1
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Dubois E, Boisnard S, Bourbon HM, Yefsah K, Budin K, Debuchy R, Zhang L, Kleckner N, Zickler D, Espagne E. Canonical and noncanonical roles of Hop1 are crucial for meiotic prophase in the fungus Sordaria macrospora. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002705. [PMID: 38950075 PMCID: PMC11244814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
We show here that in the fungus Sordaria macrospora, the meiosis-specific HORMA-domain protein Hop1 is not essential for the basic early events of chromosome axis development, recombination initiation, or recombination-mediated homolog coalignment/pairing. In striking contrast, Hop1 plays a critical role at the leptotene/zygotene transition which is defined by transition from pairing to synaptonemal complex (SC) formation. During this transition, Hop1 is required for maintenance of normal axis structure, formation of SC from telomere to telomere, and development of recombination foci. These hop1Δ mutant defects are DSB dependent and require Sme4/Zip1-mediated progression of the interhomolog interaction program, potentially via a pre-SC role. The same phenotype occurs not only in hop1Δ but also in absence of the cohesin Rec8 and in spo76-1, a non-null mutant of cohesin-associated Spo76/Pds5. Thus, Hop1 and cohesins collaborate at this crucial step of meiotic prophase. In addition, analysis of 4 non-null mutants that lack this transition defect reveals that Hop1 also plays important roles in modulation of axis length, homolog-axis juxtaposition, interlock resolution, and spreading of the crossover interference signal. Finally, unexpected variations in crossover density point to the existence of effects that both enhance and limit crossover formation. Links to previously described roles of the protein in other organisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Dubois
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphanie Boisnard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Henri-Marc Bourbon
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology Unit, Université Fédérale de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Kenza Yefsah
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Karine Budin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Robert Debuchy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Liangran Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nancy Kleckner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Denise Zickler
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Eric Espagne
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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2
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Aboobucker SI, Zhou L, Lübberstedt T. Haploid male fertility is restored by parallel spindle genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:214-218. [PMID: 36624258 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Doubled haploid technology can accelerate plant breeding and its two main steps are haploid induction and subsequent doubled haploid production from fertile haploid plants. Although haploid female fertility is present to some extent in plants, the lack of haploid male fertility is a bottleneck. Herein, we demonstrate that mutations in the parallel spindle genes are sufficient to restore haploid male fertility in Arabidopsis with no impact on haploid female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liming Zhou
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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3
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A genetic mechanism to restore haploid male fertility in Arabidopsis - an alternative to chemical methods. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:205-206. [PMID: 36646833 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
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4
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OsRAD51 Plays a Vital Role in Promoting Homologous Recombination in Rice Meiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179906. [PMID: 36077304 PMCID: PMC9456343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination plays a pivotal role in achieving accurate chromosomal segregation and increasing genetic diversity. In the homologous recombination pathway, the detailed mechanisms of how OsRAD51 and OsDMC1 work in rice meiosis remain to be explored. Here, we obtained different types of mutants for Osrad51a1, Osrad51a2, Osdmc1a, and Osdmc1b through CRISPR/Cas9. Both Osrad51a1 and Osrad51a2 exhibited normal vegetative growth and fertility. Osrad51 (Osrad51a1 Osrad51a2) mutant plants show normal vegetative growth but exhibit complete sterility, indicating that OsRAD51A1 and OsRAD51A2 are functionally redundant in rice fertility. In contrast to the wild type, Osrad51 chromosomes are not paired perfectly at pachytene and synaptonemal complex (SC) formation is deficient. Moreover, univalents and multivalent associations were observed at metaphase I, chromosome fragments presented at anaphase I, and crossover formation is basically suppressed in Osrad51 pollen mother cells (PMCs). OsRAD51 foci emerge at leptotene and disappear from late pachytene and chromosome localization of OsRAD51 depends on the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs). Most OsRAD51 foci can co-localize with OsDMC1 signals. OsRAD51 is essential for the loading of OsDMC1 onto chromosomes, and vice versa. In addition, both OsRAD51 and OsDMC1 can interact with OsFIGL1 and OsBRCA2, two important components in rice meiosis. Moreover, the Osrad51 Osdmc1 (Osrad51a1 Osrad51a2 Osdmc1a Osdmc1b) quadruple mutant PMCs exhibited similar defective phenotypes as Osrad51 in homologous pairing, synapsis, and DSB repair. Taken together, our results suggest that the recombinases DMC1 and RAD51 may functionally depend on each other and play important roles in meiotic recombination during meiosis in rice.
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5
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Yelina NE, Holland D, Gonzalez-Jorge S, Hirsz D, Yang Z, Henderson IR. Coexpression of MEIOTIC-TOPOISOMERASE VIB-dCas9 with guide RNAs specific to a recombination hotspot is insufficient to increase crossover frequency in Arabidopsis. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac105. [PMID: 35485960 PMCID: PMC9258527 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair and recombine, which can result in reciprocal crossovers that increase genetic diversity. Crossovers are unevenly distributed along eukaryote chromosomes and show repression in heterochromatin and the centromeres. Within the chromosome arms, crossovers are often concentrated in hotspots, which are typically in the kilobase range. The uneven distribution of crossovers along chromosomes, together with their low number per meiosis, creates a limitation during crop breeding, where recombination can be beneficial. Therefore, targeting crossovers to specific genome locations has the potential to accelerate crop improvement. In plants, meiotic crossovers are initiated by DNA double-strand breaks that are catalyzed by SPO11 complexes, which consist of 2 catalytic (SPO11-1 and SPO11-2) and 2 noncatalytic subunits (MTOPVIB). We used the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to coexpress an MTOPVIB-dCas9 fusion protein with guide RNAs specific to the 3a crossover hotspot. We observed that this was insufficient to significantly change meiotic crossover frequency or pattern within 3a. We discuss the implications of our findings for targeting meiotic recombination within plant genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya E Yelina
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Science Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Daniel Holland
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | | | - Dominique Hirsz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
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6
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Underwood CJ, Mercier R. Engineering Apomixis: Clonal Seeds Approaching the Fields. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:201-225. [PMID: 35138881 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-102720-013958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Apomixis is a form of reproduction leading to clonal seeds and offspring that are genetically identical to the maternal plant. While apomixis naturally occurs in hundreds of plant species distributed across diverse plant families, it is absent in major crop species. Apomixis has a revolutionary potential in plant breeding, as it could allow the instant fixation and propagation though seeds of any plant genotype, most notably F1 hybrids. Mastering and implementing apomixis would reduce the cost of hybrid seed production, facilitate new types of hybrid breeding, and make it possible to harness hybrid vigor in crops that are not presently cultivated as hybrids. Synthetic apomixis can be engineered by combining modifications of meiosis and fertilization. Here, we review the current knowledge and recent major achievements toward the development of efficient apomictic systems usable in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Underwood
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany; ,
| | - Raphael Mercier
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany; ,
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7
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Shang Y, Tan T, Fan C, Nie H, Wang Y, Yang X, Zhai B, Wang S, Zhang L. Meiotic chromosome organization and crossover patterns. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:275-288. [PMID: 35191959 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is the foundation of sexual reproduction, and crossover recombination is one hallmark of meiosis. Crossovers establish the physical connections between homolog chromosomes (homologs) for their proper segregation and exchange DNA between homologs to promote genetic diversity in gametes and thus progenies. Aberrant crossover patterns, e.g. absence of the obligatory crossover, are the leading cause of infertility, miscarriage, and congenital disease. Therefore, crossover patterns have to be tightly controlled. During meiosis, loop/axis organized chromosomes provide the structural basis and regulatory machinery for crossover patterning. Accumulating evidence shows that chromosome axis length regulates not only the numbers but also the positions of crossovers. In addition, recent studies suggest that alterations in axis length and the resultant alterations in crossover frequency may contribute to evolutionary adaptation. Here, current advances regarding these issues are reviewed, the possible mechanisms for axis length regulating crossover frequency are discussed, and important issues that need further investigations are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Shang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Taicong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, China
| | - Cunxian Fan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Hui Nie
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Binyuan Zhai
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shunxin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Liangran Zhang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
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8
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Farahani-Tafreshi Y, Wei C, Gan P, Daradur J, Riggs CD, Hasenkampf CA. The Arabidopsis HOP2 gene has a role in preventing illegitimate connections between nonhomologous chromosome regions. Chromosome Res 2022; 30:59-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10577-021-09681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Yuan J, Shi G, Yang Y, Braynen J, Shi X, Wei X, Hao Z, Zhang X, Yuan Y, Tian B, Xie Z, Wei F. Non-homologous chromosome pairing during meiosis in haploid Brassica rapa. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2421-2434. [PMID: 34542669 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cytological observations of chromosome pairing showed that evolutionarily genome duplication might reshape non-homologous pairing during meiosis in haploid B. rapa. A vast number of flowering plants have evolutionarily undergone whole genome duplication (WGD) event. Typically, Brassica rapa is currently considered as an evolutionary mesohexaploid, which has more complicated genomic constitution among flowering plants. In this study, we demonstrated chromosome behaviors in haploid B. rapa to understand how meiosis proceeds in presence of a single homolog. The findings showed that a diploid-like chromosome pairing was generally adapted during meiosis in haploid B. rapa. Non-homologous chromosomes in haploid cells paired at a high-frequency at metaphase I, over 50% of examined meiocytes showed at least three pairs of bivalents then equally segregated at anaphase I during meiosis. The fluorescence immunostaining showed that the cytoskeletal configurations were mostly well-organized during meiosis. Moreover, the expressed genes identified at meiosis in floral development was rather similar between haploid and diploid B. rapa, especially the expression of known hallmark genes pivotal to chromosome synapsis and homologous recombination were mostly in haploid B. rapa. Whole-genome duplication evolutionarily homology of genomic segments might be an important reason for this phenomenon, which would reshape the first division course of meiosis and influence pollen development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Gongyao Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Janeen Braynen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xinjie Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Zhuolin Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yuxiang Yuan
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate T & R Base of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhengqing Xie
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Fang Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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10
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Soares NR, Mollinari M, Oliveira GK, Pereira GS, Vieira MLC. Meiosis in Polyploids and Implications for Genetic Mapping: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101517. [PMID: 34680912 PMCID: PMC8535482 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cytogenetic studies have provided essential knowledge on chromosome behavior during meiosis, contributing to our understanding of this complex process. In this review, we describe in detail the meiotic process in auto- and allopolyploids from the onset of prophase I through pairing, recombination, and bivalent formation, highlighting recent findings on the genetic control and mode of action of specific proteins that lead to diploid-like meiosis behavior in polyploid species. During the meiosis of newly formed polyploids, related chromosomes (homologous in autopolyploids; homologous and homoeologous in allopolyploids) can combine in complex structures called multivalents. These structures occur when multiple chromosomes simultaneously pair, synapse, and recombine. We discuss the effectiveness of crossover frequency in preventing multivalent formation and favoring regular meiosis. Homoeologous recombination in particular can generate new gene (locus) combinations and phenotypes, but it may destabilize the karyotype and lead to aberrant meiotic behavior, reducing fertility. In crop species, understanding the factors that control pairing and recombination has the potential to provide plant breeders with resources to make fuller use of available chromosome variations in number and structure. We focused on wheat and oilseed rape, since there is an abundance of elucidating studies on this subject, including the molecular characterization of the Ph1 (wheat) and PrBn (oilseed rape) loci, which are known to play a crucial role in regulating meiosis. Finally, we exploited the consequences of chromosome pairing and recombination for genetic map construction in polyploids, highlighting two case studies of complex genomes: (i) modern sugarcane, which has a man-made genome harboring two subgenomes with some recombinant chromosomes; and (ii) hexaploid sweet potato, a naturally occurring polyploid. The recent inclusion of allelic dosage information has improved linkage estimation in polyploids, allowing multilocus genetic maps to be constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Reis Soares
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-918, Brazil; (N.R.S.); (G.K.O.); (G.S.P.)
| | - Marcelo Mollinari
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7566, USA;
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7555, USA
| | - Gleicy K. Oliveira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-918, Brazil; (N.R.S.); (G.K.O.); (G.S.P.)
| | - Guilherme S. Pereira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-918, Brazil; (N.R.S.); (G.K.O.); (G.S.P.)
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Carneiro Vieira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-918, Brazil; (N.R.S.); (G.K.O.); (G.S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Bhowmik P, Bilichak A. Advances in Gene Editing of Haploid Tissues in Crops. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1410. [PMID: 34573392 PMCID: PMC8468125 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging threats of climate change require the rapid development of improved varieties with a higher tolerance to abiotic and biotic factors. Despite the success of traditional agricultural practices, novel techniques for precise manipulation of the crop's genome are needed. Doubled haploid (DH) methods have been used for decades in major crops to fix desired alleles in elite backgrounds in a short time. DH plants are also widely used for mapping of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs), marker-assisted selection (MAS), genomic selection (GS), and hybrid production. Recent discoveries of genes responsible for haploid induction (HI) allowed engineering this trait through gene editing (GE) in non-inducer varieties of different crops. Direct editing of gametes or haploid embryos increases GE efficiency by generating null homozygous plants following chromosome doubling. Increased understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms responsible for spontaneous chromosome doubling in haploid plants may allow transferring this trait to different elite varieties. Overall, further improvement in the efficiency of the DH technology combined with the optimized GE could accelerate breeding efforts of the major crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhowmik
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada;
| | - Andriy Bilichak
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden, MB R6M 1Y5, Canada
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12
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Cuacos M, Lambing C, Pachon-Penalba M, Osman K, Armstrong SJ, Henderson IR, Sanchez-Moran E, Franklin FCH, Heckmann S. Meiotic chromosome axis remodelling is critical for meiotic recombination in Brassica rapa. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3012-3027. [PMID: 33502451 PMCID: PMC8023211 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis generates genetic variation through homologous recombination (HR) that is harnessed during breeding. HR occurs in the context of meiotic chromosome axes and the synaptonemal complex. To study the role of axis remodelling in crossover (CO) formation in a crop species, we characterized mutants of the axis-associated protein ASY1 and the axis-remodelling protein PCH2 in Brassica rapa. asy1 plants form meiotic chromosome axes that fail to synapse. CO formation is almost abolished, and residual chiasmata are proportionally enriched in terminal chromosome regions, particularly in the nucleolar organizing region (NOR)-carrying chromosome arm. pch2 plants show impaired ASY1 loading and remodelling, consequently achieving only partial synapsis, which leads to reduced CO formation and loss of the obligatory CO. PCH2-independent chiasmata are proportionally enriched towards distal chromosome regions. Similarly, in Arabidopsis pch2, COs are increased towards telomeric regions at the expense of (peri-) centromeric COs compared with the wild type. Taken together, in B. rapa, axis formation and remodelling are critical for meiotic fidelity including synapsis and CO formation, and in asy1 and pch2 CO distributions are altered. While asy1 plants are sterile, pch2 plants are semi-sterile and thus PCH2 could be an interesting target for breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cuacos
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Christophe Lambing
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | | | - Kim Osman
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Susan J Armstrong
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | | | | | - Stefan Heckmann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
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13
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Nageswaran DC, Kim J, Lambing C, Kim J, Park J, Kim EJ, Cho HS, Kim H, Byun D, Park YM, Kuo P, Lee S, Tock AJ, Zhao X, Hwang I, Choi K, Henderson IR. HIGH CROSSOVER RATE1 encodes PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE X1 and restricts meiotic crossovers in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:452-467. [PMID: 33846593 PMCID: PMC7610654 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic crossovers are tightly restricted in most eukaryotes, despite an excess of initiating DNA double-strand breaks. The majority of plant crossovers are dependent on class I interfering repair, with a minority formed via the class II pathway. Class II repair is limited by anti-recombination pathways; however, similar pathways repressing class I crossovers have not been identified. Here, we performed a forward genetic screen in Arabidopsis using fluorescent crossover reporters to identify mutants with increased or decreased recombination frequency. We identified HIGH CROSSOVER RATE1 (HCR1) as repressing crossovers and encoding PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE X1. Genome-wide analysis showed that hcr1 crossovers are increased in the distal chromosome arms. MLH1 foci significantly increase in hcr1 and crossover interference decreases, demonstrating an effect on class I repair. Consistently, yeast two-hybrid and in planta assays show interaction between HCR1 and class I proteins, including HEI10, PTD, MSH5 and MLH1. We propose that HCR1 plays a major role in opposition to pro-recombination kinases to restrict crossovers in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaeil Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Juhyun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seob Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohwan Byun
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Mi Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Pallas Kuo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Seungchul Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew J Tock
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ildoo Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuha Choi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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14
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Hatkevich T, Miller DE, Turcotte CA, Miller MC, Sekelsky J. A pathway for error-free non-homologous end joining of resected meiotic double-strand breaks. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:879-890. [PMID: 33406239 PMCID: PMC7826270 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) made during meiosis are repaired by recombination with the homologous chromosome to generate, at selected sites, reciprocal crossovers that are critical for the proper separation of homologs in the first meiotic division. Backup repair processes can compensate when the normal meiotic recombination processes are non-functional. We describe a novel backup repair mechanism that occurs when the homologous chromosome is not available in Drosophila melanogaster meiosis. In the presence of a previously described mutation (Mcm5A7) that disrupts chromosome pairing, DSB repair is initiated by homologous recombination but is completed by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Remarkably, this process yields precise repair products. Our results provide support for a recombination intermediate recently proposed in mouse meiosis, in which an oligonucleotide bound to the Spo11 protein that catalyzes DSB formation remains bound after resection. We propose that this oligonucleotide functions as a primer for fill-in synthesis to allow scarless repair by NHEJ. We argue that this is a conserved repair mechanism that is likely to be invoked to overcome occasional challenges in normal meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Hatkevich
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, 120 Mason Farm Road, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Danny E Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Carolyn A Turcotte
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, 120 Mason Farm Road, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Margaret C Miller
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeff Sekelsky
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, 120 Mason Farm Road, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Integrative Program in Biological and Genome Sciences, 250 Bell Tower Drive, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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15
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Abstract
Meiosis is the basis of the generative reproduction of eukaryotes. The crucial first step is homologous chromosome pairing. In higher eukaryotes, micrometer-scale chromosomes, micrometer distances apart, are brought together by nanometer DNA sequences, at least a factor of 1000 size difference. Models of homology search, homologue movement, and pairing at the DNA level in higher eukaryotes are primarily based on studies with yeast where the emphasis is on the induction and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). For such a model, the very large nuclei of most plants and animals present serious problems. Homology search without DSBs cannot be explained by models based on DSB repair. The movement of homologues to meet each other and make contact at the molecular level is not understood. These problems are discussed and the conclusion is that at present practically nothing is known of meiotic homologue pairing in higher eukaryotes up to the formation of the synaptonemal complex, and that new, necessarily speculative models must be developed. Arguments are given that RNA plays a central role in homology search and a tentative model involving RNA in homology search is presented. A role of actin in homologue movement is proposed. The primary role of DSBs in higher eukaryotes is concluded to not be in paring but in the preparation of Holliday junctions, ultimately leading to chromatid exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sybenga
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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16
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ASY1 acts as a dosage-dependent antagonist of telomere-led recombination and mediates crossover interference in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:13647-13658. [PMID: 32499315 PMCID: PMC7306779 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921055117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, interhomolog recombination produces crossovers and noncrossovers to create genetic diversity. Meiotic recombination frequency varies at multiple scales, with high subtelomeric recombination and suppressed centromeric recombination typical in many eukaryotes. During recombination, sister chromatids are tethered as loops to a polymerized chromosome axis, which, in plants, includes the ASY1 HORMA domain protein and REC8-cohesin complexes. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we show an ascending telomere-to-centromere gradient of ASY1 enrichment, which correlates strongly with REC8-cohesin ChIP-seq data. We mapped crossovers genome-wide in the absence of ASY1 and observe that telomere-led recombination becomes dominant. Surprisingly, asy1/+ heterozygotes also remodel crossovers toward subtelomeric regions at the expense of the pericentromeres. Telomeric recombination increases in asy1/+ occur in distal regions where ASY1 and REC8 ChIP enrichment are lowest in wild type. In wild type, the majority of crossovers show interference, meaning that they are more widely spaced along the chromosomes than expected by chance. To measure interference, we analyzed double crossover distances, MLH1 foci, and fluorescent pollen tetrads. Interestingly, while crossover interference is normal in asy1/+, it is undetectable in asy1 mutants, indicating that ASY1 is required to mediate crossover interference. Together, this is consistent with ASY1 antagonizing telomere-led recombination and promoting spaced crossover formation along the chromosomes via interference. These findings provide insight into the role of the meiotic axis in patterning recombination frequency within plant genomes.
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17
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Ren J, A Boerman N, Liu R, Wu P, Trampe B, Vanous K, Frei UK, Chen S, Lübberstedt T. Mapping of QTL and identification of candidate genes conferring spontaneous haploid genome doubling in maize (Zea mays L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 293:110337. [PMID: 32081276 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In vivo doubled haploid (DH) technology is widely used in commercial maize (Zea mays L.) breeding. Haploid genome doubling is a critical step in DH breeding. In this study, inbred lines GF1 (0.65), GF3(0.29), and GF5 (0) with high, moderate, and poor spontaneous haploid genome doubling (SHGD), respectively, were selected to develop mapping populations for SHGD. Three QTL, qshgd1, qshgd2, and qshgd3, related to SHGD were identified by selective genotyping. With the exception of qshgd3, the source of haploid genome doubling alleles were derived from GF1. Furthermore, RNA-Seq was conducted to identify putative candidate genes between GF1 and GF5 within the qshgd1 region. A differentially expressed formin-like protein 5 transcript was identified within the qshgd1 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Ren
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | | | - Ruixiang Liu
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Penghao Wu
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Benjamin Trampe
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Kimberly Vanous
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Ursula K Frei
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Shaojiang Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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18
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Qin Q, Zhou Y, Wang C, Zhang M, Qin H, Zhao C, Liu S. Analysis on the Meiosis-Related Gene (Dmc1, Ph1) Expression in Autotriploid Carassius auratus. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 21:753-761. [PMID: 31520246 PMCID: PMC6890579 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triploid is usually considered to be unable to perform normal meiosis due to the abnormal behavior of the three sets of chromosomes. But autotriploid Carassius auratus in the Dongting water system (3n = 150, abbreviated as 3nCC) can perform normal meiosis. In artificial autotriploid Carassius auratus (3n = 150, abbreviated as 3nRR), female individuals undergo normal meiosis and produce mature gametes, while male individuals cannot. To better understand the effects of triploidization on meiosis in fish, we study the structure, methylation level, and expression level of meiosis-related genes (Dmc1, Ph1) in diploid Carassius auratus (2n = 100, abbreviated as 2nCC), Carassius auratus red var.(2n = 100, abbreviated as RCC), 3nCC and 3nRR. The results show that, compared with their diploid ancestors (2nCC and RCC), Dmc1 and Ph1 genes are hypomethylated in all 3nCC and female 3nRR, while are hypermethylated in male 3nRR. Correspondingly, Dmc1 and Ph1 genes are highly expressed in all 3nCC and female 3nRR, while are lowly expressed in male 3nRR. These results indicate that high expression of meiosis-related genes can contribute to restoration of bivalent pairing during meiosis in autotriploid Carassius auratus. This study provides new insights into the effect of DNA methylation on the fertility in triploid fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinbo Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Advances Towards How Meiotic Recombination Is Initiated: A Comparative View and Perspectives for Plant Meiosis Research. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194718. [PMID: 31547623 PMCID: PMC6801837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is an essential cell-division process for ensuring genetic diversity across generations. Meiotic recombination ensures the accuracy of genetic interchange between homolous chromosomes and segregation of parental alleles. Programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), catalyzed by the evolutionarily conserved topoisomerase VIA (a subunit of the archaeal type II DNA topoisomerase)-like enzyme Spo11 and several other factors, is a distinctive feature of meiotic recombination initiation. The meiotic DSB formation and its regulatory mechanisms are similar among species, but certain aspects are distinct. In this review, we introduced the cumulative knowledge of the plant proteins crucial for meiotic DSB formation and technical advances in DSB detection. We also summarized the genome-wide DSB hotspot profiles for different model organisms. Moreover, we highlighted the classical views and recent advances in our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms that ensure the fidelity of DSB formation, such as multifaceted kinase-mediated phosphorylation and the consequent high-dimensional changes in chromosome structure. We provided an overview of recent findings concerning DSB formation, distribution and regulation, all of which will help us to determine whether meiotic DSB formation is evolutionarily conserved or varies between plants and other organisms.
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20
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Fernandes JB, Wlodzimierz P, Henderson IR. Meiotic recombination within plant centromeres. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 48:26-35. [PMID: 30954771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a conserved eukaryotic cell division that increases genetic diversity in sexual populations. During meiosis homologous chromosomes pair and undergo recombination that can result in reciprocal genetic exchange, termed crossover. The frequency of crossover is highly variable along chromosomes, with hot spots and cold spots. For example, the centromeres that contain the kinetochore, which attach chromosomes to the microtubular spindle, are crossover cold spots. Plant centromeres typically consist of large tandemly repeated arrays of satellite sequences and retrotransposons, a subset of which assemble CENH3-variant nucleosomes, which bind to kinetochore proteins. Although crossovers are suppressed in centromeres, there is abundant evidence for gene conversion and homologous recombination between repeats, which plays a role in satellite array change. We review the evidence for recombination within plant centromeres and the implications for satellite sequence evolution. We speculate on the genetic and epigenetic features of centromeres that may influence meiotic recombination in these regions. We also highlight unresolved questions relating to centromere function and sequence change and how the advent of new technologies promises to provide insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joiselle B Fernandes
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Piotr Wlodzimierz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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21
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Wang Y, Zhang M, Qin Q, Peng Y, Huang X, Wang C, Cao L, Li W, Tao M, Zhang C, Liu S. Transcriptome Profile Analysis on Ovarian Tissues of Autotetraploid Fish and Diploid Red Crucian Carp. Front Genet 2019; 10:208. [PMID: 30941161 PMCID: PMC6434244 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidization can significantly alter the size of animal gametes. Autotetraploid fish (RRRR, 4nRR = 200) (4nRR) possessing four sets of chromosomes were derived from whole-genome duplication in red crucian carp (RR, 2n = 100) (RCC). The diploid eggs of the 4nRR fish were significantly larger than the eggs of RCC. To explore the differences between the ovaries of these two ploidies of fishes at the molecular level, we compared the ovary transcriptome profiles of 4nRR fish and RCC and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 19,015 unigenes were differentially expressed between 4nRR fish and RCC, including 12,591 upregulated and 6,424 downregulated unigenes in 4nRR fish. Functional analyses revealed that eight genes (CDKL1, AHCY, ARHGEF3, TGFβ, WNT11, CYP27A, GDF7, and CKB) were involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell division, gene transcription, ovary development and energy metabolism, suggesting that these eight genes were related to egg size in 4nRR fish and RCC. We validated the expression levels of these eight DEGs in 4nRR fish and RCC using quantitative PCR. The study results provided insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying the differences in crucian carp egg sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yude Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinbo Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yajun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chongqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Liu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wuhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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22
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Khanday I, Skinner D, Yang B, Mercier R, Sundaresan V. A male-expressed rice embryogenic trigger redirected for asexual propagation through seeds. Nature 2018; 565:91-95. [PMID: 30542157 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The molecular pathways that trigger the initiation of embryogenesis after fertilization in flowering plants, and prevent its occurrence without fertilization, are not well understood1. Here we show in rice (Oryza sativa) that BABY BOOM1 (BBM1), a member of the AP2 family2 of transcription factors that is expressed in sperm cells, has a key role in this process. Ectopic expression of BBM1 in the egg cell is sufficient for parthenogenesis, which indicates that a single wild-type gene can bypass the fertilization checkpoint in the female gamete. Zygotic expression of BBM1 is initially specific to the male allele but is subsequently biparental, and this is consistent with its observed auto-activation. Triple knockout of the genes BBM1, BBM2 and BBM3 causes embryo arrest and abortion, which are fully rescued by male-transmitted BBM1. These findings suggest that the requirement for fertilization in embryogenesis is mediated by male-genome transmission of pluripotency factors. When genome editing to substitute mitosis for meiosis (MiMe)3,4 is combined with the expression of BBM1 in the egg cell, clonal progeny can be obtained that retain genome-wide parental heterozygosity. The synthetic asexual-propagation trait is heritable through multiple generations of clones. Hybrid crops provide increased yields that cannot be maintained by their progeny owing to genetic segregation. This work establishes the feasibility of asexual reproduction in crops, and could enable the maintenance of hybrids clonally through seed propagation5,6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiyaz Khanday
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Debra Skinner
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Raphael Mercier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Venkatesan Sundaresan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. .,Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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23
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Qin QB, Liu QW, Zhou YW, Wang CQ, Qin H, Zhao C, Liu SJ. Differential expression of HPG-axis genes in autotetraploids derived from red crucian carp Carassius auratus red var., ♀ × blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala, ♂. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 93:1082-1089. [PMID: 30260011 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Autotetraploid fish (4n = 200, abbreviated as 4nRR), which reach sexual maturity at 1 year of age, were derived from the whole genome duplication of red crucian carp Carassius auratus red var. (RCC; 2n = 100) and possess four sets of chromosomes from RCC. The histological features of the gonads showed that the RCC and 4nRR both possessed normal gonadal structure and could arrive at maturation. To understand the expression characteristics of genes related to reproductive development in the autotetraploid fish, we analysed the nucleotide sequence and expression characteristics of the gnrh2, gthb and gthr genes, which are the pivotal genes of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. We found that the gnrh2, gthb and gthr genes in 4nRR share remarkable homology with RCC, but there were obvious differences in expression levels between 4nRR and RCC. These results demonstrate that autotetraploidization can lead to gene expression changes. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the reproductive development of autotetraploid fish and is expected to be of great significance for subsequent research on polyploidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin B Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi W Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu W Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chong Q Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shao J Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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24
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Huraiova B, Pozgajova M, Gregan J. Sexual Reproduction: Preventing Re-fertilization in Fission Yeast. Curr Biol 2018; 28:R1300-R1303. [PMID: 30458148 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During sexual reproduction, two haploid cells fuse to produce a diploid cell called a zygote. A new study describes how fission yeast prevents a zygote from being formed by the fusion of more than two cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Huraiova
- Department of Genetics, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslava Pozgajova
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Gregan
- Department of Genetics, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Advanced Microscopy Facility, Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Department of Chromosome Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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25
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Ma H, Li G, Würschum T, Zhang Y, Zheng D, Yang X, Li J, Liu W, Yan J, Chen S. Genome-Wide Association Study of Haploid Male Fertility in Maize ( Zea Mays L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:974. [PMID: 30065732 PMCID: PMC6057118 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale application of the doubled haploid (DH) technology by in vivo haploid induction has greatly improved the efficiency of maize breeding. While the haploid induction rate and the efficiency of identifying haploid plants have greatly improved in recent years, the low efficiency of doubling of haploid plants has remained and currently presents the main limitation to maize DH line production. In this study, we aimed to assess the available genetic variation for haploid male fertility (HMF), i.e., the production of fertile pollen on haploid plants, and to investigate the underlying genetic architecture. To this end, a diversity panel of 481 maize inbred lines was crossed with "Mo17" and "Zheng58," the F1 hybrids subjected to haploid induction, and resulting haploid plants assessed for male fertility in two environments. Across both genetic backgrounds, we observed a large variation of HMF ranging from zero to ~60%, with a mean of 18%, and a heritability of 0.65. HMF was higher in the "Mo17" than in the "Zheng58" background and the correlation between both genetic backgrounds was 0.68. Genome-wide association mapping identified only few putative QTL that jointly explained 22.5% of the phenotypic variance. With the exception of one association explaining 11.77% of the phenotypic variance, all other putative QTL were of minor importance. A genome-wide prediction approach further corroborated the quantitative nature of HMF in maize. Analysis of the 14 significantly associated SNPs revealed several candidate genes. Collectively, our results illustrate the large variation of HMF that can be exploited for maize DH breeding. Owing to the apparent genetic complexity of this trait, this might best be achieved by rapid recurrent phenotypic selection coupled with marker-assisted selection for individual QTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Department of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tobias Würschum
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Debo Zheng
- Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Department of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Department of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenxin Liu
| | - Jianbing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Jianbing Yan
| | - Shaojiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Shaojiang Chen
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Ren J, Wu P, Trampe B, Tian X, Lübberstedt T, Chen S. Novel technologies in doubled haploid line development. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 15:1361-1370. [PMID: 28796421 PMCID: PMC5633766 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
haploid inducer line can be transferred (DH) technology can not only shorten the breeding process but also increase genetic gain. Haploid induction and subsequent genome doubling are the two main steps required for DH technology. Haploids have been generated through the culture of immature male and female gametophytes, and through inter- and intraspecific via chromosome elimination. Here, we focus on haploidization via chromosome elimination, especially the recent advances in centromere-mediated haploidization. Once haploids have been induced, genome doubling is needed to produce DH lines. This study has proposed a new strategy to improve haploid genome doubling by combing haploids and minichromosome technology. With the progress in haploid induction and genome doubling methods, DH technology can facilitate reverse breeding, cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line production, gene stacking and a variety of other genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Ren
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of AgronomyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
| | - Penghao Wu
- College of AgronomyXinjiang Agriculture UniversityUrumqiChina
| | | | - Xiaolong Tian
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | - Shaojiang Chen
- National Maize Improvement Center of ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Ren J, Wu P, Tian X, Lübberstedt T, Chen S. QTL mapping for haploid male fertility by a segregation distortion method and fine mapping of a key QTL qhmf4 in maize. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2017; 130:1349-1359. [PMID: 28389771 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Four QTL related to haploid male fertility were detected by a segregation distortion method and the key QTL qhmf4 was fine mapped to an interval of ~800 kb. Doubled haploid (DH) technology enables rapid development of homozygous lines in maize breeding programs. However, haploid genome doubling is a bottleneck for the commercialization of DH technology and is limited by haploid male fertility (HMF). This is the first study reporting the quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of HMF in maize. Four QTL, qhmf1, qhmf2, qhmf3, and qhmf4, controlling HMF have been identified by segregation distortion (SD) loci detection in the selected haploid population derived from 'Yu87-1/Zheng58'. Three loci, qhmf1, qhmf2, and qhmf4, were also detected in the selected haploid population derived from '4F1/Zheng58'. The QTL qhmf4 showed the strongest SD in both haploid populations. Based on the sequence information of 'Yu87-1' and 'Zheng58', thirteen markers being polymorphic between the two lines were developed to saturate the qhmf4 region. A total of 8168 H1BC2 (haploid backcross generation) plants produced from 'Yu87-1' and 'Zheng58' were screened for recombinants. All the 48 recombinants were backcrossed to 'Zheng58' to develop H1BC3 progeny. The heterozygous H1BC3 individuals were crossed with CAU5 to induce haploids. In each H1BC3 progeny, haploids were genotyped and evaluated for anther emergence score (AES). Significant (or no significant) difference (P < 0.05) between haploids with or without 'Yu87-1' donor segment indicated presence or absence of qhmf4 in the donor segment. The analysis of the 48 recombinants narrowed the qhmf4 locus down to an ~800 kb interval flanked by markers IND166 and IND1668.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Ren
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Penghao Wu
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agriculture University, 830052, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaolong Tian
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, 100193, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shaojiang Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, 100193, Beijing, China.
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Autopolyploidy leads to rapid genomic changes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Theory Biosci 2017; 136:199-206. [PMID: 28612184 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-017-0252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyploidy is a widespread feature of plant genomes. As a typical model of polyploidy, autopolyploidy has been postulated evolutionary dead ends and received little attention compared with allopolyploidy. For the limited data available so far, the evolutionary outcome of genome diversity in autopolyploids remains controversial in comparison with its diploid ancestors. In the present study, the effects of autopolyploidy on genome diversity were revealed at a genome-wide scale by comparative analyses of polymorphism between Arabidopsis autopolyploids (autotetraploids and autotriploids) and related diploids within the first ten successive inbred generations using amplified fragment length polymorphism. The results showed that in contrast with diploids, the rapid genomic changes (including gain and loss of DNA sequences) in autopolyploids were definitely found within the first generations after autopolyploidization, but slow down and probably stabilized in the higher generations as a source of genetic diversity in the long term. The sequencing of these DNA fragments indicated that these changes occurred both on genic and inter-genic (or intronic) regions, and quantitative PCR showed that the expression of some corresponding genes in the genic regions was obviously affected (including upregulation, downregulation and silencing) in autopolyploids. Therefore, this study demonstrated that autopolyploidy could lead to rapid genomic changes and probably influence expression and function of certain genes within the first generations, giving rising to genetic diversification after polyploidization.
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Yang R, Li Y, Su Y, Shen Y, Tang D, Luo Q, Cheng Z. A functional centromere lacking CentO sequences in a newly formed ring chromosome in rice. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:694-701. [PMID: 27965027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An awned rice (Oryza sativa) plant carrying a tiny extra chromosome was discovered among the progeny of a telotrisomic line 2n+4L. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using chromosome specific BAC clones revealed that this extra chromosome was a ring chromosome derived from part of the long arm of chromosome 4. So the aneuploidy plant was accordingly named as 2n+4L ring. We did not detect any CentO FISH signals on the ring chromosome, and found only the centromeric probe Centromeric Retrotransposon of Rice (CRR) was co-localized with the centromere-specific histone CENH3 as revealed by sequential FISH after immunodetection. The extra ring chromosome exhibited a unique segregation pattern during meiosis, including no pairing between the ring chromosome and normal chromosome 4 during prophase I and pre-separation of sister chromatids at anaphase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yafei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ding Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Kuppu S, Tan EH, Nguyen H, Rodgers A, Comai L, Chan SWL, Britt AB. Point Mutations in Centromeric Histone Induce Post-zygotic Incompatibility and Uniparental Inheritance. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005494. [PMID: 26352591 PMCID: PMC4564284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The centromeric histone 3 variant (CENH3, aka CENP-A) is essential for the segregation of sister chromatids during mitosis and meiosis. To better define CENH3 functional constraints, we complemented a null allele in Arabidopsis with a variety of mutant alleles, each inducing a single amino acid change in conserved residues of the histone fold domain. Many of these transgenic missense lines displayed wild-type growth and fertility on self-pollination, but exhibited frequent post-zygotic death and uniparental inheritance when crossed with wild-type plants. The failure of centromeres marked by these missense mutation in the histone fold domain of CENH3 reproduces the genome elimination syndromes described with chimeric CENH3 and CENH3 from diverged species. Additionally, evidence that a single point mutation is sufficient to generate a haploid inducer provide a simple one-step method for the identification of non-transgenic haploid inducers in existing mutagenized collections of crop species. As proof of the extreme simplicity of this approach to create haploid-inducing lines, we performed an in silico search for previously identified point mutations in CENH3 and identified an Arabidopsis line carrying the A86V substitution within the histone fold domain. This A87V non-transgenic line, while fully fertile on self-pollination, produced postzygotic death and uniparental haploids when crossed to wild type. The centromeric histone protein, CENH3, plays an important role in chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. Here we show that single amino acid changes in CENH3, while producing no obvious effect on mitosis or meiosis, affect segregation postzygotically upon outcrossing to plants carrying wild-type centromeres. This results in uniparental inheritance among some progeny, and seed death in a larger fraction of progeny. Interestingly, changes competent to induce haploid in Arabidopsis existed in a TILLING population and in unrelated plant species. Our findings have two major consequences. First, uniparental inheritance facilitates the production of haploid plants that can easily be doubled to produce completely homozygous lines in a single generation. Secondly, our findings suggest that natural variation in CENH3 may result in partial reproductive isolation, because chromosomes of the mutant parent from F1 hybrid progeny are culled during embryonic development, while no reproductive defects are observed in self-pollinated plants. We do not know if the same mutations are haploid-inducing in other species, but uniparental chromosome loss, and the seed abortion that accompanies it results in an outcrossing-specific penalty that could potentially be involved in reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Kuppu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ek Han Tan
- Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Hanh Nguyen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Andrea Rodgers
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Luca Comai
- Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Simon W. L. Chan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Anne B. Britt
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mercier R, Mézard C, Jenczewski E, Macaisne N, Grelon M. The molecular biology of meiosis in plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 66:297-327. [PMID: 25494464 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050213-035923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is the cell division that reshuffles genetic information between generations. Recently, much progress has been made in understanding this process; in particular, the identification and functional analysis of more than 80 plant genes involved in meiosis have dramatically deepened our knowledge of this peculiar cell division. In this review, we provide an overview of advancements in the understanding of all aspects of plant meiosis, including recombination, chromosome synapsis, cell cycle control, chromosome distribution, and the challenge of polyploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Mercier
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France; , , , ,
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32
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A haploid genetics toolbox for Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5334. [PMID: 25358957 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic analysis in haploids provides unconventional yet powerful advantages not available in diploid organisms. In Arabidopsis thaliana, haploids can be generated through seeds by crossing a wild-type strain to a transgenic strain with altered centromeres. Here we report the development of an improved haploid inducer (HI) strain, SeedGFP-HI, that aids selection of haploid seeds prior to germination. We also show that haploids can be used as a tool to accelerate a variety of genetic analyses, specifically pyramiding multiple mutant combinations, forward mutagenesis screens, scaling down a tetraploid to lower ploidy levels and swapping of nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes. Furthermore, the A. thaliana HI can be used to produce haploids from a related species A. suecica and generate homozygous mutant plants from strong maternal gametophyte lethal alleles, which is not possible via conventional diploid genetics. Taken together, our results demonstrate the utility and power of haploid genetics in A. thaliana.
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Duroc Y, Lemhemdi A, Larchevêque C, Hurel A, Cuacos M, Cromer L, Horlow C, Armstrong SJ, Chelysheva L, Mercier R. The kinesin AtPSS1 promotes synapsis and is required for proper crossover distribution in meiosis. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004674. [PMID: 25330379 PMCID: PMC4199493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic crossovers (COs) shape genetic diversity by mixing homologous chromosomes at each generation. CO distribution is a highly regulated process. CO assurance forces the occurrence of at least one obligatory CO per chromosome pair, CO homeostasis smoothes out the number of COs when faced with variation in precursor number and CO interference keeps multiple COs away from each other along a chromosome. In several organisms, it has been shown that cytoskeleton forces are transduced to the meiotic nucleus via KASH- and SUN-domain proteins, to promote chromosome synapsis and recombination. Here we show that the Arabidopsis kinesin AtPSS1 plays a major role in chromosome synapsis and regulation of CO distribution. In Atpss1 meiotic cells, chromosome axes and DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) appear to form normally but only a variable portion of the genome synapses and is competent for CO formation. Some chromosomes fail to form the obligatory CO, while there is an increased CO density in competent regions. However, the total number of COs per cell is unaffected. We further show that the kinesin motor domain of AtPSS1 is required for its meiotic function, and that AtPSS1 interacts directly with WIP1 and WIP2, two KASH-domain proteins. Finally, meiocytes missing AtPSS1 and/or SUN proteins show similar meiotic defects suggesting that AtPSS1 and SUNs act in the same pathway. This suggests that forces produced by the AtPSS1 kinesin and transduced by WIPs/SUNs, are required to authorize complete synapsis and regulate maturation of recombination intermediates into COs. We suggest that a form of homeostasis applies, which maintains the total number of COs per cell even if only a part of the genome is competent for CO formation. In species that reproduce sexually, diploid individuals have two copies of each chromosome, inherited from their father and mother. During a special cell division called meiosis, these two sets of chromosomes are mixed by homologous recombination to give genetically unique chromosomes that will be transmitted to the next generation. Homologous recombination processes are highly controlled in terms of number and localization of events within and among chromosomes. Disruption of this control (a lack of or improper positioning of homologous recombination events) causes deleterious chromosome associations in the offspring. Using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana we reveal here that the AtPSS1 gene is required for proper localization of these homologous recombination events along the genome. We also show that AtPSS1, which belongs to a family of proteins able to move along the cytoskeleton, is likely part of a module that allows cytoplasmic forces to be transmitted through the nucleus envelope to promote chromosome movements during homologous recombination progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Duroc
- The French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, Versailles, France
| | - Afef Lemhemdi
- The French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, Versailles, France
| | - Cécile Larchevêque
- The French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, Versailles, France
| | - Aurélie Hurel
- The French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, Versailles, France
| | - Maria Cuacos
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Cromer
- The French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, Versailles, France
| | - Christine Horlow
- The French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, Versailles, France
| | - Susan J. Armstrong
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Liudmila Chelysheva
- The French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, Versailles, France
| | - Raphael Mercier
- The French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, Versailles, France
- * E-mail:
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Absence of SUN-domain protein Slp1 blocks karyogamy and switches meiotic recombination and synapsis from homologs to sister chromatids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4015-23. [PMID: 25210014 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1415758111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Karyogamy, the process of nuclear fusion is required for two haploid gamete nuclei to form a zygote. Also, in haplobiontic organisms, karyogamy is required to produce the diploid nucleus/cell that then enters meiosis. We identify sun like protein 1 (Slp1), member of the mid-Sad1p, UNC-84-domain ubiquitous family, as essential for karyogamy in the filamentous fungus Sordaria macrospora, thus uncovering a new function for this protein family. Slp1 is required at the last step, nuclear fusion, not for earlier events including nuclear movements, recognition, and juxtaposition. Correspondingly, like other family members, Slp1 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and also to its extensions comprising the nuclear envelope. Remarkably, despite the absence of nuclear fusion in the slp1 null mutant, meiosis proceeds efficiently in the two haploid "twin" nuclei, by the same program and timing as in diploid nuclei with a single dramatic exception: the normal prophase program of recombination and synapsis between homologous chromosomes, including loading of recombination and synaptonemal complex proteins, occurs instead between sister chromatids. Moreover, the numbers of recombination-initiating double-strand breaks (DSBs) and ensuing recombinational interactions, including foci of the essential crossover factor Homo sapiens enhancer of invasion 10 (Hei10), occur at half the diploid level in each haploid nucleus, implying per-chromosome specification of DSB formation. Further, the distribution of Hei10 foci shows interference like in diploid meiosis. Centromere and spindle dynamics, however, still occur in the diploid mode during the two meiotic divisions. These observations imply that the prophase program senses absence of karyogamy and/or absence of a homolog partner and adjusts the interchromosomal interaction program accordingly.
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35
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Licensing MLH1 sites for crossover during meiosis. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4580. [PMID: 25098240 PMCID: PMC4143925 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes synapse and recombine at sites marked by the binding of the mismatch repair protein MLH1. In hexaploid wheat, the Ph1 locus has a major effect on whether crossover occurs between homologues or between related homoeologues. Here we report that—in wheat–rye hybrids where homologues are absent—Ph1 affects neither the level of synapsis nor the number of MLH1. Thus in the case of wheat–wild relative hybrids, Ph1 must affect whether MLH1 sites are able to progress to crossover. The observed level of synapsis implies that Ph1 functions to promote homologue pairing rather than suppress homoeologue pairing in wheat. Therefore, Ph1 stabilises polyploidy in wheat by both promoting homologue pairing and preventing MLH1 sites from becoming crossovers on paired homoeologues during meiosis. Fertility in polyploid species relies on pairing and recombination occurring only between true homologues rather than the diverged homoeologous chromosomes also present. Here, Martin et al. show that Ph1 stabilises polyploidy in wheat by promoting homologue pairing and preventing crossovers on paired homoeologues during meiosis.
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Grandont L, Cuñado N, Coriton O, Huteau V, Eber F, Chèvre AM, Grelon M, Chelysheva L, Jenczewski E. Homoeologous Chromosome Sorting and Progression of Meiotic Recombination in Brassica napus: Ploidy Does Matter! THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:1448-1463. [PMID: 24737673 PMCID: PMC4036564 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.122788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is the fundamental process that produces balanced gametes and generates diversity within species. For successful meiosis, crossovers must form between homologous chromosomes. This condition is more difficult to fulfill in allopolyploid species, which have more than two sets of related chromosomes (homoeologs). Here, we investigated the formation, progression, and completion of several key hallmarks of meiosis in Brassica napus (AACC), a young polyphyletic allotetraploid crop species with closely related homoeologous chromosomes. Altogether, our results demonstrate a precocious and efficient sorting of homologous versus homoeologous chromosomes during early prophase I in two representative B. napus accessions that otherwise show a genotypic difference in the progression of homologous recombination. More strikingly, our detailed comparison of meiosis in near isogenic allohaploid and euploid plants showed that the mechanism(s) promoting efficient chromosome sorting in euploids is adjusted to promote crossover formation between homoeologs in allohaploids. This suggests that, in contrast to other polyploid species, chromosome sorting is context dependent in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Grandont
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Nieves Cuñado
- Departamento de Génetica, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivier Coriton
- INRA, UMR 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, F-35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Virgine Huteau
- INRA, UMR 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, F-35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Frédérique Eber
- INRA, UMR 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, F-35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Anne Marie Chèvre
- INRA, UMR 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, F-35653 Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Mathilde Grelon
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Liudmila Chelysheva
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Eric Jenczewski
- INRA, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, F-78000 Versailles, France
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CDKG1 protein kinase is essential for synapsis and male meiosis at high ambient temperature in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:2182-7. [PMID: 24469829 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1318460111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis cyclin-dependent kinase G (CDKG) gene defines a clade of cyclin-dependent protein kinases related to CDK10 and CDK11, as well as to the enigmatic Ph1-related kinases that are implicated in controlling homeologous chromosome pairing in wheat. Here we demonstrate that the CDKG1/CYCLINL complex is essential for synapsis and recombination during male meiosis. A transfer-DNA insertional mutation in the cdkg1 gene leads to a temperature-sensitive failure of meiosis in late Zygotene/Pachytene that is associated with defective formation of the synaptonemal complex, reduced bivalent formation and crossing over, and aneuploid gametes. An aphenotypic insertion in the cyclin L gene, a cognate cyclin for CDKG, strongly enhances the phenotype of cdkg1-1 mutants, indicating that this cdk-cyclin complex is essential for male meiosis. Since CYCLINL, CDKG, and their mammalian homologs have been previously shown to affect mRNA processing, particularly alternative splicing, our observations also suggest a mechanism to explain the widespread phenomenon of thermal sensitivity in male meiosis.
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Knoll A, Schröpfer S, Puchta H. The RTR complex as caretaker of genome stability and its unique meiotic function in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:33. [PMID: 24575106 PMCID: PMC3921566 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The RTR complex consisting of a RecQ helicase, a type IA topoisomerase and the structural protein RMI1 is involved in the processing of DNA recombination intermediates in all eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis thaliana the complex partners RECQ4A, topoisomerase 3α and RMI1 have been shown to be involved in DNA repair and in the suppression of homologous recombination in somatic cells. Interestingly, mutants of AtTOP3A and AtRMI1 are also sterile due to extensive chromosome breakage in meiosis I, a phenotype that seems to be specific for plants. Although both proteins are essential for meiotic recombination it is still elusive on what kind of intermediates they are acting on. Recent data indicate that the pattern of non-crossover (NCO)-associated meiotic gene conversion (GC) differs between plants and other eukaryotes, as less NCOs in comparison to crossovers (CO) could be detected in Arabidopsis. This indicates that NCOs happen either more rarely in plants or that the conversion tract length is significantly shorter than in other organisms. As the TOP3α/RMI1-mediated dissolution of recombination intermediates results exclusively in NCOs, we suggest that the peculiar GC pattern found in plants is connected to the unique role, members of the RTR complex play in plant meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Holger Puchta
- *Correspondence: Holger Puchta, Botanical Institute II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstraße 16, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany e-mail:
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