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Sécher T, Cortes M, Boisseau C, Barba Goudiaby MT, Pitiot A, Parent C, Thomas M, Heuzé-Vourc’h N. Synergy between Lactobacillus murinus and anti-PcrV antibody delivered in the airways to boost protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101330. [PMID: 39314638 PMCID: PMC11418128 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies (Ab) have revolutionized the management of multiple illnesses including respiratory tract infections (RTIs). However, anti-infectious Ab displayed several limitations including antigen restrictiveness, narrowed therapeutic windows, and limited dose in the vicinity of the target when delivered by parenteral routes. Strategies enhancing further Ab-dependent containment of infection are currently needed. Here we showed that a combination of inhaled anti-infectious Ab and probiotics is an efficient formulation to protect against lung infection. Using a mouse model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonia, we demonstrated a synergistic effect reducing both bacterial burden and pro-inflammatory response affording protection against primary and secondary infections. This is the first study showing that the local combination in the airways of anti-infective Ab and probiotics subverts suboptimal potency of Ab monotherapy and provides protection against respiratory pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sécher
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100 Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100 Tours, France
| | - Mélanie Cortes
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100 Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100 Tours, France
| | - Chloé Boisseau
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100 Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100 Tours, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Barba Goudiaby
- Institut Micalis, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1319 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Aubin Pitiot
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100 Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100 Tours, France
| | - Christelle Parent
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100 Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100 Tours, France
| | - Muriel Thomas
- Institut Micalis, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1319 Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc’h
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100 Tours, France
- Université de Tours, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100 Tours, France
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2
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Nagraj AK, Shukla M, Kulkarni M, Patil P, Borgave M, Banerjee SK. Reversal of carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by camelid single domain antibody fragment (VHH) against the C4-dicarboxylate transporter. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2024; 77:612-626. [PMID: 38886486 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-024-00748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is emerging as the new healthcare crisis necessitating the development of newer classes of drugs using non-traditional approaches. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the most common pathogens involved in nosocomial infections, is extremely difficult to treat even with the last resort frontline drug, the carbapenems. As the pathogen has the ability to acquire resistance to new small-molecule antibiotics, being deployed, a novel biological approach has been tried using antibody fragments in combination with carbapenems and β-lactams as adjunct therapy for an enduring solution to the problem. In this study, we developed a camelid antibody fragment (VHH) library against P. aeruginosa and isolated a highly potent hit, PsC23. Mass spectrometry identified the target to be a component of the C4-dicarboxylate transporter that feeds metabolites to the glyoxylate shunt particularly under conditions of oxidative stress. PsC23 is bacteriostatic at a concentration of 1.66 µM (25 µg ml-1) and shows a synergistic effect with both the classes of drugs at an effective concentration of 100-200 nM (1.5-3.0 µg ml-1) when co administered with them. In combination with meropenem the VHH completely cleared the infection from a neutropenic mouse with a carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa systemic infection. Blocking the glyoxylate shunt by PsC23 resulted in disruption of energy transduction due to a respiratory shift to the oxygen-depleted TCA cycle causing inhibition of efflux and increased free radical generation from carbapenems and β-lactams exerting a strong bactericidal effect that reversed the resistance to multiple unrelated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pratik Patil
- AbGenics Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd, Pune, 411045, India
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3
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Vitiello A, Rezza G, Silenzi A, Salzano A, Alise M, Boccellino MR, Ponzo A, Zovi A, Sabbatucci M. Therapeutic Strategies to Combat Increasing Rates of Multidrug Resistant Pathogens. Pharm Res 2024; 41:1557-1571. [PMID: 39107513 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobic-resistant infectious pathogens and the consequent rising in the incidence and prevalence of demises caused by or associated to infections which are not sensitive to drug treatments is one of today's major global health challenges. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can bring to therapeutic failure, infection's persistence and risk of serious illness, in particular in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, patients with neoplastic diseases or the immunocompromised. It is assessed that AMR will induce until 10 million deaths per year by 2050, becoming the leading cause of disease-related deaths. The World Health Organisation (WHO) and the United Nations General Assembly urgently call for new measures to combat the phenomenon. Research and development of new antimicrobial agents has decreased due to market failure. However, promising results are coming from new alternative therapeutic strategies such as monoclonal antibodies, microbiome modulators, nanomaterial-based therapeutics, vaccines, and phages. This narrative review aimed to analyse the benefits and weaknesses of alternative therapeutic strategies to antibiotics which treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vitiello
- Directorate-General for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rezza
- Directorate-General for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Silenzi
- Directorate-General for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Salzano
- Directorate-General for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Mosè Alise
- Directorate General of Animal Health and Veterinary Medicines, Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Annarita Ponzo
- Department of Biology L. Spallanzani, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Zovi
- Directorate General for Hygiene, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Michela Sabbatucci
- Department Infectious Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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4
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MacNair CR, Rutherford ST, Tan MW. Alternative therapeutic strategies to treat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:262-275. [PMID: 38082064 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Resistance threatens to render antibiotics - which are essential for modern medicine - ineffective, thus posing a threat to human health. The discovery of novel classes of antibiotics able to overcome resistance has been stalled for decades, with the developmental pipeline relying almost entirely on variations of existing chemical scaffolds. Unfortunately, this approach has been unable to keep pace with resistance evolution, necessitating new therapeutic strategies. In this Review, we highlight recent efforts to discover non-traditional antimicrobials, specifically describing the advantages and limitations of antimicrobial peptides and macrocycles, antibodies, bacteriophages and antisense oligonucleotides. These approaches have the potential to stem the tide of resistance by expanding the physicochemical property space and target spectrum occupied by currently approved antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R MacNair
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven T Rutherford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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5
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Sathe N, Beech P, Croft L, Suphioglu C, Kapat A, Athan E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Infections and novel approaches to treatment "Knowing the enemy" the threat of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and exploring novel approaches to treatment. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2023; 2:178-194. [PMID: 38073886 PMCID: PMC10699684 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium with a comparatively large genome and an impressive genetic capability allowing it to grow in a variety of environments and tolerate a wide range of physical conditions. This biological flexibility enables the P. aeruginosa to cause a broad range of infections in patients with serious underlying medical conditions, and to be a principal cause of health care associated infection worldwide. The clinical manifestations of P. aeruginosa include mostly health care associated infections and community-acquired infections. P. aeruginosa possesses an array of virulence factors that counteract host defence mechanisms. It can directly damage host tissue while utilizing high levels of intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance mechanisms to counter most classes of antibiotics. P. aeruginosa co-regulates multiple resistance mechanisms by perpetually moving targets poses a significant therapeutic challenge. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel approaches in the development of anti-Pseudomonas agents. Here we review the principal infections caused by P. aeruginosa and we discuss novel therapeutic options to tackle antibiotic resistance and treatment of P. aeruginosa infections that may be further developed for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Sathe
- Reliance Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400701, India
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Peter Beech
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Larry Croft
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Cenk Suphioglu
- NeuroAllergy Research Laboratory, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong Campus at Waurn Ponds, 75 Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Arnab Kapat
- Reliance Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Centre, Thane Belapur Road, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400701, India
| | - Eugene Athan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, PO Box 281 Geelong 3220, Australia
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6
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Grace PS, Gunn BM, Lu LL. Engineering the supernatural: monoclonal antibodies for challenging infectious diseases. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 78:102818. [PMID: 36242952 PMCID: PMC9612313 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies can be deployed faster than antimicrobials and vaccines. However, the majority of mAbs treat cancer and autoimmune diseases, whereas a minority treat infection. This is in part because targeting a single antigen by the antibody Fab domain is insufficient to stop the dynamic microbial life cycle. Thus, finding the 'right' antigens remains the focus of intense investigations. Equally important is the antibody-Fc domain that has the capacity to induce immune responses that enhance neutralization, and limit pathology and transmission. While Fc-effector functions have been less deeply studied, conceptual and technical advances reveal previously underappreciated antibody potential to combat diseases from microbes difficult to address with current diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines, including S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, P. falciparum, and M. tuberculosis. What is learned about engineering antibodies for these challenging organisms will enhance our approach to new and emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Grace
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Lenette L Lu
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Parkland Health & Hospital System, United States.
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7
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Inhaled antibiotics in critical care: state of the art and future perspectives. Infect Dis Now 2022; 52:327-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Kalelkar PP, Riddick M, García AJ. Biomaterial-based delivery of antimicrobial therapies for the treatment of bacterial infections. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2022; 7:39-54. [PMID: 35330939 PMCID: PMC8938918 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including strains that are resistant to last-resort antibiotics, and the limited ability of antibiotics to eradicate biofilms, have necessitated the development of alternative antibacterial therapeutics. Antibacterial biomaterials, such as polycationic polymers, and biomaterial-assisted delivery of non-antibiotic therapeutics, such as bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides and antimicrobial enzymes, have improved our ability to treat antibiotic-resistant and recurring infections. Biomaterials not only allow targeted delivery of multiple agents, but also sustained release at the infection site, thereby reducing potential systemic adverse effects. In this Review, we discuss biomaterial-based non-antibiotic antibacterial therapies for the treatment of community- and hospital-acquired infectious diseases, with a focus in in vivo results. We highlight the translational potential of different biomaterial-based strategies, and provide a perspective on the challenges associated with their clinical translation. Finally, we discuss the future scope of biomaterial-assisted antibacterial therapies. WEB SUMMARY The development of antibiotic tolerance and resistance has demanded the search for alternative antibacterial therapies. This Review discusses antibacterial biomaterials and biomaterial-assisted delivery of non-antibiotic therapeutics for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases, with a focus on clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav P. Kalelkar
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Milan Riddick
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Andrés J. García
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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9
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Production of an Antibody Fragment (scFv) Targeting PcrV Protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Fed-Batch Cultivation Mode. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2021; 25:390-8. [PMID: 34641643 PMCID: PMC8744694 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.25.6.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the opportunistic pathogens causing frequent hospital-acquired life-threatening infections in mechanically ventilated patients. The most significant virulence factor of P. aeruginosa is T3SS. PcrV is an important structural protein of the T3SS. Methods: In the current investigation, a recombinant scFv mAb against the PcrV protein was expressed in EnBase® (fed-batch) cultivation mode. The pETiteTM N-His SUMO Kan vector, including anti-PcrV scFv gene, was transformed into Escherichia coli (BL21) cells. The expression and solubility of anti-PcrV scFv protein were investigated at two different temperatures (25 °C and 30 °C) and at different induction times (4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours). Results: Increased efficiency was achieved by EnBase® compared to LB broth; owing to the slow release of glucose, the maximum level of solubility and total protein expression was observed in EnBase® cultivation system at 30 °C and 24 h post induction. Furthermore, IC50 for anti-PcrV scFv protein was determined to be approximately 7 μg/mL. Conclusion: Anti-PcrV scFv produced in this study showed promising in vitro results, protecting RBC from lysis by P. aeruginosa (exoU+).
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10
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Bobrov AG, Getnet D, Swierczewski B, Jacobs A, Medina-Rojas M, Tyner S, Watters C, Antonic V. Evaluation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis and therapeutics in military-relevant animal infection models. APMIS 2021; 130:436-457. [PMID: 34132418 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern combat-related injuries are often associated with acute polytrauma. As a consequence of severe combat-related injuries, a dysregulated immune response results in serious infectious complications. The gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that often causes life-threatening bloodstream, lung, bone, urinary tract, and wound infections following combat-related injuries. The rise in the number of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains has elevated its importance to civilian clinicians and military medicine. Development of novel therapeutics and treatment options for P. aeruginosa infections is urgently needed. During the process of drug discovery and therapeutic testing, in vivo testing in animal models is a critical step in the bench-to-bedside approach, and required for Food and Drug Administration approval. Here, we review current and past literature with a focus on combat injury-relevant animal models often used to understand infection development, the interplay between P. aeruginosa and the host, and evaluation of novel treatments. Specifically, this review focuses on the following animal infection models: wound, burn, bone, lung, urinary tract, foreign body, and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Bobrov
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Derese Getnet
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Brett Swierczewski
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna Jacobs
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Medina-Rojas
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Stuart Tyner
- US Army Medical Research and Development Command Military Infectious Diseases Research Program, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Chase Watters
- Naval Medical Research Unit-3, Ghana Detachment, Accra, Ghana
| | - Vlado Antonic
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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11
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Desgrouas M, Ehrmann S. Inhaled antibiotics during mechanical ventilation-why it will work. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:598. [PMID: 33987296 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled antibiotics are a common therapy among patients suffering recurrent or chronic pulmonary infections. Their use is less frequent in acutely ill patients despite a strong theoretical rationale and growing evidence of their efficiency, safety and beneficial effect on reducing bacterial resistance emergence. Clinical trials of inhaled antibiotics have shown contradictory results among mechanically ventilated patients. The optimal nebulization setup, not always implemented in all trials, the difficulty to identify the population most likely to benefit and the testing of various therapeutic strategies such as adjunctive versus alternative to systemic antibiotics may explain the disparity in trial results. The present review first presents the reasons why inhaled antibiotics have to be developed and the benefits to be expected of inhaled anti-infectious therapy among mechanically ventilated patients. A second part develops the constraints of aerosolized therapies that one has to be aware of and the simple actions required during nebulization to ensure optimal delivery to the distal lung parenchyma. Positive and negative studies concerning inhaled antibiotics are compared to understand the discrepancies of their findings and conclusions. The last part presents current developments and perspective which will likely turn it into a fully successful therapeutic modality, and makes the link between inhaled antibiotics and inhaled anti-infectious therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Desgrouas
- CHRU Tours, Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Tours, France.,CHR Orléans, Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Orléans, France.,INSERM, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires, U1100, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Stephan Ehrmann
- CHRU Tours, Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Tours, France.,INSERM, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires, U1100, Université de Tours, Tours, France
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12
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13
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Hotinger JA, May AE. Antibodies Inhibiting the Type III Secretion System of Gram-Negative Pathogenic Bacteria. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9030035. [PMID: 32726928 PMCID: PMC7551047 DOI: 10.3390/antib9030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria are a global health threat, with over 2 million infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria every year in the United States. This problem is exacerbated by the increase in resistance to common antibiotics that are routinely used to treat these infections, creating an urgent need for innovative ways to treat and prevent virulence caused by these pathogens. Many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria use a type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject toxins and other effector proteins directly into host cells. The T3SS has become a popular anti-virulence target because it is required for pathogenesis and knockouts have attenuated virulence. It is also not required for survival, which should result in less selective pressure for resistance formation against T3SS inhibitors. In this review, we will highlight selected examples of direct antibody immunizations and the use of antibodies in immunotherapy treatments that target the bacterial T3SS. These examples include antibodies targeting the T3SS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia pestis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Shigella spp., and Chlamydia trachomatis.
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14
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Jones-Nelson O, Hilliard JJ, DiGiandomenico A, Warrener P, Alfaro A, Cheng L, Stover CK, Cohen TS, Sellman BR. The Neutrophilic Response to Pseudomonas Damages the Airway Barrier, Promoting Infection by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:745-756. [PMID: 30109945 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0107oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae are two common gram-negative pathogens that are associated with bacterial pneumonia and can often be isolated from the same patient. We used a mixed-pathogen pneumonia infection model in which mice were infected with sublethal concentrations of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae, resulting in significant lethality, outgrowth of both bacteria in the lung, and systemic dissemination of K. pneumoniae. Inflammation, induced by P. aeruginosa activation of Toll-like receptor 5, results in prolonged neutrophil recruitment to the lung and increased levels of neutrophil elastase in the airway, resulting in lung damage and epithelial barrier dysfunction. Live P. aeruginosa was not required to potentiate K. pneumoniae infection, and flagellin alone was sufficient to induce lethality when delivered along with Klebsiella. Prophylaxis with an anti-Toll-like receptor 5 antibody or Sivelestat, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, reduced neutrophil influx, inflammation, and mortality. Furthermore, pathogen-specific monoclonal antibodies targeting P. aeruginosa or K. pneumoniae prevented the outgrowth of both bacteria and reduced host inflammation and lethality. These findings suggest that coinfection with P. aeruginosa may enable the outgrowth and dissemination of K. pneumoniae, and that a pathogen- or host-specific prophylactic approach targeting P. aeruginosa may prevent or limit the severity of such infections by reducing neutrophil-induced lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alex Alfaro
- 2 Department of Laboratory Animal Research, and
| | - Lily Cheng
- 3 Department of Translational Science, MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland
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15
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McConnell MJ. Where are we with monoclonal antibodies for multidrug-resistant infections? Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1132-1138. [PMID: 30853568 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Widespread antibiotic resistance threatens the continued efficacy of antimicrobial therapy based on small-molecule antibiotics. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are particularly worrisome owing to the lack of antimicrobials retaining sufficient activity against these microorganisms. Despite the explosion in monoclonal antibody therapies that have been developed for oncologic and rheumatic indications, only three antibacterial monoclonal antibodies have been approved for clinical use. In the present review, the therapeutic potential of this drug class for treating multidrug-resistant infections is discussed, and considerations for the development of antibacterial monoclonal antibodies are presented. Finally, the state of development of monoclonal antibody therapies for some of the most problematic multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McConnell
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Hospital Acquired Infections Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain.
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16
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Domenech M, Sempere J, de Miguel S, Yuste J. Combination of Antibodies and Antibiotics as a Promising Strategy Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens of the Respiratory Tract. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2700. [PMID: 30515172 PMCID: PMC6256034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of clinical isolates associated to multidrug resistance is a serious threat worldwide in terms of public health since complicates the success of the antibiotic treatment and the resolution of the infectious process. This is of great concern in pathogens affecting the lower respiratory tract as these infections are one of the major causes of mortality in children and adults. In most cases where the respiratory pathogen is associated to multidrug-resistance, antimicrobial concentrations both in serum and at the site of infection may be insufficient and the resolution of the infection depends on the interaction of the invading pathogen with the host immune response. The outcome of these infections largely depends on the susceptibility of the pathogen to the antibiotic treatment, although the humoral and cellular immune responses also play an important role in this process. Hence, prophylactic measures or even immunotherapy are alternatives against these multi-resistant pathogens. In this sense, specific antibodies and antibiotics may act concomitantly against the respiratory pathogen. Alteration of cell surface structures by antimicrobial drugs even at sub-inhibitory concentrations might result in greater exposure of microbial ligands that are normally hidden or hardly exposed. This alteration of the bacterial envelope may stimulate opsonization by natural and/or specific antibodies or even by host defense components, increasing the recognition of the microbial pathogen by circulating phagocytes. In this review we will explain the most relevant studies, where vaccination or the use of monoclonal antibodies in combination with antimicrobial treatment has demonstrated to be an alternative strategy to overcome the impact of multidrug resistance in respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Domenech
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Sempere
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara de Miguel
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Yuste
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Amato DN, Amato DV, Adewunmi Y, Mavrodi OV, Parsons KH, Swilley SN, Braasch DA, Walker WD, Mavrodi DV, Patton DL. Using Aldehyde Synergism To Direct the Design of Degradable Pro-Antimicrobial Networks. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1983-1991. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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18
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Fong R, Kajihara K, Chen M, Hotzel I, Mariathasan S, Hazenbos WL, Lupardus PJ. Structural investigation of human S. aureus-targeting antibodies that bind wall teichoic acid. MAbs 2018; 10:979-991. [PMID: 30102105 PMCID: PMC6204806 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1501252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a growing health threat worldwide. Efforts to identify novel antibodies that target S. aureus cell surface antigens are a promising direction in the development of antibiotics that can halt MRSA infection. We biochemically and structurally characterized three patient-derived MRSA-targeting antibodies that bind to wall teichoic acid (WTA), which is a polyanionic surface glycopolymer. In S. aureus, WTA exists in both α- and β-forms, based on the stereochemistry of attachment of a N-acetylglucosamine residue to the repeating phosphoribitol sugar unit. We identified a panel of antibodies cloned from human patients that specifically recognize the α or β form of WTA, and can bind with high affinity to pathogenic wild-type strains of S. aureus bacteria. To investigate how the β-WTA specific antibodies interact with their target epitope, we determined the X-ray crystal structures of the three β-WTA specific antibodies, 4462, 4497, and 6078 (Protein Data Bank IDs 6DWI, 6DWA, and 6DW2, respectively), bound to a synthetic WTA epitope. These structures reveal that all three of these antibodies, while utilizing distinct antibody complementarity-determining region sequences and conformations to interact with β-WTA, fulfill two recognition principles: binding to the β-GlcNAc pyranose core and triangulation of WTA phosphate residues with polar contacts. These studies reveal the molecular basis for targeting a unique S. aureus cell surface epitope and highlight the power of human patient-based antibody discovery techniques for finding novel pathogen-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Fong
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA,Departments of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA,Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly Kajihara
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA,Departments of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA,Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Chen
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA,Departments of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA,Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Isidro Hotzel
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA,Departments of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA,Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Mariathasan
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA,Departments of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA,Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wouter L.W. Hazenbos
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA,Departments of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA,Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick J. Lupardus
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA,Departments of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA,Departments of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA,CONTACT Patrick J. Lupardus Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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19
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Sécher T, Guilleminault L, Reckamp K, Amanam I, Plantier L, Heuzé-Vourc'h N. Therapeutic antibodies: A new era in the treatment of respiratory diseases? Pharmacol Ther 2018; 189:149-172. [PMID: 29730443 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases affect millions of people worldwide, and account for significant levels of disability and mortality. The treatment of lung cancer and asthma with therapeutic antibodies (Abs) is a breakthrough that opens up new paradigms for the management of respiratory diseases. Antibodies are becoming increasingly important in respiratory medicine; dozens of Abs have received marketing approval, and many more are currently in clinical development. Most of these Abs target asthma, lung cancer and respiratory infections, while very few target chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - one of the most common non-communicable causes of death - and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we review Abs approved for or in clinical development for the treatment of respiratory diseases. We notably highlight their molecular mechanisms, strengths, and likely future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sécher
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - L Guilleminault
- Pôle des Voies respiratoires, Hôpital Larrey, CHU de Toulouse, F-31059 Toulouse, France; STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL 5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, Inserm, UPS, F-31013 Toulouse, France
| | - K Reckamp
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - I Amanam
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - L Plantier
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Service de Pneumologie, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - N Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, U1100, F-37032 Tours, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France.
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20
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Wang-Lin SX, Balthasar JP. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations for the Use of Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment of Bacterial Infections. Antibodies (Basel) 2018; 7:antib7010005. [PMID: 31544858 PMCID: PMC6698815 DOI: 10.3390/antib7010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens are increasingly implicated in hospital- and community-acquired infections. Recent advances in monoclonal antibody (mAb) production and engineering have led to renewed interest in the development of antibody-based therapies for treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections. Currently, there are three antibacterial mAb products approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and at least nine mAbs are in clinical trials. Antibacterial mAbs are typically developed to kill bacteria or to attenuate bacterial pathological activity through neutralization of bacterial toxins and virulence factors. Antibodies exhibit distinct pharmacological mechanisms from traditional antimicrobials and, hence, cross-resistance between small molecule antimicrobials and antibacterial mAbs is unlikely. Additionally, the long biological half-lives typically found for mAbs may allow convenient dosing and vaccine-like prophylaxis from infection. However, the high affinity of mAbs and the involvement of the host immune system in their pharmacological actions may lead to complex and nonlinear pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. In this review, we summarize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the FDA-approved antibacterial mAbs and those are currently in clinical trials. Challenges in the development of antibacterial mAbs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Xin Wang-Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
| | - Joseph P Balthasar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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21
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Ewan V, Hellyer T, Newton J, Simpson J. New horizons in hospital acquired pneumonia in older people. Age Ageing 2017; 46:352-358. [PMID: 28338911 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 1.5% of hospital patients develop hospital acquired pneumonia. Aspiration is the major risk factor for pneumonia and is associated with reduced ability to mechanically clear respiratory pathogens into the stomach. Currently non-invasive methods of diagnosing hospital acquired pneumonia are less robust than invasive methods, and lead to over-diagnosis. Accurate diagnosis is key to surveillance, prevention and treatment of HAP, and also to improving outcomes; newer imaging modalities such as phase contrast X-ray imaging and nanoparticle enhanced magnetic resonance imaging may help. Potential preventative strategies such as systematic swallowing assessment in non-stroke patients, and interventions such as improving oral hygiene need further, robust randomised controlled trials. Antibiotics are likely to continue to be the mainstay of treatment, and new antibiotics such as ceftobiprole are likely to have a role in treating hospital acquired pneumonia. Given the spread of antimicrobial resistance, alternative treatment strategies including bacteriophages, peptides and antibodies are under investigation. Reducing the incidence of hospital acquired pneumonia could decrease length of hospital stay, reduce inappropriate antibiotic use, and both improve functional outcomes and mortality in our increasingly aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ewan
- Newcastle University, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear , United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Hellyer
- Newcastle University, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear , United Kingdom
| | - Julia Newton
- Newcastle University, Clinical Academic Office, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - John Simpson
- Newcastle University, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear , United Kingdom
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22
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Targeting bacterial adherence inhibits multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection following burn injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39341. [PMID: 27996032 PMCID: PMC5171828 DOI: 10.1038/srep39341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical antimicrobial drugs target proliferation and therefore place microbes under extreme selective pressure to evolve resistance. Alternative drugs that target bacterial virulence without impacting survival directly offer an attractive solution to this problem, but to date few such molecules have been discovered. We previously discovered a widespread group of bacterial adhesins, termed Multivalent Adhesion Molecules (MAMs) that are essential for initial binding of bacteria to host tissues and virulence. Thus, targeting MAM-based adherence is a promising strategy for displacing pathogens from host tissues and inhibiting infection. Here, we show that topical application of polymeric microbeads functionalized with the adhesin MAM7 to a burn infected with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa substantially decreased bacterial loads in the wound and prevented the spread of the infection into adjacent tissues. As a consequence, the application of this adhesion inhibitor allowed for vascularization and wound healing, and maintained local and systemic inflammatory responses to the burn. We propose that MAM7-functionalized microbeads can be used as a topical treatment, to reduce bacterial attachment and hence prevent bacterial colonization and infection of wounds. As adhesion is not required for microbial survival, this anti-infective strategy has the potential to treat multidrug-resistant infections and limit the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens.
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23
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Abstract
There is a growing appreciation for the role of vaccines in confronting the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Vaccines can reduce the prevalence of resistance by reducing the need for antimicrobial use and can reduce its impact by reducing the total number of cases. By reducing the number of pathogens that may be responsible for a particular clinical syndrome, vaccines can permit the use of narrower-spectrum antibiotics for empirical therapy. These effects may be amplified by herd immunity, extending protection to unvaccinated persons in the population. Because much selection for resistance is due to selection on bystander members of the normal flora, vaccination can reduce pressure for resistance even in pathogens not included in the vaccine. Some vaccines have had disproportionate effects on drug-resistant lineages within the target species, a benefit that could be more deliberately exploited in vaccine design. We describe the effects of current vaccines in controlling AMR, survey some vaccines in development with the potential to do so further, and discuss strategies to amplify these benefits. We conclude with a discussion of research and policy priorities to more fully enlist vaccines in the battle against AMR.
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24
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Desoubeaux G, Reichert JM, Sleeman M, Reckamp KL, Ryffel B, Adamczewski JP, Sweeney TD, Vanbever R, Diot P, Owen CA, Page C, Lerondel S, Le Pape A, Heuze-Vourc'h N. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for respiratory diseases: Current challenges and perspectives, March 31 - April 1, 2016, Tours, France. MAbs 2016; 8:999-1009. [PMID: 27266390 PMCID: PMC4968091 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1196521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics have tremendous potential to benefit patients with lung diseases, for which there remains substantial unmet medical need. To capture the current state of mAb research and development in the area of respiratory diseases, the Research Center of Respiratory Diseases (CEPR-INSERM U1100), the Laboratory of Excellence “MAbImprove,” the GDR 3260 “Antibodies and therapeutic targeting,” and the Grant Research program ARD2020 “Biotherapeutics” invited speakers from industry, academic and government organizations to present their recent research results at the Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies for Respiratory Diseases: Current challenges and perspectives congress held March 31 – April 1, 2016 in Tours, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Desoubeaux
- a Université François-Rabelais , Tours , France.,b INSERM, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,c Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Janice M Reichert
- d The Antibody Society , Framingham , MA , USA.,e Reichert Biotechnology Consulting LLC , Framingham MA , USA
| | | | - Karen L Reckamp
- g City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center , Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- h Université d'Orléans , Orléans , France.,i University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM) , Cape Town , South Africa
| | | | | | - Rita Vanbever
- l Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Patrice Diot
- a Université François-Rabelais , Tours , France.,b INSERM, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,c Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Caroline A Owen
- m Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,n Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Clive Page
- o King's College, Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology , London , UK
| | | | - Alain Le Pape
- a Université François-Rabelais , Tours , France.,b INSERM, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,p PHENOMIN-TAAM CNRS, CIPA , Orléans , France
| | - Nathalie Heuze-Vourc'h
- a Université François-Rabelais , Tours , France.,b INSERM, Center d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France
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25
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Lund-Palau H, Turnbull AR, Bush A, Bardin E, Cameron L, Soren O, Wierre-Gore N, Alton EWFW, Bundy JG, Connett G, Faust SN, Filloux A, Freemont P, Jones A, Khoo V, Morales S, Murphy R, Pabary R, Simbo A, Schelenz S, Takats Z, Webb J, Williams HD, Davies JC. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis: pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016; 10:685-97. [PMID: 27175979 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2016.1177460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a remarkably versatile environmental bacterium with an extraordinary capacity to infect the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung. Infection with P. aeruginosa occurs early, and although eradication can be achieved following early detection, chronic infection occurs in over 60% of adults with CF. Chronic infection is associated with accelerated disease progression and increased mortality. Extensive research has revealed complex mechanisms by which P. aeruginosa adapts to and persists within the CF airway. Yet knowledge gaps remain, and prevention and treatment strategies are limited by the lack of sensitive detection methods and by a narrow armoury of antibiotics. Further developments in this field are urgently needed in order to improve morbidity and mortality in people with CF. Here, we summarize current knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms underlying P. aeruginosa infection in CF. Established treatments are discussed, and an overview is offered of novel detection methods and therapeutic strategies in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Lund-Palau
- a Department of Gene Therapy, National Heart and Lung Institute , Imperial College , London , UK
| | - Andrew R Turnbull
- a Department of Gene Therapy, National Heart and Lung Institute , Imperial College , London , UK.,b Department of Respiratory Paediatrics , Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - Andrew Bush
- b Department of Respiratory Paediatrics , Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK.,c National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College , London , UK
| | - Emmanuelle Bardin
- d Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine , Imperial College , London , UK
| | - Loren Cameron
- e Department of Medicine , Imperial College , London , UK
| | - Odel Soren
- f Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | | | - Eric W F W Alton
- a Department of Gene Therapy, National Heart and Lung Institute , Imperial College , London , UK
| | - Jacob G Bundy
- c National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College , London , UK
| | - Gary Connett
- g NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Saul N Faust
- g NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Alain Filloux
- h Department of Life Sciences , Imperial College , London , UK
| | - Paul Freemont
- e Department of Medicine , Imperial College , London , UK
| | - Andy Jones
- i Department of Respiratory Medicine , Royal Brompton Hospital , London , UK
| | - Valerie Khoo
- c National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College , London , UK
| | | | - Ronan Murphy
- a Department of Gene Therapy, National Heart and Lung Institute , Imperial College , London , UK
| | - Rishi Pabary
- a Department of Gene Therapy, National Heart and Lung Institute , Imperial College , London , UK
| | - Ameze Simbo
- a Department of Gene Therapy, National Heart and Lung Institute , Imperial College , London , UK
| | - Silke Schelenz
- k Department of Microbiology , Royal Brompton Hospital , London UK
| | - Zoltan Takats
- d Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine , Imperial College , London , UK
| | - Jeremy Webb
- k Department of Microbiology , Royal Brompton Hospital , London UK
| | - Huw D Williams
- g NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Jane C Davies
- a Department of Gene Therapy, National Heart and Lung Institute , Imperial College , London , UK.,b Department of Respiratory Paediatrics , Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
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26
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Parker D, Ahn D, Cohen T, Prince A. Innate Immune Signaling Activated by MDR Bacteria in the Airway. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:19-53. [PMID: 26582515 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00009.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Health care-associated bacterial pneumonias due to multiple-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens are an important public health problem and are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition to antimicrobial resistance, these organisms have adapted to the milieu of the human airway and have acquired resistance to the innate immune clearance mechanisms that normally prevent pneumonia. Given the limited efficacy of antibiotics, bacterial clearance from the airway requires an effective immune response. Understanding how specific airway pathogens initiate and regulate innate immune signaling, and whether this response is excessive, leading to host-induced pathology may guide future immunomodulatory therapy. We will focus on three of the most important causes of health care-associated pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and review the mechanisms through which an inappropriate or damaging innate immune response is stimulated, as well as describe how airway pathogens cause persistent infection by evading immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane Parker
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Taylor Cohen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Alice Prince
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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27
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Czaplewski L, Bax R, Clokie M, Dawson M, Fairhead H, Fischetti VA, Foster S, Gilmore BF, Hancock REW, Harper D, Henderson IR, Hilpert K, Jones BV, Kadioglu A, Knowles D, Ólafsdóttir S, Payne D, Projan S, Shaunak S, Silverman J, Thomas CM, Trust TJ, Warn P, Rex JH. Alternatives to antibiotics-a pipeline portfolio review. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 16:239-51. [PMID: 26795692 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have saved countless lives and enabled the development of modern medicine over the past 70 years. However, it is clear that the success of antibiotics might only have been temporary and we now expect a long-term and perhaps never-ending challenge to find new therapies to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. A broader approach to address bacterial infection is needed. In this Review, we discuss alternatives to antibiotics, which we defined as non-compound approaches (products other than classic antibacterial agents) that target bacteria or any approaches that target the host. The most advanced approaches are antibodies, probiotics, and vaccines in phase 2 and phase 3 trials. This first wave of alternatives to antibiotics will probably best serve as adjunctive or preventive therapies, which suggests that conventional antibiotics are still needed. Funding of more than £1·5 billion is needed over 10 years to test and develop these alternatives to antibiotics. Investment needs to be partnered with translational expertise and targeted to support the validation of these approaches in phase 2 trials, which would be a catalyst for active engagement and investment by the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry. Only a sustained, concerted, and coordinated international effort will provide the solutions needed for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Czaplewski
- Chemical Biology Ventures, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK; Abgentis, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Persica Pharmaceuticals, Canterbury, Kent, UK.
| | | | - Martha Clokie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Mike Dawson
- Novacta Biosystems, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, UK; Cantab Anti-infectives, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | - Vincent A Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simon Foster
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Absynth Biologics, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David Harper
- Evolution Biotechnologies, Ampthill, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kai Hilpert
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, UK; TiKa Diagnostics, London, UK
| | - Brian V Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK; Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, West Sussex, UK
| | - Aras Kadioglu
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Knowles
- Absynth Biologics, Liverpool, UK; Procarta Biosystems, Norwich, UK
| | | | - David Payne
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | | | - Sunil Shaunak
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Christopher M Thomas
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Plasgene, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Trevor J Trust
- Pan-Provincial Vaccine Enterprise, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - John H Rex
- AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA; F2G, Manchester, UK
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28
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Achkar JM, Chan J, Casadevall A. B cells and antibodies in the defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Immunol Rev 2015; 264:167-81. [PMID: 25703559 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Better understanding of the immunological components and their interactions necessary to prevent or control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in humans is critical for tuberculosis (TB) vaccine development strategies. Although the contributory role of humoral immunity in the protection against Mtb infection and disease is less defined than the role of T cells, it has been well-established for many other intracellular pathogens. Here we update and discuss the increasing evidence and the mechanisms of B cells and antibodies in the defense against Mtb infection. We posit that B cells and antibodies have a variety of potential protective roles at each stage of Mtb infection and postulate that such roles should be considered in the development strategies for TB vaccines and other immune-based interventions.
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Antibacterial monoclonal antibodies: the next generation? Curr Opin Microbiol 2015; 27:78-85. [PMID: 26302478 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a clear need for renewed efforts to combat the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance. While the antibiotic resistance epidemic is due in part to the misuse of antibiotics, even proper empiric antibiotic therapy increases the selective pressure and potential for drug-resistance and spread of resistance mechanisms between bacteria. Antibiotic resistance coupled with the detrimental effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the healthy microbiome, have led the field to explore pathogen specific antibacterials such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Medical need along with advances in mAb discovery, engineering, and production have driven significant effort developing mAb-based antibacterials. If successful, they will provide physicians with precision weapons to combat bacterial infections and can help prevent a return to a pre-antibiotic era.
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Broad-spectrum antibiotic or G-CSF as potential countermeasures for impaired control of bacterial infection associated with an SPE exposure during spaceflight. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120126. [PMID: 25793272 PMCID: PMC4368688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A major risk for astronauts during prolonged space flight is infection as a result of the combined effects of microgravity, situational and confinement stress, alterations in food intake, altered circadian rhythm, and radiation that can significantly impair the immune system and the body’s defense systems. We previously reported a massive increase in morbidity with a decrease in the ability to control a bacterial challenge when mice were maintained under hindlimb suspension (HS) conditions and exposed to solar particle event (SPE)-like radiation. HS and SPE-like radiation treatment alone resulted in a borderline significant increase in morbidity. Therefore, development and testing of countermeasures that can be used during extended space missions in the setting of exposure to SPE radiation becomes a serious need. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of enrofloxacin (an orally bioavailable antibiotic) and Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) (Neulasta) on enhancing resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice subjected to HS and SPE-like radiation. The results revealed that treatment with enrofloxacin or G-CSF enhanced bacterial clearance and significantly decreased morbidity and mortality in challenged mice exposed to suspension and radiation. These results establish that antibiotics, such as enrofloxacin, and G-CSF could be effective countermeasures to decrease the risk of bacterial infections after exposure to SPE radiation during extended space flight, thereby reducing both the risk to the crew and the danger of mission failure.
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Monoclonal antibodies against Vibrio vulnificus RtxA1 elicit protective immunity through distinct mechanisms. Infect Immun 2014; 82:4813-23. [PMID: 25156730 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02130-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus causes rapidly progressing septicemia with an extremely high mortality rate (≥50%), even with aggressive antibiotic treatment. The bacteria secrete multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxins, which are involved in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative Vibrio species. Recently, we reported that immunization with the C-terminal region of V. vulnificus RtxA1/MARTXVv, RtxA1-C, elicits a protective immune response against V. vulnificus through a poorly defined mechanism. In this study, we generated a panel of new monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against V. vulnificus RtxA1-C and investigated their protective efficacies and mechanisms in a mouse model of infection. Prophylactic administration of seven MAbs strongly protected mice against lethal V. vulnificus infection (more than 90% survival). Moreover, three of these MAbs (21RA, 24RA, and 47RA) demonstrated marked efficacy as postexposure therapy. Notably, 21RA was therapeutically effective against lethal V. vulnificus infection by a variety of routes. Using Fab fragments and a neutropenic mouse model, we showed that 21RA and 24RA mediate protection from V. vulnificus infection through an Fc-independent and/or neutrophil-independent pathway. In contrast, 47RA-mediated protection was dependent on its Fc region and was reduced to 50% in neutropenic mice compared with 21RA-mediated and 24RA-mediated protection. Bacteriological study indicated that 21RA appears to enhance the clearance of V. vulnificus from the blood. Overall, these studies suggest that humoral immunity controls V. vulnificus infection through at least two different mechanisms. Furthermore, our panel of MAbs could provide attractive candidates for the further development of immunoprophylaxis/therapeutics and other therapies against V. vulnificus that target the MARTX toxin.
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Savoia D. New perspectives in the management of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:917-28. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a major health problem, especially for immune-compromised and cystic fibrosis patients, owing to the particular drug resistance of the microorganism. The aim of this review is to provide recent insights into strategies under investigation for prevention and therapy of these infections. In this survey, the approach directed against bacterial biofilm formation and quorum-sensing systems was focused, along with the evaluation of the treatment with bacteriophages. New interesting, developmental studies and clinical trials to prevent or treat infections due to this opportunistic pathogen are based on active and passive immunotherapy. Some monoclonal antibodies and different vaccines against this microorganism have been developed in the last few decades, even though to date none of them have obtained market authorization.
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Vincent JL. Vaccine development and passive immunization for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in critically ill patients: a clinical update. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:457-63. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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PrtR homeostasis contributes to Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis and resistance against ciprofloxacin. Infect Immun 2014; 82:1638-47. [PMID: 24491574 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01388-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes acute and chronic infections in humans. Pyocins are bacteriocins produced by P. aeruginosa that are usually released through lysis of the producer strains. Expression of pyocin genes is negatively regulated by PrtR, which gets cleaved under SOS response, leading to upregulation of pyocin synthetic genes. Previously, we demonstrated that PrtR is required for the expression of type III secretion system (T3SS), which is an important virulence component of P. aeruginosa. In this study, we demonstrate that mutation in prtR results in reduced bacterial colonization in a mouse acute pneumonia model. Examination of bacterial and host cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from infected mice revealed that expression of PrtR is induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) released by neutrophils. We further demonstrate that treatment with hydrogen peroxide or ciprofloxacin, known to induce the SOS response and pyocin production, resulted in an elevated PrtR mRNA level. Overexpression of PrtR by a tac promoter repressed the endogenous prtR promoter activity, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that PrtR binds to its own promoter, suggesting an autorepressive mechanism of regulation. A high level of PrtR expressed from a plasmid resulted in increased T3SS gene expression during infection and higher resistance against ciprofloxacin. Overall, our results suggest that the autorepression of PrtR contributes to the maintenance of a relatively stable level of PrtR, which is permissive to T3SS gene expression in the presence of ROS while increasing bacterial tolerance to stresses, such as ciprofloxacin, by limiting pyocin production.
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