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Kondkar AA, Azad TA, Sultan T, Khatlani T, Alshehri AA, Radhakrishnan R, Lobo GP, Alsirhy E, Almobarak FA, Osman EA, Al-Obeidan SA. APOE ε2-Carriers Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma in Patients of Saudi Origin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4571. [PMID: 38674156 PMCID: PMC11050284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphisms (rs429358 and rs7412) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) in a Saudi cohort. Genotyping of 437 DNA samples (251 controls, 92 PACG, 94 PXG) was conducted using PCR-based Sanger sequencing. The results showed no significant differences in the allele and genotype frequencies of rs429358 and rs7412 between the PACG/PXG cases and controls. Haplotype analysis revealed ε3 as predominant, followed by ε4 and ε2 alleles, with no significant variance in PACG/PXG. However, APOE genotype analysis indicated a significant association between ε2-carriers and PACG (odds ratio = 4.82, 95% CI 1.52-15.26, p = 0.007), whereas no notable association was observed with PXG. Logistic regression confirmed ε2-carriers as a significant predictor for PACG (p = 0.008), while age emerged as significant for PXG (p < 0.001). These findings suggest a potential role of ε2-carriers in PACG risk within the Saudi cohort. Further validation and larger-scale investigations are essential to elucidate the precise role of APOE in PACG pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf A. Kondkar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia (E.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
- Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taif A. Azad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia (E.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
| | - Tahira Sultan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia (E.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
| | - Tanvir Khatlani
- Department of Blood and Cancer Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alshehri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Abdulrahman Alfaisal Hospital, Riyadh 14723, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakesh Radhakrishnan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55347, USA; (R.R.)
| | - Glenn P. Lobo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55347, USA; (R.R.)
| | - Ehab Alsirhy
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia (E.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
| | - Faisal A. Almobarak
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia (E.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
| | - Essam A. Osman
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia (E.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
| | - Saleh A. Al-Obeidan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia (E.A.); (S.A.A.-O.)
- Glaucoma Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
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