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Kondkar AA, Azad TA, Sultan T, Khatlani T, Alshehri AA, Radhakrishnan R, Lobo GP, Alsirhy E, Almobarak FA, Osman EA, Al-Obeidan SA. APOE ε2-Carriers Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma in Patients of Saudi Origin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4571. [PMID: 38674156 PMCID: PMC11050284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms (rs429358 and rs7412) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) in a Saudi cohort. Genotyping of 437 DNA samples (251 controls, 92 PACG, 94 PXG) was conducted using PCR-based Sanger sequencing. The results showed no significant differences in the allele and genotype frequencies of rs429358 and rs7412 between the PACG/PXG cases and controls. Haplotype analysis revealed ε3 as predominant, followed by ε4 and ε2 alleles, with no significant variance in PACG/PXG. However, APOE genotype analysis indicated a significant association between ε2-carriers and PACG (odds ratio = 4.82, 95% CI 1.52-15.26, p = 0.007), whereas no notable association was observed with PXG. Logistic regression confirmed ε2-carriers as a significant predictor for PACG (p = 0.008), while age emerged as significant for PXG (p < 0.001). These findings suggest a potential role of ε2-carriers in PACG risk within the Saudi cohort. Further validation and larger-scale investigations are essential to elucidate the precise role of APOE in PACG pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf A. Kondkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia (E.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
- Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taif A. Azad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia (E.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
| | - Tahira Sultan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia (E.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
| | - Tanvir Khatlani
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alshehri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Abdulrahman Alfaisal Hospital, Riyadh 14723, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakesh Radhakrishnan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55347, USA; (R.R.)
| | - Glenn P. Lobo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55347, USA; (R.R.)
| | - Ehab Alsirhy
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia (E.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
| | - Faisal A. Almobarak
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia (E.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
| | - Essam A. Osman
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia (E.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
| | - Saleh A. Al-Obeidan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia (E.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
- Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
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Park YJ, Shin HY, Kim JI. Exploring the role of apolipoprotein E gene promoter polymorphisms in susceptibility to normal-tension glaucoma in a Korean population. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8972. [PMID: 38637538 PMCID: PMC11026505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, particularly primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), poses a significant global health concern. Distinguished by intraocular pressure (IOP), POAG encompasses high-tension glaucoma (HTG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a multifaceted protein with roles in lipid metabolism, neurobiology, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, controversies persist regarding the impact of APOE single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on open-angle glaucoma and NTG. This study aimed to identify APOE-specific SNPs influencing NTG risk. A cohort of 178 patients with NTG recruited from Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital and 32,858 individuals from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) cohort were included in the analysis. Genotype and haplotype analyses were performed on three promoter SNPs (rs449647, rs769446, and rs405509) and two exonic SNPs (rs429358 and rs7412) located on chromosome 19. Among the five SNPs, rs769446 genotypes exhibited significant differences between cases and controls. The minor allele C of rs769446 emerged as a protective factor against NTG. Furthermore, haplotype analysis of the five SNPs revealed that the A-T-G-T-T haplotype was a statistically significant risk factor for NTG. This study indicated an association between APOE promoter SNPs and NTG in the Korean population. Further studies are required to understand how APOE promoter SNPs contribute to NTG pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Park
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 271, Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kondkar AA, Sultan T, Azad TA, Khatlani T, Alshehri AA, Osman EA, Lobo GP, Almobarak FA, Al-Obeidan SA. Common Variants rs429358 and rs7412 in APOE Gene Are Not Associated with POAG in a Saudi Cohort. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:62. [PMID: 38275738 PMCID: PMC10813158 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Adult-onset glaucoma, an age-related neurodegenerative disease, is very prevalent among the elderly Arabs of Saudi origin. This study investigated the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene variants (rs429358 and rs7412) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in Arabs of Saudi origin. A case-control genetic association study involving 179 POAG patients and 251 controls utilized Sanger sequencing to genotype APOE gene variants. The allele frequencies and genotype distributions for rs429358 and rs7412 did not show significant associations with POAG. The haplotype analysis revealed apoε3 (87.6% and 87.4%) as the most prevalent, followed by ε4 (2.8% and 3.6%) and ε2 (9.6% and 8.9%) in the controls and POAG patients, respectively. Although the ε2/ε3 genotype and ε2-carriers displayed a more than two-fold increased risk, statistical significance was not reached. Notably, these polymorphisms did not affect clinical markers, such as intraocular pressure and cup/disc ratio. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated no significant influence of age, sex, rs429358, or rs7412 polymorphisms on POAG. In conclusion, within the Saudi cohort, APOE variants (rs429358 and rs7412) do not appear to be associated with POAG and are not substantial risk factors for its development. However, additional population-based studies are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf A. Kondkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (T.A.A.); (E.A.O.); (F.A.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
- Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahira Sultan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (T.A.A.); (E.A.O.); (F.A.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
| | - Taif A. Azad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (T.A.A.); (E.A.O.); (F.A.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
| | - Tanvir Khatlani
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alshehri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Abdulrahman Alfaisal Hospital, Riyadh 14723, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Essam A. Osman
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (T.A.A.); (E.A.O.); (F.A.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
| | - Glenn P. Lobo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55347, USA;
| | - Faisal A. Almobarak
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (T.A.A.); (E.A.O.); (F.A.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
| | - Saleh A. Al-Obeidan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (T.A.A.); (E.A.O.); (F.A.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
- Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
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Masson EAY, Serrano J, Leger-Charnay E, Acar N. Cholesterol and oxysterols in retinal neuron-glia interactions: relevance for glaucoma. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 3:1303649. [PMID: 38983043 PMCID: PMC11182186 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1303649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of cellular membranes, crucial for maintaining their structural and functional integrity. It is especially important for nervous tissues, including the retina, which rely on high amounts of plasma membranes for the transmission of the nervous signal. While cholesterol is by far the most abundant sterol, the retina also contains cholesterol precursors and metabolites, especially oxysterols, which are bioactive molecules. Cholesterol lack or excess is deleterious and some oxysterols are known for their effect on neuron survival. Cholesterol homeostasis must therefore be maintained. Retinal glial cells, especially Müller cells, the principal glial cells of the vertebrate retina, provide mechanical, nutritional, and metabolic support for the neighboring neurons. Several pieces of evidence indicate that Müller cells are major actors of cholesterol homeostasis in the retina, as it is known for other glial cells in the brain. This process is based on a close cooperation with neurons, and sterols can be signaling molecules participating in glia-neuron interactions. While some implication of cholesterol in age-related macular degeneration is now recognized, based on epidemiological and laboratory data, evidence for its role in glaucoma is still scarce. The association between cholesterolemia and glaucoma is controversial, but experimental data suggest that sterols could take part in the pathological processes. It has been demonstrated that Müller glial cells are implicated in the development of glaucoma through an ambivalent reactive retinal gliosis process. The early steps contribute to maintaining retinal homeostasis and favor the survival of ganglion cells, which are targeted during glaucoma. If gliosis persists, dysregulation of the neuroprotective functions, cytotoxic effects of gliotic Müller cells and disruption of glia-neuron interactions lead to an acceleration of ganglion cell death. Sterols could play a role in the glial cell response to glaucomatous injury. This represents an understudied but attractive topic to better understand glaucoma and conceive novel preventive or curative strategies. The present review describes the current knowledge on i) sterol metabolism in retinal glial cells, ii) the potential role of cholesterol in glaucoma, and iii) the possible relationships between cholesterol and oxysterols, glial cells and glaucoma. Focus is put on glia-neuron interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie A Y Masson
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jeanne Serrano
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Sensory Perception, Glia/Neuron Interaction Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Elise Leger-Charnay
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Liuska PJ, Rämö JT, Lemmelä S, Kaarniranta K, Uusitalo H, Lahtela E, Daly MJ, Harju M, Palotie A, Turunen JA. Association of APOE Haplotypes With Common Age-Related Ocular Diseases in 412,171 Individuals. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:33. [PMID: 37988105 PMCID: PMC10668614 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), a known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, has controversially been associated with reduced risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we sought to systematically quantify the associations of APOE haplotypes with age-related ocular diseases and to assess their scope and age-dependency. Methods We included genetic and registry data from 412,171 Finnish individuals in the FinnGen study. Disease endpoints were defined using nationwide registries. APOE genotypes were directly genotyped using Illumina and Affymetrix arrays or imputed using a custom Finnish reference panel. We evaluated the disease associations of APOE genotypes containing ε2 (without ε4) and ε4 (without ε2) compared with the ε3ε3 genotype using logistic regressions stratified by age. Results APOE ε4 enriched haplotypes were inversely associated with overall glaucoma (odds ratio [OR] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92-0.99, P = 0.0047), and its subtypes POAG (OR = 0.95, P = 0.027), normal-tension glaucoma (OR = 0.87, P = 0.0058), and suspected glaucoma (OR = 0.95, P = 0.014). Individuals with the ε4 allele also had lower odds for AMD (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.76-0.84, P < 0.001), seen both in dry and neovascular subgroups. A slight negative association was also detected in senile cataract, but this was not reproducible in age-group analyses. Conclusions Our results support prior evidence of the inverse association of APOE ε4 with glaucoma, but the association was weaker than for AMD. We could not show an association with exfoliation glaucoma, supporting the hypothesis that APOE may be involved in regulating retinal ganglion cell degeneration rather than intraocular pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perttu J Liuska
- Eye Genetics Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joel T Rämö
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, PL 20, University of Helsinki, Finland
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Stanley Building, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Susanna Lemmelä
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, PL 20, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, PL 30, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, KYS, Finland
| | - Hannu Uusitalo
- TAYS Eye Center, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, PL 2000, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elisa Lahtela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, PL 20, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark J Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, PL 20, University of Helsinki, Finland
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Stanley Building, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mika Harju
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4C, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, PL 20, University of Helsinki, Finland
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Stanley Building, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Joni A Turunen
- Eye Genetics Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4C, Helsinki, Finland
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Freeman EE, Bastasic J, Grant A, Leung G, Li G, Buhrmann R, Roy-Gagnon MH. Inverse Association of APOE ε4 and Glaucoma Modified by Systemic Hypertension: The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:9. [PMID: 36479943 PMCID: PMC9742963 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.13.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Studies examining the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele and glaucoma are inconsistent, which could be due to interactions with other factors. We examined the relationship between the APOE ε4 allele and glaucoma and intraocular pressure in a large, population-based random sample and explored whether the APOE ε4 allele interacted with systemic hypertension. Methods Data came from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, a population-based study that included 24,655 adults ages 45 to 85 years old in the European ancestry cohort. APOE genotypes were derived from single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs429358 and rs7412. Participants were asked about a prior diagnosis of glaucoma from a doctor. Corneal compensated intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using the Reichart Ocular Response Analyzer. Results Having an APOE ε4 allele was associated with a lower odds of glaucoma after adjusting for age, sex, IOP, and the top 10 population structure principal components (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.98; P = 0.033). A novel statistically significant interaction was found in that having an APOE ε4 allele was only associated with glaucoma in those without systemic hypertension (OR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.46-0.85) although it was not associated in those with it (OR = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.79-1.21) (interaction term P value = 0.017). APOE ε4 was not associated with IOP (β = -0.01; 95% CI, -0.13 to 0.10). Conclusions Evidence increasingly points to the APOE ε4 allele having protective benefits against glaucoma, but this association was limited to those without systemic hypertension. Further research is needed to understand the biological mechanisms for these findings and the treatment potential they hold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E. Freeman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada,Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Joseph Bastasic
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alyssa Grant
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Gareth Leung
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Gisele Li
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ralf Buhrmann
- Ottawa Eye Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
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Margeta MA, Letcher SM, Igo RP, Cooke Bailey JN, Pasquale LR, Haines JL, Butovsky O, Wiggs JL. Association of APOE With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Suggests a Protective Effect for APOE ε4. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:3. [PMID: 32614373 PMCID: PMC7425753 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.8.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Prior studies have demonstrated that microglial activation is involved in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Here we sought to identify genetic associations between POAG and variants in APOE and TREM2, genes associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) that critically regulate microglial neurodegeneration-associated molecular signature. Methods APOE genotypes were called using imputed data from the NEIGHBOR consortium (2120 POAG cases, 2262 controls) and a second cohort from the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI; 486 cases, 344 controls). TREM2 coding variants were genotyped by means of the Illumina HumanExome BeadArray. The data set was analyzed for association with POAG overall, as well as the high-tension glaucoma (HTG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) subgroups, using logistic regression adjusting for age and sex. Results In the combined NEIGHBOR-MEEI data set, significant association was observed for APOE ε4 in POAG overall (odds ratio [OR], 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–0.94; P = 0.0022) and in both the HTG subgroup (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70–0.94; P = 0.0052) and NTG subgroup (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58–0.87; P = 0.0014). A rare TREM2 variant (A105V) was found only in HTG cases (3 of 2863 cases) and in none of the controls (P = 0.03). Three TREM2 rare variants associated with AD were not significantly associated with POAG (P > 0.05). Conclusions We have found that the APOE ε4 allele is associated with a reduced risk of POAG. Interestingly, the same allele is adversely associated with AD, suggesting a mechanistic difference between neurodegenerative diseases of the eye and the brain. TREM2 variants associated with AD did not significantly contribute to POAG risk.
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Occhiutto ML, de Melo MB, Cabral de Vasconcellos JP, Rodrigues TAR, Bajano FF, Costa FF, Costa VP. "Association of APOE gene polymorphisms with primary open angle glaucoma in Brazilian patients". Ophthalmic Genet 2020; 42:53-61. [PMID: 33287609 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2020.1849314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a multifactorial disease that affects 65.5 million people worldwide. In addition to the genetic variants already established as indicators of greater risk for POAG, the apolipoprotein (APOE) gene has been studied in some populations, with controversial results. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of the genetic variants of APOE in the Brazilian population, and to evaluate the association between these polymorphisms and the risk of POAG. Methods: APOE variants (rs429358; rs7412) were genotyped in 402 POAG patients and 401 controls. We evaluated the association between APOE genetic variants and the risk for POAG, as well as the correlation between the requirement of glaucoma surgery and the APOE polymorphisms. Results: Among the three APOE gene isoforms, we found a low frequency of APOE alleles ε2 (7.34%) and ε4 (11.76%), but a high frequency of ε3 (80.88%) in our population. When compared to ε3ε3 reference genotype, ε2 allele-carriers (OR = 1.516; p-value = 0.04) and ε2ε3 genotype (OR = 1.655; p-value = 0.02) were associated with a greater risk for POAG. An additive genetic model confirmed the influence of the ε2 allele in the risk of POAG in this sample of the Brazilian population (OR = 1.502; p-value = 0.04). There was no significant association between the analyzed genotypes and the requirement or number of glaucoma surgeries (p > .05). Conclusion: Brazilian individuals carrying the APOEε2 allele may be at an increased risk for the development of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Luís Occhiutto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas - UNICAMP , Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mônica Barbosa de Melo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering - CBMEG , Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flávia Fialho Bajano
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering - CBMEG , Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Vital Paulino Costa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas - UNICAMP , Campinas, Brazil
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Mrad M, Fekih-Mrissa N, Wathek C, Sayeh A, Maalej A, Rannen R, Nsiri B. Role of the Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms in the Development of Retinal Vein Occlusion in a Tunisian Population: A Case–Control Study. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2016; 23:645-651. [DOI: 10.1177/1076029616629212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E ( APOE) is a member of the apolipoprotein gene family. APOE is polymorphic with 3 main allelic types: ∊2, ∊3, and ∊4. Certain of these alleles have been associated with higher vascular risk. However, the association of APOE genotypes with retinal biomarkers and risk of retinal stroke is less clear. This study evaluated the role of APOE polymorphisms in retinal vein occlusion (RVO). In the present study, 2-point mutations coding amino acid residues 112 and 158 were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from DNA extracted from Tunisian participants. APOE genotypes were determined by multiplex PCR followed by molecular hybridization. Eighty-eight patients (26 women and 62 men) and 100 age- and gender-matched healthy participants were enrolled. The statistical study revealed a higher frequency of the ∊4 allele in patients as compared to controls (27.3% vs 9%) with a significant association of the ∊4 allele with the disease ( P < 10−3, Pa < 10−3, odds ratio [OR] = 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.1-6.8). The frequency of the ∊3 allele was significantly lower in the patients with RVO compared to the controls (60.2% vs 82.5%, respectively; P < 10−3, Pa < 10−3, OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.19-0.53). The ∊3 allele seems to be protective against the disease. There was no association between the APO ∊2 allele and RVO. The association of APOE allele and genotype with RVO requires further investigation in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Mrad
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d’Hématologie Hôpital Militaire Principal d’Instruction de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie
- Faculté des Science de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, El Manar, Tunisie
| | - Najiba Fekih-Mrissa
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d’Hématologie Hôpital Militaire Principal d’Instruction de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie
- Académie Militaire Fondouk Jédid, Nabeul, Tunisie
| | - Cheima Wathek
- Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Militaire Principal d’Instruction de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Aicha Sayeh
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d’Hématologie Hôpital Militaire Principal d’Instruction de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie
- Faculté des Science de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, El Manar, Tunisie
| | - Afef Maalej
- Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Militaire Principal d’Instruction de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Riadh Rannen
- Service d’Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Militaire Principal d’Instruction de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis el Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Brahim Nsiri
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Service d’Hématologie Hôpital Militaire Principal d’Instruction de Tunis, Montfleury, Tunisie
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
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Zeng J, Liu H, Liu X, Ding C. The Relationship Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:5238-45. [PMID: 26258610 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies assessed the associations between Helicobacter pylori infection and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and produced inconsistent results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of H. pylori infection on OAG risk. METHODS Relevant studies that reported the associations between H. pylori infection and OAG were identified through an extensive search of the Exerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Web of Science, and PubMed databases in English and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and Wan Fang databases in Chinese, and by reviewing the reference lists of the key articles. The summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the random-effects model. RESULTS This meta-analysis involved 695 glaucoma patients and 1580 control individuals. The overall combined ORs showed a significant correlation between H. pylori infection and OAG (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.42-3.04). The subgroup analysis showed the association of H. pylori infection with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG; OR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.27-2.46) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG; OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.76-5.34), but not with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXFG; OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 0.40-5.30). CONCLUSIONS The result of this meta-analysis suggested a statistically significant association between H. pylori infection and OAG. Further analysis showed that this positive relation is observed only in POAG and NTG patients, but not in the PXFG patients.
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Guo H, Li M, Wang Z, Liu Q, Wu X. Association of MYOC and APOE promoter polymorphisms and primary open-angle glaucoma: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:2052-2064. [PMID: 25932136 PMCID: PMC4402783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form of glaucoma with a genetic predisposition. The relationship between polymorphisms in MYOC or APOE promoter region and POAG has been addressed in many case-control studies, but the published results were not consistent. METHODS A meta-analysis assessing the association between five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (in MYOC promoter: rs12035719 and rs2075648; in APOE promoter: rs405509, rs769446 and rs449647) and the risk of POAG was performed based on included studies from literature research. In fixed effect model or random effect model, the Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to evaluate the genetic association. Stratification analysis was also conducted to test the association within Asian or Caucasian populations. RESULTS Twenty five case-control studies within multiple populations were identified and no publish bias was observed. Significant association was detected between POAG risk and MYOC rs2075648 in Caucasian (GA+AA vs. GG, OR=0.587, 95% CI=0.437-0.788, P < 0.001). For other SNPs and in other ethnic populations, no statistic evidence was detected for significant association between them and the development of POAG. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested a genetic association between one of MYOC polymorphism (rs2075648) and the risk of POAG only in Caucasian population. The significant heterogeneity for this locus might imply the different POAG genetic basis among different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Minghao Li
- School of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Qiji Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of The Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of MedicineJinan, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan, China
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12
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Li D, Zhou M, Peng X, Sun H. Homocysteine, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism, and risk of retinal vein occlusion: an updated meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol 2014; 14:147. [PMID: 25428529 PMCID: PMC4255450 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-14-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the role of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and homozygosity for the thermolabile variant of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T genotype in the risk of retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods Relevant studies were selected through an extensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science databases. Summary weighted mean differences (WMDs) or odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with a random-effects model. Results Forty-two studies with 6445 participants were included in this updated systematic review and meta-analysis. The mean plasma tHcy level in the RVO patients was significantly higher than in the controls (WMD =2.13 μmol/L; 95% CI: 1.29 to 2.98, P < 0.001), but there was evidence of between-study heterogeneity (P < 0.001). No significant association between MTHFR C677T genotype and RVO was found under all genetic models. Conclusion There was some evidence that plasma tHcy is associated with an increased risk of RVO. There was no evidence to suggest an association between homozygosity for the MTHFR C677T genotype and RVO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaoyan Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 17 Hougou Lane, Chongnei Street, Beijing 100005, China.
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Liao R, Ye M, Xu X. An updated meta-analysis: apolipoprotein E genotypes and risk of primary open-angle glaucoma. Mol Vis 2014; 20:1025-36. [PMID: 25053873 PMCID: PMC4105115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the association of apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS After a systematic literature search, all relevant studies evaluating the association between APOE polymorphisms and POAG were included. All statistical tests were calculated with Stata 11.0. RESULTS Twelve independent studies on the APOE gene (1,971 cases, 1,756 controls) and POAG were included. A significant association between the APOE gene and POAG was found in the genetic model of ε4/ε4 versus ε3/ε3 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-3.88, p = 0.02). However, no association was detected in the models of ε2/ε2 versus ε3/ε3, ε2/ε3 versus ε3/ε3, ε2/ε4 versus ε3/ε3, ε3/ε4 versus ε3/ε3, allele ε2 versus allele ε3, and allele ε4 versus allele ε3. Subgroup analyses showed that a statistically significant association between the APOE gene and the risk of POAG existed in the genetic model of ε4/ε4 versus ε3/ε3 in Asians (OR = 3.55, 95% CI = 1.06-11.87, p = 0.04). No association was identified between the APOE gene and the risk of POAG in Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis indicated that the ε4/ε4 genotype is associated with increased risk of POAG in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Minjie Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiping Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Wang Y, Zhou YF, Zhao BY, Gu ZY, Li SL. Apolipoprotein E gene ε4ε4 is associated with elevated risk of primary open angle glaucoma in Asians: a meta-analysis. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:60. [PMID: 24885013 PMCID: PMC4035820 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene ε2/ε3/ε4 polymorphism and glaucoma susceptibility. However, the published data are still inconclusive. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the impact of APOE gene ε2/ε3/ε4 polymorphism on glaucoma risk by using meta-analysis. Methods A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Elsevier Science Direct and CNKI databases was conducted to identify relevant articles, with the last report up to January 5, 2014. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the strength of association by using the fixed or random effect model. Results Fifteen separate studies including 2,700 cases and 2,365 controls were included in the meta-analysis. We did not detect a significant association between APOE gene ε2/ε3/ε4 polymorphism and glaucoma in overall population (P > 0.0083). In Asians, we detected an association of the ε4ε4 genotype with elevated risk for glaucoma (OR = 5.22, 95% CI = 1.85-14.68, P = 0.002), mainly for primary open angle glaucoma (OR = 4.98, 95% CI = 1.75-14.20, P = 0.003). Conclusions The meta-analysis suggests that APOE gene ε4ε4 may be associated with elevated risk for primary open angle glaucoma in Asians. However, more epidemiologic studies based on larger sample size, case–control design and stratified by ethnicity as well as types of glaucoma are suggested to further clarify the relationship between APOE gene ε2/ε3/ε4 polymorphism and genetic predisposition to glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shou-Ling Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
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