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Yoshida N, Kikuchi H, Hirai M, Balikagala B, Anywar DA, Taka H, Kaga N, Miura Y, Fukuda N, Odongo-Aginya EI, Kubohara Y, Mita T. A longer-chain acylated derivative of Dictyostelium differentiation-inducing factor-1 enhances the antimalarial activity against Plasmodium parasites. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116243. [PMID: 38697310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The spread of malarial parasites resistant to first-line treatments such as artemisinin combination therapies is a global health concern. Differentiation-inducing factor 1 (DIF-1) is a chlorinated alkylphenone (1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) hexan-1-one) originally found in the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. We previously showed that some derivatives of DIF-1, particularly DIF-1(+2) (1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) octan-1-one), exert potent antimalarial activities. In this study, we synthesised DIF-1(+3) (1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) nonan-1-one). We then evaluated the effects of DIF-1(+3) in vitro on Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo over 7 days (50-100 mg/kg/day) in a mouse model of Plasmodium berghei. DIF-1(+3) exhibited a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of approximately 20-30 % of DIF-1(+2) in three laboratory strains with a selectivity index > 263, including in strains resistant to chloroquine and artemisinin. Parasite growth and multiplication were almost completely suppressed by treatment with 100 mg/kg DIF-1(+3). The survival time of infected mice was significantly increased (P = 0.006) with no apparent adverse effects. In summary, addition of an acyl group to DIF-1(+2) to prepare DIF-1(+3) substantially enhanced antimalarial activity, even in drug-resistant malaria, indicating the potential of applying DIF-1(+3) for malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Yoshida
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Kikuchi
- Division of Natural Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirai
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Betty Balikagala
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Denis A Anywar
- Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Hikari Taka
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaga
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miura
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Fukuda
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | | | - Yuzuru Kubohara
- Laboratory of Health and Life Science, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Mita
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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Kubohara Y, Fukunaga Y, Kikuchi H, Kuwayama H. Pharmacological Evidence That Dictyostelium Differentiation-Inducing Factor 1 Promotes Glucose Uptake Partly via an Increase in Intracellular cAMP Content in Mouse 3T3-L1 Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:7926. [PMID: 38067655 PMCID: PMC10708055 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation-inducing factor 1 (DIF-1) isolated from the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum can inhibit mammalian calmodulin-dependent cAMP/cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE1) in vitro. DIF-1 also promotes glucose uptake, at least in part, via a mitochondria- and AMPK-dependent pathway in mouse 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells, but the mechanism underlying this effect has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of DIF-1 on intracellular cAMP and cGMP levels, as well as the effects that DIF-1 and several compounds that increase cAMP and cGMP levels have on glucose uptake in confluent 3T3-L1 cells. DIF-1 at 20 μM (a concentration that promotes glucose uptake) increased the level of intracellular cAMP by about 20% but did not affect the level of intracellular cGMP. Neither the PDE1 inhibitor 8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine at 10-200 μM nor the broad-range PDE inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine at 40-400 μM had any marked effects on glucose uptake. The membrane-permeable cAMP analog 8-bromo-cAMP at 200-1000 μM significantly promoted glucose uptake (by 20-25%), whereas the membrane-permeable cGMP analog 8-bromo-cGMP at 3-100 μM did not affect glucose uptake. The adenylate cyclase activator forskolin at 1-10 μM promoted glucose uptake by 20-30%. Thus, DIF-1 may promote glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 cells, at least in part, via an increase in intracellular cAMP level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Kubohara
- Laboratory of Health and Life Science, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai 270-1695, Japan
| | - Yuko Fukunaga
- Department of Animal Risk Management, Faculty of Risk and Crisis Management, Chiba Institute of Science, Choshi 288-0025, Japan;
| | - Haruhisa Kikuchi
- Division of Natural Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan;
| | - Hidekazu Kuwayama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
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HIRAYAMA AIRI, ISHIGAKI HIROTAKA, TAKAHASHI KATSUNORI, MIURA YUSUKE, KIKUCHI HARUHISA, KUBOHARA YUZURU. Dictyostelium Differentiation-inducing Factor Derivatives Reduce the Glycosylation of PD-L1 in MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells. JUNTENDO IJI ZASSHI = JUNTENDO MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023; 69:105-115. [PMID: 38854456 PMCID: PMC11153063 DOI: 10.14789/jmj.jmj22-0039-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a metastatic and intractable cancer with limited treatment options. Refractory cancer cells often express the immune checkpoint molecules programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2, which inhibit the anticancer effects of T cells. Differentiation-inducing factors, originally found in Dictyostelium discoideum, and their derivatives possess strong antiproliferative activity, at least in part by reducing cyclin D1 expression in various cancer cells, but their effects on PD-L1/PD-L2 have not been examined. In this study, we investigate the effects of six DIF compounds (DIFs) on the expression of PD-L1/PD-L2 and cyclin D1/D3 in MDA-MB-231 cells, a model TNBC cell line. Methods MDA-MB-231 cells were incubated for 5 or 15 h with or without DIFs, and the mRNA expression of cyclin D1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Whereas, MDA-MD-231 cells were incubated for 12 or 24 h with or without DIFs, and the protein expression of cyclins D1 and D3, PD-L1, and PD-L2 were assessed by Western blotting. Results As expected, some DIFs strongly reduced cyclin D1/D3 protein expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. Contrary to our expectation, DIFs had little effect on PD-L1 mRNA expression or increased it transiently. However, some DIFs partially reduced glycosylated PD-L1 and increased non-glycosylated PD-L1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. The level of PD-L2 was very low in these cells. Conclusions Since PD-L1 glycosylation plays an important role in preventing T cells from attacking cancer cells, such DIFs may promote T cell attack on cancer cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - YUZURU KUBOHARA
- Corresponding author: Yuzuru Kubohara, Laboratory of Health and Life Science, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai City, Chiba 270-1695, Japan, TEL: +81-476-98-1001 FAX: +81-476-98-1011 E-mail:
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Kubohara Y, Homma Y, Shibata H, Oshima Y, Kikuchi H. Dictyostelium Differentiation-Inducing Factor-1 Promotes Glucose Uptake, at Least in Part, via an AMPK-Dependent Pathway in Mouse 3T3-L1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2293. [PMID: 33669058 PMCID: PMC7956221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1) is a chlorinated alkylphenone (a polyketide) found in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. DIF-1 and its derivative, DIF-1(3M) promote glucose consumption in vitro in mammalian cells and in vivo in diabetic rats; they are expected to be the leading antiobesity and antidiabetes compounds. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the actions of DIF-1 and DIF-1(3M). In isolated mouse liver mitochondria, these compounds at 2-20 μM promoted oxygen consumption in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that they act as mitochondrial uncouplers, whereas CP-DIF-1 (another derivative of DIF-1) at 10-20 μM had no effect. In confluent mouse 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, DIF-1 and DIF-1(3M) but not CP-DIF-1 induced phosphorylation (and therefore activation) of AMP kinase (AMPK) and promoted glucose consumption and metabolism. The DIF-induced glucose consumption was reduced by compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) or AMPK knock down. These data suggest that DIF-1 and DIF-1(3M) promote glucose uptake, at least in part, via an AMPK-dependent pathway in 3T3-L1 cells, whereas cellular metabolome analysis revealed that DIF-1 and DIF-1(3M) may act differently at least in part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Kubohara
- Laboratory of Health and Life Science, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Homma
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Shibata
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan;
| | - Yoshiteru Oshima
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (Y.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Haruhisa Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (Y.O.); (H.K.)
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Ogura M, Endo K, Suzuki T, Homma Y. Prenylated quinolinecarboxylic acid compound-18 prevents sensory nerve fiber outgrowth through inhibition of the interleukin-31 pathway. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246630. [PMID: 33539470 PMCID: PMC7861556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-31 (IL-31) is involved in excessive development of cutaneous sensory nerves in atopic dermatitis (AD), leading to severe pruritus. We previously reported that PQA-18, a prenylated quinolinecarboxylic acid (PQA) derivative, is an immunosuppressant with inhibition of p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) and improves skin lesions in Nc/Nga mice as an AD model. In the present study, we investigate the effect of PQA-18 on sensory nerves in lesional skin. PQA-18 alleviates cutaneous nerve fiber density in the skin of Nc/Nga mice. PQA-18 also inhibits IL-31-induced sensory nerve fiber outgrowth in dorsal root ganglion cultures. Signaling analysis reveals that PQA-18 suppresses phosphorylation of PAK2, Janus kinase 2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), activated by IL-31 receptor (IL-31R), resulting in inhibition of neurite outgrowth in Neuro2A cells. Gene silencing analysis for PAK2 confirms the requirement for STAT3 phosphorylation and neurite outgrowth elicited by IL-31R activation. LC/MS/MS analysis reveals that PQA-18 prevents the formation of PAK2 activation complexes induced by IL-31R activation. These results suggest that PQA-18 inhibits the IL-31 pathway through suppressing PAK2 activity, which suppresses sensory nerve outgrowth. PQA-18 may be a valuable lead for the development of a novel drug for pruritus of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ogura
- Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kumiko Endo
- Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Suzuki
- Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Homma
- Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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Sasaki H, Kubohara Y, Ishigaki H, Takahashi K, Eguchi H, Sugawara A, Oshima Y, Kikuchi H. Two New Terpenes Isolated from Dictyostelium Cellular Slime Molds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122895. [PMID: 32585998 PMCID: PMC7356884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a protoilludane-type sesquiterpene, mucoroidiol, and a geranylated bicyclogermacranol, firmibasiol, isolated from Dictyostelium cellular slime molds. The methanol extracts of the fruiting bodies of cellular slime molds were separated by chromatographic methods to give these compounds. Their structures have been established by several spectral means. Mucoroidiol and firmibasiol are the first examples of more modified and oxidized terpenoids isolated from cellular slime molds. Mucoroidiol showed moderate osteoclast-differentiation inhibitory activity despite demonstrating very weak cell-proliferation inhibitory activity. Therefore, cellular slime molds produce considerably diverse secondary metabolites, and they are promising sources of new natural product chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (H.S.); (H.E.); (A.S.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yuzuru Kubohara
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiraga-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan;
| | - Hirotaka Ishigaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki 370-0006, Japan; (H.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Katsunori Takahashi
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki 370-0006, Japan; (H.I.); (K.T.)
| | - Hiromi Eguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (H.S.); (H.E.); (A.S.); (Y.O.)
| | - Akihiro Sugawara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (H.S.); (H.E.); (A.S.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yoshiteru Oshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (H.S.); (H.E.); (A.S.); (Y.O.)
| | - Haruhisa Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; (H.S.); (H.E.); (A.S.); (Y.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-795-6824
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Tetsuo F, Arioka M, Miura K, Kai M, Kubo M, Igawa K, Tomooka K, Takahashi-Yanaga F, Nishimura F, Sasaguri T. Differentiation-inducing factor-1 suppresses cyclin D1-induced cell proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells by inhibiting S6K-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 synthesis. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3761-3772. [PMID: 31553107 PMCID: PMC6890445 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1) has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of various mammalian cells by unknown means, although some possible mechanisms of its action have been proposed, including the activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). Here, we report an alternative mechanism underlying the action of DIF-1 in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, on which the effects of DIF-1 have not been examined previously. Intragastric administration of DIF-1 reduced the tumor growth from MCF-7 cells injected into a mammary fat pad of nude mice, without causing adverse effects. In cultured MCF-7, DIF-1 arrested the cell cycle in G0 /G1 phase and suppressed cyclin D1 expression, consistent with our previous results obtained in other cell species. However, DIF-1 did not inhibit the phosphorylation of GSK-3. Investigating an alternative mechanism for the reduction of cyclin D1, we found that DIF-1 reduced the protein levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 suppressed cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation and the overexpression of STAT3 enhanced cyclin D1 expression and accelerated proliferation. Differentiation-inducing factor-1 did not reduce STAT3 mRNA or reduce STAT3 protein in the presence of cycloheximide, suggesting that DIF-1 inhibited STAT3 protein synthesis. Seeking its mechanism, we revealed that DIF-1 inhibited the activation of 70 kDa and/or 85 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K /p85S6K ). Inhibition of p70S6K /p85S6K by rapamycin also reduced the expressions of STAT3 and cyclin D1. Therefore, DIF-1 suppresses MCF-7 proliferation by inhibiting p70S6K /p85S6K activity and STAT3 protein synthesis followed by reduction of cyclin D1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Tetsuo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Arioka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Miura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Misato Kai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Momoko Kubo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Igawa
- Department of Molecular and Materials Science, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tomooka
- Department of Molecular and Materials Science, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan
| | - Fumi Takahashi-Yanaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sasaguri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Halogen-Substituted Derivatives of Dictyostelium Differentiation-Inducing Factor-1 Suppress Serum-Induced Cell Migration of Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells in Vitro. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070256. [PMID: 31261818 PMCID: PMC6681295 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly proliferative and metastatic, and because it lacks three major molecular targets for chemotherapy (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal receptor 2), it is extremely refractory. Differentiation-inducing factor 1 (DIF-1) and DIF-3, which are chlorinated alkylphenones, are lead anticancer compounds found in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Here, we examined the in vitro effects of DIF-1, DIF-3, and 25 DIF derivatives on cell proliferation and serum-induced cell migration in human MDA-MB-231 cells, a model TNBC cell line. We found that Br-DIF-1, a chlorine-to-bromine-substituted derivative of DIF-1, strongly suppressed cell migration (IC50, 3.8 μM) with negligible effects on cell proliferation (IC50, >20 μM). We then synthesized 18 derivatives of Br-DIF-1 and examined the in vitro effects of these derivatives on cell proliferation and serum-induced cell migration in MDA-MB-231 cells. Among the derivatives, Br-DIF-1(+1), Br-DIF-1(+2), and Br-DIF-3(+2) exhibited strong anti-cell migration activities with IC50 values of 1.5, 1.0, and 3.1 μM, respectively, without affecting cell proliferation (IC50, >20 μM). These results suggest that these Br-DIF derivatives are good lead compounds for the development of anti-metastatic drugs against TNBC.
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Antimicrobial Activities of Dictyostelium Differentiation-Inducing Factors and Their Derivatives. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9050163. [PMID: 31035614 PMCID: PMC6571789 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
At the end of its life cycle, the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum forms a fruiting body consisting of spores and a multicellular stalk. Originally, the chlorinated alkylphenone differentiation-inducing factors (DIFs) -1 and -3 were isolated as stalk cell inducers in D. discoideum. Later, DIFs and their derivatives were shown to possess several biologic activities including antitumor and anti-Trypanosoma properties. In this study, we examined the antibacterial activities of approximately 30 DIF derivatives by using several bacterial species. Several of the DIF derivatives strongly suppressed the growth of the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the sub-micromolar to low-micromolar range. In contrast, none of the DIF derivatives evaluated had any noteworthy effect on the growth of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (MIC, >100 µM). Most importantly, several of the DIF derivatives strongly inhibited the growth of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that treatment with DIF derivatives led to the formation of distinct multilayered structures consisting of cell wall or plasma membrane in S. aureus. The present results suggest that DIF derivatives are good lead compounds for developing novel antimicrobials.
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Kubohara Y, Kikuchi H. Dictyostelium: An Important Source of Structural and Functional Diversity in Drug Discovery. Cells 2018; 8:E6. [PMID: 30583484 PMCID: PMC6356392 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is an excellent model organism for the study of cell and developmental biology because of its simple life cycle and ease of use. Recent findings suggest that Dictyostelium and possibly other genera of cellular slime molds, are potential sources of novel lead compounds for pharmacological and medical research. In this review, we present supporting evidence that cellular slime molds are an untapped source of lead compounds by examining the discovery and functions of polyketide differentiation-inducing factor-1, a compound that was originally isolated as an inducer of stalk-cell differentiation in D. discoideum and, together with its derivatives, is now a promising lead compound for drug discovery in several areas. We also review other novel compounds, including secondary metabolites, that have been isolated from cellular slime molds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Kubohara
- Laboratory of Health and Life Science, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan.
| | - Haruhisa Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Takahashi K, Kikuchi H, Nguyen VH, Oshima Y, Ishigaki H, Nakajima-Shimada J, Kubohara Y. Biological Activities of Novel Derivatives of Differentiation-Inducing Factor 3 from Dictyostelium discoideum. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 40:1941-1947. [PMID: 29093342 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation-inducing factor-3 (DIF-3; 1-(3-chloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one), which is found in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, is a potential candidate compound for the development of new medicines; DIF-3 and its derivatives possess several beneficial biological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi, and immunoregulatory effects. To assess the relationship between the biological activities of DIF-3 and its chemical structure, particularly in regard to its alkoxy group and the length of the alkyl chains at the acyl group, we synthesized two derivatives of DIF-3, 1-(3-chloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)octan-1-one (DIF-3(+3)) and 1-(3-chloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-butoxyphenyl)-hexan-1-one (Hex-DIF-3), and investigated their biological activities in vitro. At micro-molar levels, DIF-3(+3) and Hex-DIF-3 exhibited strong anti-proliferative effects in tumor cell cultures, but their anti-T. cruzi activities at 1 µM in vitro were not as strong as those of other known DIF derivatives. In addition, Hex-DIF-3 at 5 µM significantly suppressed mitogen-induced interleukin-2 production in vitro in Jurkat T cells. These results suggest that DIF-3(+3) and Hex-DIF-3 are promising leads for the development of anti-cancer and immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Takahashi
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Gunma Paz College
| | - Haruhisa Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Van Hai Nguyen
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Yoshiteru Oshima
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Hirotaka Ishigaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Gunma Paz College
| | - Junko Nakajima-Shimada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University
| | - Yuzuru Kubohara
- Laboratory of Health and Life Science, Graduate School of Heath and Sports Science, Juntendo University
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12
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Paliwal S, Chaudhuri R, Agrawal A, Mohanty S. Regenerative abilities of mesenchymal stem cells through mitochondrial transfer. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:31. [PMID: 29602309 PMCID: PMC5877369 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed an upsurge in studies demonstrating mitochondrial transfer as one of the emerging mechanisms through which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can regenerate and repair damaged cells or tissues. It has been found to play a critical role in healing several diseases related to brain injury, cardiac myopathies, muscle sepsis, lung disorders and acute respiratory disorders. Several studies have shown that various mechanisms are involved in mitochondrial transfer that includes tunnel tube formation, micro vesicle formation, gap junctions, cell fusion and others modes of transfer. Few studies have investigated the mechanisms that contribute to mitochondrial transfer, primarily comprising of signaling pathways involved in tunnel tube formation that facilitates tunnel tube formation for movement of mitochondria from one cell to another. Various stress signals such as release of damaged mitochondria, mtDNA and mitochondrial products along with elevated reactive oxygen species levels trigger the transfer of mitochondria from MSCs to recipient cells. However, extensive cell signaling pathways that lead to mitochondrial transfer from healthy cells are still under investigation and the changes that contribute to restoration of mitochondrial bioenergetics in recipient cells remain largely elusive. In this review, we have discussed the phenomenon of mitochondrial transfer from MSCs to neighboring stressed cells, and how this aids in cellular repair and regeneration of different organs such as lung, heart, eye, brain and kidney. The potential scope of mitochondrial transfer in providing novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of various pathophysiological conditions has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Paliwal
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Rituparna Chaudhuri
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- Molecular Immunogenetics Laboratory and Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma & Lung disease, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, DBT Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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13
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Dubois A, Ginet C, Furstoss N, Belaid A, Hamouda MA, El Manaa W, Cluzeau T, Marchetti S, Ricci JE, Jacquel A, Luciano F, Driowya M, Benhida R, Auberger P, Robert G. Differentiation inducing factor 3 mediates its anti-leukemic effect through ROS-dependent DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission and induction of caspase-independent cell death. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26120-36. [PMID: 27027430 PMCID: PMC5041969 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation-inducing factor (DIF) defines a group of chlorinated hexaphenones that orchestrate stalk-cell differentiation in the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum (DD). DIF-1 and 3 have also been reported to have tumor inhibiting properties; however, the mechanisms that underlie the effects of these compounds remain poorly defined. Herein, we show that DIF-3 rapidly triggers Ca2+ release and a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in the absence of cytochrome c and Smac release and without caspase activation. Consistently with these findings, we also detected no evidence of apoptosis in cells treated with DIF-3 but instead found that this compound induced autophagy. In addition, DIF-3 promoted mitochondrial fission in K562 and HeLa cells, as assessed by electron and confocal microscopy analysis. Importantly, DIF-3 mediated the phosphorylation and redistribution of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) from the cytoplasmic to the microsomal fraction of K562 cells. Pharmacological inhibition or siRNA silencing of DRP1 not only inhibited mitochondrial fission but also protected K562 cells from DIF-3-mediated cell death. Furthermore, DIF-3 potently inhibited the growth of imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant K562 cells. It also inhibited tumor formation in athymic mice engrafted with an imatinib-resistant CML cell line. Finally, DIF-3 exhibited a clear selectivity toward CD34+ leukemic cells from CML patients, compared with CD34− cells. In conclusion, we show that the potent anti-leukemic effect of DIF-3 is mediated through the induction of mitochondrial fission and caspase-independent cell death. Our findings may have important therapeutic implications, especially in the treatment of tumors that exhibit defects in apoptosis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Dubois
- INSERM U1065 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France.,Team 2: Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Paris, France.,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Clemence Ginet
- INSERM U1065 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France.,Team 2: Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Paris, France.,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Nathan Furstoss
- INSERM U1065 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France.,Team 2: Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Paris, France.,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Amine Belaid
- INSERM U1065 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France.,Team 2: Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer, Nice, France.,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Hamouda
- INSERM U1065 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France.,Team 2: Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Paris, France.,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Wedjene El Manaa
- INSERM U1065 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France.,Team 2: Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Paris, France.,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Thomas Cluzeau
- INSERM U1065 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France.,Team 2: Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Paris, France.,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), UMR 7272, Nice, France.,CHU de Nice, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Nice, France
| | - Sandrine Marchetti
- INSERM U1065 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France.,Team 2: Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Paris, France.,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Jean Ehrland Ricci
- INSERM U1065 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France.,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,Team 3: Regulation of Caspase Dependent and Independent Cell Death, Nice, France
| | - Arnaud Jacquel
- INSERM U1065 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France.,Team 2: Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Paris, France.,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Frederic Luciano
- INSERM U1065 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France.,Team 2: Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Paris, France.,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Mohsine Driowya
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), UMR 7272, Nice, France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), UMR 7272, Nice, France
| | - Patrick Auberger
- INSERM U1065 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France.,Team 2: Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Paris, France.,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,CHU de Nice, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Nice, France
| | - Guillaume Robert
- INSERM U1065 Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France.,Team 2: Cell Death, Differentiation, Inflammation and Cancer, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Paris, France.,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
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14
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Kikuchi H, Ito I, Takahashi K, Ishigaki H, Iizumi K, Kubohara Y, Oshima Y. Isolation, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Chlorinated Alkylresorcinols from Dictyostelium Cellular Slime Molds. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2716-2722. [PMID: 28921976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Eight chlorinated alkylresorcinols, monochasiol A-H (1-8), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Dictyostelium monochasioides. Compounds 1-8 were synthesized to confirm their structures and to obtain sufficient material for performing biological tests. Monochasiol A (1) selectively inhibited the concanavalin A-induced interleukin-2 production in Jurkat cells, a human T lymphocyte cell line. Monochasiols were biogenetically synthesized by the combination of biosynthetic enzymes relating to the principal polyketides, MPBD and DIF-1, produced by Dictyostelium discoideum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhisa Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , 6-3, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ikuko Ito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , 6-3, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Katsunori Takahashi
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Gunma Paz University , 1-7-1, Tonyamachi, Takasaki 370-0006, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ishigaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Gunma Paz University , 1-7-1, Tonyamachi, Takasaki 370-0006, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Iizumi
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University , 1-1 Hiraga-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kubohara
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University , 1-1 Hiraga-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Oshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , 6-3, Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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15
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Kubohara Y, Kikuchi H, Nguyen VH, Kuwayama H, Oshima Y. Evidence that differentiation-inducing factor-1 controls chemotaxis and cell differentiation, at least in part, via mitochondria in D. discoideum. Biol Open 2017; 6:741-751. [PMID: 28619991 PMCID: PMC5483011 DOI: 10.1242/bio.021345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation-inducing factor-1 [1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one (DIF-1)] is an important regulator of cell differentiation and chemotaxis in the development of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum However, the entire signaling pathways downstream of DIF-1 remain to be elucidated. To characterize DIF-1 and its potential receptor(s), we synthesized two fluorescent derivatives of DIF-1, boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-conjugated DIF-1 (DIF-1-BODIPY) and nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)-conjugated DIF-1 (DIF-1-NBD), and investigated their biological activities and cellular localization. DIF-1-BODIPY (5 µM) and DIF-1 (2 nM) induced stalk cell differentiation in the DIF-deficient strain HM44 in the presence of cyclic adenosine monosphosphate (cAMP), whereas DIF-1-NBD (5 µM) hardly induced stalk cell differentiation under the same conditions. Microscopic analyses revealed that the biologically active derivative, DIF-1-BODIPY, was incorporated by stalk cells at late stages of differentiation and was localized to mitochondria. The mitochondrial uncouplers carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), at 25-50 nM, and dinitrophenol (DNP), at 2.5-5 µM, induced partial stalk cell differentiation in HM44 in the presence of cAMP. DIF-1-BODIPY (1-2 µM) and DIF-1 (10 nM), as well as CCCP and DNP, suppressed chemotaxis in the wild-type strain Ax2 in shallow cAMP gradients. These results suggest that DIF-1-BODIPY and DIF-1 induce stalk cell differentiation and modulate chemotaxis, at least in part, by disturbing mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Kubohara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan .,Laboratory of Health and Life Science, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Van Hai Nguyen
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kuwayama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Oshima
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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16
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Kubohara Y, Komachi M, Homma Y, Kikuchi H, Oshima Y. Derivatives of Dictyostelium differentiation-inducing factors inhibit lysophosphatidic acid-stimulated migration of murine osteosarcoma LM8 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:800-5. [PMID: 26056940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a common metastatic bone cancer that predominantly develops in children and adolescents. Metastatic osteosarcoma remains associated with a poor prognosis; therefore, more effective anti-metastatic drugs are needed. Differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1), -2, and -3 are novel lead anti-tumor agents that were originally isolated from the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Here we investigated the effects of a panel of DIF derivatives on lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced migration of mouse osteosarcoma LM8 cells by using a Boyden chamber assay. Some DIF derivatives such as Br-DIF-1, DIF-3(+2), and Bu-DIF-3 (5-20 μM) dose-dependently suppressed LPA-induced cell migration with associated IC50 values of 5.5, 4.6, and 4.2 μM, respectively. On the other hand, the IC50 values of Br-DIF-1, DIF-3(+2), and Bu-DIF-3 versus cell proliferation were 18.5, 7.2, and 2.0 μM, respectively, in LM8 cells, and >20, 14.8, and 4.3 μM, respectively, in mouse 3T3-L1 fibroblasts (non-transformed). Together, our results demonstrate that Br-DIF-1 in particular may be a valuable tool for the analysis of cancer cell migration, and that DIF derivatives such as DIF-3(+2) and Bu-DIF-3 are promising lead anti-tumor agents for the development of therapies that suppress osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Kubohara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan; Department of Health Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Inzai 270-1695, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Komachi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Homma
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aoba-yama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Oshima
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aoba-yama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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17
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Suzuki T, Kikuchi H, Ogura M, Homma MK, Oshima Y, Homma Y. Weight loss by Ppc-1, a novel small molecule mitochondrial uncoupler derived from slime mold. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117088. [PMID: 25668511 PMCID: PMC4323345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in diverse processes including ATP synthesis and apoptosis. Mitochondrial function can be studied using inhibitors of respiration, and new agents are valuable for discovering novel mechanisms involved in mitochondrial regulation. Here, we screened small molecules derived from slime molds and other microorganisms for their effects on mitochondrial oxygen consumption. We identified Ppc-1 as a novel molecule which stimulates oxygen consumption without adverse effects on ATP production. The kinetic behavior of Ppc-1 suggests its function as a mitochondrial uncoupler. Serial administration of Ppc-1 into mice suppressed weight gain with no abnormal effects on liver or kidney tissues, and no evidence of tumor formation. Serum fatty acid levels were significantly elevated in mice treated with Ppc-1, while body fat content remained low. After a single administration, Ppc-1 distributes into various tissues of individual animals at low levels. Ppc-1 stimulates adipocytes in culture to release fatty acids, which might explain the elevated serum fatty acids in Ppc-1-treated mice. The results suggest that Ppc-1 is a unique mitochondrial regulator which will be a valuable tool for mitochondrial research as well as the development of new drugs to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Suzuki
- Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960–1295, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980–8678, Japan
| | - Masato Ogura
- Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960–1295, Japan
| | - Miwako K. Homma
- Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960–1295, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Oshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980–8678, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Homma
- Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960–1295, Japan
- * E-mail:
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18
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A long-range foresight for the medical application of apoptosis specifically induced by Dd-MRP4, Dictyostelium mitochondrial ribosomal protein S4, to cancer therapy. Biomolecules 2015; 5:113-20. [PMID: 25675329 PMCID: PMC4384114 DOI: 10.3390/biom5010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is regarded as ultimate differentiation of the cell. We have recently demonstrated that a targeted delivery of Dd-MRP4 (Dictyostelium mitochondrial ribosomal protein S4) suppresses specifically the proliferation of the human cancer cells, by inducing their apoptotic cell death (Chida et al., 2014, doi:10.1186/1475-2867-14-56). This amazing fact was discovered, simply based on the finding that Dd-MRP4 expression is absolutely required for transition of Dictyostelium cells from growth to differentiation (Chida et al., 2008, doi:10.1186/1471-2156-9-25; Maeda et al., 2013, doi:10.3390/biom3040943). Dd-MRP4 protein has quite unique structural characters, in that it is highly basic (pI: about 11.5) and interestingly has several nuclear-localization signals within the molecule. In this review, we introduce briefly the efficacy of several apoptosis-inducing substances reported thus far for cancer therapy, and speculate the possible mechanisms, by which apoptosis is specifically induced by Dd-MRP4, on the basis of its structural uniqueness. We also discuss several issues to be solved for the medical application of ectopically expressed Dd-MRP4 in human cancer cells.
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19
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Kubohara Y, Kikuchi H, Matsuo Y, Oshima Y, Homma Y. Properties of a non-bioactive fluorescent derivative of differentiation-inducing factor-3, an anti-tumor agent found in Dictyostelium discoideum. Biol Open 2014; 3:289-96. [PMID: 24682009 PMCID: PMC3988798 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20146585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation-inducing factor-3 (DIF-3), found in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, and its derivatives, such as butoxy-DIF-3 (Bu-DIF-3), are potent anti-tumor agents. To investigate the activity of DIF-like molecules in tumor cells, we recently synthesized a green fluorescent DIF-3 derivative, BODIPY-DIF-3G, and analyzed its bioactivity and cellular localization. In this study, we synthesized a red (orange) fluorescent DIF-3 derivative, BODIPY-DIF-3R, and compared the cellular localization and bioactivities of the two BODIPY-DIF-3s in HeLa human cervical cancer cells. Both fluorescent compounds penetrated the extracellular membrane within 0.5 h and localized mainly to the mitochondria. In formalin-fixed cells, the two BODIPY-DIF-3s also localized to the mitochondria, indicating that the BODIPY-DIF-3s were incorporated into mitochondria independently of the mitochondrial membrane potential. After treatment for 3 days, BODIPY-DIF-3G, but not BODIPY-DIF-3R, induced mitochondrial swelling and suppressed cell proliferation. Interestingly, the swollen mitochondria were stainable with BODIPY-DIF-3G but not with BODIPY-DIF-3R. When added to isolated mitochondria in vitro, BODIPY-DIF-3G increased dose-dependently the rate of O2 consumption, but BODIPY-DIF-3R did not. These results suggest that the bioactive BODIPY-DIF-3G suppresses cell proliferation, at least in part, by altering mitochondrial activity, whereas the non-bioactive BODIPY-DIF-3R localizes to the mitochondria but does not affect mitochondrial activity or cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Kubohara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan
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