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Vieira Antão A, Oltmanns F, Schmidt A, Viherlehto V, Irrgang P, Rameix-Welti MA, Bayer W, Lapuente D, Tenbusch M. Filling two needs with one deed: a combinatory mucosal vaccine against influenza A virus and respiratory syncytial virus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1376395. [PMID: 38975350 PMCID: PMC11224462 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1376395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A Virus (IAV) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) are both responsible for millions of severe respiratory tract infections every year worldwide. Effective vaccines able to prevent transmission and severe disease, are important measures to reduce the burden for the global health system. Despite the strong systemic immune responses induced upon current parental immunizations, this vaccination strategy fails to promote a robust mucosal immune response. Here, we investigated the immunogenicity and efficacy of a mucosal adenoviral vector vaccine to tackle both pathogens simultaneously at their entry site. For this purpose, BALB/c mice were immunized intranasally with adenoviral vectors (Ad) encoding the influenza-derived proteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and nucleoprotein (NP), in combination with an Ad encoding for the RSV fusion (F) protein. The mucosal combinatory vaccine induced neutralizing antibodies as well as local IgA responses against both viruses. Moreover, the vaccine elicited pulmonary CD8+ and CD4+ tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) against the immunodominant epitopes of RSV-F and IAV-NP. Furthermore, the addition of Ad-TGFβ or Ad-CCL17 as mucosal adjuvant enhanced the formation of functional CD8+ TRM responses against the conserved IAV-NP. Consequently, the combinatory vaccine not only provided protection against subsequent infections with RSV, but also against heterosubtypic challenges with pH1N1 or H3N2 strains. In conclusion, we present here a potent combinatory vaccine for mucosal applications, which provides protection against two of the most relevant respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vieira Antão
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friederike Oltmanns
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vera Viherlehto
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pascal Irrgang
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marie-Anne Rameix-Welti
- Université Paris-Saclay – Université de Versailles St. Quentin, UMR 1173 (2I), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Wibke Bayer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dennis Lapuente
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine (FAU I-MED), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Podschwadt P, Malyshkina A, Windmann S, Papadamakis A, Kerkmann L, Lapuente D, Tenbusch M, Lu M, Schindler M, Lang KS, Hansen W, Bayer W. Immune suppression of vaccine-induced CD8 + T-cell responses by gamma retrovirus envelope is mediated by interleukin-10-producing CD4 + T cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:934399. [PMID: 36605206 PMCID: PMC9807908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.934399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviral envelope (Env) proteins have long been recognized to exhibit immunosuppressive properties, which affect the CD8+ T-cell response to an infection but also to immunization. Interestingly, we previously showed in the Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) model that the surface Env protein gp70 also plays a role in immunosuppression, in addition to the immunosuppressive function attributed to the transmembrane Env protein. We now demonstrate that immunization with F-MuLV Env leads to a significant increase in interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing CD4+ T cells and that the induction of CD8+ T-cell responses in the presence of Env is rescued if the capacity of CD4+ T cells to produce IL-10 is abrogated, indicating a mechanistic role of IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells in mediating the Env-induced suppression of CD8+ T-cell responses in Env co-immunization. We found that CD8+ T-cell responses against different immunogens are not all equally affected. On the other hand, suppression of immunity was observed not only in co-immunization experiments but also for immune control of subcutaneous tumor growth after an Env immunization. Finally, we show that suppression of CD8+ T cells by the surface Env protein is observed not only for Friend MuLV Env but also for the Env proteins of other gamma retroviruses. Taken together, our results show that IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells mechanistically underlie the Env-mediated suppression of CD8+ T-cell responses and suggest the presence of an immunosuppressive motif in the surface Env protein of gamma retroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Podschwadt
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna Malyshkina
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sonja Windmann
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Athanasios Papadamakis
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Leonie Kerkmann
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dennis Lapuente
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Department for Molecular Virology, Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl Sebastian Lang
- Institute for Immunology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wibke Bayer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany,*Correspondence: Wibke Bayer,
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Tannig P, Peter AS, Lapuente D, Klessing S, Schmidt A, Damm D, Tenbusch M, Überla K, Temchura V. Genetic Co-Administration of Soluble PD-1 Ectodomains Modifies Immune Responses against Influenza A Virus Induced by DNA Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040570. [PMID: 33019546 PMCID: PMC7712647 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the low efficacy and the need for seasonal adaptation of currently licensed influenza A vaccines, the importance of alternative vaccination strategies is increasingly recognized. Considering that DNA vaccines can be rapidly manufactured and readily adapted with novel antigen sequences, genetic vaccination is a promising immunization platform. However, the applicability of different genetic adjuvants to this approach still represents a complex challenge. Immune checkpoints are a class of molecules involved in adaptive immune responses and germinal center reactions. In this study, we immunized mice by intramuscular electroporation with a DNA-vaccine encoding hemagglutinin (HA) and nucleoprotein (NP) of the influenza A virus. The DNA-vaccine was applied either alone or in combination with genetic adjuvants encoding the soluble ectodomains of programmed cell death protein-1 (sPD-1) or its ligand (sPD-L1). Co-administration of genetic checkpoint adjuvants did not significantly alter immune responses against NP. In contrast, sPD-1 co-electroporation elevated HA-specific CD4+ T cell responses, decreased regulatory CD4+ T cell pools, and modulated the IgG2a-biased HA antibody pattern towards an isotype-balanced IgG response with a trend to higher influenza neutralization in vitro. Taken together, our data demonstrate that a genetic DNA-adjuvant encoding soluble ectodomains of sPD-1 was able to modulate immune responses induced by a co-administered influenza DNA vaccine.
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Lapuente D, Stab V, Storcksdieck Genannt Bonsmann M, Maaske A, Köster M, Xiao H, Ehrhardt C, Tenbusch M. Innate signalling molecules as genetic adjuvants do not alter the efficacy of a DNA-based influenza A vaccine. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231138. [PMID: 32243477 PMCID: PMC7122823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In respect to the heterogeneity among influenza A virus strains and the shortcomings of current vaccination programs, there is a huge interest in the development of alternative vaccines that provide a broader and more long-lasting protection. Gene-based approaches are considered as promising candidates for such flu vaccines. In our study, innate signalling molecules from the RIG-I and the NALP3 pathways were evaluated as genetic adjuvants in intramuscular DNA immunizations. Plasmids encoding a constitutive active form of RIG-I (cRIG-I), IPS-1, IL-1β, or IL-18 were co-administered with plasmids encoding the hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein derived from H1N1/Puerto Rico/8/1934 via electroporation in BALB/c mice. Immunogenicity was analysed in detail and efficacy was demonstrated in homologous and heterologous influenza challenge experiments. Although the biological activities of the adjuvants have been confirmed by in vitro reporter assays, their single or combined inclusion in the vaccine did not result in superior vaccine efficacy. With the exception of significantly increased levels of antigen-specific IgG1 after the co-administration of IL-1β, there were only minor alterations concerning the immunogenicity. Since DNA electroporation alone induced substantial inflammation at the injection site, as demonstrated in this study using Mx2-Luc reporter mice, it might override the adjuvants´ contribution to the inflammatory microenvironment and thereby minimizes the influence on the immunogenicity. Taken together, the DNA immunization was protective against subsequent challenge infections but could not be further improved by the genetic adjuvants analysed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lapuente
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Viktoria Stab
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Andre Maaske
- Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Technische Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mario Köster
- Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Han Xiao
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Ehrhardt
- Section of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Heß R, Storcksdieck Genannt Bonsmann M, Lapuente D, Maaske A, Kirschning C, Ruland J, Lepenies B, Hannaman D, Tenbusch M, Überla K. Glycosylation of HIV Env Impacts IgG Subtype Responses to Vaccination. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020153. [PMID: 30781796 PMCID: PMC6410111 DOI: 10.3390/v11020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The envelope protein (Env) is the only surface protein of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and as such the exclusive target for protective antibody responses. Experimental evidences from mouse models suggest a modulating property of Env to steer antibody class switching towards the less effective antibody subclass IgG1 accompanied with strong TH2 helper responses. By simple physical linkage we were able to imprint this bias, exemplified by a low IgG2a/IgG1 ratio of antigen-specific antibodies, onto an unrelated antigen, namely the HIV capsid protein p24. Here, our results indicate the glycan moiety of Env as the responsible immune modulating activity. Firstly, in Card9−/− mice lacking specific C-Type lectin responsiveness, DNA immunization significantly increased the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio for the Env-specific antibodies while the antibody response against the F-protein of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) serving as control antigen remained unchanged. Secondly, sequential shortening of the Env encoding sequence revealed the C2V3 domain as responsible for the strong IgG1 responses and TH2 cytokine production. Removing all potential N-glycosylation sites from the C2V3 domain by site-specific mutagenesis reversed the vaccine-induced immune response towards a Th1-dominated T-cell response and a balanced IgG2a/IgG1 ratio. Accordingly, the stretch of oligomannose glycans in the C2V3 domain of Env might mediate a specific uptake and/or signaling modus in antigen presenting cells by involving interaction with an as yet unknown C-type lectin receptor. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of the impact of Env glycosylation on HIV antigen-specific immune responses, which will further support HIV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Heß
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | | | - Dennis Lapuente
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Andre Maaske
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Carsten Kirschning
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany.
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Immunology Unit & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo) Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Drew Hannaman
- Ichor Medical Systems, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Virus genes and host correlates of pathology are markedly reduced during respiratory syncytial and influenza virus co-infection in BALB/c mice. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01094. [PMID: 30623128 PMCID: PMC6319304 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, influenza A virus (IAV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection remain very high. There is also a high burden of IAV and RSV co-infection in developing countries. To develop universally protective vaccines against these infections, it is imperative that viral genes and immune correlates of pathology are elucidated. As such, we profiled virus genes expressions, histopathology and immunological responses of BALB/c mice infected with RSV and/or IAV in this study. RSV A2 and/or influenza A/H3N2/Perth/16/09 (Pr/H3N2) were induced over a seven-day period in BALB/c mice. Anaesthetized BALB/c mice (12–14 g) were divided into six groups (15–20 mice per group), inoculated with 32 μl each of 3LD50 Pr/H3N2 and/or 100 TCID50 RSV. Two groups (R or I) received RSV or Pr/H3N2 intranasally. Prior infection with either RSV or Pr/H3N2 was followed with a second challenge of the other virus 24 hours post inoculation in RI and IR groups. Another set was exposed to the two viruses simultaneously (I + R group) while the last group served as healthy controls. Five to seven mice per group were euthanized at days 2, 4 and 7. Lung and spleen organs were harvested for virus genes quantitation and immune cells phenotyping respectively. I + R group showed progressive downregulation of RSV F, G, NS1 and NS2 genes. IAV PB2 and M genes had high fold increase on day 2 and 4 post infections. However, by day 7 post infection, M and PB2 fold increase was lower. Also, increased proportions of NKT and T cell subsets were observed throughout the period in I + R group. Conversely, I group was characterized by reduced NKT cell counts and enhanced CD8 T cells levels while R group only showed an increased proportion of CD8 T cells towards the peak of infection. This study shows that RSV and IAV co-infection lead to reduced virulence and pathology compared to single infections. This information is very useful in combinatorial RSV/IAV vaccine design and development.
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Smith TRF, Schultheis K, Broderick KE. Nucleic acid-based vaccines targeting respiratory syncytial virus: Delivering the goods. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 13:2626-2629. [PMID: 28881156 PMCID: PMC5703370 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1363134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a massive medical burden on a global scale. Infants, children and the elderly represent the vulnerable populations. Currently there is no approved vaccine to protect against the disease. Vaccine development has been hindered by several factors including vaccine enhanced disease (VED) associated with formalin-inactivated RSV vaccines, inability of target populations to raise protective immune responses after vaccination or natural viral infection, and a lack of consensus concerning the most appropriate virus-associated target antigen. However, with recent advances in the molecular understanding of the virus, and design of highly characterized vaccines with enhanced immunogenicity there is new belief a RSV vaccine is possible. One promising approach is nucleic acid-based vaccinology. Both DNA and mRNA RSV vaccines are showing promising results in clinically relevant animal models, supporting their transition into humans. Here we will discuss this strategy to target RSV, and the ongoing studies to advance the nucleic acid vaccine platform as a viable option to protect vulnerable populations from this important disease.
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IL-1β as mucosal vaccine adjuvant: the specific induction of tissue-resident memory T cells improves the heterosubtypic immunity against influenza A viruses. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1265-1278. [PMID: 29545648 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A universal influenza vaccine must provide protection against antigenically divergent influenza viruses either through broadly neutralizing antibodies or cross-reactive T cells. Here, intranasal immunizations with recombinant adenoviral vectors (rAd) encoding hemagglutinin (HA) and nucleoprotein (NP) in combination with rAd-Interleukin-(IL)-1β or rAd-IL-18 were evaluated for their efficacy in BALB/c mice. Mucosal delivery of rAd-IL-1β enhanced HA-specific antibody responses including strain-specific neutralizing antibodies. Nevertheless, the beneficial effects on the local T cell responses were much more impressive reflected by increased numbers of CD103+CD69+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM). This increased immunogenicity translated into superior protection against infections with homologous and heterologous strains including H1N1, pH1N1, H3N2, and H7N7. Inhibition of the egress of circulating T cells out of the lymph nodes during the heterologous infection had no impact on the degree of protection underscoring the unique potential of TRM for the local containment of mucosal infections. The local co-expression of IL-1β and antigen lead to the activation of critical checkpoints in the formation of TRM including activation of epithelial cells, expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules, recruitment of lung-derived CD103+ DCs, and finally local TRM imprinting. Given the importance of TRM-mediated protection at mucosal barriers, this study has major implications for vaccine development.
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Evaluation of adenovirus 19a as a novel vector for mucosal vaccination against influenza A viruses. Vaccine 2018; 36:2712-2720. [PMID: 29628150 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Since preexisting immunity and enhanced infection rates in a clinical trial of an HIV vaccine have raised some concerns on adenovirus (Ad) serotype 5-based vaccines, we evaluated the subgroup D adenovirus serotype Ad19a for its suitability as novel viral vector vaccine against mucosal infections. In BALB/c mice, we compared the immunogenicity and efficacy of E1/E3-deleted Ad19a vectors encoding the influenza A virus (IAV)-derived antigens hemagglutinin (HA) and nucleoprotein (NP) to the most commonly used Ad5 vectors. The adenoviral vectors were applied intranasally and induced detectable antigen-specific T cell responses in the lung and in the spleen as well as robust antibody responses. A prior DNA immunization significantly improved the immunogenicity of both vectors and resulted in full protection against a lethal infection with a heterologous H3N2 virus. Nevertheless, the Ad5-based vectors were slightly superior in reducing viral replication in the lung which corresponded to higher NP-specific T cell responses measured in the lungs.
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Farrag MA, Amer HM, Öhlschläger P, Hamad ME, Almajhdi FN. Novel recombinant DNA vaccine candidates for human respiratory syncytial virus: Preclinical evaluation of immunogenicity and protection efficiency. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:1586-1597. [PMID: 28272978 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1295190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of safe and potent vaccines for human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is still a challenge for researchers worldwide. DNA-based immunization is currently a promising approach that has been used to generate human vaccines for different age groups. In this study, novel HRSV DNA vaccine candidates were generated and preclinically tested in BALB/c mice. Three different versions of the codon-optimized HRSV fusion (F) gene were individually cloned into the pPOE vector. The new recombinant vectors either express full-length (pPOE-F), secretory (pPOE-TF), or M282-90 linked (pPOE-FM2) forms of the F protein. Distinctive expression of the F protein was identified in HEp-2 cells transfected with the different recombinant vectors using ELISA and immunofluorescence. Mice immunization verified the potential for recombinant vectors to elicit significant levels of neutralizing antibodies and CD8+ T-cell lymphocytes. pPOE-TF showed higher levels of gene expression in cell culture and better induction of the humoral and cellular immune responses. Following virus challenge, mice that had been immunized with the recombinant vectors were able to control virus replication and displayed lower inflammation compared with mice immunized with empty pPOE vector or formalin-inactivated HRSV vaccine. Moreover, pulmonary cytokine profiles of mice immunized with the 3 recombinant vectors were similar to those of the mock infected group. In conclusion, recombinant pPOE vectors are promising HRSV vaccine candidates in terms of their safety, immunogenicity and protective efficiency. These data encourage further evaluation in phase I clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farrag
- a Department of Botany and Microbiology , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham M Amer
- a Department of Botany and Microbiology , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,b Department of Virology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Peter Öhlschläger
- c Institute of Nano- and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Aachen University of Applied Sciences , Juelich , Germany
| | - Maaweya E Hamad
- a Department of Botany and Microbiology , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad N Almajhdi
- a Department of Botany and Microbiology , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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Le-Trilling VTK, Megger DA, Katschinski B, Landsberg CD, Rückborn MU, Tao S, Krawczyk A, Bayer W, Drexler I, Tenbusch M, Sitek B, Trilling M. Broad and potent antiviral activity of the NAE inhibitor MLN4924. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19977. [PMID: 26829401 PMCID: PMC4734293 DOI: 10.1038/srep19977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In terms of infected human individuals, herpesviruses range among the most successful virus families. Subclinical herpesviral infections in healthy individuals contrast with life-threatening syndromes under immunocompromising and immunoimmature conditions. Based on our finding that cytomegaloviruses interact with Cullin Roc ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) in the context of interferon antagonism, we systematically assessed viral dependency on CRLs by utilizing the drug MLN4924. CRL activity is regulated through the conjugation of Cullins with the ubiquitin-like molecule Nedd8. By inhibiting the Nedd8-activating Enzyme (NAE), MLN4924 interferes with Nedd8 conjugation and CRL activity. MLN4924 exhibited pronounced antiviral activity against mouse and human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus (HSV)- 1 (including multi-drug resistant clinical isolates), HSV-2, adeno and influenza viruses. Human cytomegalovirus genome amplification was blocked at nanomolar MLN4924 concentrations. Global proteome analyses revealed that MLN4924 blocks cytomegaloviral replication despite increased IE1 amounts. Expression of dominant negative Cullins assigned this IE regulation to defined Cullin molecules and phenocopied the antiviral effect of MLN4924.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominik A Megger
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Benjamin Katschinski
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christine D Landsberg
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Meike U Rückborn
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sha Tao
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Adalbert Krawczyk
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wibke Bayer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ingo Drexler
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Storcksdieck genannt Bonsmann M, Niezold T, Temchura V, Pissani F, Ehrhardt K, Brown EP, Osei-Owusu NY, Hannaman D, Hengel H, Ackerman ME, Streeck H, Nabi G, Tenbusch M, Überla K. Enhancing the Quality of Antibodies to HIV-1 Envelope by GagPol-Specific Th Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4861-72. [PMID: 26466954 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The importance of Fc-dependent effector functions of Abs induced by vaccination is increasingly recognized. However, vaccination of mice against HIV envelope (Env) induced a skewed Th cell response leading to Env-specific Abs with reduced effector function. To overcome this bias, GagPol-specific Th cells were harnessed to provide intrastructural help for Env-specific B cells after immunization with virus-like particles containing GagPol and Env. This led to a balanced Env-specific humoral immune response with a more inflammatory Fc glycan profile. The increased quality in the Ab response against Env was confirmed by FcγR activation assays. Because the Env-specific Th cell response was also biased in human vaccinees, intrastructural help is an attractive novel approach to increase the efficacy of prophylactic HIV Env-based vaccines and may also be applicable to other particulate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Niezold
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Vladimir Temchura
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Franco Pissani
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Katrin Ehrhardt
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Eric P Brown
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755; and
| | | | | | - Hartmut Hengel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | | | | | - Ghulam Nabi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany;
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Starodubova ES, Preobrazhenskaia OV, Kuzmenko YV, Latanova AA, Yarygina EI, Karpov VL. Rabies vaccines: Current status and prospects for development. Mol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893315040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Niezold T, Storcksdieck Genannt Bonsmann M, Maaske A, Temchura V, Heinecke V, Hannaman D, Buer J, Ehrhardt C, Hansen W, Überla K, Tenbusch M. DNA vaccines encoding DEC205-targeted antigens: immunity or tolerance? Immunology 2015; 145:519-33. [PMID: 25819746 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting of antigens to the endocytic uptake receptor DEC205 resulted in enhanced antigen presentation by dendritic cells (DCs). In combination with adjuvants for DC maturation, proteins coupled to an antibody against DEC205 induced strong pathogen-specific immune responses, whereas without additional adjuvant tolerance could be induced. As less is known about DNA vaccines encoding DEC205-targeted antigens, we explored the immunogenicity and efficacy of a dendritic cell-targeted DNA vaccine against influenza A virus (IAV) delivered by electroporation. Although coupling of haemagglutinin to a single-chain antibody against DEC205 enhanced antigen presentation on MHC class II and activation of T-cell receptor-transgenic CD4 T cells, the T-cell responses induced by the targeted DNA vaccine in wild-type BALB/c mice were significantly reduced compared with DNA encoding non-targeted antigens. Consistently, these mice were less protected against an IAV infection. Adoptive transfer experiments were performed to assess the fate of the antigen-specific T cells in animals vaccinated with DNA encoding DEC205-targeted antigens. By this, we could exclude the general deletion of antigen-specific T cells as cause for the reduced efficacy, but observed a local expansion of antigen-specific regulatory T cells, which could suppress the activation of effector cells. In conclusion, DNA vaccines encoding DEC205-targeted antigens induce peripheral tolerance rather than immunity in our study. Finally, we evaluated our DNA vaccines as prophylactic or therapeutic treatment in an allergen-induced asthma mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Niezold
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - André Maaske
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Vladimir Temchura
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Vanessa Heinecke
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology University Hospital, Essen
| | - Christina Ehrhardt
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology University Hospital, Essen
| | - Klaus Überla
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.,Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Institute of Clinical and Medical Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
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Grunwald T, Ulbert S. Improvement of DNA vaccination by adjuvants and sophisticated delivery devices: vaccine-platforms for the battle against infectious diseases. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2015; 4:1-10. [PMID: 25648133 PMCID: PMC4313101 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2015.4.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Advantages of DNA vaccination against infectious diseases over more classical immunization methods include the possibilities for rapid manufacture, fast adaptation to newly emerging pathogens and high stability at ambient temperatures. In addition, upon DNA immunization the antigen is produced by the cells of the vaccinated individual, which leads to activation of both cellular and humoral immune responses due to antigen presentation via MHC I and MHC II molecules. However, so far DNA vaccines have shown most efficient immunogenicity mainly in small rodent models, whereas in larger animals including humans there is still the need to improve effectiveness. This is mostly due to inefficient delivery of the DNA plasmid into cells and nuclei. Here, we discuss technologies used to overcome this problem, including physical means such as in vivo electroporation and co-administration of adjuvants. Several of these methods have already entered clinical testing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grunwald
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ulbert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer-Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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Bird GH, Boyapalle S, Wong T, Opoku-Nsiah K, Bedi R, Crannell WC, Perry AF, Nguyen H, Sampayo V, Devareddy A, Mohapatra S, Mohapatra SS, Walensky LD. Mucosal delivery of a double-stapled RSV peptide prevents nasopulmonary infection. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2113-24. [PMID: 24743147 DOI: 10.1172/jci71856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection accounts for approximately 64 million cases of respiratory disease and 200,000 deaths worldwide each year, yet no broadly effective prophylactic or treatment regimen is available. RSV deploys paired, self-associating, heptad repeat domains of its fusion protein, RSV-F, to form a fusogenic 6-helix bundle that enables the virus to penetrate the host cell membrane. Here, we developed hydrocarbon double-stapled RSV fusion peptides that exhibit stabilized α-helical structure and striking proteolytic resistance. Pretreatment with double-stapled RSV peptides that specifically bound to the RSV fusion bundle inhibited infection by both laboratory and clinical RSV isolates in cells and murine infection models. Intranasal delivery of a lead double-stapled RSV peptide effectively prevented viral infection of the nares. A chitosan-based nanoparticle preparation markedly enhanced pulmonary delivery, further preventing progression of RSV infection to the lung. Thus, our results provide a strategy for inhibiting RSV infection by mucosal and endotracheal delivery of double-stapled RSV fusion peptides.
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Grunwald T, Tenbusch M, Schulte R, Raue K, Wolf H, Hannaman D, de Swart RL, Überla K, Stahl-Hennig C. Novel vaccine regimen elicits strong airway immune responses and control of respiratory syncytial virus in nonhuman primates. J Virol 2014; 88:3997-4007. [PMID: 24453366 PMCID: PMC3993754 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02736-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Induction of long-lasting immunity against viral respiratory tract infections remains an elusive goal. Using a nonhuman primate model of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) infection, we compared mucosal and systemic immune responses induced by different DNA delivery approaches to a novel parenteral DNA prime-tonsillar adenoviral vector booster immunization regimen. Intramuscular (i.m.) electroporation (EP) of a DNA vaccine encoding the fusion protein of hRSV induced stronger systemic immune responses than intradermal EP, tattoo immunization, and conventional i.m. DNA injection. A single EP i.m., followed by two atraumatic tonsillar immunizations with the adenoviral vector, elicited strong systemic immune responses, an unique persistent CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response in the lower respiratory tract and protection from intranasal hRSV challenge. Thus, parenteral DNA priming followed by booster immunization targeted to a mucosal inductive site constitutes an effective vaccine regimen for eliciting protective immune responses at mucosal effector sites. IMPORTANCE The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the most common cause of severe respiratory tract disease in infancy and leads to substantial morbidity and morality in the elderly. In this study, we compared the immunogenicity and efficacy of several gene-based immunization protocols in rhesus macaques. Thereby, we found that the combination of an initially parenterally delivered DNA vaccine with a subsequent atraumatic tonsillar adenoviral vector immunization results in a strong systemic immune response accompanied by an exceptional high T-cell response in the mucosa. Strikingly, these animals were protected against a RSV challenge infection controlling the viral replication indicated by a 1,000-fold-lower viral load in the lower respiratory tract. Since mucosal cellular responses of this strength had not been described in earlier RSV vaccine studies, this heterologous DNA prime-tonsillar boost vaccine strategy is very promising and should be pursued for further preclinical and clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grunwald
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Reiner Schulte
- Unit of Infection Models, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Raue
- Unit of Infection Models, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans Wolf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Drew Hannaman
- Ichor Medical Systems, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Überla
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
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