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The prognostic signature based on glycolysis-immune related genes for acute myeloid leukemia patients. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152355. [PMID: 36868006 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is widely considered an immunoresponsive malignancy. However, potential association between glycolysis-immune related genes and AML patients' prognosis has been seldom studied. AML-related data was downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases. We grouped patients according to Glycolysis status, Immune Score and combination analysis, basing on which overlapped differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The Risk Score model was then established. The results showed that totally 142 overlapped genes were probably correlated with glycolysis-immunity in AML patients, among which 6 optimal genes were screened to construct Risk Score. High Risk Score was an independent poor prognostic factor for AML. In conclusion, we established a relatively reliable prognostic signature of AML based on glycolysis-immunity related genes, including METTL7B, HTR7, ITGAX, TNNI2, SIX3 and PURG.
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2
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Zhu S, Li W, Zhang H, Yan Y, Mei Q, Wu K. Retinal determination gene networks: from biological functions to therapeutic strategies. Biomark Res 2023; 11:18. [PMID: 36750914 PMCID: PMC9906957 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal determinant gene network (RDGN), originally discovered as a critical determinator in Drosophila eye specification, has become an important regulatory network in tumorigenesis and progression, as well as organogenesis. This network is not only associated with malignant biological behaviors of tumors, such as proliferation, and invasion, but also regulates the development of multiple mammalian organs. Three members of this conservative network have been extensively investigated, including DACH, SIX, and EYA. Dysregulated RDGN signaling is associated with the initiation and progression of tumors. In recent years, it has been found that the members of this network can be used as prognostic markers for cancer patients. Moreover, they are considered to be potential therapeutic targets for cancer. Here, we summarize the research progress of RDGN members from biological functions to signaling transduction, especially emphasizing their effects on tumors. Additionally, we discuss the roles of RDGN members in the development of organs and tissue as well as their correlations with the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease and coronary heart disease. By summarizing the roles of RDGN members in human diseases, we hope to promote future investigations into RDGN and provide potential therapeutic strategies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangli Zhu
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Wanling Li
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China ,grid.470966.aCancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032 China
| | - Hao Zhang
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yuheng Yan
- grid.412793.a0000 0004 1799 5032Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Qi Mei
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China. .,Cancer Center, Tongji hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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3
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SIX3 function in cancer: progression and comprehensive analysis. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1542-1549. [PMID: 35764712 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The homeobox gene family encodes transcription factors that are essential for cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation, and its dysfunction is linked to tumor initiation and progression. Sine oculis homeobox (SIX) belongs to the homeobox gene family, with SIX3 being a core member. Recent studies indicate that SXI3 functions as a cancer suppressor or promoter, which is mainly dependent on SIX3's influence on the signal pathways that promote or inhibit cancer in cells. The low expression of SIX3 in most malignant tumors was confirmed by detailed studies, which could promote the cell cycle, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. The recovery or upregulation of SIX3 expression to suppress cancer is closely related to the direct or indirect inhibition of the Wnt pathway. However, in some malignancies, such as esophageal cancer and gastric cancer, SIX3 is a tumor-promoting factor, and repressing SIX3 improves patients' prognosis. This review introduces the research progress of SIX3 in tumors and gives a comprehensive analysis, intending to explain why SIX3 plays different roles in different cancers and provide new cancer therapy strategies.
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4
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Bando H, Brinkmeier ML, Castinetti F, Fang Q, Lee MS, Saveanu A, Albarel F, Dupuis C, Brue T, Camper SA. Heterozygous variants in SIX3 and POU1F1 cause pituitary hormone deficiency in mouse and man. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 32:367-385. [PMID: 35951005 PMCID: PMC9851746 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypopituitarism is a genetically heterogeneous condition that is part of a spectrum disorder that can include holoprosencephaly. Heterozygous mutations in SIX3 cause variable holoprosencephaly in humans and mice. We identified two children with neonatal hypopituitarism and thin pituitary stalk who were doubly heterozygous for rare, likely deleterious variants in the transcription factors SIX3 and POU1F1. We used genetically engineered mice to understand the disease pathophysiology. Pou1f1 loss-of-function heterozygotes are unaffected; Six3 heterozygotes have pituitary gland dysmorphology and incompletely ossified palate; and the Six3+/-; Pou1f1+/dw double heterozygote mice have a pronounced phenotype, including pituitary growth through the palate. The interaction of Pou1f1 and Six3 in mice supports the possibility of digenic pituitary disease in children. Disruption of Six3 expression in the oral ectoderm completely ablated anterior pituitary development, and deletion of Six3 in the neural ectoderm blocked the development of the pituitary stalk and both anterior and posterior pituitary lobes. Six3 is required in both oral and neural ectodermal tissues for the activation of signaling pathways and transcription factors necessary for pituitary cell fate. These studies clarify the mechanism of SIX3 action in pituitary development and provide support for a digenic basis for hypopituitarism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frederic Castinetti
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital de la Conception, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’hypophyse HYPO, Marseille, France,Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Institut Marseille, Maladies Rares (MarMaRa), Marseille, France
| | - Qing Fang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mi-Sun Lee
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexandru Saveanu
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital de la Conception, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’hypophyse HYPO, Marseille, France,Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Institut Marseille, Maladies Rares (MarMaRa), Marseille, France
| | - Frédérique Albarel
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital de la Conception, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’hypophyse HYPO, Marseille, France,Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Institut Marseille, Maladies Rares (MarMaRa), Marseille, France
| | - Clémentine Dupuis
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble-Alpes, site Nord, Hôpital Couple Enfants, Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Brue
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital de la Conception, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l’hypophyse HYPO, Marseille, France,Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Institut Marseille, Maladies Rares (MarMaRa), Marseille, France
| | - Sally A Camper
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, 5704 Medical Science Building II, 1241 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Tel: +1-734-763-0682; Fax: +1-734-763-3784;
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5
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Wang C, Huang B, Sun L, Wang X, Zhou B, Tang H, Geng W. MK8722, an AMPK activator, inhibiting carcinoma proliferation, invasion and migration in human pancreatic cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112325. [PMID: 34656065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MK8722 is a potent and systemic pan-AMPK activator. It is an effective, direct, allosteric activator of AMPK complex in many mammals. This study tried to explore the underlying anti-cancer molecular mechanism of MK8722 in human pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs). METHODS The anti-proliferation, invasion and migration functions of MK8722 in human pancreatic cancer analyzed by real time cellular analysis, colony formation assay, cell migration assay, transwell assay and flow cytometery analysis. Moreover, the potential targeted signaling pathway was tested via RNA-seq and pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS In the present study, we investigated the anti-PCCs effects of MK8722 on two different human pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1 and Patu8988). The results showed that MK8722 significantly inhibited human tumor cells proliferation and migration/invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the influence of MK8722 was examined by analyzing the expression of potential key genes and pathways, which may provide novel insights to the mechanism of MK8722. CONCLUSION The inhibition of pancreatic cancer by MK8722 through a number of pathways that inhibit carcinoma proliferation, invasion and migration. The potential effect of MK8722 might be determined by regulating the expression of AL162151, IER2, REPIN1, KRT80 to inhibit cycle arrest and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baojun Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linxiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baofeng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongli Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wujun Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of perioperative medicine (NO. 2021HZSY0037).
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Long noncoding RNA DLGAP1-AS2 facilitates Wnt1 transcription through physically interacting with Six3 and drives the malignancy of gastric cancer. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:255. [PMID: 34545072 PMCID: PMC8452735 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) DLGAP1-AS2 has recently been characterized as an oncogenic lncRNA in several cancers. However, its biological roles and clinical significance in gastric cancer (GC) remains barely understood. In this study, we performed a systematic analysis of DLGAP1-AS2 expression with data from the TCGA and GEO database as well as our clinic GC samples. In agreement with previous studies, our findings demonstrated that DLGAP1-AS2 was significantly up-regulated in GC and its high expression was associated with poor prognosis, suggesting that DLGAP1-AS2 might be a putative oncogenic lncRNA of GC. Loss of DLGAP1-AS2 restricted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in GC cell lines. Mechanically, Wnt1 was identified as the downstream target of DLGAP1-AS2 by using bioinformatics analysis coupled with qPCR and Western blot assays. Furthermore, DLGAP1-AS2 was found to directly interact with the transcriptional repressor Six3, and this interaction hampered Six3 binding to the promoter regions of the Wnt1 gene, thereby leading to transcriptional activation of Wnt1. Consequently, GC cells lacking DLGAP1-AS2 showed a decreased Wnt1 expression and weakened Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Further, Six3 silencing could reverse the above effects, highlighting a pivotal role of Six3 in the DLGAP1-AS2-mediated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Either genetic (Wnt1 knockdown) or pharmacological (LF3) inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling could effectively abolish the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by Six3 depletion, thereby preventing GC cell malignant transformation. Taken together, our results suggest that DLGAP1-AS2 functions as an oncogenic factor by directly interacting with Six3 to relieve its suppression on Wnt1 expression, thereby driving the malignancy of GC. DLGAP1-AS2/Six3/Wnt1/β-catenin signaling axis might serve as a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for GC.
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7
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Meurer L, Ferdman L, Belcher B, Camarata T. The SIX Family of Transcription Factors: Common Themes Integrating Developmental and Cancer Biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:707854. [PMID: 34490256 PMCID: PMC8417317 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.707854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The sine oculis (SIX) family of transcription factors are key regulators of developmental processes during embryogenesis. Members of this family control gene expression to promote self-renewal of progenitor cell populations and govern mechanisms of cell differentiation. When the function of SIX genes becomes disrupted, distinct congenital defects develops both in animal models and humans. In addition to the embryonic setting, members of the SIX family have been found to be critical regulators of tumorigenesis, promoting cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. Research in both the fields of developmental biology and cancer research have provided an extensive understanding of SIX family transcription factor functions. Here we review recent progress in elucidating the role of SIX family genes in congenital disease as well as in the promotion of cancer. Common themes arise when comparing SIX transcription factor function during embryonic and cancer development. We highlight the complementary nature of these two fields and how knowledge in one area can open new aspects of experimentation in the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Meurer
- Department of Basic Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine at Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States
| | - Leonard Ferdman
- Department of Basic Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine at Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States
| | - Beau Belcher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States
| | - Troy Camarata
- Department of Basic Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine at Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States
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8
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Liu S, Tian Y, Zheng Y, Cheng Y, Zhang D, Jiang J, Li S. TRIM27 acts as an oncogene and regulates cell proliferation and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer through SIX3-β-catenin signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25564-25580. [PMID: 33264103 PMCID: PMC7803540 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays vital roles in diverse biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and insulin sensitivity. A recent study reported that the DNA-binding transcriptional factor SIX3 is essential during embryonic development in vertebrates and capable of downregulating target genes of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in lung cancer, indicating negative regulation of Wnt/β-catenin activation. However, regulation of the SIX3-Wnt/β-catenin pathway axis remains unknown. We measured the expression of TRIM27 and SIX3 as well as investigated whether there was a correlation between them in lung cancer tissue samples. Herein, we found that the E3 ubiquitin ligase, TRIM27, ubiquitinates, and degrades SIX3. TRIM27 induces non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell proliferation and metastasis, and the expression of β-catenin, S100P, TGFB3, and MMP-9 were significantly inhibited by SIX3. Furthermore, XAV939 is a selective β-catenin-mediated transcription inhibitor that inhibited TRIM27- and SIX3-mediated NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Clinically, lung tissue samples of cancer patients showed increased TRIM27 expression and decreased SIX3 expression. Taken together, these data demonstrate that TRIM27 acts as an oncogene regulating cell proliferation and metastasis in NSCLC through SIX3-β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Press, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yao Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Danjie Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Jiantao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Shaomin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
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Turcu DC, Lillehaug JR, Seo HC. SIX3 and SIX6 interact with GEMININ via C-terminal regions. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 20:100695. [PMID: 31844685 PMCID: PMC6895700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The histoarchitecture and function of eye and forebrain depend on a well-controlled balance between cell proliferation and differentiation. For example, the binding of the cell cycle regulator GEMININ to CDT1, which is a part of the pre-replication complex, promotes cell differentiation. Homeodomain transcription factors SIX3 and SIX6 also interact with GEMININ of which SIX3-GEMININ interaction promotes cell proliferation, whereas the nature of SIX6-GEMININ interaction has not been studied to date. We investigated SIX3/SIX6 and GEMININ interactions using bimolecular fluorescence complementation, surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry. Interactions between SIX3/SIX6 and GEMININ were detected in mammalian cells in culture. The presence of the C-terminal regions of SIX3 and SIX6 proteins, but not their SIX domains or homeodomains as previously thought, were required for interaction with GEMININ. Interestingly, the disordered C- and N- terminal regions of GEMININ were involved in binding to SIX3/SIX6. The coiled-coil region of GEMININ, which is the known protein-binding domain and also interacts with CDT1, was not involved in GEMININ-SIX3/SIX6 interaction. Using SPR and ITC, SIX3 bound GEMININ with a micromolar affinity and the binding stoichiometry was 1:2 (SIX3 - GEMININ). The present study gives new insights into the binding properties of SIX proteins, especially the role of their variable and disordered C-terminal regions. C-terminal regions of SIX3/SIX6 bind GEMININ. GEMININ coiled-coil region is not involved in SIX3/SIX6 interaction. C- and N-terminal regions of GEMININ bind SIX3/SIX6. SIX3 binds GEMININ with a binding stoichiometry of 1:2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Turcu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Johan R Lillehaug
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hee-Chan Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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10
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Huang W, Shi Y, Han B, Wang Q, Zhang B, Qi C, Liu F. miR-802 inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of glioblastoma multiforme cells by directly targeting SIX4. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 38:66-76. [PMID: 31702057 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that the sine oculis homeobox 4 (SIX4) expression is very relevant to the progression of multiple cancers. Moreover, we found that miR-802 could directly target the SIX4. However, the precise mechanism of miR-802 in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is still unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the roles of miR-802/SIX4 axis in GBM. Here, our results showed that the SIX4 expression was obviously increased in GBM tissues and cell lines, and the miR-802 level was distinctly decreased. What is more, the SIX4 expression was negatively related to the miR-802 level in GBM tissues. Furthermore, increased miR-802 level evidently restrained the proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of GBM cells. Next, we confirmed that miR-802 could directly target SIX4 by using luciferase reporter assay. Besides, the knockdown of SIX4 had the similar effects with miR-802 overexpression on GBM cells. The inhibitory effects of miR-802 mimic were partially blocked by SIX4 overexpression. Altogether, the overexpression of miR-802 restrained cell proliferation, invasion, and EMT of GBM cells via the regulation of SIX4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: An elevated expression of SIX4 has been observed in colorectal cancer and nonsmall cell lung cancer. However, the precise roles of SIX4 in GBM have not been elucidated. Our study for the first time demonstrated that SIX4 level was significantly upregulated in GBM. Additionally, the knockdown of SIX4 inhibited cell growth, invasion, and the EMT of GBM. Moreover, our data suggested a significant negative correlation between miR-802 and SIX4 expression in GBM. MiR-802 suppressed GBM cell proliferation, invasion, and EMT by directly targeting SIX4, which suggested important roles for miR-802/SIX4 axis in the GBM pathogenesis and its potential application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, JinTan People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Chunjian Qi
- Department of Central Lab, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
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11
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Du J. Upregulation of sine oculis homeobox homolog 3 is associated with proliferation, invasion, migration, as well as poor prognosis of esophageal cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 30:596-603. [PMID: 30672777 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common cancer worldwide. Sine oculis homeobox homolog (SIX3) is a human transcription factor that regulates the progression of vertebrate eye and fetal forebrain. However, studies on the function of SIX3 in human tumorigenesis remain rare. In this study, we aim to evaluate the role and the significance of SIX3 in EC. The TCGA database and clinical samples were used to assess the expression of SIX3 in EC patients. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's proportional hazards model were performed to analyze the correlations between SIX3 expression and EC clinical outcomes. The expressions of SIX3 in EC cells were measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis. The cell proliferation was detected using cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assay. The migration and invasion capacity of EC cells were evaluated using wound healing and Transwell methods. Western blot assay was used to measure the alterations in some important protein expression levels in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. We found that SIX3 was highly expressed in the EC tissues and cells. In addition, high expression of SIX3 was related to poor survival. The knockdown of SIX3 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ECA109 cells. A similar pattern was also found in the proliferation and migration of SKGT-4 cell line. The expression levels of some key proteins in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were obviously decreased after cells were transfected with si-SIX3, possibly resulting in PI3K/AKT signaling inactivation. In addition, E-cadherin and N-cadherin showed some change. Collectively, the results shed light on a potentially promoting role of SIX3 in human EC. Thus, SIX3 might be considered a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Du
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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12
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Wang R, Feng N, Wang Y, Gao S, Zhang F, Qian Y, Gao M, Yu H, Zhou B, Qian B. SNPs in LncRNA genes are associated with non-small cell lung cancer in a Chinese population. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22858. [PMID: 30980423 PMCID: PMC6528608 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has indicated that single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs) in the regions encoding non‐coding transcripts are associated with lung cancer susceptibility. In a previous microarray study, we identified 13 differentially expressed long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and associations of SNPs in these lncRNA genes with lung cancer were unknown. We conducted a case‐control study to address this issue. Methods Using the TaqMan method, we genotyped 17 SNPs located in the 13 lncRNA genes in 1294 cases with NSCLC and 1729 healthy controls. Unconditional logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to analyze the associations of these SNPs with NSCLC risk and patient survival, respectively. These analyses were also repeated in subgroups of cases and controls stratified by gender, age group, smoking status, disease stage, and histological type. Results We identified three SNPs associated with NSCLC risk. For SNP rs498238, CC genotype was associated with lower risk compared to TT genotype (adjusted OR = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.11‐0.97, P = 0.043). For rs16901995, CT/TT genotypes were associated with lower risk compared to CC genotype in non‐smokers (adjusted OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.62‐0.98, P = 0.035). Variant genotypes in rs219741 were associated with NSCLC risk in young patients, and the adjusted OR was 1.47 (95%CI: 1.03‐2.10, P = 0.033) when compared to the wild genotype. No SNPs were found to be associated with patient overall survival in the study. Conclusion The study suggests that some genetic polymorphisms in the lncRNA genes may influence the risk of NSCLC among Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyang Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Nannan Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Sumeng Gao
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Biyun Qian
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Kingsbury TJ, Kim M, Civin CI. Regulation of cancer stem cell properties by SIX1, a member of the PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH network. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 141:1-42. [PMID: 30691681 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH network (PSEDN) is a central developmental transcriptional regulatory network from Drosophila to humans. The PSEDN is comprised of four conserved protein families; including paired box (PAX), sine oculis (SIX), eyes absent (EYA), and dachshund (DACH). Aberrant expression of PSEDN members, particularly SIX1, has been observed in multiple human cancers, where SIX1 expression correlates with increased aggressiveness and poor prognosis. In conjunction with its transcriptional activator EYA, the SIX1 transcription factor increases cancer stem cell (CSC) numbers and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). SIX1 promotes multiple hallmarks and enabling characteristics of cancer via regulation of cell proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, genome stability, and energy metabolism. SIX1 also influences the tumor microenvironment, enhancing recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages and stimulating angiogenesis, to promote tumor development and progression. EYA proteins are multifunctional, possessing a transcriptional activation domain and tyrosine phosphatase activity, that each contributes to cancer stem cell properties. DACH proteins function as tumor suppressors in solid cancers, opposing the actions of SIX-EYA and reducing CSC prevalence. Multiple mechanisms can lead to increased SIX1 expression, including loss of SIX1-targeting tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRs), whose expression correlates inversely with SIX1 expression in cancer patient samples. In this review, we discuss the major mechanisms by which SIX1 confers CSC and EMT features and other important cancer cell characteristics. The roles of EYA and DACH in CSCs and cancer progression are briefly highlighted. Finally, we summarize the clinical significance of SIX1 in cancer to emphasize the potential therapeutic benefits of effective strategies to disrupt PSEDN protein interactions and functions.
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Elbere I, Silamikelis I, Ustinova M, Kalnina I, Zaharenko L, Peculis R, Konrade I, Ciuculete DM, Zhukovsky C, Gudra D, Radovica-Spalvina I, Fridmanis D, Pirags V, Schiöth HB, Klovins J. Significantly altered peripheral blood cell DNA methylation profile as a result of immediate effect of metformin use in healthy individuals. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:156. [PMID: 30545422 PMCID: PMC6293577 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin is a widely prescribed antihyperglycemic agent that has been also associated with multiple therapeutic effects in various diseases, including several types of malignancies. There is growing evidence regarding the contribution of the epigenetic mechanisms in reaching metformin's therapeutic goals; however, the effect of metformin on human cells in vivo is not comprehensively studied. The aim of our study was to examine metformin-induced alterations of DNA methylation profiles in white blood cells of healthy volunteers, employing a longitudinal study design. RESULTS Twelve healthy metformin-naïve individuals where enrolled in the study. Genome-wide DNA methylation pattern was estimated at baseline, 10 h and 7 days after the start of metformin administration. The whole-genome DNA methylation analysis in total revealed 125 differentially methylated CpGs, of which 11 CpGs and their associated genes with the most consistent changes in the DNA methylation profile were selected: POFUT2, CAMKK1, EML3, KIAA1614, UPF1, MUC4, LOC727982, SIX3, ADAM8, SNORD12B, VPS8, and several differentially methylated regions as novel potential epigenetic targets of metformin. The main functions of the majority of top-ranked differentially methylated loci and their representative cell signaling pathways were linked to the well-known metformin therapy targets: regulatory processes of energy homeostasis, inflammatory responses, tumorigenesis, and neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSIONS Here we demonstrate for the first time the immediate effect of short-term metformin administration at therapeutic doses on epigenetic regulation in human white blood cells. These findings suggest the DNA methylation process as one of the mechanisms involved in the action of metformin, thereby revealing novel targets and directions of the molecular mechanisms underlying the various beneficial effects of metformin. TRIAL REGISTRATION EU Clinical Trials Register, 2016-001092-74. Registered 23 March 2017, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2016-001092-74/LV .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Elbere
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Ivars Silamikelis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Monta Ustinova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Ineta Kalnina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Linda Zaharenko
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Raitis Peculis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Ilze Konrade
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, 2 Hipokrata Street, Riga, LV-1038, Latvia
| | - Diana Maria Ciuculete
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christina Zhukovsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dita Gudra
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Ilze Radovica-Spalvina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Davids Fridmanis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Valdis Pirags
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janis Klovins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia.
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Chen B. A novel long noncoding RNA lncWDR26 suppresses the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through interaction with SIX3. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:688-698. [PMID: 29736313 PMCID: PMC5934558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of some cancers. However, only a handful of lncRNAs have been functionally identified in HCC. In the present study, we identified a novel functional lncRNA in HCC, termed lncWDR26 (GenBank Accession no. RP11-365O16). Here, we reported that lncWDR26 was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues and cells. Moreover, decreased lncWDR26 expression correlates with larger tumor size, higher clinical stage, and tumor metastasis, and also predicts poor prognosis in patients with HCC. In HCC cells, overexpression of lncWDR26 inhibited growth and metastasis, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, lncWDR26 suppressed HCC growth and metastasis by inhibiting WDR26 transcription. Notably, lncWDR26 was associated with SIX homeobox 3 (SIX3), and this association was required for the repression of WDR26 transcription. Together, these results indicate that lncWDR26 is a tumor suppressor lncRNA that promotes tumor progression, leading us to propose that lncRNAs may serve as key regulatory hubs in HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Chen
- Department of Second General Surgery, Hebei Cangzhou Central Hospital Cangzhou 061000, Heibei Province, China
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16
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Zheng Y, Zeng Y, Qiu R, Liu R, Huang W, Hou Y, Wang S, Leng S, Feng D, Yang Y, Wang Y. The Homeotic Protein SIX3 Suppresses Carcinogenesis and Metastasis through Recruiting the LSD1/NuRD(MTA3) Complex. Theranostics 2018; 8:972-989. [PMID: 29463994 PMCID: PMC5817105 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeodomain transcription factor SIX3 was recently reported to be a negative regulator of the Wnt pathway and has an emerging role in cancer. However, how SIX3 contributes to tumorigenesis and metastasis is poorly understood. METHODS We employed affinity purification and mass spectrometry (MS) to identify the proteins physically associated with SIX3. Genome-wide analysis of the SIX3/LSD1/NuRD(MTA3) complex using a chromatin immunoprecipitation-on-chip approach identified a cohort of target genes including WNT1 and FOXC2, which are critically involved in cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Also, we used flow cytometry, growth curve analysis, EdU incorporation assay, colony formation assays, trans-well invasion assays, immunohistochemical staining and in vivo bioluminescence assay to investigate the function of SIX3 in tumorigenesis. RESULTS We demonstrate that the SIX3/LSD1/NuRD(MTA3) complex inhibits carcinogenesis in breast cancer cells and suppresses metastasis in breast cancer. SIX3 expression is downregulated in various human cancers and high SIX3 is correlated with improved prognosis. CONCLUSION Our study revealed an important mechanistic link between the loss of function of SIX3 and tumor progression, identified a molecular basis for the opposing actions of MTA1 and MTA3, and may provide new potential prognostic indicators and targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Rongfang Qiu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ruiqiong Liu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wei Huang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yongqiang Hou
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shuai Leng
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dandan Feng
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yang Yang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yan Wang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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17
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Zhang B, Shen C, Ge F, Ma T, Zhang Z. Epigenetically controlled Six3 expression regulates glioblastoma cell proliferation and invasion alongside modulating the activation levels of WNT pathway members. J Neurooncol 2017; 133:509-518. [PMID: 28643150 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. Six3 is a human homologue of the highly conserved sine oculis gene family and essential transcription regulatory factor in process of eye and fetal forebrain development. However, little is known about the role of Six3 in human tumorigenesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the methylation/expression of Six3 and reveal its function and action mechanism in glioma. Our results showed that Six3 was down-regulated in human glioma tissues and human glioma SHG-44, U251, SF126 and U373-MG cells compared with the normal tissues. And the down-regulation of Six3 was associated with the methylation of its promoter. Glioma U251 cells lacked endogenous Six3. Treatment with demethylating agent (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine) or exogenous expression of Six3 restored Six3 production and resulted in suppression of cell cycle G1/S transition, proliferation and invasion and down-regulation of the expression of Wnt1, p-GSK3-β, β-catenin and cyclin D1 in glioma U251 cells. However, knockdown of Six3 in SHG-44 cells, which have relative higher baseline level of Six3, resulted in an opposite action. These results demonstrate that Six3 silence or loss in glioma is induced by its promoter hypermethylation and Six3 down-regulation contributes to proliferation and invasion of glioma. And this process is involved in activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Six3 play a suppressor role in the initiation and progression of human glioma and potentially serve as a target for the diagnosis and treatment of human glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxin Zhang
- Armed Police Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chenfu Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fengyun Ge
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zuping Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha, 410013, China.
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18
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Yu Z, Sun Y, She X, Wang Z, Chen S, Deng Z, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Liu Q, Zhao C, Li P, Liu C, Feng J, Fu H, Li G, Wu M. SIX3, a tumor suppressor, inhibits astrocytoma tumorigenesis by transcriptional repression of AURKA/B. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:115. [PMID: 28595628 PMCID: PMC5465582 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SIX homeobox 3 (SIX3) is a member of the sine oculis homeobox transcription factor family. It plays a vital role in the nervous system development. Our previous study showed that the SIX3 gene is hypermethylated, and its expression is decreased in astrocytoma, but the role of SIX3 remains unknown. METHODS Chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assay were used to confirm the binding of SIX3 to the promoter regions of aurora kinase A (AURKA) and aurora kinase B (AURKB). Confocal imaging and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) were used to detect the interaction between AURKA and AURKB. Flow cytometry was performed to assess the effect of SIX3 on cell cycle distribution. Colony formation, EdU incorporation, transwell, and intracranial xenograft assays were performed to demonstrate the effect of SIX3 on the malignant phenotype of astrocytoma cells. RESULTS SIX3 is identified as a novel negative transcriptional regulator of AURKA and AURKB, and it decreases the expression of AURKA and AURKB in a dose-dependent manner in astrocytoma cells. Importantly, interactions between AURKA and AURKB stabilize and protect AURKA/B from degradation, and overexpression of SIX3 does not affect these interactions; SIX3 also acts as a tumor suppressor, and it increases p53 activity and expression at the post-translational level by the negative regulation of AURKA or AURKB, reduces the events of numerical centrosomal aberrations and misaligned chromosomes, and significantly inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis of astrocytoma in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, experiments using primary cultured astrocytoma cells indicate that astrocytoma patients with a low expression of SIX3 and mutant p53 are more sensitive to treatment with aurora kinase inhibitors. CONCLUSION SIX3 is a novel negative transcriptional regulator and acts as a tumor suppressor that directly represses the transcription of AURKA and AURKB in astrocytoma. For the first time, the functional interaction of AURKA and AURKB has been found, which aids in the protection of their stability, and partially explains their constant high expression and activity in cancers. SIX3 is a potential biomarker that could be used to predict the response of astrocytoma patients to aurora kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Yu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yingnan Sun
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling She
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zeyou Wang
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Chunhua Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Peiyao Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Changhong Liu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jianbo Feng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Haijuan Fu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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Li G, Hu F, Luo X, Hu J, Feng Y. SIX4 promotes metastasis via activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway in colorectal cancer. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3394. [PMID: 28584719 PMCID: PMC5452955 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies report aberrant expression of sine oculis homeobox (SIX) homolog family members during cancer development and progression. SIX4 participates in organ development, such as myogenesis and neurogenesis. However, the expression and clinical implication of SIX4 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Methods The SIX4 expression levels in colorectal patients were assessed in nine different human cancer arrays and compared using patient survival data. SIX4 expression was silenced in two cell culture lines for invasion and wound healing assessment. Finally, bioinformatics assessments ascertained the pathways impacted by SIX4. Results SIX4 was upregulated in The Cancer Genome Atlas CRC cohort and other gene expression omnibus (GEO) cohorts. In addition, SIX4 expression significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stages. Moreover, SIX4 overexpression was related to unfavorable prognosis in CRC patients. Silencing SIX4 inhibited CRC cell metastasis by surpressing AKT phosphorylation. Discussion SIX4 is upregulated in CRC and can be used as a prognosis biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fuqing Hu
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuelai Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junbo Hu
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongdong Feng
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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20
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Liu Q, Li A, Tian Y, Liu Y, Li T, Zhang C, Wu JD, Han X, Wu K. The expression profile and clinic significance of the SIX family in non-small cell lung cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:119. [PMID: 27821176 PMCID: PMC5100270 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SIX family homeobox genes have been demonstrated to be involved in the tumor initiation and progression, but their clinicopathological features and prognostic values in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been well defined. We analyzed relevant datasets and performed a systemic review and a meta-analysis to assess the profile of SIX family members in NSCLC and evaluate their importance as biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of NSCLC. METHODS This meta-analysis included 17 studies with 2358 patients. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated to represent the prognosis of NSCLC with expression of the SIX family genes. Heterogeneity of the ORs and HRs was assessed and quantified using the Cochrane Q and I 2 test. Begg's rank correlation method and Egger's weighted regression method were used to screen for potential publication bias. Bar graphs of representative datasets were plotted to show the correlation between the SIX expression and clinicopathological features of NSCLC. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to validate our prognostic analysis by pooled HR. RESULTS The systematic meta-analysis unveiled that the higher expressions of SIX1-5 were associated with the greater possibility of the tumorigenesis. SIX4 and SIX6 were linked to the lymph node metastasis (LNM). SIX2, SIX3, and SIX4 were correlated with higher TNM stages. Furthermore, the elevated expressions of SIX2, SIX4, and SIX6 predicted poor overall survival (OS) in NSCLC (SIX2: HR = 1.14, 95 % CI, 1.00-1.31; SIX4: HR = 1.39, 95 % CI, 1.16-1.66; SIX6: HR = 1.18, 95 % CI, 1.00-1.38) and poor relapse-free survival (RFS) in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) (SIX2: HR = 1.42, 95 % CI, 1.14-1.77; SIX4: HR = 1.52, 95 % CI, 1.09-2.11; SIX6: HR = 1.25, 95 % CI, 1.01-1.56). CONCLUSIONS Our report demonstrated that the SIX family members play distinct roles in the tumorigenesis of NSCLC and can be potential biomarkers in predicting prognosis of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Anping Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yijun Tian
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Geriatric, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatric, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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21
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Rodrigues MFSD, Esteves CM, Xavier FCA, Nunes FD. Methylation status of homeobox genes in common human cancers. Genomics 2016; 108:185-193. [PMID: 27826049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 300 homeobox loci were identified in the euchromatic regions of the human genome, of which 235 are probable functional genes and 65 are likely pseudogenes. Many of these genes play important roles in embryonic development and cell differentiation. Dysregulation of homeobox gene expression is a frequent occurrence in cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that as genetics disorders, epigenetic modifications alter the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes driving tumorigenesis and perhaps play a more central role in the evolution and progression of this disease. Here, we described the current knowledge regarding homeobox gene DNA methylation in human cancer and describe its relevance in the diagnosis, therapeutic response and prognosis of different types of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabio Daumas Nunes
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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22
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Park H, Niida A, Imoto S, Miyano S. Interaction-Based Feature Selection for Uncovering Cancer Driver Genes Through Copy Number-Driven Expression Level. J Comput Biol 2016; 24:138-152. [PMID: 27759426 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2016.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Driver gene selection is crucial to understand the heterogeneous system of cancer. To identity cancer driver genes, various statistical strategies have been proposed, especially the L1-type regularization methods have drawn a large amount of attention. However, the statistical approaches have been developed purely from algorithmic and statistical point, and the existing studies have applied the statistical approaches to genomic data analysis without consideration of biological knowledge. We consider a statistical strategy incorporating biological knowledge to identify cancer driver gene. The alterations of copy number have been considered to driver cancer pathogenesis processes, and the region of strong interaction of copy number alterations and expression levels was known as a tumor-related symptom. We incorporate the influence of copy number alterations on expression levels to cancer driver gene-selection processes. To quantify the dependence of copy number alterations on expression levels, we consider [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] effects of copy number alterations on expression levels of genes, and incorporate the symptom of tumor pathogenesis to gene-selection procedures. We then proposed an interaction-based feature-selection strategy based on the adaptive L1-type regularization and random lasso procedures. The proposed method imposes a large amount of penalty on genes corresponding to a low dependency of the two features, thus the coefficients of the genes are estimated to be small or exactly 0. It implies that the proposed method can provide biologically relevant results in cancer driver gene selection. Monte Carlo simulations and analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data show that the proposed strategy is effective for high-dimensional genomic data analysis. Furthermore, the proposed method provides reliable and biologically relevant results for cancer driver gene selection in TCGA data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon Park
- 1 Faculty of Global and Science Studies, Yamaguchi University , Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Atsushi Niida
- 2 Health Intelligence Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- 2 Health Intelligence Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- 3 Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Singchat W, Hitakomate E, Rerkarmnuaychoke B, Suntronpong A, Fu B, Bodhisuwan W, Peyachoknagul S, Yang F, Koontongkaew S, Srikulnath K. Genomic Alteration in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) Cell Lines Inferred from Karyotyping, Molecular Cytogenetics, and Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160901. [PMID: 27501229 PMCID: PMC4976893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic alteration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was studied in two cell line pairs (HN30-HN31 and HN4-HN12) using conventional C-banding, multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH), and array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). HN30 and HN4 were derived from primary lesions in the pharynx and base of tongue, respectively, and HN31 and HN12 were derived from lymph-node metastatic lesions belonging to the same patients. Gain of chromosome 1, 7, and 11 were shared in almost all cell lines. Hierarchical clustering revealed that HN31 was closely related to HN4, which shared eight chromosome alteration cases. Large C-positive heterochromatins were found in the centromeric region of chromosome 9 in HN31 and HN4, which suggests complex structural amplification of the repetitive sequence. Array CGH revealed amplification of 7p22.3p11.2, 8q11.23q12.1, and 14q32.33 in all cell lines involved with tumorigenesis and inflammation genes. The amplification of 2p21 (SIX3), 11p15.5 (H19), and 11q21q22.3 (MAML2, PGR, TRPC6, and MMP family) regions, and deletion of 9p23 (PTPRD) and 16q23.1 (WWOX) regions were identified in HN31 and HN12. Interestingly, partial loss of PTPRD (9p23) and WWOX (16q23.1) genes was identified in HN31 and HN12, and the level of gene expression tended to be the down-regulation of PTPRD, with no detectable expression of the WWOX gene. This suggests that the scarcity of PTPRD and WWOX genes might have played an important role in progression of HNSCC, and could be considered as a target for cancer therapy or a biomarker in molecular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worapong Singchat
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Ekarat Hitakomate
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasart University, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Budsaba Rerkarmnuaychoke
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Aorarat Suntronpong
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Beiyuan Fu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Winai Bodhisuwan
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Surin Peyachoknagul
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.,Center of Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University, Kasetsart University, Thailand (CASTNAR, NRU-KU, Thailand)
| | - Fengtang Yang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kornsorn Srikulnath
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.,Center of Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University, Kasetsart University, Thailand (CASTNAR, NRU-KU, Thailand)
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24
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Xu HX, Wu KJ, Tian YJ, Liu Q, Han N, He XL, Yuan X, Wu GS, Wu KM. Expression profile of SIX family members correlates with clinic-pathological features and prognosis of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4085. [PMID: 27399099 PMCID: PMC5058828 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sineoculis homeobox homolog (SIX) family proteins, including SIX1, SIX2, SIX3, SIX4, SIX5, and SIX6, have been implicated in the initiation and progression of breast cancer, but the role of each member in breast tumor is not fully understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between the mRNA levels of all 6 members and clinic-pathological characteristics and clinical outcome of breast cancer patients based on the PRISMA statement criteria.ArrayExpress and Oncomine were searched for eligible databases published up to December 10, 2015. The association between the mRNA expression of SIX family members and clinic-pathological features and prognosis was measured by the odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR), and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), respectively. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA software.In total, 20 published Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases with 3555 patients were analyzed. Our analysis revealed that patients with SIX1 overexpression had worse overall survival (OS) (HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03-1.58) and shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) (HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.05-1.56), and much worse prognosis for luminal breast cancer patients with SIX1 overexpression (OS: HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.13-2.39; RFS: HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.06-1.93). We found that patients with higher SIX2 level had shorter time to both relapse and metastasis. However, high SIX3 mRNA level was a protective factor for OS and RFS of basal-like breast cancer patients.Our study suggested that members of SIX family played distinct roles in breast cancer. Detailed analysis of the expression of the SIX family members might provide useful information to predict breast cancer progression and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xiao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Kong-Ju Wu
- Nursing School of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
| | - Yi-Jun Tian
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Na Han
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Xue-Lian He
- Clinical Research Center, Wuhan Medical and Healthcare Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Gen Sheng Wu
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Kong-Ming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei
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25
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Wang M, Xie R, Si H, Shen B. Integrated bioinformatics analysis of miRNA expression in osteosarcoma. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:936-943. [PMID: 27315542 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1196456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The expression of miRNA influencing the pathogenesis of OS have been reported previously, however, different samples selection and sequencing platforms made obvious differences in miRNA expression analysis. We aim to identify reliable prognostic and treatment biomarkers for OS by systematic analysis of miRNAs expression data sets from biased data set. Seven miRNA data sets were selected from corresponding articles. Collectively, two miRNAs, hsa-miR-19-3p and hsa-miR106b-3p, and transcription factor SIX3 were identified and may be reliable markers for prognostic and treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyuan Wang
- a West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Ruilian Xie
- b Department of Medical Oncology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College , Ganzhou , China
| | - Haibo Si
- c Department of Orthopaedics , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Bin Shen
- c Department of Orthopaedics , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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26
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Powrózek T, Krawczyk P, Kowalski DM, Winiarczyk K, Olszyna-Serementa M, Milanowski J. Plasma circulating microRNA-944 and microRNA-3662 as potential histologic type-specific early lung cancer biomarkers. Transl Res 2015; 166:315-23. [PMID: 26079400 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is associated with the development and invasion of cancers by regulating post-transcriptionally gene function. Possibility of detection of miRNA expression in patients' plasma or serum makes them valuable biomarkers of different neoplasms. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of miR-944 and miR-3662 expression analysis as novel lung cancer biomarkers and their lung tumor specificity in plasma samples of 90 patients with lung cancer and 85 healthy individuals using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Expression of miR-944 and miR-3662 was upregulated in patients with lung cancer in comparison with healthy individuals. Receiver operating curve analysis has presented diagnostic power of analysis of both miRNA expressions for detection of patients with I and II stages of non-small cell lung cancer with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.881. Moreover, miR-944 has shown diagnostic accuracy for operable squamous cell carcinoma detection (AUC = 0.982), whereas miR-3662 has shown the diagnostic accuracy for operable adenocarcinoma (AUC = 0.926). Higher stage of lung cancer correlated with higher miRNA expressions. Our results suggest that the profile of studied miRNAs could be further evaluated and considered as potential lung cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Powrózek
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz M Kowalski
- Department of Lung and Chest Tumors Oncology Centre - Institute M. Sklodowska-Curie in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Winiarczyk
- Department of Lung and Chest Tumors Oncology Centre - Institute M. Sklodowska-Curie in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Olszyna-Serementa
- Department of Lung and Chest Tumors Oncology Centre - Institute M. Sklodowska-Curie in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Milanowski
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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27
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Rager JE, Tilley SK, Tulenko SE, Smeester L, Ray PD, Yosim A, Currier JM, Ishida MC, González-Horta MDC, Sánchez-Ramírez B, Ballinas-Casarrubias L, Gutiérrez-Torres DS, Drobná Z, Del Razo LM, García-Vargas GG, Kim WY, Zhou YH, Wright FA, Stýblo M, Fry RC. Identification of novel gene targets and putative regulators of arsenic-associated DNA methylation in human urothelial cells and bladder cancer. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1144-55. [PMID: 26039340 DOI: 10.1021/tx500393y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is strong epidemiologic evidence linking chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) to myriad adverse health effects, including cancer of the bladder. We set out to identify DNA methylation patterns associated with arsenic and its metabolites in exfoliated urothelial cells (EUCs) that originate primarily from the urinary bladder, one of the targets of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. Genome-wide, gene-specific promoter DNA methylation levels were assessed in EUCs from 46 residents of Chihuahua, Mexico, and the relationship was examined between promoter methylation profiles and the intracellular concentrations of total arsenic and arsenic species. A set of 49 differentially methylated genes was identified with increased promoter methylation associated with EUC tAs, iAs, and/or monomethylated As (MMAs) enriched for their roles in metabolic disease and cancer. Notably, no genes had differential methylation associated with EUC dimethylated As (DMAs), suggesting that DMAs may influence DNA methylation-mediated urothelial cell responses to a lesser extent than iAs or MMAs. Further analysis showed that 22 of the 49 arsenic-associated genes (45%) are also differentially methylated in bladder cancer tissue identified using The Cancer Genome Atlas repository. Both the arsenic- and cancer-associated genes are enriched for the binding sites of common transcription factors known to play roles in carcinogenesis, demonstrating a novel potential mechanistic link between iAs exposure and bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Rager
- †Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Sloane K Tilley
- †Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Samantha E Tulenko
- †Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Lisa Smeester
- †Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Paul D Ray
- †Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States.,‡Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew Yosim
- †Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Jenna M Currier
- ‡Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - María C Ishida
- §Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, México
| | | | - Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez
- §Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, México
| | | | | | - Zuzana Drobná
- ∥Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Luz M Del Razo
- ⊥Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, DF 07360, México
| | - Gonzalo G García-Vargas
- #Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango 34000, México
| | - William Y Kim
- ○Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | | | | | - Miroslav Stýblo
- ‡Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,∥Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- †Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States.,‡Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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