1
|
Paudel S, Apostolakos I, Vougat Ngom R, Tilli G, de Carvalho Ferreira HC, Piccirillo A. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of vaccination against colibacillosis in broiler production. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301029. [PMID: 38517875 PMCID: PMC10959377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Colibacillosis, a disease caused by Escherichia coli in broiler chickens has serious implications on food safety, security, and economic sustainability. Antibiotics are required for treating the disease, while vaccination and biosecurity are used for its prevention. This systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted under the COST Action CA18217-European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment (ENOVAT), aimed to assess the efficacy of E. coli vaccination in broiler production and provide evidence-based recommendations. A comprehensive search of bibliographic databases, including, PubMed, CAB Abstracts, Web of Science and Agricola, yielded 2,722 articles. Following a defined protocol, 39 studies were selected for data extraction. Most of the studies were experimental infection trials, with only three field studies identified, underscoring the need for more field-based research. The selected studies reported various types of vaccines, including killed (n = 5), subunit (n = 8), outer membrane vesicles/protein-based (n = 4), live/live-attenuated (n = 16), and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) (n = 6) vaccines. The risk of bias assessment revealed that a significant proportion of studies reporting mortality (92.3%) or feed conversion ratio (94.8%) as outcomes, had "unclear" regarding bias. The meta-analysis, focused on live-attenuated and CpG ODN vaccines, demonstrated a significant trend favoring both vaccination types in reducing mortality. However, the review also highlighted the challenges in reproducing colibacillosis in experimental setups, due to considerable variation in challenge models involving different routes of infection, predisposing factors, and challenge doses. This highlights the need for standardizing the challenge model to facilitate comparisons between studies and ensure consistent evaluation of vaccine candidates. While progress has been made in the development of E. coli vaccines for broilers, further research is needed to address concerns such as limited heterologous protection, practicability for application, evaluation of efficacy in field conditions and adoption of novel approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surya Paudel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilias Apostolakos
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DIMITRA”, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ronald Vougat Ngom
- Department of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giuditta Tilli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Piccirillo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nedbalcova K, Bzdil J, Papouskova A, Zouharova M, Matiaskova K, Stastny K, Sladecek V, Senk D, Petr M, Stolar P. Pathotypes and Phenotypic Resistance to Antimicrobials of Escherichia coli Isolates from One-Day-Old Chickens. Pathogens 2023; 12:1330. [PMID: 38003794 PMCID: PMC10675333 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to describe the pathotypes of Escherichia coli strains isolated from one-day-old chickens, as well as the occurrence of resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) in these strains. A total of 429 mixed swabs from 4290 one-day-old chicks were examined between August 2021 and July 2023 (24 months) during routine point-of-destination inspections at 12 poultry farms in the Czech Republic. All samples were processed via cultivation methods using meat-peptone blood agar and Mc Conkey agar under aerobic conditions at 37 ± 1 °C for 18-24 h. The identification of the strains was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. All confirmed strains of E. coli were screened via single or multiplex PCRs for the presence of genes encoding the virulence-associated factors iroN, cvaC, iss, felA, iutA, frz and tsh. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) method, focusing on ampicillin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole. A total of 321 E. coli strains (prevalence of 74.8%) were isolated, and 300 isolates were defined as avian pathogenic strains of E. coli (APEC) via multiplex PCR. Based on the defined virulence genes, the isolates were classified into 31 pathotypes. A total of 15.9% of the tested isolates were susceptible to all the tested antimicrobials. On the other hand, 20.5% of the isolates were identified as multidrug-resistant (8.7% of isolates were resistant to three antimicrobials, 7.3% to four antimicrobials, 3.6% to five antimicrobials and 0.9% to six antimicrobials). Monitoring pathogenic strains of E. coli in different animals and in the environment makes it possible to understand their spread in animal and human populations and, at the same time, reveal the sources of virulence and resistance genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Nedbalcova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Jaroslav Bzdil
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Aneta Papouskova
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences, Palackeho 1–3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Monika Zouharova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Katarina Matiaskova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Kamil Stastny
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (K.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Vladimir Sladecek
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (P.S.)
| | - David Senk
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Matej Petr
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Petr Stolar
- Ptacy S.R.O., Valasska Bystrice 194, 756 27 Valašská Bystřice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.S.); (D.S.); (M.P.); (P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lenchenko E, Sachivkina N, Lobaeva T, Zhabo N, Avdonina M. Bird immunobiological parameters in the dissemination of the biofilm-forming bacteria Escherichia coli. Vet World 2023; 16:1052-1060. [PMID: 37576771 PMCID: PMC10420717 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1052-1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim With the development of industrial maintenance technology, a group of pathogens called avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) became very common. The initiation, development, and outcome of the infectious process mediated by virulent APEC strains occur through a decrease in the colonization resistance of the intestine, an immunobiological marker of homeostasis stability in susceptible species. This study focused on the pathogenetic features of colibacillosis and the morphological features of E. coli. Materials and Methods Clinical, immunological, bacteriological, and histological studies were conducted on 15-day-old white Leghorn birds (n = 20). The birds were divided into two groups: Control group (Group I; n = 10) with birds intranasally inoculated with 0.5 mL of 0.9% NaCl solution and experimental group (Group II; n = 10) with birds intranasally inoculated with 0.5 mL of an E. coli suspension at 1 billion/mL. Results During the biofilm formation, clusters of microcolonies were formed as a gel-like intercellular matrix that accumulated due to cell coagulation. The intercellular matrix "glues" heteromorphic cells together and forms a structure of densely packed heteromorphic cells arranged in an orderly manner and growing in different directions. During the experimental reproduction of E. coli, excessive growth was observed in material isolated from poultry. Pathogenic E. coli strains implementing virulence factors adhered to the receptors of erythrocytes, alveolocytes, and enterocytes. Multicellular heterogeneous biofilms, united by an intercellular matrix, were located at the apical poles of the respiratory tract alveolocytes and enterocytes of the terminal ileum villi. Many bacteria exudate containing desquamated epithelial cells with an admixture of mucus, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were detected in the lumen of the birds' abdominal organs. Invasive bacteria damaged the epithelial layer, violated the endothelial layer of blood vessels, and developed inflammatory hyperemia of the lamina propria of the respiratory and digestive systems' mucous membrane. A correlative dependence of changes developed by the type of delayed hypersensitivity reaction was established. Signs of accidental transformation of the thymus, atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius, disseminated thrombosis, and septic spleen developed. Moreover, toxic cardiomyocyte dystrophy, signs of congestive vascular hyperemia, massive disintegration of lymphocytes, macrophage reactions, perivascular edema resulting from the release of plasma, and shaped blood elements were detected. Conclusion The development and outcome of the infectious process in escherichiosis primarily depend on the homeostasis stability of susceptible species and virulence factors of the pathogenic microorganisms. One of the selected strains, E. coli O78:K80 displayed the highest ability to form biofilms. Its strong adhesion ability to bird erythrocytes was demonstrated. Deepening the scientific knowledge of the interaction between eukaryotes and prokaryotes will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenetic aspects of avian escherichiosis and eventually find promising anti-adhesive drugs that could reduce primary bacterial contamination in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Lenchenko
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Russian Biotechnological University (BIOTECH University), 125080, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Sachivkina
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Lobaeva
- Department of Biochemistry T.T. Berezov, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natallia Zhabo
- Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Avdonina
- Department of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, Moscow State Linguistic University, 119034, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jonare L, Östlund E, Söderlund R, Hansson I, Aspán A, Jansson DS. Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) confirms systemic spread of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in broilers with cellulitis. Vet Microbiol 2023; 282:109755. [PMID: 37119568 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Broiler cellulitis has emerged as an important cause of economic losses for farmers and slaughter plants from carcass condemnation at processing. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) has been identified as the main causative agent. The aim was to characterize E. coli isolated from cellulitis and organs in broilers at slaughter by whole genome sequencing analysis to study if systemic spread could be confirmed. Isolates were collected post-mortem from 101 carcasses condemned due to dermatitis/cellulitis from five commercial farms and six flocks. Forty-six isolates were characterised to determine serotypes, sequence types and virulence-associated genes. Analysis by cgMLST was performed to study the genetic similarity between isolates from the same broiler, among birds from the same flock and between flocks. Escherichia coli was isolated from 90% of birds from subcutaneous samples. In 20 broilers, E. coli was isolated from organs in pure culture or mixed with sparse growth of other bacteria. In eight of these, there were post-mortem findings suggestive of systemic bacterial spread. The majority of the isolates from the same bird and flock belonged to the same serotype and sequence type and were genetically indistinguishable, but differed when compared between flocks. Common APEC virulence genes, i.e. chuA, fyuA, hlyF, iroN, irp2, iss, ompT, sitA, TerC, TraT, were present in > 87% of the isolates. We conclude that evidence of systemic spread of E. coli from cellulitis was present in some birds at time of slaughter but cannot be reliably detected at meat inspection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liv Jonare
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Emma Östlund
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Söderlund
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hansson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7036, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Aspán
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Désirée S Jansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bhattarai RK, Basnet HB, Dhakal IP, Alocilja EC. Virulence genes of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from commercial chicken in Nepal. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 95:101961. [PMID: 36870115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Colibacillosis is the most common bacteriological disease in poultry. The purpose of this study was to determine the recovery rate of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains, the distribution, prevalence of Escherichia coli Reference (ECOR) collection and virulence associated gene (VAG) in four types of chickens infected by colibacillosis. Commercial broilers and layers had the highest percentage of positive APEC isolates (91%). We confirmed the ECOR phylogroup including B1 and E for the first time in Nepal. The prevalences of these phylogroups among chicken types were significantly different (p < 0.001). Among 57 VAGs, the number of genes found per isolate ranged from 8 to 26, with the top 5 VAGs being fimH (100%), issa (92.2%), traTa (90.6%), sit chro. (86%), and ironEC (84.8%). We found significant differences in gene prevalence among the chicken types. The predominance of B1 and E, and the VAG patterns suggest considering ECOR phylogroup and VAGs while formulating strategies for the prevention and control of APEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebanta Kumar Bhattarai
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal.
| | - Hom Bahadur Basnet
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal.
| | - Ishwari Prasad Dhakal
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khong MJ, Snyder AM, Magnaterra AK, Young MM, Barbieri NL, Weimer SL. Antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry litter. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102305. [PMID: 36603238 PMCID: PMC9792562 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a threat to animal and human health. As a commensal and zoonotic bacterium, Escherichia coli has the potential to be a pathogenic source of antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of this study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile of E. coli isolated from litter collected from pens in a broiler chicken experiment. E. coli was isolated from litter samples (n = 68 isolates) of 16 pens housing broilers to d 53 of age. Resistance to 10 antimicrobials was observed by disc diffusion. The presence of 23 antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance genes, O serogroups, and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC-like) minimal predictor genes were identified through PCR. E. coli isolates presented the greatest resistance to cephalothin (54.4%), tetracycline (27.9%), streptomycin (29.4%), ampicillin (20.6%), colistin (13.2%), sulphonamides (8.8%), and imipenem (1.5%). Multidrug resistance to at least 3 antimicrobials was observed in 22.1% of isolates. The identified O-types of the E. coli isolates were O15, O75, O78, and O91. There was a greater likelihood that the genes groEL, aph(3)IA, silP, sull, aadA, qacEdelta1, iroN, ompTp, and hlyF were present in isolates that exhibited ampicillin resistance (P ≤ 0.05). There was a greater likelihood that the groEL gene was present in isolates resistant to ampicillin, colistin, tetracycline, sulphonamides, or cephalothin (P ≤ 0.05). Further characterizing E. coli antimicrobial resistance is essential and aids in developing effective solutions, thereby furthering the One Health objective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Khong
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - A M Snyder
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - A K Magnaterra
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - M M Young
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - N L Barbieri
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - S L Weimer
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA; Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Meng X, Chen Y, Wang P, Xia P, Wang J, He M, Zhu C, Wang H, Zhu G. Phosphopantetheinyl transferase ClbA contributes to the virulence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in meningitis infection of mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269102. [PMID: 35900973 PMCID: PMC9333332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), which has potential zoonotic risk, can cause severe systemic infections such as septicemia and meningitis in poultry. Colibactin is a hybrid non-ribosomal peptide/polyketide secondary metabolite produced by bacteria, which induces double-strand DNA breaks and chromosome instability in eukaryotic cells. ClbA is a 4’-phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) that is essential for colibactin and plays a role in siderophore synthesis. However, whether ClbA is associated with meningitis development in APEC is unclear. In this study, we abolished the clbA gene in the APEC XM strain, investigated the effect of clbA on colibactin synthesis and evaluated the pathogenic capacity of colibactin on meningitis development. Deletion of clbA reduced DNA damage to cells and hindered the normal synthesis of colibactin. Compared with the mice infected by wild-type APEC XM, the clbA deletion mutant infected mice had significant reduction in a series of characteristics associated with meningitis including clinical symptoms, bacterial loads of blood and brain, disruption of the blood brain barrier and the expression of inflammatory factors in the brain tissue. Complementation of ClbA recovered some APEC XM virulence. We conclude that ClbA is obligatory for the synthesis of colibactin and is responsible for the development of meningitis in mice infected by APEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Meng
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yanfei Chen
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peili Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengpeng Xia
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinqiu Wang
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Agricultural Vocational College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengping He
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunhong Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schulze Bernd K, Wilms-Schulze Kump A, Freise F, Reich F, Kehrenberg C. Influences of biosecurity on the occurrence of cellulitis in broiler flocks. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
9
|
Paudel S, Fink D, Abdelhamid MK, Zöggeler A, Liebhart D, Hess M, Hess C. Aerosol is the optimal route of respiratory tract infection to induce pathological lesions of colibacillosis by a lux-tagged avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in chickens. Avian Pathol 2021; 50:417-426. [PMID: 34505551 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.1978392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis of colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in poultry is unclear and experimental studies reveal substantial inconsistency. In this study, the impact of three infection routes differing in the site of deposition of inoculum in the respiratory tract, were investigated. Two-weeks-old chickens were infected with a lux-tagged APEC strain via aerosol, intranasally or intratracheally, and sequentially sampled along with uninfected birds. At 1 and 3 days post infection (dpi), liver or spleen to body-weight ratios in all infected groups were significantly higher than in negative control, while at 7 dpi, such differences were significant in both organs in the aerosol-infected group. The infection-strain colonized tracheas and lungs in infected birds at 1 dpi and persisted until 7 dpi. Among infected groups, in lungs, bacterial load at 1 dpi was significantly lower in intranasally-inoculated birds. Histology revealed that, independent of infection route, lesions were mostly seen in the lower respiratory organs (lungs and air sacs) characterized by bronchitis/pneumonia and airsacculitis. Birds infected via aerosol showed the highest mean lesion score in lungs while intranasal application caused the mildest pathological changes, and difference between the two groups was significant at 1 dpi. In spleen, heterophilic infiltrations were prominent in affected birds. Interestingly, tracheas were pathologically unaffected. Altogether, the results demonstrated the importance of infection route, with aerosol being the most suitable to induce pathological lesions of colibacillosis without predisposing factors. Furthermore, the lux-tagged APEC strain was discriminated from native isolates enabling exact differentiation and enumeration.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Lux-tagged APEC strain was used for infection to differentiate from native E. coli.Pathologically, lungs, air sacs and spleen but not trachea were affected.The route of infection strongly impacts the pathological outcome with APEC.The infection with APEC via aerosol caused the most severe lesions in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surya Paudel
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Fink
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohamed Kamal Abdelhamid
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Anna Zöggeler
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Liebhart
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Soares BD, de Brito KCT, Grassotti TT, Filho HCK, de Camargo TCL, Carvalho D, Dorneles IC, Otutumi LK, Cavalli LS, de Brito BG. Respiratory microbiota of healthy broilers can act as reservoirs for multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 79:101700. [PMID: 34507109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluate the presence and to study characteristics of Escherichia coli in the respiratory system microbiota of healthy broilers. Trachea, air sacs, and lungs of 20 broilers were analyzed at 21 days of age, reared in experimental conditions, without receiving antimicrobials. E. coli strains were isolated and identified using conventional bacteriology through morphological and biochemical characterization. The production of bacteriocin-like substances, the presence of virulence-associated genes (VAGs) of APEC (Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli) predictors, and the antimicrobial susceptibility were evaluated. E. coli was found in 85 % of the animals (17/20), in the trachea, air sacs or lungs; and it was not found in 15 % of the animals (3/20). A total of 34 isolates were recovered, 13 from the air sacs, 13 from the lungs, and 8 from the trachea, which showed no production of bacteriocin-like substances nor virulence genes associated with APEC. Most isolates, 59 % (20/34), showed resistance to at least one of the tested antimicrobials, and six multiresistant strains were identified. The results demonstrated that strains of E. coli were commensal of the respiratory microbiota, and that they did not present pathogenicity to the host, since there were no clinical signs of disease, macroscopic lesions in the organs of the evaluated broilers, production of bacteriocin-like substances, nor virulence-associated genes considered as predictors of APEC in bacteria. These strains of E. coli were mostly susceptible to antimicrobials. However, the occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains suggests that these animals can act as reservoirs of resistant to antimicrobials E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Dugaich Soares
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health of the Institute for Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Laboratory of Avian Health and Technological Innovation, Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research, Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000. Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Tagliari de Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health of the Institute for Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Laboratory of Avian Health and Technological Innovation, Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research, Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000. Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil.
| | - Tiela Trapp Grassotti
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health of the Institute for Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Laboratory of Avian Health and Technological Innovation, Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research, Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000. Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Hiran Castagnino Kunert Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health of the Institute for Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Laboratory of Avian Health and Technological Innovation, Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research, Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000. Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Taiara Carolaine Leal de Camargo
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health of the Institute for Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Laboratory of Avian Health and Technological Innovation, Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research, Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000. Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Daiane Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health of the Institute for Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Laboratory of Avian Health and Technological Innovation, Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research, Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000. Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Izabela Camilotti Dorneles
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, UniversidadeParanaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciana Kazue Otutumi
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, UniversidadeParanaense, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Lissandra Souto Cavalli
- Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research, Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Gonçalves Dias, 570, Menino Deus, Porto Alegre, RS, 90.130-060, Brazil
| | - Benito Guimarães de Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health of the Institute for Veterinary Research Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Laboratory of Avian Health and Technological Innovation, Department of Agricultural Diagnosis and Research, Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000. Sans Souci, Eldorado do Sul, RS, 92990-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barbieri NL, Pimenta RL, de Melo DA, Nolan LK, de Souza MMS, Logue CM. mcr-1 Identified in Fecal Escherichia coli and Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC) From Brazil. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:659613. [PMID: 33959114 PMCID: PMC8093808 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.659613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Colisitin-associated resistance in bacteria of food producing animals has gained significant attention with the mcr gene being linked with resistance. Recently, newer variants of mcr have emerged with more than nine variants currently recognized. Reports of mcr associated resistance in Escherichia coli of poultry appear to be relatively limited, but its prevalence requires assessment since poultry is one of the most important and cheapest sources of the world’s protein and the emergence of resistance could limit our ability to treat disease outbreaks. Here, 107 E. coli isolates from production poultry were screened for the presence of mcr 1–9. The isolates were collected between April 2015 and June 2016 from broiler chickens and free-range layer hens in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. All isolates were recovered from the trachea and cloaca of healthy birds and an additional two isolates were recovered from sick birds diagnosed with colibacillosis. All isolates were screened for the presence of mcr-1 to 9 using PCR and Sanger sequencing for confirmation of positive genes. Additionally, pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis, avian fecal E. coli (APEC) virulence associated gene screening, plasmid replicon typing and antimicrobial resistance phenotype and resistance gene screening, were also carried out to further characterize these isolates. The mcr-1 gene was detected in 62 (57.9%) isolates (61 healthy and 1 APEC) and the mcr-5 gene was detected in 3 (2.8%) isolates; mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-6, mcr-7, mcr-8, and mcr-9 were not detected in any isolate. In addition, mcr 1 and 5 positive isolates were phenotypically resistant to colistin using the agar dilution assay (> 8ug/ml). PFGE analysis found that most of the isolates screened had unique fingerprints suggesting that the emergence of colistin resistance was not the result of clonal dissemination. Plasmid replicon types IncI2, FIB, and B/O were found in 38, 36, and 34% of the mcr positive isolates and were the most prevalent replicon types detected; tetA and tetB (32 and 26%, respectively) were the most prevalent antimicrobial resistance genes detected and iutA, was the most prevalent APEC virulence associated gene, detected in 50% of the isolates. Approximately 32% of the isolates examined could be classified as APEC-like, based on the presence of 3 or more genes of APEC virulence associated path panel (iroN, ompT, hlyF, iss, iutA). This study has identified a high prevalence of mcr-1 in poultry isolates in Brazil, suggesting that animal husbandry practices could result in a potential source of resistance to the human food chain in countries where application of colistin in animal health is practiced. Emergence of the mcr gene and associated colisitin resistance in production poultry warrants continued monitoring from the animal health and human health perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Lima Barbieri
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ramon Loureiro Pimenta
- Department of Veterinary Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil
| | - Dayanne Araujo de Melo
- Department of Veterinary Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil
| | - Lisa K Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Aragão AZB, Quel NG, Joazeiro PP, Yano T. Escherichia coli vacuolating factor, involved in avian cellulitis, induces actin contraction and binds to cytoskeleton proteins in fibroblasts. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2021; 27:e20200106. [PMID: 33747068 PMCID: PMC7941731 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from avian cellulitis lesions produces a toxin, named Escherichia coli vacuolating factor (ECVF), that causes cell vacuolization and induces inflammatory response in broiler chicken. Methods We investigated the intracellular activities of ECVF in avian fibroblasts using fluorescence staining, electron microscopy, MTT and LDH measurements. As ECVF act specifically in avian cells, we performed blotting assay followed by mass spectrometry to better understand its initial intracellular protein recognition. Results ECVF induced actin contraction, mitochondrial damage and membrane permeability alterations. Ultrastructural analysis showed intracellular alterations, as nuclear lobulation and the presence of degraded structures inside the vacuoles. Moreover, ECVF induced cell death in fibroblasts. ECVF-biotin associates to at least two proteins only in avian cell lysates: alpha-actinin 4 and vinculin, both involved in cytoskeleton structure. Conclusion These findings demonstrated that ECVF plays an important role in avian cellulitis, markedly in initial steps of infection. Taken together, the results place this toxin as a target for drug and/or vaccine development, instead of the use of large amounts antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelize Zambon Barbosa Aragão
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Galdi Quel
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Pinto Joazeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tomomasa Yano
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Newman DM, Barbieri NL, de Oliveira AL, Willis D, Nolan LK, Logue CM. Characterizing avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from colibacillosis cases, 2018. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11025. [PMID: 33717713 PMCID: PMC7937341 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a devastating disease of poultry that results in multi-million-dollar losses annually to the poultry industry. Disease syndromes associated with APEC includes colisepticemia, cellulitis, air sac disease, peritonitis, salpingitis, omphalitis, and osteomyelitis among others. A total of 61 APEC isolates collected during the Fall of 2018 (Aug-Dec) from submitted diagnostic cases of poultry diagnosed with colibacillosis were assessed for the presence of 44 virulence-associated genes, 24 antimicrobial resistance genes and 17 plasmid replicon types. Each isolate was also screened for its ability to form biofilm using the crystal violet assay and antimicrobial susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials using the NARMS panel. Overall, the prevalence of virulence genes ranged from 1.6% to >90% with almost all strains harboring genes that are associated with the ColV plasmid-the defining trait of the APEC pathotype. Overall, 58 strains were able to form biofilms and only three strains formed negligible biofilms. Forty isolates displayed resistance to antimicrobials of the NARMS panel ranging from one to nine agents. This study highlights that current APEC causing disease in poultry possess virulence and resistance traits and form biofilms which could potentially lead to challenges in colibacillosis control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darby M Newman
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nicolle L Barbieri
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Aline L de Oliveira
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dajour Willis
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lisa K Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Amer MM, Mekky HM, Fedawy HS, El-Shemy A, Bosila MA, Elbayoumi KM. Molecular identification, genotyping of virulence-associated genes, and pathogenicity of cellulitis-derived Escherichia coli. Vet World 2020; 13:2703-2712. [PMID: 33487989 PMCID: PMC7811558 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2703-2712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Avian colibacillosis, which is caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), is a major bacterial disease that affects birds of all ages worldwide, causing significant economic losses. APEC manifests in several clinical forms, including cellulitis, and its high pathogenicity is attributed to harboring numerous virulence-associated genes (VGs). This study evaluated the pathogenicity of the cellulitis-derived E. coli (O78) strain through molecular identification of genes coding for seven virulence factors and by conducting an in vivo assessment of capability for cellulitis induction in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: This study was performed using a previously isolated and identified cellulitis-derived E. coli (O78), which was screened for seven VGs using molecular detection and identification through polymerase chain reaction followed by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Experimental infection by subcutaneous (SC) inoculation in broilers and its pathogenicity was confirmed in vivo by cellulitis induction. The impact of cellulitis on broiler performance was assessed. Results: Molecular genotyping proved that the isolate harbored five virulence genes (iroN, iutA, tsh, iss, and papC) and was negative for stx1 and hly genes. The amplified products for iroN, iss, and iutA were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, and the results indicate the highest similarity and matching with E. coli submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank. SC inoculation of bacteria in broiler chickens resulted in cellulitis, as indicated by thick red edematous skin with yellowish-white material in the SC tissue at the inoculation site, and the abdominal muscle showed redness and increased vacuolization. Histopathological examination revealed moderate-to-severe caseous inflammatory reaction with a marked accumulation of heterophils and mononuclear cells in the SC fatty tissue. The average feed intake, body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were lower in infected chickens in comparison with those of the control non-infected chickens. Conclusion: This study proves that molecular techniques are accurate for pathogenicity determination in virulent bacteria, with the advantages of being rapid, time-saving, and economical. Cellulitis is associated with economic losses that are represented by a lower BWG and FCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Amer
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. 12211, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hoda M Mekky
- Poultry Diseases Department, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanaa S Fedawy
- Poultry Diseases Department, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - A El-Shemy
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - M A Bosila
- Poultry Diseases Department, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kh M Elbayoumi
- Poultry Diseases Department, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schulze Bernd K, Wilms-Schulze Kump A, Rohn K, Reich F, Kehrenberg C. Management factors influencing the occurrence of cellulitis in broiler chickens. Prev Vet Med 2020; 183:105146. [PMID: 32927303 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the main reasons for condemning fattening broiler chickens during meat inspection is cellulitis, which demonstrates the great economic issue concerning this topic. The aim of this epidemiological study was therefore to identify risk factors in order to draw conclusions on how to prevent the occurrence of cellulitis in broilers by implementing management changes. The data were collected between April and November 2018 on conventional broiler farms (n = 100) in the north of Germany with one to fourteen poultry houses per farm. In total, data were collected from 199 broiler flocks with a total of 5,332,767 broilers. Data on the type of management (feeding- and drinking management, housing, lighting management, litter type and animal health) were collected via a questionnaire, with additional data on condemnation rates being provided by the abattoirs. It was found that litter additives like fennel, eucalyptus and probiotics as well as a moist litter quality were associated with lower cellulitis condemnation rates. Flocks fattened in windowless barns, but with relatively higher lux-values as well as those broilers examined in a lower number of housing inspections had significantly lower cellulitis condemnation rates compared to other husbandry systems. In addition, lower cellulitis rates were seen when housing capacities were smaller, regardless of stocking density. The source of the breeders and hatchery also had a significant influence on the occurrence of cellulitis. No correlation was found between the condemnation rates due to cellulitis and the performance of thinning, the water source used, the use of drinking additives, observational skills and number of herd managers monitoring the broilers, participation in an animal welfare programme, the technique of heating and ventilation systems used, the feed supplier, litter material, the broiler breed, the length of darkness periods and chick losses during the first seven days. We concluded that management decisions that lead to stress reduction in the broiler flocks are beneficial in terms of chicken welfare and occurrence of cellulitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Schulze Bernd
- Veterinary Practice and Laboratory Wilms-Ellert-Klosterhalfen, Visbek, Germany.
| | | | - K Rohn
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - F Reich
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - C Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science (IfTN), Justus-Liebig-University (JLU), Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thomrongsuwannakij T, Blackall PJ, Djordjevic SP, Cummins ML, Chansiripornchai N. A comparison of virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance profiles and genetic diversity of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates from broilers and broiler breeders in Thailand and Australia. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:457-466. [PMID: 32374190 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1764493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of colibacillosis resulting in economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. A total of 168 APEC isolates, equal numbers from Australian and Thai broilers/broiler breeders, were identified and tested for their susceptibility to ten antimicrobial agents. Most of the Thai APEC isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) (60.7%) whilst Australian APEC isolates showed a MDR rate of just 10.7%. The Thai APEC isolates exhibited high resistance to tetracycline (TET) (84.5%), amoxicillin (AMX) (70.2%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) (51.2%) whilst the Australian APEC isolates showed lower levels of resistance (TET 36.9%, AMX 29.8%, SXT 17.86%). The 34 Thai APEC and four Australian APEC isolates which were resistant to nalidixic acid were characterized for their carriage of mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE. While no mutations were detected in gyrB in the Thai isolates, the Ser83Leu and Asp87Asn substitutions in gyrA and Ser80Ile in parC were common (n = 9/34). In regard to the Australian isolates, the Ser83Leu and Asp678Glu substitution in gyrA, Pro385Ala and Ser492Asn in gyrB and Met241Ile and Asp475Glu in parC were identified (n = 3/4). Rep-PCR analysis of the 84 Thai and 84 Australian APEC isolates showed 16 main clusters that mostly contained isolates from both countries. Our results suggest that the emergence of MDR is a major concern for the Thai APEC isolates and that more prudent use of antimicrobial agents in Thai poultry production is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij
- Avian Health Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakorn Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Patrick J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | | | - Max L Cummins
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Niwat Chansiripornchai
- Avian Health Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang P, Meng X, Li J, Chen Y, Zhang D, Zhong H, Xia P, Cui L, Zhu G, Wang H. Transcriptome profiling of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and the mouse microvascular endothelial cell line bEnd.3 during interaction. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9172. [PMID: 32509459 PMCID: PMC7246031 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), an important extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli, causes colibacillosis, an acute and mostly systemic disease involving multiple organ lesions such as meningitis. Meningitis-causing APEC can invade the host central nervous system by crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which is a critical step in the development of meningitis. However, the bacteria-host interaction mechanism in this process remains unclear. Methods In this study, we examined E. coli and bEnd.3 cells transcriptomes during infection and mock infection to investigate the global transcriptional changes in both organisms using RNA sequencing approach. Results When APEC infected the bEnd.3 cells, several significant changes in the expression of genes related to cell junctional complexes, extracellular matrix degradation, actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, immune activation and the inflammatory response in bEnd.3 cells were observed as compared to the mock infection group. Thus, the immune activation of bEnd.3 cells indicated that APEC infection activated host defenses. Furthermore, APEC may exploit cell junction degradation to invade the BBB. In addition, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism related genes were downregulated and the protein export pathway related genes were upregulated in APEC cultured with bEnd.3 cells, compared to that in control. Thus, APEC may encounter starvation and express virulence factors during incubation with bEnd.3 cells. Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive overview of transcriptomic changes that occur during APEC infection of bEnd.3 cells, and offers insights into the bacterial invasion strategies and the subsequent host defense mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peili Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoran Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengpeng Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Van Goor A, Redweik GAJ, Stromberg ZR, Treadwell CG, Xin H, Mellata M. Microbiome and biological blood marker changes in hens at different laying stages in conventional and cage free housings. Poult Sci 2020; 99:2362-2374. [PMID: 32359571 PMCID: PMC7597552 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the majority of conventional cage (CC) laying facilities transitioning into cage-free (CF) systems in the near future, it is important to characterize biological markers of health in layers housed in commercial housings for sustainable production. The objectives of this study were to compare i) blood markers, that is heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) ratios and susceptibility to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) and ii) lung and ceca microbiome between hens at different maturity stages in commercial CC and CF farms. Laying hens at 3 maturity stages were randomly sampled (N = 20 per maturity and per farm). Blood was tested for H:L ratios and APEC killing ability using microscopy and in vitro assay, respectively. Microbiomes were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing and QIIME2 analysis. Data show H:L ratios did not differ between maturities in both farms. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli killing was only different in CC hens, where χ7122 level was higher (P < 0.05) in peak compared with early lay. In both farms, microbiome diversity was consistently different (P < 0.05) in both ceca and lung of early lay compared with peak and late lay. In the ceca and lung, relative abundances of the 3 predominant phyla (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria) did not significantly change with maturity in both farms. Potential pathogens Campylobacter and Staphylococcus reached greater (P < 0.05) abundances in CC lungs in early lay and in CF lungs in late lay, respectively. Overall, this study showed no differences in the stress marker H:L but identified some differences in resistance to APEC and microbiome composition across maturity stages in CC and CF. The lung and gut microbiomes were highly similar, with both serving as potential reservoirs for Campylobacter and Staphylococcus. Future studies on controllable environments for CF and CC are needed to develop adequate strategies for each housing and maturity stage to reduce pathogens and optimize disease-resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Van Goor
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Graham A J Redweik
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, USA; Interdepartmental Microbiology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Zachary R Stromberg
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Caroline G Treadwell
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Hongwei Xin
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Melha Mellata
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, USA; Interdepartmental Microbiology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ugwu IC, Lee-Ching L, Ugwu CC, Okoye JOA, Chah KF. In vitro assessment of pathogenicity and virulence encoding gene profiles of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains associated with colibacillosis in chickens. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2020; 21:180-187. [PMID: 33178295 PMCID: PMC7608036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains have been associated with various disease conditions in avian species due to virulence attributes associated with the organism. AIMS This study was carried out to determine the in vitro pathogenic characteristics and virulence encoding genes found in E. coli strains associated with colibacillosis in chickens. METHODS Fifty-two stock cultures of E. coli strains isolated from chickens diagnosed of colibacillosis were tested for their ability to produce haemolysis on blood agar and take up Congo red dye. Molecular characterization was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of virulence encoding genes associated with APEC. RESULTS Eleven (22%) and 41 (71%) were positive for haemolysis on 5% sheep red blood agar and Congo red agar, respectively. Nine virulence-associated genes were detected as follows: FimH (96%), csgA (52%), iss (48%), iut (33%), tsh (21%), cva (15%), kpsII (10%), pap (2%), and felA (2%). CONCLUSION The APEC strains exhibited virulence properties and harbored virulence encoding genes which could be a threat to the poultry population and public health. The putative virulence genes were diverse and different in almost all isolate implying that pathogenesis was multi-factorial and the infection was multi-faceted which could be a source of concern in the detection and control of APEC infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I. C. Ugwu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - L. Lee-Ching
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - C. C. Ugwu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - J. O. A. Okoye
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - K. F. Chah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Redweik GAJ, Stromberg ZR, Van Goor A, Mellata M. Protection against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella Kentucky exhibited in chickens given both probiotics and live Salmonella vaccine. Poult Sci 2019; 99:752-762. [PMID: 32029160 PMCID: PMC7587825 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial poultry farms are increasingly threatened by bacterial infections from avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) and broad-host Salmonella serovars. Recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccines (RASV) elicit cross-reactive immune responses against APEC in chickens; however, assessment of broad protection is lacking. Probiotics boost chicken immunity and improve vaccination responses. The objective of this study was to determine whether the RASV, the probiotics, or their combination had protection against APEC and Salmonella. White Leghorn chicks were randomly placed into 4 groups: no treatment (CON), probiotics (PRO), RASV (VAX), or both prophylactics (P + V). Chicks in the PRO and P + V groups were fed probiotics daily, beginning at the age of 1-day-old. Chicks in the P + V and VAX groups were orally inoculated with RASV at the age of 4 D and boosted 2 wks later. Total and antigen-specific IgY responses to Salmonella (lipolysaccharide [LPS]) and E. coli (IroN and IutA) were measured in serum samples via ELISA. Bactericidal potential of both serum and blood against 42 APEC isolates comprising 25 serotypes was assessed in vitro. In vivo protection against APEC was evaluated by air sac challenge with APEC χ7122 (O78:K80), gross pathological lesions were scored, and bacterial loads were enumerated. In a second similar study, birds were orally challenged with S. Kentucky (CVM29188), and feces were enumerated for Salmonella at multiple time points. Vaccination elicited significant LPS-specific antibodies regardless of probiotics (P < 0.0001). Chicks in the P + V group demonstrated increased blood and serum bactericidal abilities against multiple APEC strains in vitro compared with the CON group. Following χ7122 challenge, P+V birds had less APEC in their blood (P < 0.001) and lower signs of airsacculitis (P < 0.01) and pericarditis/perihepatitis (P < 0.05) than CON birds. Finally, only P + V birds were negative for fecal Salmonella at all time points. This study shows this combination treatment may be a feasible method to reduce infection by APEC and Salmonella in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham A J Redweik
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Zachary R Stromberg
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Angelica Van Goor
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Melha Mellata
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Kanabata B, Menck-Costa MF, Souza M, Justino L, Rangel IG, Kobayashi RKT, Nakazato G, Baptista AAS. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Strains of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Avian Cellulitis Lesions. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-0981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Souza
- State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - L Justino
- State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - IG Rangel
- State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Oliveira ES, Cardozo MV, Borzi MM, Borges CA, Guastalli EAL, Ávila FA. Highly Pathogenic and Multidrug Resistant Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli in Free-Range Chickens from Brazil. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - MM Borzi
- São Paulo State University, Brazil
| | | | - EAL Guastalli
- Advanced Center for Technological Research of Poultry Agribusiness, Brazil
| | - FA Ávila
- São Paulo State University, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kürekci C, Osek J, Aydın M, Tekeli İO, Kurpas M, Wieczorek K, Sakin F. Evaluation of bulk tank raw milk and raw chicken meat samples as source of ESBL producingEscherichia coliin Turkey: Recent insights. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Kürekci
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineHatay Mustafa Kemal University Antakya Hatay Turkey
| | - Jacek Osek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal OriginNational Veterinary Research Institute Pulawy Poland
| | - Muhsin Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and LettersAdıyaman University Adıyaman Turkey
| | - İbrahim Ozan Tekeli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineHatay Mustafa Kemal University Antakya Hatay Turkey
| | - Monika Kurpas
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal OriginNational Veterinary Research Institute Pulawy Poland
| | - Kinga Wieczorek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal OriginNational Veterinary Research Institute Pulawy Poland
| | - Fatih Sakin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineHatay Mustafa Kemal University Antakya Hatay Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Silva RMD, Jesus MCD, Macêdo KM, Cardoso VL, Santana JM, Silva IDMMD, Baliza M, Evêncio-Neto J. Colimetric index and virulence genes iss and iutA in Escherichia coli isolates in cellulitis of poultry carcasses under sanitary inspection. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402018000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Current study determines the population of total coliforms and Escherichia coli and identifies iss and iutA virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from cellulitis in poultry carcasses retrieved from a slaughterhouse. One hundred cellulitis lesions were collected between August 2013 and January 2014. The population of total coliforms and Escherichia coli was verified by Petrifilm™ rapid counting method (AOAC 998.8). Escherichia coli samples were analyzed for iss and iutA genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Total coliforms were present in 96.0% (96/100) of the analyzed samples, with a population between 3.4 and 9.5 log CFU/g. Escherichia coli was present in 82.0% (82/100) of cellulitis samples and the population ranged between <1.0 and 9.0 log CFU/g. The iss gene was found in 89.0% of isolates and the iutA gene in 97.6%. High populations of total coliforms and Escherichiacoli in cellulitis samples indicate that hygienic-sanitary failures may have occurred in the production of broilers. When high prevalence of virulence genes under analysis, characteristic of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) and possible zoonotic character of the pathotype are taken into account, it is important to highlight the need to adopt Good Manufacturing Practices, Standard Procedures of Operational Hygiene and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points in poultry slaughterhouses to ensure the safety of the final product.
Collapse
|
26
|
Characterization of Escherichia coli causing cellulitis in broilers. Vet Microbiol 2018; 225:72-78. [PMID: 30322537 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate cellulitis caused by Escherichia coli which has been responsible for economic and welfare problems in Danish broiler production between 2014 and 2016. The study included 13 flocks with unusually high condemnation rates due to cellulitis during a period of approximately one year. From six flocks, 126 condemned carcasses were collected at a Danish slaughterhouse. Further 272 broilers dead on their own were collected on nine broiler farms from flocks with increased mortality and cellulitis (2 farms included both birds from the rearing period and broilers subsequently condemned). All broilers were subjected to post mortem investigation including bacteriology and 247 E. coli isolates were obtained in pure culture from typical lesions of cellulitis. Two-hundred-thirty six E. coli isolates were investigated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis for clonality and 21 selected strains representing major clones were subsequently multi locus sequence typed allowing comparison to sequence types (ST) in the databases. One dominating PFGE type (A) was found to cause cellulitis on all 13 flocks (67% of all isolates). The clone belonged to ST117, which is well described as a pathogen in poultry, and was the primary agent responsible for cellulitis. Whole genome sequencing of eight E. coli isolates confirmed the close genetic relationship between isolates from the outbreaks and showed the presence of genes predicted to encode for the autotransporter proteins aatA, pic and upaG, reported to be of importance for adhesion of E. coli to eukaryotic cells.
Collapse
|
27
|
Hoepers PG, Silva PL, Rossi DA, Valadares Júnior EC, Ferreira BC, Zuffo JP, Koerich PK, Fonseca BB. The association between extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and ampicillin C (AmpC) beta-lactamase genes with multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli isolates recovered from turkeys in Brazil. Br Poult Sci 2018; 59:396-401. [PMID: 29737191 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1468070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between Escherichia coli isolates recovered from turkeys and the expression of beta-lactamase genes, such as extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and ampicillin class C (AmpC). The phenotype of the resistance profile was examined using the association between amoxicillin and ceftiofur resistance. 2. Results showed that 84% from the turkey isolates harboured 4 or 5 genes associated with the CoIV plasmid. In an antibiogram test, 82% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant, the highest levels of resistance being against erythromycin (99%) and amoxicillin (76.1%). ESBL-positive groups were 31% positive for the ctx-m-2 gene, 6.8% were positive for ctx-m-8 and 70% harboured the tem wild gene. 3. All positive isolates from the AmpC beta-lactamase-positive group harboured the cmy-2 gene. The presence of the cmy-2 gene was associated with both the CTX-group genes and resistance to ceftiofur. 4. There was a high prevalence of avian pathogenic E. coli in suspected cases of colibacillosis in turkeys and a high antimicrobial resistance index. The results highlighted the risk of ceftiofur resistance and the presence of both ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase E. coli in the turkey production chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P G Hoepers
- a Veterinary Medicine Department, Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences , Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - P L Silva
- a Veterinary Medicine Department, Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences , Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - D A Rossi
- a Veterinary Medicine Department, Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences , Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - E C Valadares Júnior
- a Veterinary Medicine Department, Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences , Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - B C Ferreira
- a Veterinary Medicine Department, Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences , Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - J P Zuffo
- b Veterinary Medicine Department, Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences , Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina (UDESC) , Lages , Santa Catarina , Brazil
| | - P K Koerich
- c Veterinary Medicine Department, Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - B B Fonseca
- a Veterinary Medicine Department, Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences , Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Genome-Wide Identification of Fitness Factors in Mastitis-Associated Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02190-17. [PMID: 29101196 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02190-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Virulence factors of mammary pathogenic Escherichia coli (MPEC) have not been identified, and it is not known how bacterial gene content influences the severity of mastitis. Here, we report a genome-wide identification of genes that contribute to fitness of MPEC under conditions relevant to the natural history of the disease. A highly virulent clinical isolate (M12) was identified that killed Galleria mellonella at low infectious doses and that replicated to high numbers in mouse mammary glands and spread to spleens. Genome sequencing was combined with transposon insertion site sequencing to identify MPEC genes that contribute to growth in unpasteurized whole milk, as well as during G. mellonella and mouse mastitis infections. These analyses show that strain M12 possesses a unique genomic island encoding a group III polysaccharide capsule that greatly enhances virulence in G. mellonella Several genes appear critical for MPEC survival in both G. mellonella and in mice, including those for nutrient-scavenging systems and resistance to cellular stress. Insertions in the ferric dicitrate receptor gene fecA caused significant fitness defects under all conditions (in milk, G. mellonella, and mice). This gene was highly expressed during growth in milk. Targeted deletion of fecA from strain M12 caused attenuation in G. mellonella larvae and reduced growth in unpasteurized cow's milk and lactating mouse mammary glands. Our results confirm that iron scavenging by the ferric dicitrate receptor, which is strongly associated with MPEC strains, is required for MPEC growth and may influence disease severity in mastitis infections.IMPORTANCE Mastitis caused by E. coli inflicts substantial burdens on the health and productivity of dairy animals. Strains causing mastitis may express genes that distinguish them from other E. coli strains and promote infection of mammary glands, but these have not been identified. Using a highly virulent strain, we employed genome-wide mutagenesis and sequencing to discover genes that contribute to mastitis. This extensive data set represents a screen for mastitis-associated E. coli fitness factors and provides the following contributions to the field: (i) global comparison of genes required for different aspects of mastitis infection, (ii) discovery of a unique capsule that contributes to virulence, and (iii) conclusive evidence for the crucial role of iron-scavenging systems in mastitis, particularly the ferric dicitrate transport system. Similar approaches applied to other mastitis-associated strains will uncover conserved targets for prevention or treatment and provide a better understanding of their relationship to other E. coli pathogens.
Collapse
|
29
|
Phylogenetic Group of Escherichia coli Isolates from Broilers in Brazilian Poultry Slaughterhouse. ScientificWorldJournal 2017; 2017:5898701. [PMID: 29130064 PMCID: PMC5654288 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5898701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the phylogenetic groups of E. coli strains isolated from seemingly healthy broiler and broiler condemned suspected of colibacillosis in a Brazilian slaughterhouse. Samples from respiratory tract and edible giblets (liver and heart) of broilers with and without macroscopic lesions of colibacillosis were collected at slaughter. There were 84 strains isolated from broilers condemned of which 11 were obtained from swabs of the heart, 7 from the liver, and 66 from the respiratory tract. Of the 53 E. coli strains isolated from broilers not condemned, 5 were isolated from the heart, 4 from the liver, and 44 from the respiratory tract. E coli strains were tested via PCR for phylogenetic groups A, B1, B2, C, D, E, and F. Phylogroups A and B1 were the most common phylogroups of E. coli obtained from healthy and sick-appearing broiler carcasses. The results of the study showed that phylogroups B2 and E were associated with the heart samples and phylogroup A was associated with respiratory tract samples, phylogroup B1 with not condemned carcass, and phylogroup D with liver samples.
Collapse
|
30
|
Van Goor A, Stromberg ZR, Mellata M. A recombinant multi-antigen vaccine with broad protection potential against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183929. [PMID: 28837660 PMCID: PMC5570496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickens are a major source of protein worldwide, yet infectious diseases continue to threaten the poultry industry. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), a subgroup of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), causes colibacillosis in chickens resulting in economic loss because of treatment, condemnation of products, and death. In this study, we evaluated a recombinant antigens (rAg) vaccine combining common ExPEC surface proteins EtsC, OmpA, OmpT, and TraT for broad protective potential against APEC infections in chickens. The specific objectives were to evaluate antibody (serum) and cytokines (lymphoid organs) responses to vaccination; in vitro bactericidal ability of serum and splenocytes against multiple APEC serotypes; and in vivo protection against APEC challenge in chickens. Groups of four-day old chickens (N = 10) were vaccinated twice (two-week interval) subcutaneously with rAgs alone or in combination and CpG adjuvant or PBS (control). IgY antibody in the serum and mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, IFN-γ, IL-4, IFN-β, and IL-8 in bursa, spleen, and thymus were measured using ELISA and RT-qPCR, respectively. Serum and splenocytes were tested for their bactericidal ability in vitro against multiple APEC isolates. Vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens were challenged with 108 CFU of APEC-O2 via air sac at 31 days post first vaccination. Vaccine protection was determined by the decrease of bacterial loads in blood and organs (lung, heart, spleen, and liver), as well as gross colibacillosis lesion scores in air sac, heart, and liver. Vaccination significantly (P < 0.05) elicited IgY against specific antigens, induced immune related mRNA expression in the spleen and bursa, reduced in vitro growth of multiple APEC serotypes, and decreased bacterial loads in the heart and spleen, and gross lesion scores of the air sac, heart and liver in chickens. The vaccine reported may be used to provide broad protection against APEC strains, increasing animal welfare and food production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Van Goor
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Zachary R. Stromberg
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Melha Mellata
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Barbieri NL, Vande Vorde JA, Baker AR, Horn F, Li G, Logue CM, Nolan LK. FNR Regulates the Expression of Important Virulence Factors Contributing to the Pathogenicity of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:265. [PMID: 28690981 PMCID: PMC5481319 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the etiologic agent of colibacillosis, an important cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry. Though, many virulence factors associated with APEC pathogenicity are known, their regulation remains unclear. FNR (fumarate and nitrate reduction) is a well-known global regulator that works as an oxygen sensor and has previously been described as a virulence regulator in bacterial pathogens. The goal of this study was to examine the role of FNR in the regulation of APEC virulence factors, such as Type I fimbriae, and processes such as adherence and invasion, type VI secretion, survival during oxidative stress, and growth in iron-restricted environments. To accomplish this goal, APEC O1, a well-characterized, highly virulent, and fully sequenced strain of APEC harboring multiple virulence mechanisms, some of which are plasmid-linked, was compared to its FNR mutant for expression of various virulence traits. Deletion of FNR was found to affect APEC O1's adherence, invasion and expression of ompT, a plasmid-encoded outer membrane protein, type I fimbriae, and aatA, encoding an autotransporter. Indeed, the fnr− mutant showed an 8-fold reduction in expression of type I fimbriae and a highly significant (P < 0.0001) reduction in expression of fimA, ompT (plasmid-borne), and aatA. FNR was also found to regulate expression of the type VI secretion system, affecting the expression of vgrG. Further, FNR was found to be important to APEC O1's growth in iron-deficient media and survival during oxidative stress with the mutant showing a 4-fold decrease in tolerance to oxidative stress, as compared to the wild type. Thus, our results suggest that FNR functions as an important regulator of APEC virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle L Barbieri
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, United States
| | - Jessica A Vande Vorde
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, United States
| | - Alison R Baker
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, United States
| | - Fabiana Horn
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ganwu Li
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, United States
| | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, United States
| | - Lisa K Nolan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State UniversityAmes, IA, United States.,Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaAthens, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lima Barbieri N, Nielsen DW, Wannemuehler Y, Cavender T, Hussein A, Yan SG, Nolan LK, Logue CM. mcr-1 identified in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172997. [PMID: 28264015 PMCID: PMC5338808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance associated with colistin has emerged as a significant concern worldwide threatening the use of one of the most important antimicrobials for treating human disease. Here, we examined a collection (n = 980) of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from poultry with colibacillosis from the US and internationally for the presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2, genes known to encode colistin resistance. Included in the analysis was an additional set of avian fecal E. coli (AFEC) (n = 220) isolates from healthy birds for comparative analysis. The mcr-1 gene was detected in a total of 12 isolates recovered from diseased production birds from China and Egypt. No mcr genes were detected in the healthy fecal isolates. The full mcr-1 gene from positive isolates was sequenced using specifically designed primers and were compared with sequences currently described in NCBI. mcr-1 positive isolates were also assessed for phenotypic colistin resistance and extended spectrum beta lactam phenotypes and genotypes. This study has identified mcr-1 in APEC isolates dating back to at least 2010 and suggests that animal husbandry practices could result in a potential source of resistance to the human food chain in countries where application of colistin in animal health is practiced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Lima Barbieri
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1802 University Blvd; VMRI #5 Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Daniel W. Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1802 University Blvd; VMRI #5 Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Yvonne Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1802 University Blvd; VMRI #5 Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Tia Cavender
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1802 University Blvd; VMRI #5 Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Ashraf Hussein
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shi-gan Yan
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Lisa K. Nolan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1802 University Blvd; VMRI #5 Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Catherine M. Logue
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1802 University Blvd; VMRI #5 Ames, IA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Maciel JF, Matter LB, Trindade MM, Camillo G, Lovato M, de Ávila Botton S, Castagna de Vargas A. Virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of extraintestinal Escherichia coli isolated from an avian colisepticemia outbreak. Microb Pathog 2017; 103:119-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
34
|
Free-Ranging Frigates (Fregata magnificens) of the Southeast Coast of Brazil Harbor Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Resistant to Antimicrobials. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148624. [PMID: 26845679 PMCID: PMC4742468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Seabirds may be responsible for the spread of pathogenic/resistant organisms over great distances, playing a relevant role within the context of the One World, One Health concept. Diarrheagenic E. coli strains, known as STEC (shiga toxin-producing E. coli), and the extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC and the subpathotype APEC), are among the E. coli pathotypes with zoonotic potential associated with the birds. In order to identify health threats carried by frigates and to evaluate the anthropic influence on the southern coast of Brazil, the aim of this work was to characterize E. coli isolated from free-ranging frigates in relation to virulence genotypes, serotypes, phylogenetic groups and antimicrobial resistance. Cloacal and choanal swabs were sampled from 38 Fregata magnificens from two oceanic islands and one rescue center. Forty-three E. coli strains were recovered from 33 out of the 38 birds (86.8%); 88.4% of strains showed some of the virulence genes (VGs) searched, 48.8% contained three or more VGs. None of the strains presented VGs related to EPEC/STEC. Some of the isolates showed virulence genotypes, phylogenetic groups and serotypes of classical human ExPEC or APEC (O2:H7, O1:H6, ONT:H7, O25:H4). Regarding antimicrobial susceptibility, 62.8% showed resistance, and 11.6% (5/43) were multidrug-resistant. The E. coli present in the intestines of the frigates may reflect the environmental human impact on southeast coast of Brazil; they may also represent an unexplored threat for seabird species, especially considering the overlap of pathogenic potential and antimicrobial resistance present in these strains.
Collapse
|
35
|
De Carli S, Ikuta N, Lehmann FKM, da Silveira VP, de Melo Predebon G, Fonseca ASK, Lunge VR. Virulence gene content in Escherichia coli isolates from poultry flocks with clinical signs of colibacillosis in Brazil. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2635-40. [PMID: 26371329 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a commensal bacterium of the bird's intestinal tract, but it can invade different tissues resulting in systemic symptoms (colibacillosis). This disease occurs only when the E. coli infecting strain presents virulence factors (encoded by specific genes) that enable the adhesion and proliferation in the host organism. Thus, it is important to differentiate pathogenic (APEC, avian pathogenic E. coli) and non-pathogenic or fecal (AFEC, avian fecal E. coli) isolates. Previous studies analyzed the occurrence of virulence factors in E. coli strains isolated from birds with colibacillosis, demonstrating a high frequency of the bacterial genes cvaC, iroN, iss, iutA, sitA, tsh, fyuA, irp-2, ompT and hlyF in pathogenic strains. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence and frequency of these virulence genes in E. coli isolated from poultry flocks in Brazil. A total of 138 isolates of E. coli was obtained from samples of different tissues and/or organs (spleen, liver, kidney, trachea, lungs, skin, ovary, oviduct, intestine, cloaca) and environmental swabs collected from chicken and turkey flocks suspected to have colibacillosis in farms from the main Brazilian producing regions. Total DNA was extracted and the 10 virulence genes were detected by traditional and/or real-time PCR. At least 11 samples of each gene were sequenced and compared to reference strains. All 10 virulence factors were detected in Brazilian E. coli isolates, with frequencies ranging from 39.9% (irp-2) to 68.8% (hlyF and sitA). Moreover, a high nucleotide similarity (over 99%) was observed between gene sequences of Brazilian isolates and reference strains. Seventy-nine isolates were defined as pathogenic (APEC) and 59 as fecal (AFEC) based on previously described criteria. In conclusion, the main virulence genes of the reference E. coli strains are also present in isolates associated with colibacillosis in Brazil. The analysis of this set of virulence factors can be used to differentiate between APEC and AFEC isolates in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia De Carli
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, Prédio 22, Sala 312, Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Nilo Ikuta
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, Prédio 22, Sala 312, Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil Simbios Biotecnologia, Rua Cai, 541, Vila Princesa Izabel, CEP 94940-030, Cachoeirinha, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Kieling Moreira Lehmann
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, Prédio 22, Sala 312, Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Proença da Silveira
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, Prédio 22, Sala 312, Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Melo Predebon
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, Prédio 22, Sala 312, Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha, 8001, Prédio 22, Sala 312, Bairro São José, CEP 92425-900, Canoas, RS, Brazil Simbios Biotecnologia, Rua Cai, 541, Vila Princesa Izabel, CEP 94940-030, Cachoeirinha, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Prevalence of ColV Plasmid-Linked Genes andIn VivoPathogenicity of Avian Strains ofEscherichia coli. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:679-85. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
37
|
Matter LB, Spricigo DA, Tasca C, Vargas ACD. Invasin gimB found in a bovine intestinal Escherichia coli with an adherent and invasive profile. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:875-8. [PMID: 26413073 PMCID: PMC4568875 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246320140621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasin gimB (genetic island associated with human newborn
meningitis) is usually found in ExPEC (Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia
coli) such as UPEC (uropathogenic E. coli), NMEC
(neonatal meningitis E. coli) and APEC (avian pathogenic E.
coli). In NMEC, gimB is associated with the invasion
process of the host cells. Due to the importance of E. coli as a
zoonotic agent and the scarce information about the frequency of
gimB-carrying strains in different animal species, the aim of
this study was to investigate the presence of gimB in isolates from
bovine, swine, canine and feline clinical samples. PCR was conducted on 196 isolates
and the identity of the amplicons was confirmed by sequencing. Of the samples tested,
only E. coli SB278/94 from a bovine specimen was positive (1/47) for
gimB, which represents 2.1% of the bovine isolates. The ability
of SB278/94 to adhere to and invade eukaryotic cells was confirmed by adherence and
gentamicin-protection assays using HeLa cells. This is the first study that
investigates for gimB in bovine, canine and feline E.
coli isolates and shows E. coli from the
intestinal-bovine samples harboring gimB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia B Matter
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Denis A Spricigo
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Caiane Tasca
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Agueda C de Vargas
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ikuta N, De Oliveira Solla Sobral F, Lehmann FKM, da Silveira PV, de Carli S, Casanova YS, Celmer ÁJ, Fonseca ASK, Lunge VR. Taqman real-time PCR assays for rapid detection of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates. Avian Dis 2015; 58:628-31. [PMID: 25619009 DOI: 10.1637/10871-052414-resnote.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates are currently differentiated from nonpathogenic strains by classical PCR of virulence genes. This study improves the detection of the five main virulence genes used for APEC detection with the development of duplex and single Taqman real-time PCR to these targets. Primers and probes targeted to ompT, hlyF, iroN, iutA, and iss genes were designed and used in the implementation of single (iss) and duplex (hlyF/ompT and iroN/iutA) Taqman PCR assays. All five virulence genes of E coli strains were successfully detected by classical and Taqman real-time (single and duplex) PCR. A panel of 111 E coli isolates, obtained from avian samples collected in different Brazilian regions between 2010 and 2011, were further tested by both assays. Complete agreement was observed in the detection of four genes, ompT, hlyF, iron, iutA, but not for iss. This issue was addressed by combining the forward primer of the classical PCR to the new iss reverse primer and probe, resulting in complete agreement for all five genes. In total, 61 (55%) Brazilian E. coli isolates were detected as APEC, and the remaining 50 (45%) as avian fecal E. coli (AFEC). In conclusion, classical and Taqman real-time PCR presented exactly the same analytical performance for the differentiation of APEC and AFEC isolates. The developed real-time Taqman PCR assays could be used for the detection and differentiation of APEC isolates.
Collapse
|
39
|
Rees EE, Davidson J, Fairbrother JM, St. Hilaire S, Saab M, McClure JT. Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli in Oysters and Mussels from Atlantic Canada. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:164-9. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Rees
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Jeff Davidson
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - John Morris Fairbrother
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli (EcL), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sophie St. Hilaire
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Matthew Saab
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - J T. McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Barbieri NL, de Oliveira AL, Tejkowski TM, Pavanelo DB, Matter LB, Pinheiro SRS, Vaz TMI, Nolan LK, Logue CM, de Brito BG, Horn F. Molecular characterization and clonal relationships among Escherichia coli strains isolated from broiler chickens with colisepticemia. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 12:74-83. [PMID: 25514382 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterized 52 Escherichia coli isolates from distinct diseased organs of 29 broiler chickens with clinical symptoms of colibacillosis in the Southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Thirty-eight isolates were highly virulent and 14 were virtually avirulent in 1-day-old chicks, yet all isolates harbored virulence factors characteristic of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), including those related to adhesion, iron acquisition, and serum resistance. E. coli reference collection phylogenetic typing showed that isolates belonged mostly to group D (39%), followed by group A (29%), group B1 (17%), and group B2 (15%). Phylogenetic analyses using the Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis and pulse-field gel electrophoresis methods were used to discriminate among isolates displaying the same serotype, revealing that five birds were infected with two distinct APEC strains. Among the 52 avian isolates, 2 were members of the pandemic E. coli O25:H4-B2-ST131 clone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolle Lima Barbieri
- 1 Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Virulence Genes Content and Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli from Broiler Chickens. Vet Med Int 2014; 2014:195189. [PMID: 25506467 PMCID: PMC4259055 DOI: 10.1155/2014/195189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 121 E. coli strains were isolated from broiler chickens (96 extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) strains from diseased broiler chickens and 25 avian fecal E. coli (AFEC) from healthy ones). Ten of the isolates (6 from diseased chickens and 4 from healthy birds) were serogrouped and 25 were examined for 4 virulence markers (tsh, papC, colV, and iss genes) as well as for their antimicrobial resistance. Five strains were nontypable and the rest were serotyped as follows: O86:K61 (2/5), O78:K80 (1/5), and O128:K67 (1/5) were recovered from diseased chickens, while O111:K58 strain (1/4) was isolated from healthy ones. The iss gene was found in 72.2% of the examined ExPEC strains in contrast to zero percentages (0%) in the AFEC strains, which may serve as a good marker for distinguishing APEC and its knocking out may help in creation of candidate vaccine that may prove sucess in elimination of infections in broiler chickens. Antimicrobial resistance patterns revealed a complete resistance to gentamicin, pefloxacin, amoxicillin, and enrofloxacin among examined strains followed by varying degrees of resistance for the rest of tested agents. The highest resistance was recorded against norfloxacin, in 24 isolates (96%), in contrast to the lowest resistance was recorded against colistin sulphate, in 14 strains (56%). These findings suggest the need for the prudent use of antimicrobials with broiler chickens and act as a warrant for the possibility of avian sources to transmit these resistant isolates to humans.
Collapse
|
42
|
Collingwood C, Kemmett K, Williams N, Wigley P. Is the Concept of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli as a Single Pathotype Fundamentally Flawed? Front Vet Sci 2014; 1:5. [PMID: 26664913 PMCID: PMC4668852 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2014.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a major pathogen within the poultry industry. However disease, especially in broiler chickens, may be caused by range of E. coli genotypes that carry few, if any, virulence factors associated with APEC. Furthermore, commensal E. coli in the intestines of healthy birds may carry an array of APEC virulence factors suggesting they have potential to cause disease when opportunity arises. Given the diseases caused by APEC, namely colibacillosis and salpingitis peritonitis syndrome, are syndromic in nature and the great diversity of the strains causing disease we suggest it is wrong to consider disease as the result of a single APEC pathotype. Whilst it is clear certain pathogenic E. coli can be considered as APEC, much of the disease-associated with E. coli in domestic poultry is as much a consequence of increased host susceptibility due to stress, immunosuppression, co-infection, or poor welfare. This leads to more “opportunistic” infections rather than the result of infection with a specific pathotype. As such the current use of the term APEC for all cases of E. coli infection in the chicken is fundamentally flawed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Collingwood
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool , Neston , UK
| | - Kirsty Kemmett
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool , Neston , UK
| | - Nicola Williams
- Department Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool , Neston , UK
| | - Paul Wigley
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool , Neston , UK
| |
Collapse
|