriage. We show here that adding hemoglobin to the medium activated unusually early and vigorous biofilm growth in multiple S. pneumoniae serotypes grown in batch cultures on abiotic surfaces. Human blood (but not serum, heme, or iron) also stimulated biofilms, and the pore-forming pneumolysin, ply, was required for this induction. S. pneumoniae transitioning from planktonic into sessile growth in the presence of hemoglobin displayed an extensive transcriptome remodeling within 1 and 2 h. Differentially expressed genes included those involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, nucleotides, amino acid, and lipids. The switch into adherent states also influenced the expression of several regulatory systems, including the comCDE genes. Inactivation of comC resulted in 67% reduction in biofilm formation, while the deletion of comD or comE had limited or no effect, respectively. These observations suggest a novel route for CSP-1 signaling independent of the cognate ComDE two-component system. Biofilm induction and the associated transcriptome remodeling suggest hemoglobin serves as a signal for host colonization in pneumococcus.
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10
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Cools F, Delputte P, Cos P. The search for novel treatment strategies for Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6064299. [PMID: 33399826 PMCID: PMC8371276 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the most important novel treatment strategies against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections published over the past 10 years. The pneumococcus causes the majority of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia cases, and it is one of the prime pathogens in bacterial meningitis. Over the last 10 years, extensive research has been conducted to prevent severe pneumococcal infections, with a major focus on (i) boosting the host immune system and (ii) discovering novel antibacterials. Boosting the immune system can be done in two ways, either by actively modulating host immunity, mostly through administration of selective antibodies, or by interfering with pneumococcal virulence factors, thereby supporting the host immune system to effectively overcome an infection. While several of such experimental therapies are promising, few have evolved to clinical trials. The discovery of novel antibacterials is hampered by the high research and development costs versus the relatively low revenues for the pharmaceutical industry. Nevertheless, novel enzymatic assays and target-based drug design, allow the identification of targets and the development of novel molecules to effectively treat this life-threatening pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cools
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - P Delputte
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - P Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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11
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Edmonds KA, Zhang Y, Raines DJ, Duhme-Klair AK, Giedroc DP. 1H, 13C, 15N backbone resonance assignments of the apo and holo forms of the ABC transporter solute binding protein PiuA from Streptococcus pneumoniae. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2020; 14:233-238. [PMID: 32495035 PMCID: PMC7668159 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-020-09952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive human pathogen that causes millions of infections worldwide with an increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistance. Iron acquisition is essential for its survival and virulence, especially under host-imposed nutritional immunity. S. pneumoniae expresses several ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters to facilitate acquisition under iron limitation, including PitABCD, PiaABCD, and PiuBCDA. The substrate specificity of PiuBCDA is not fully established. Herein, we report the backbone 1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignments of the 31 kDa soluble, extracellular domain of the substrate binding protein PiuA in the apo form and in complex with Ga(III) and the catechol siderophore-mimic 4-LICAM. These studies provide valuable information for further functional studies of interactions with other proteins, metals, and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Daniel J Raines
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Anne-K Duhme-Klair
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
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12
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Kheirandish M, Motlagh B, Afshar D. <p>Ferritin Degradation by Pneumococcal HtrA, RadA and ClpP Serine Proteases : A Probable Way For Releasing and Acquisition Of Iron</p>. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:3145-3152. [PMID: 32982329 PMCID: PMC7494395 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s264170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Iron is a necessary element for the growth of bacteria; however, there are limited iron sources known for these microorganisms yet. Intracellular iron is stored as ferritin from, which releases iron in a gradual and controlled manner. The present study aimed to characterize ferritin-binding proteins (FBPs) of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Material and Methods S. pneumoniae species were cultured in BHI broth containing ferritin (1094 ng/mL) for 4h at 37°C. Ferritin level was measured using ELISA assay. Bacterial proteome was electrophoresed on SDS-PAGE and then transferred on PVDF nitrocellulose membrane. Afterward, the PVDF membranes were incubated with a ferritin solution. Identification of ferritin binding proteins was performed using anti-ferritin monoclonal antibody conjugated with HRP enzyme. Molecular docking was used to assess the interaction between pneumococcal proteases and FBPs applying phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) as a protease inhibitor. Results No FBPs were identified in S. pneumoniae proteome. Moreover, ferritin levels have significantly (p<0.05) decreased following the growth of S. pneumoniae in ferritin-rich BHI medium. Also, molecular docking showed that RadA protease, ClpP hydrolase, and HtrA protease can potentially interact with PMSF protease inhibitors. On the other hand, the addition of the PMSF to the culture of S. pneumoniae prevented the reduction of ferritin, which indicates a potential role of RadA, ClpP, and HtrA proteases in ferritin degradation. Conclusion Our results suggest that S. pneumoniae produces no FBPs and also cannot directly use ferritin as an iron source. However, ferritin may be degraded through a protease-mediated mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Kheirandish
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Motlagh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Davoud Afshar
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Correspondence: Davoud Afshar Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranTel +98 2433140297 Email
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13
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Zhang Y, Edmonds KA, Raines DJ, Murphy BA, Wu H, Guo C, Nolan EM, VanNieuwenhze MS, Duhme-Klair AK, Giedroc DP. The Pneumococcal Iron Uptake Protein A (PiuA) Specifically Recognizes Tetradentate Fe IIIbis- and Mono-Catechol Complexes. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5390-5410. [PMID: 32795535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is an important Gram-positive human pathogen that causes millions of infections worldwide with an increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistance. Fe acquisition is a crucial virulence determinant in Spn; further, Spn relies on exogenous FeIII-siderophore scavenging to meet nutritional Fe needs. Recent studies suggest that the human catecholamine stress hormone, norepinephrine (NE), facilitates Fe acquisition in Spn under conditions of transferrin-mediated Fe starvation. Here we show that the solute binding lipoprotein PiuA from the piu Fe acquisition ABC transporter PiuBCDA, previously described as an Fe-hemin binding protein, binds tetradentate catechol FeIII complexes, including NE and the hydrolysis products of enterobactin. Two protein-derived ligands (H238, Y300) create a coordinately saturated FeIII complex, which parallel recent studies in the Gram-negative intestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Our in vitro studies using NMR spectroscopy and 54Fe LC-ICP-MS confirm the FeIII can move from transferrin to apo-PiuA in an NE-dependent manner. Structural analysis of PiuA FeIII-bis-catechol and GaIII-bis-catechol and GaIII-(NE)2 complexes by NMR spectroscopy reveals only localized structural perturbations in PiuA upon ligand binding, largely consistent with recent descriptions of other solute binding proteins of type II ABC transporters. We speculate that tetradentate FeIII complexes formed by mono- and bis-catechol species are important Fe sources in Gram-positive human pathogens, since PiuA functions in the same way as SstD from Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Katherine A Edmonds
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Daniel J Raines
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Brennan A Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Chuchu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Anne-K Duhme-Klair
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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14
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Zhang Y, Sen S, Giedroc DP. Iron Acquisition by Bacterial Pathogens: Beyond Tris-Catecholate Complexes. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1955-1967. [PMID: 32180318 PMCID: PMC7367709 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sequestration of the essential nutrient iron from bacterial invaders that colonize the vertebrate host is a central feature of nutritional immunity and the "fight over transition metals" at the host-pathogen interface. The iron quota for many bacterial pathogens is large, as iron enzymes often make up a significant share of the metalloproteome. Iron enzymes play critical roles in respiration, energy metabolism, and other cellular processes by catalyzing a wide range of oxidation-reduction, electron transfer, and oxygen activation reactions. In this Concept article, we discuss recent insights into the diverse ways that bacterial pathogens acquire this essential nutrient, beyond the well-characterized tris-catecholate FeIII complexes, in competition and cooperation with significant host efforts to cripple these processes. We also discuss pathogen strategies to adapt their metabolism to less-than-optimal iron concentrations, and briefly speculate on what might be an integrated adaptive response to the concurrent limitation of both iron and zinc in the infected host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Sambuddha Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
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15
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Yang XY, Li N, Xu JY, Sun X, He QY. Lipoprotein SPD_1609 of Streptococcus pneumoniae Promotes Adherence and Invasion to Epithelial Cells Contributing to Bacterial Virulence. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1769. [PMID: 31417540 PMCID: PMC6682666 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In most bacteria, iron plays a vital role in pathogenesis processes. To support survival and infection, Streptococcus pneumoniae has evolved three ABC transporters, PiaABC, PiuABC, and PitABC. Moreover, indirect evidence supports that operon 804 may be a novel ABC transporter in S. pneumoniae. We have recently described the identification of lipoprotein SPD_1609 in operon 804; however, whether the SPD_1609 protein affects the virulence of S. pneumoniae has not yet been studied. In the present work, alignment analysis showed that lipoprotein SPD_1609 is conserved in a variety of gram-positive bacteria, and deletion of the spd_1609 gene led to a reduction in adherence and invasion of S. pneumoniae to host cells. RT-qPCR assays indicated that deletion of the spd_1609 gene resulted in decreased expression of genes involved in colonization. Furthermore, decreased virulence in a mouse bacteremia infection model caused by the loss of the lipoprotein encoded by spd_1609 was also demonstrated. Overall, these data provide insights into the functional role of lipoprotein SPD_1609 in pneumococcal pathogenesis, suggesting its possibility to be developed as a novel S. pneumoniae vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Yang
- Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Wang D, Weng J, Wang W. An unconventional ligand‐binding mechanism of substrate‐binding proteins: MD simulation and Markov state model analysis of BtuF. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:1440-1448. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Multiscale Research Institute of Complex System Fudan University Shanghai 200438 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Multiscale Research Institute of Complex System Fudan University Shanghai 200438 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenning Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Multiscale Research Institute of Complex System Fudan University Shanghai 200438 People's Republic of China
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17
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Bartual SG, Alcorlo M, Martínez-Caballero S, Molina R, Hermoso JA. Three-dimensional structures of Lipoproteins from Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:692-704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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18
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Streptococcus pneumoniae two-component regulatory systems: The interplay of the pneumococcus with its environment. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:722-737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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19
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Brooks LRK, Mias GI. Streptococcus pneumoniae's Virulence and Host Immunity: Aging, Diagnostics, and Prevention. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1366. [PMID: 29988379 PMCID: PMC6023974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an infectious pathogen responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. Diseases caused by this bacterium are classified as pneumococcal diseases. This pathogen colonizes the nasopharynx of its host asymptomatically, but overtime can migrate to sterile tissues and organs and cause infections. Pneumonia is currently the most common pneumococcal disease. Pneumococcal pneumonia is a global health concern and vastly affects children under the age of five as well as the elderly and individuals with pre-existing health conditions. S. pneumoniae has a large selection of virulence factors that promote adherence, invasion of host tissues, and allows it to escape host immune defenses. A clear understanding of S. pneumoniae's virulence factors, host immune responses, and examining the current techniques available for diagnosis, treatment, and disease prevention will allow for better regulation of the pathogen and its diseases. In terms of disease prevention, other considerations must include the effects of age on responses to vaccines and vaccine efficacy. Ongoing work aims to improve on current vaccination paradigms by including the use of serotype-independent vaccines, such as protein and whole cell vaccines. Extending our knowledge of the biology of, and associated host immune response to S. pneumoniae is paramount for our improvement of pneumococcal disease diagnosis, treatment, and improvement of patient outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavida R. K. Brooks
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - George I. Mias
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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20
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Inhester T, Nittinger E, Sommer K, Schmidt P, Bietz S, Rarey M. NAOMInova: Interactive Geometric Analysis of Noncovalent Interactions in Macromolecular Structures. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:2132-2142. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Therese Inhester
- ZBH - Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Nittinger
- ZBH - Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Sommer
- ZBH - Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Schmidt
- ZBH - Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bietz
- ZBH - Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rarey
- ZBH - Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Turner AG, Ong CLY, Walker MJ, Djoko KY, McEwan AG. Transition Metal Homeostasis in Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Adv Microb Physiol 2017; 70:123-191. [PMID: 28528647 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trace metals such as Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu are essential for various biological functions including proper innate immune function. The host immune system has complicated and coordinated mechanisms in place to either starve and/or overload invading pathogens with various metals to combat the infection. Here, we discuss the roles of Fe, Mn and Zn in terms of nutritional immunity, and also the roles of Cu and Zn in metal overload in relation to the physiology and pathogenesis of two human streptococcal species, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. S. pneumoniae is a major human pathogen that is carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx by up to 70% of the population; however, transition to internal sites can cause a range of diseases such as pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis and bacteraemia. S. pyogenes is a human pathogen responsible for diseases ranging from pharyngitis and impetigo, to severe invasive infections. Both species have overlapping capacity with respect to metal acquisition, export and regulation and how metal homeostasis relates to their virulence and ability to invade and survive within the host. It is becoming more apparent that metals have an important role to play in the control of infection, and with further investigations, it could lead to the potential use of metals in novel antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Turner
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Cheryl-Lynn Y Ong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark J Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karrera Y Djoko
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alastair G McEwan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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22
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Zhang L, Li N, Cao K, Yang XY, Zeng G, Sun X, He QY. Crucial residue Trp158 of lipoprotein PiaA stabilizes the ferrichrome-PiaA complex in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 167:150-156. [PMID: 28341101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) has evolved a special mechanism such as pneumococcal iron acquisition ATP binding cassette (PiaABC) to take up siderophore-iron from its host. The cell-surface lipoprotein PiaA, a key component of PiaABC, is the primary receptor to bind ferrichrome (Fc). To study the structure-function relationship of PiaA, three conservative amino-acid residues, Trp63, Trp158 and Phe255, in the hydrophobic barrel of the metal binding site of PiaA, were individually and collectively mutated to alanine; and the resulted single-point mutants, W63A, W158A and F255A, and triple mutant W63A/W158A/F255A were characterized by using biochemical and biophysical methods. Experiments showed that wild-type PiaA (WT-PiaA) and the single-point mutant proteins bound Fc with a similar kinetics mode, but the reaction rate of W158A was lower than that for WT-PiaA. The binding affinity of W158A toward Fc was significantly weaker than that of the WT-PiaA-Fc (wild-type PiaA bound with Fc) interaction. Furthermore, the absence of Trp158 in the protein led to a significant impact on the secondary structure of PiaA, resulting in a labile conformational structure of W158A, with impaired resistance to thermal and chemical denaturation. Collectively, Trp158 is a crucial residue for binding Fc, playing an important role in stabilizing the PiaA-Fc complex. This study revealed the critical role of the conserved tryptophan residues in Fc-binding protein PiaA, and provided valuable information for understanding the Fc transport mechanism mediated by PiaA or its homologous proteins in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guandi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuesong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Qing-Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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23
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Manganese uptake and streptococcal virulence. Biometals 2015; 28:491-508. [PMID: 25652937 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcal solute-binding proteins (SBPs) associated with ATP-binding cassette transporters gained widespread attention first as ostensible adhesins, next as virulence determinants, and finally as metal ion transporters. In this mini-review, we will examine our current understanding of the cellular roles of these proteins, their contribution to metal ion homeostasis, and their crucial involvement in mediating streptococcal virulence. There are now more than 35 studies that have collected structural, biochemical and/or physiological data on the functions of SBPs across a broad range of bacteria. This offers a wealth of data to clarify the formerly puzzling and contentious findings regarding the metal specificity amongst this group of essential bacterial transporters. In particular we will focus on recent findings related to biological roles for manganese in streptococci. These advances will inform efforts aimed at exploiting the importance of manganese and manganese acquisition for the design of new approaches to combat serious streptococcal diseases.
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24
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Abstract
Gram-positive Streptococcus species are responsible for millions of cases of meningitis, bacterial pneumonia, endocarditis, erysipelas and necrotizing fasciitis. Iron is essential for the growth and survival of Streptococcus in the host environment. Streptococcus species have developed various mechanisms to uptake iron from an environment with limited available iron. Streptococcus can directly extract iron from host iron-containing proteins such as ferritin, transferrin, lactoferrin and hemoproteins, or indirectly by relying on the employment of specialized secreted hemophores (heme chelators) and small siderophore molecules (high affinity ferric chelators). This review presents the most recent discoveries in the iron acquisition system of Streptococcus species - the transporters as well as the regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiguang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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25
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Chemical interference with iron transport systems to suppress bacterial growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105953. [PMID: 25170896 PMCID: PMC4149436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for the growth of most bacteria. To obtain iron, bacteria have developed specific iron-transport systems located on the membrane surface to uptake iron and iron complexes such as ferrichrome. Interference with the iron-acquisition systems should be therefore an efficient strategy to suppress bacterial growth and infection. Based on the chemical similarity of iron and ruthenium, we used a Ru(II) complex R-825 to compete with ferrichrome for the ferrichrome-transport pathway in Streptococcus pneumoniae. R-825 inhibited the bacterial growth of S. pneumoniae and stimulated the expression of PiuA, the iron-binding protein in the ferrichrome-uptake system on the cell surface. R-825 treatment decreased the cellular content of iron, accompanying with the increase of Ru(II) level in the bacterium. When the piuA gene (SPD_0915) was deleted in the bacterium, the mutant strain became resistant to R-825 treatment, with decreased content of Ru(II). Addition of ferrichrome can rescue the bacterial growth that was suppressed by R-825. Fluorescence spectral quenching showed that R-825 can bind with PiuA in a similar pattern to the ferrichrome-PiuA interaction in vitro. These observations demonstrated that Ru(II) complex R-825 can compete with ferrichrome for the ferrichrome-transport system to enter S. pneumoniae, reduce the cellular iron supply, and thus suppress the bacterial growth. This finding suggests a novel antimicrobial approach by interfering with iron-uptake pathways, which is different from the mechanisms used by current antibiotics.
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26
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Honsa ES, Johnson MDL, Rosch JW. The roles of transition metals in the physiology and pathogenesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:92. [PMID: 24364001 PMCID: PMC3849628 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For bacterial pathogens whose sole environmental reservoir is the human host, the acquisition of essential nutrients, particularly transition metals, is a critical aspect of survival due to tight sequestration and limitation strategies deployed to curtail pathogen outgrowth. As such, these bacteria have developed diverse, specialized acquisition mechanisms to obtain these metals from the niches of the body in which they reside. To oppose the spread of infection, the human host has evolved multiple mechanisms to counter bacterial invasion, including sequestering essential metals away from bacteria and exposing bacteria to lethal concentrations of metals. Hence, to maintain homeostasis within the host, pathogens must be able to acquire necessary metals from host proteins and to export such metals when concentrations become detrimental. Furthermore, this acquisition and efflux equilibrium must occur in a tissue-specific manner because the concentration of metals varies greatly within the various microenvironments of the human body. In this review, we examine the functional roles of the metal import and export systems of the Gram-positive pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae in both signaling and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin S Honsa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael D L Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jason W Rosch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, TN, USA
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