1
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Rahman M, Mahady Dip T, Padhye R, Houshyar S. Review on electrically conductive smart nerve guide conduit for peripheral nerve regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1916-1950. [PMID: 37555548 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
At present, peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are one of the leading causes of substantial impairment around the globe. Complete recovery of nerve function after an injury is challenging. Currently, autologous nerve grafts are being used as a treatment; however, this has several downsides, for example, donor site morbidity, shortage of donor sites, loss of sensation, inflammation, and neuroma development. The most promising alternative is the development of a nerve guide conduit (NGC) to direct the restoration and renewal of neuronal axons from the proximal to the distal end to facilitate nerve regeneration and maximize sensory and functional recovery. Alternatively, the response of nerve cells to electrical stimulation (ES) has a substantial regenerative effect. The incorporation of electrically conductive biomaterials in the fabrication of smart NGCs facilitates the function of ES throughout the active proliferation state. This article overviews the potency of the various categories of electroactive smart biomaterials, including conductive and piezoelectric nanomaterials, piezoelectric polymers, and organic conductive polymers that researchers have employed latterly to fabricate smart NGCs and their potentiality in future clinical application. It also summarizes a comprehensive analysis of the recent research and advancements in the application of ES in the field of NGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafijur Rahman
- Center for Materials Innovation and Future Fashion (CMIFF), School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University, Brunswick, Australia
- Department of Dyes and Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Mahady Dip
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Yarn Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rajiv Padhye
- Center for Materials Innovation and Future Fashion (CMIFF), School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University, Brunswick, Australia
| | - Shadi Houshyar
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Wu L, Gao H, Han Q, Guan W, Sun S, Zheng T, Liu Y, Wang X, Huang R, Li G. Piezoelectric materials for neuroregeneration: a review. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7296-7310. [PMID: 37812084 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01111a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of nerve regeneration via tissue engineering strategies is to create a microenvironment that mimics natural nerve growth for achieving functional recovery. Biomaterial scaffolds offer a promising option for the clinical treatment of large nerve gaps due to the rapid advancement of materials science and regenerative medicine. The design of biomimetic scaffolds should take into account the inherent properties of the nerve and its growth environment, such as stiffness, topography, adhesion, conductivity, and chemical functionality. Various advanced techniques have been employed to develop suitable scaffolds for nerve repair. Since neuronal cells have electrical activity, the transmission of bioelectrical signals is crucial for the functional recovery of nerves. Therefore, an ideal peripheral nerve scaffold should have electrical activity properties similar to those of natural nerves, in addition to a delicate structure. Piezoelectric materials can convert stress changes into electrical signals that can activate different intracellular signaling pathways critical for cell activity and function, which makes them potentially useful for nerve tissue regeneration. However, a comprehensive review of piezoelectric materials for neuroregeneration is still lacking. Thus, this review systematically summarizes the development of piezoelectric materials and their application in the field of nerve regeneration. First, the electrical signals and natural piezoelectricity phenomenon in various organisms are briefly introduced. Second, the most commonly used piezoelectric materials in neural tissue engineering, including biocompatible piezoelectric polymers, inorganic piezoelectric materials, and natural piezoelectric materials, are classified and discussed. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of piezoelectric materials for application in nerve regeneration are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linliang Wu
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P. R. China.
- The People's Hospital of Rugao, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226599, Nantong, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Gao
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Science and Technology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Guan
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P. R. China.
| | - Shaolan Sun
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P. R. China.
| | - Tiantian Zheng
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P. R. China.
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Suzhou SIMATECH Co. Ltd, 215168, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ran Huang
- Zhejiang Cathaya International Co., Ltd, 310006, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guicai Li
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, P. R. China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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3
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Maeng WY, Tseng WL, Li S, Koo J, Hsueh YY. Electroceuticals for peripheral nerve regeneration. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35995036 PMCID: PMC10109522 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac8baa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Electroceuticals provide promising opportunities for peripheral nerve regeneration, in terms of modulating the extensive endogenous tissue repair mechanisms between neural cell body, axons and target muscles. However, great challenges remain to deliver effective and controllable electroceuticals via bioelectronic implantable device. In this review, the modern fabrication methods of bioelectronic conduit for bridging critical nerve gaps after nerve injury are summarized, with regard to conductive materials and core manufacturing process. In addition, to deliver versatile electrical stimulation, the integration of implantable bioelectronic device is discussed, including wireless energy harvesters, actuators and sensors. Moreover, a comprehensive insight of beneficial mechanisms is presented, including up-to-date in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence. By integrating conductive biomaterials, 3D engineering manufacturing process and bioelectronic platform to deliver versatile electroceuticals, the modern biofabrication enables comprehensive biomimetic therapies for neural tissue engineering and regeneration in the new era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Youl Maeng
- Bio-Medical Engineering, Korea University, B156, B, Hana Science Hall, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Wan Ling Tseng
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, No.138, Sheng-Li road, Tainan, 701, TAIWAN
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 5121 Eng V, Los Angeles, California, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | - Jahyun Koo
- Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02841, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Yuan-Yu Hsueh
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, No.138, Sheng-Li road, Tainan, 701, TAIWAN
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4
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Zhao G, Zhou H, Jin G, Jin B, Geng S, Luo Z, Ge Z, Xu F. Rational Design of Electrically Conductive Biomaterials toward Excitable Tissues Regeneration. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Bruschi A, Donati DM, Choong P, Lucarelli E, Wallace G. Dielectric Elastomer Actuators, Neuromuscular Interfaces, and Foreign Body Response in Artificial Neuromuscular Prostheses: A Review of the Literature for an In Vivo Application. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100041. [PMID: 34085772 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inability to replace human muscle in surgical practice is a significant challenge. An artificial muscle controlled by the nervous system is considered a potential solution for this. Here, this is defined as a neuromuscular prosthesis. Muscle loss and dysfunction related to musculoskeletal oncological impairments, neuromuscular diseases, trauma or spinal cord injuries can be treated through artificial muscle implantation. At present, the use of dielectric elastomer actuators working as capacitors appears a promising option. Acrylic or silicone elastomers with carbon nanotubes functioning as the electrode achieve mechanical performances similar to human muscle in vitro. However, mechanical, electrical, and biological issues have prevented clinical application to date. Here materials and mechatronic solutions are presented which can tackle current clinical problems associated with implanting an artificial muscle controlled by the nervous system. Progress depends on the improvement of the actuation properties of the elastomer, seamless or wireless integration between the nervous system and the artificial muscle, and on reducing the foreign body response. It is believed that by combining the mechanical, electrical, and biological solutions proposed here, an artificial neuromuscular prosthesis may be a reality in surgical practice in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bruschi
- 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic prevalently Oncologic IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli Via Pupilli 1 Bologna 40136 Italy
| | - Davide Maria Donati
- 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic prevalently Oncologic IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli Via Pupilli 1 Bologna 40136 Italy
| | - Peter Choong
- University of Melbourne–Department of Surgery St. Vincent's Hospital Fitzroy Melbourne Victoria 3065 Australia
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Unit of Orthopaedic Pathology and Osteoarticular Tissue Regeneration 3rdOrthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli Via di Barbiano 1/10 Bologna 40136 Italy
| | - Gordon Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science AIIM Facility University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
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6
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Wu F, Jiao C, Yang Y, Liu F, Sun Z. Nerve conduit based on HAP/PDLLA/PRGD for peripheral nerve regeneration with sustained release of valproic acid. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1733-1742. [PMID: 33851759 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The nerve conduits have been developed for nerve defect repair. However, no artificial conduits have obtained comparable results to autografts to bridge the large gaps. A possible reason for this poor performance may be a lack of sustainable neurotrophic support for axonal regrowth. Previous studies suggested nanocomposite conduits can be used as a carrier for valproic acid (VPA), a common drug that can produce effects similar to the neurotrophic factors. Here, we developed the novel bioabsorbable conduits based on hydroxyapatite/poly d-l-lactic acid (PDLLA)/poly{(lactic acid)-co-[(glycolic acid)-alt-(l-lysine)]} with sustained release of VPA. Firstly, the sustained release of VPA in this conduit was examined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Then Schwann cells were treated with the conduit extracts. The cell metabolic activity and proliferation were assayed by 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2-tetrazolium bromide and bromodeoxyuridine staining. A 10-mm segment of rat sciatic nerve was resected and then repaired, respectively, using the VPA conduit (Group A), the PDLLA conduit (Group B), or the autografts (Group C). Nerve conduction velocities (NCVs), compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs), and histological staining were assayed following the surgery. The cell metabolic activity and proliferation were significantly increased (p < .05) by the extracts from VPA-conduit extract compared to others. NCVs and CMAPs were significantly higher in Groups A and C than Group B (p < .05). The nerve density of Groups A and C was higher than Group B. There was no significant difference between Groups A and C. Taken together, this study suggested the sustained-release VPA conduit promoted peripheral nerve regeneration that was comparable to the autografts. It holds potential for future use in nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chuanjie Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Yangxin People's Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhibo Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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7
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Amini S, Salehi H, Setayeshmehr M, Ghorbani M. Natural and synthetic polymeric scaffolds used in peripheral nerve tissue engineering: Advantages and disadvantages. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Amini
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences hezarjerib Isfahan Iran
- Student Research Committee Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences hezarjerib Isfahan Iran
| | - Mohsen Setayeshmehr
- Department of Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering and Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Masoud Ghorbani
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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8
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Mazzoni E, Iaquinta MR, Lanzillotti C, Mazziotta C, Maritati M, Montesi M, Sprio S, Tampieri A, Tognon M, Martini F. Bioactive Materials for Soft Tissue Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:613787. [PMID: 33681157 PMCID: PMC7933465 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.613787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, age-related pathologies have increased abreast the aging population worldwide. The increased age of the population indicates that new tools, such as biomaterials/scaffolds for damaged tissues, which display high efficiency, effectively and in a limited period of time, for the regeneration of the body's tissue are needed. Indeed, scaffolds can be used as templates for three-dimensional tissue growth in order to promote the tissue healing stimulating the body's own regenerative mechanisms. In tissue engineering, several types of biomaterials are employed, such as bioceramics including calcium phosphates, bioactive glasses, and glass-ceramics. These scaffolds seem to have a high potential as biomaterials in regenerative medicine. In addition, in conjunction with other materials, such as polymers, ceramic scaffolds may be used to manufacture composite scaffolds characterized by high biocompatibility, mechanical efficiency and load-bearing capabilities that render these biomaterials suitable for regenerative medicine applications. Usually, bioceramics have been used to repair hard tissues, such as bone and dental defects. More recently, in the field of soft tissue engineering, this form of scaffold has also shown promising applications. Indeed, soft tissues are continuously exposed to damages, such as burns or mechanical traumas, tumors and degenerative pathology, and, thereby, thousands of people need remedial interventions such as biomaterials-based therapies. It is known that scaffolds can affect the ability to bind, proliferate and differentiate cells similar to those of autologous tissues. Therefore, it is important to investigate the interaction between bioceramics and somatic/stem cells derived from soft tissues in order to promote tissue healing. Biomimetic scaffolds are frequently employed as drug-delivery system using several therapeutic molecules to increase their biological performance, leading to ultimate products with innovative functionalities. This review provides an overview of essential requirements for soft tissue engineering biomaterials. Data on recent progresses of porous bioceramics and composites for tissue repair are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Mazziotta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Maritati
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Montesi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Simone Sprio
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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9
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PC12 cells proliferation and morphological aspects: Inquiry into raffinose-grafted graphene oxide in silk fibroin-based scaffold. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 121:111810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Farokhi M, Mottaghitalab F, Saeb MR, Shojaei S, Zarrin NK, Thomas S, Ramakrishna S. Conductive Biomaterials as Substrates for Neural Stem Cells Differentiation towards Neuronal Lineage Cells. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000123. [PMID: 33015992 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The injuries and defects in the central nervous system are the causes of disability and death of an affected person. As of now, there are no clinically available methods to enhance neural structural regeneration and functional recovery of nerve injuries. Recently, some experimental studies claimed that the injuries in brain can be repaired by progenitor or neural stem cells located in the neurogenic sites of adult mammalian brain. Various attempts have been made to construct biomimetic physiological microenvironment for neural stem cells to control their ultimate fate. Conductive materials have been considered as one the best choices for nerve regeneration due to the capacity to mimic the microenvironment of stem cells and regulate the alignment, growth, and differentiation of neural stem cells. The review highlights the use of conductive biomaterials, e.g., polypyrrole, polyaniline, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), multi-walled carbon nanotubes, single-wall carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphite oxide, for controlling the neural stem cells activities in terms of proliferation and neuronal differentiation. The effects of conductive biomaterials in axon elongation and synapse formation for optimal repair of central nervous system injuries are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
- Nanotechnology Research CentreFaculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6451, Iran
| | | | - Shahrokh Shojaei
- Stem Cells Research CenterTissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Negin Khaneh Zarrin
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, MG University, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
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11
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Ghane N, Khalili S, Nouri Khorasani S, Esmaeely Neisiany R, Das O, Ramakrishna S. Regeneration of the peripheral nerve via multifunctional electrospun scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:437-452. [PMID: 32856425 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, electrospun scaffolds have proved to be advantageous in the field of nerve tissue regeneration by connecting the cavity among the proximal and distal nerve stumps growth cones and leading to functional recovery after injury. Multifunctional nanofibrous structure of these scaffolds provides enormous potential by combining the advantages of nano-scale topography, and biological science. In these structures, selecting the appropriate materials, designing an optimized structure, modifying the surface to enhance biological functions and neurotrophic factors loading, and native cell-like stem cells should be considered as the essential factors. In this systematic review paper, the fabrication methods for the preparation of aligned nanofibrous scaffolds in yarn or conduit architecture are reviewed. Subsequently, the utilized polymeric materials, including natural, synthetic and blend are presented. Finally, their surface modification techniques, as well as, the recent advances and outcomes of the scaffolds, both in vitro and in vivo, are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Ghane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahla Khalili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Oisik Das
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Askarzadeh N, Nazarpak MH, Mansoori K, Farokhi M, Gholami M, Mohammadi J, Mottaghitalab F. Bilayer Cylindrical Conduit Consisting of Electrospun Polycaprolactone Nanofibers and DSC Cross-Linked Sodium Alginate Hydrogel to Bridge Peripheral Nerve Gaps. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000149. [PMID: 32627956 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a bilayer cylindrical conduit (P-CA) is presented consisting of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers and sodium alginate hydrogel covalently cross-linked with N,N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate (DSC). The bilayer P-CA conduit is developed by combining the electrospinning and outer-inner layer methods. Using DSC, as a covalent crosslinker, increases the degradation time of the sodium alginate hydrogel up to 2 months. The swelling ratio of the hydrogel is also 503% during the first 8 h. The DSC cross-linked sodium alginate in the inner layer of the conduit promotes the adhesion and proliferation of nerve cells, while the electrospun PCL nanofibers in the outer layer provide maximum tensile strength of the conduit during surgery. P-CA conduit promotes the migration of Schwann cells along the axon in a rat model based on functional and histological evidences. In conclusion, P-CA conduit will be a promising construct for repairing sciatic nerves in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neshat Askarzadeh
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Department of Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439957131, Iran
| | | | - Korosh Mansoori
- Physical medicine and Rehabilitation Neuromusculoskeletal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 1316943551, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholami
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 141556451, Iran
| | - Javad Mohammadi
- Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Department of Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439957131, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 141556451, Iran
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13
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Pillai MM, Sathishkumar G, Houshyar S, Senthilkumar R, Quigley A, Shanthakumari S, Padhye R, Bhattacharyya A. Nanocomposite-Coated Silk-Based Artificial Conduits: The Influence of Structures on Regeneration of the Peripheral Nerve. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4454-4464. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gopal Sathishkumar
- Functional, Innovative and Smart Textiles, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore 641004, India
| | - Shadi Houshyar
- Centre for Materials Innovation and Future Fashion, College of Design and Social Context, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3056, Australia
| | - Rathinasamy Senthilkumar
- Functional, Innovative and Smart Textiles, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore 641004, India
| | - Anita Quigley
- Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Sivanandam Shanthakumari
- Department of Pathology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore 641004, India
| | - Rajiv Padhye
- Centre for Materials Innovation and Future Fashion, College of Design and Social Context, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3056, Australia
| | - Amitava Bhattacharyya
- Functional, Innovative and Smart Textiles, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore 641004, India
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14
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Recent Advances in Carbon Nanotubes for Nervous Tissue Regeneration. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/6861205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has taken advantage of several nanomaterials for reparation of diseased or damaged tissues in the nervous system involved in memory, cognition, and movement. Electrical, thermal, mechanical, and biocompatibility aspects of carbon-based nanomaterials (nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes, and their derivatives) make them suitable candidates to drive nerve tissue repair and stimulation. This review article focuses on key recent advances on the use of carbon nanotube- (CNT-) based technologies on nerve tissue engineering, outlining how neurons interact with CNT interfaces for promoting neuronal differentiation, growth and network reconstruction. CNTs still represent strong candidates for use in therapies of neurodegenerative pathologies and spinal cord injuries.
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15
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Torres-Mejía E, Trümbach D, Kleeberger C, Dornseifer U, Orschmann T, Bäcker T, Brenke JK, Hadian K, Wurst W, López-Schier H, Desbordes SC. Sox2 controls Schwann cell self-organization through fibronectin fibrillogenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1984. [PMID: 32029747 PMCID: PMC7005302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56877-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is known to modulate cell adhesion and migration during tissue regeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms that fine-tune cells to extra-cellular matrix dynamics during regeneration of the peripheral nervous system remain poorly understood. Using the RSC96 Schwann cell line, we show that Sox2 directly controls fibronectin fibrillogenesis in Schwann cells in culture, to provide a highly oriented fibronectin matrix, which supports their organization and directional migration. We demonstrate that Sox2 regulates Schwann cell behaviour through the upregulation of multiple extracellular matrix and migration genes as well as the formation of focal adhesions during cell movement. We find that mouse primary sensory neurons and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motoneurons require the Sox2-dependent fibronectin matrix in order to migrate along the oriented Schwann cells. Direct loss of fibronectin in Schwann cells impairs their directional migration affecting the alignment of the axons in vitro. Furthermore, we show that Sox2 and fibronectin are co-expressed in proregenerative Schwann cells in vivo in a time-dependent manner during sciatic nerve regeneration. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which Schwann cells regulate their own extracellular microenvironment in a Sox2-dependent manner to ensure the proper migration of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elen Torres-Mejía
- Stem Cells in Neural Development and Disease group, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.,Research Unit Sensory Biology and Organogenesis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dietrich Trümbach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kleeberger
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, Academic Hospital Bogenhausen, Munich, 81925, Germany
| | - Ulf Dornseifer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, Academic Hospital Bogenhausen, Munich, 81925, Germany
| | - Tanja Orschmann
- Stem Cells in Neural Development and Disease group, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.,Stem Cell Based-Assay Development Platform (SCADEV), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Bäcker
- Stem Cells in Neural Development and Disease group, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.,Stem Cell Based-Assay Development Platform (SCADEV), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jara Kerstin Brenke
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kamyar Hadian
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Developmental Genetics, Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, 85350, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Hernán López-Schier
- Research Unit Sensory Biology and Organogenesis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina C Desbordes
- Stem Cells in Neural Development and Disease group, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany. .,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany. .,Stem Cell Based-Assay Development Platform (SCADEV), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany. .,ISAR Bioscience GmbH, Institute for Stem Cell & Applied Regenerative Medicine Research, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152, Munich, Germany.
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16
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Mottaghitalab F, Kiani M, Farokhi M, Dinarvand R, Ghodsollahi T, Atyabi F. The Effect of Fibronectin Coating on Protein Corona Structure and Cellular Uptake of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. PRECISION NANOMEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.33218/prnano3(1).191113.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein coating is an outstanding surface modification strategy to influence the organization of biomolecules on the interface of nanomaterials. In the present study, fibronectin (FN) was used to modify the surface chemistry of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and carboxylated SWNTs (CO2-SWNTs) to analyze its effects on the protein corona composition and cellular uptake. At first, the successful coating of FN on the surface of both SWNTs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the biomolecular organization of SWNTs and CO2-SWNTs coronas was changed after FN coating based on the evidence obtained from the surface plasmon intensity of the samples. Moreover, the MTT assay and confocal microscopy imaging revealed less cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of SWNTs coronas in comparison to bulk samples, respectively. It is suggested that the protein coating of SWNTs can modify the corona pattern and consequently the biological behavior of carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mehdi Farokhi
- 3National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran
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17
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Homaeigohar S, Tsai TY, Young TH, Yang HJ, Ji YR. An electroactive alginate hydrogel nanocomposite reinforced by functionalized graphite nanofilaments for neural tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 224:115112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Luzhansky ID, Sudlow LC, Brogan DM, Wood MD, Berezin MY. Imaging in the repair of peripheral nerve injury. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2659-2677. [PMID: 31612779 PMCID: PMC6886568 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical intervention followed by physical therapy remains the major way to repair damaged nerves and restore function. Imaging constitutes promising, yet underutilized, approaches to improve surgical and postoperative techniques. Dedicated methods for imaging nerve regeneration will potentially provide surgical guidance, enable recovery monitoring and postrepair intervention, elucidate failure mechanisms and optimize preclinical procedures. Herein, we present an outline of promising innovations in imaging-based tracking of in vivo peripheral nerve regeneration. We emphasize optical imaging because of its cost, versatility, relatively low toxicity and sensitivity. We discuss the use of targeted probes and contrast agents (small molecules and nanoparticles) to facilitate nerve regeneration imaging and the engineering of grafts that could be used to track nerve repair. We also discuss how new imaging methods might overcome the most significant challenges in nerve injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor D Luzhansky
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- The Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Leland C Sudlow
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David M Brogan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew D Wood
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mikhail Y Berezin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- The Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
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19
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Jahromi M, Razavi S, Bakhtiari A. The advances in nerve tissue engineering: From fabrication of nerve conduit to in vivo nerve regeneration assays. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:2077-2100. [PMID: 31350868 DOI: 10.1002/term.2945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve damage is a common clinical complication of traumatic injury occurring after accident, tumorous outgrowth, or surgical side effects. Although the new methods and biomaterials have been improved recently, regeneration of peripheral nerve gaps is still a challenge. These injuries affect the quality of life of the patients negatively. In the recent years, many efforts have been made to develop innovative nerve tissue engineering approaches aiming to improve peripheral nerve treatment following nerve injuries. Herein, we will not only outline what we know about the peripheral nerve regeneration but also offer our insight regarding the types of nerve conduits, their fabrication process, and factors associated with conduits as well as types of animal and nerve models for evaluating conduit function. Finally, nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve injury model by nerve conduits has been considered, and the main aspects that may affect the preclinical outcome have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Jahromi
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Razavi
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Bakhtiari
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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20
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The High-Frequency Ultrasound Detection of Rat Sciatic Nerve in a Crushed Injury Model. Ultrasound Q 2019; 35:120-124. [DOI: 10.1097/ruq.0000000000000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Dehnavi N, Parivar K, Goodarzi V, Salimi A, Nourani MR. Systematically engineered electrospun conduit based on PGA/collagen/bioglass nanocomposites: The evaluation of morphological, mechanical, and bio‐properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navid Dehnavi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Kazem Parivar
- Department of Biology, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Vahabodin Goodarzi
- Nanobiotechnology Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Salimi
- Nanobiotechnology Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nourani
- Nanobiotechnology Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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22
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Wang G, Wu W, Yang H, Zhang P, Wang J. Intact polyaniline coating as a conductive guidance is beneficial to repairing sciatic nerve injury. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:128-142. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guowu Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Weifeng Wu
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Jin‐Ye Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
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23
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Gold nanorods reinforced silk fibroin nanocomposite for peripheral nerve tissue engineering applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:1034-1039. [PMID: 30742919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, regenerating peripheral nerves injuries (PNIs) remain a major clinical challenge, which has gained a great attention between scientists. Here, we represent a nanocomposite based on silk fibroin reinforced gold nanorods (SF/GNRs) to evaluate the proliferation and attachment of PC12 cells. The morphological characterization of nanocomposites with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the fabricated scaffolds have porous structure with interconnected pores that is suitable for cell adhesion and growth. GNRs significantly improved the poor electrical conductivity of bulk silk fibroin scaffold. Evaluating the morphology of PC12 cells on the scaffold also confirmed the normal morphology of cells with good rate of adhesion. SF/GNRs nanocomposites showed better cellular attachment, growth and proliferation without any toxicity compared with bulk SF scaffold. Moreover, immunostaining studies represented the overexpression of neural specific proteins like nestin and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in the cells cultured on SF/GNRs nanocomposites in comparison to neat SF scaffolds.
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24
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Xu Z, Shi L, Yang M, Zhu L. Preparation and biomedical applications of silk fibroin-nanoparticles composites with enhanced properties - A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 95:302-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Wu C, Wang G, Yan Q, Wang JC, Yang H, Zou J. Silk Fibroin Regulates Osteoconduction of Hydroxyapatite in Rat Spine Fusion Model. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.28.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cenhao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Genlin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Jeffrey C Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
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26
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Boni R, Ali A, Shavandi A, Clarkson AN. Current and novel polymeric biomaterials for neural tissue engineering. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:90. [PMID: 30572957 PMCID: PMC6300901 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system is a crucial component of the body and damages to this system, either by of injury or disease, can result in serious or potentially lethal consequences. Restoring the damaged nervous system is a great challenge due to the complex physiology system and limited regenerative capacity.Polymers, either synthetic or natural in origin, have been extensively evaluated as a solution for restoring functions in damaged neural tissues. Polymers offer a wide range of versatility, in particular regarding shape and mechanical characteristics, and their biocompatibility is unmatched by other biomaterials, such as metals and ceramics. Several studies have shown that polymers can be shaped into suitable support structures, including nerve conduits, scaffolds, and electrospun matrices, capable of improving the regeneration of damaged neural tissues. In general, natural polymers offer the advantage of better biocompatibility and bioactivity, while synthetic or non-natural polymers have better mechanical properties and structural stability. Often, combinations of the two allow for the development of polymeric conduits able to mimic the native physiological environment of healthy neural tissues and, consequently, regulate cell behaviour and support the regeneration of injured nervous tissues.Currently, most of neural tissue engineering applications are in pre-clinical study, in particular for use in the central nervous system, however collagen polymer conduits aimed at regeneration of peripheral nerves have already been successfully tested in clinical trials.This review highlights different types of natural and synthetic polymers used in neural tissue engineering and their advantages and disadvantages for neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Boni
- Bioengineering Research Team, Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - Azam Ali
- Bioengineering Research Team, Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | - Amin Shavandi
- Bioengineering Research Team, Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
- BioMatter-Biomass Transformation Lab (BTL), École interfacultaire de Bioingénieurs (EIB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrew N. Clarkson
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
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27
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Magaz A, Faroni A, Gough JE, Reid AJ, Li X, Blaker JJ. Bioactive Silk-Based Nerve Guidance Conduits for Augmenting Peripheral Nerve Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800308. [PMID: 30260575 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Repair of peripheral nerve injuries depends upon complex biology stemming from the manifold and challenging injury-healing processes of the peripheral nervous system. While surgical treatment options are available, they tend to be characterized by poor clinical outcomes for the injured patients. This is particularly apparent in the clinical management of a nerve gap whereby nerve autograft remains the best clinical option despite numerous limitations; in addition, effective repair becomes progressively more difficult with larger gaps. Nerve conduit strategies based on tissue engineering approaches and the use of silk as scaffolding material have attracted much attention in recent years to overcome these limitations and meet the clinical demand of large gap nerve repair. This review examines the scientific advances made with silk-based conduits for peripheral nerve repair. The focus is on enhancing bioactivity of the conduits in terms of physical guidance cues, inner wall and lumen modification, and imbuing novel conductive functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Magaz
- Bio‐Active Materials GroupSchool of MaterialsMSS TowerThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis, Way, Innovis #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Alessandro Faroni
- Blond McIndoe LaboratoriesDivision of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Julie E. Gough
- School of MaterialsThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Adam J. Reid
- Blond McIndoe LaboratoriesDivision of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Department of Plastic Surgery and BurnsWythenshawe HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester M23 9LT UK
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis, Way, Innovis #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Jonny J. Blaker
- Bio‐Active Materials GroupSchool of MaterialsMSS TowerThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
- School of MaterialsThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
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28
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Vashist A, Kaushik A, Vashist A, Sagar V, Ghosal A, Gupta YK, Ahmad S, Nair M. Advances in Carbon Nanotubes-Hydrogel Hybrids in Nanomedicine for Therapeutics. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701213. [PMID: 29388356 PMCID: PMC6248342 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In spite of significant advancement in hydrogel technology, low mechanical strength and lack of electrical conductivity have limited their next-level biomedical applications for skeletal muscles, cardiac and neural cells. Host-guest chemistry based hybrid nanocomposites systems have gained attention as they completely overcome these pitfalls and generate bioscaffolds with tunable electrical and mechanical characteristics. In recent years, carbon nanotube (CNT)-based hybrid hydrogels have emerged as innovative candidates with diverse applications in regenerative medicines, tissue engineering, drug delivery devices, implantable devices, biosensing, and biorobotics. This article is an attempt to recapitulate the advancement in synthesis and characterization of hybrid hydrogels and provide deep insights toward their functioning and success as biomedical devices. The improved comparative performance and biocompatibility of CNT-hydrogels hybrids systems developed for targeted biomedical applications are addressed here. Recent updates toward diverse applications and limitations of CNT hybrid hydrogels is the strength of the review. This will provide a holistic approach toward understanding of CNT-based hydrogels and their applications in nanotheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Vashist
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Atul Vashist
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, 110029
| | - Vidya Sagar
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Anujit Ghosal
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, 110067
| | - Y. K. Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, 110029
| | - Sharif Ahmad
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India, 110025
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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29
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Sarker M, Naghieh S, McInnes AD, Schreyer DJ, Chen X. Strategic Design and Fabrication of Nerve Guidance Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700635. [PMID: 29396994 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have been drawing considerable attention as an aid to promote regeneration of injured axons across damaged peripheral nerves. Ideally, NGCs should include physical and topographic axon guidance cues embedded as part of their composition. Over the past decades, much progress has been made in the development of NGCs that promote directional axonal regrowth so as to repair severed nerves. This paper briefly reviews the recent designs and fabrication techniques of NGCs for peripheral nerve regeneration. Studies associated with versatile design and preparation of NGCs fabricated with either conventional or rapid prototyping (RP) techniques have been examined and reviewed. The effect of topographic features of the filler material as well as porous structure of NGCs on axonal regeneration has also been examined from the previous studies. While such strategies as macroscale channels, lumen size, groove geometry, use of hydrogel/matrix, and unidirectional freeze-dried surface are seen to promote nerve regeneration, shortcomings such as axonal dispersion and wrong target reinnervation still remain unsolved. On this basis, future research directions are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sarker
- Division of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan, 57 campus drive, SK S7N 5A9, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Saman Naghieh
- Division of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan, 57 campus drive, SK S7N 5A9, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Adam D McInnes
- Division of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan, 57 campus drive, SK S7N 5A9, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - David J Schreyer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology College of Medicine University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan, 57 campus drive, SK S7N 5A9, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
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30
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Silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite composites for bone tissue engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:68-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Golafshan N, Kharaziha M, Fathi M, Larson B, Giatsidis G, Masoumi N. Anisotropic architecture and electrical stimulation enhance neuron cell behaviour on a tough graphene embedded PVA: alginate fibrous scaffold. RSC Adv 2018; 8:6381-6389. [PMID: 35540432 PMCID: PMC9078254 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13136d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tough scaffolds comprised of aligned and conductive fibers are promising for peripheral nerve regeneration due to their unique mechanical and electrical properties. Several studies have confirmed that electrical stimulation can control the axonal extension in vitro. However, the stimulatory effects of scaffold architecture and electrical stimulation have not yet been investigated in detail. Here, we assessed a comparison between aligned and random fibers made of graphene (Gr) embedded sodium alginate (SA) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (Gr-AP scaffolds) for peripheral nerve engineering. The effects of applied electrical stimulation and orientation of the fabricated fibers on the in vitro attachment, alignment, and proliferation of PC12 cells (a rat neuronal cell line) were investigated. The results revealed that the aligned fibrous Gr-AP scaffolds closely mimicked the anisotropic structure of the native sciatic nerve. Aligned fibrous Gr-AP scaffolds significantly improved mechanical properties as well as cell-scaffold integration compared to random fibrous scaffolds. In addition, electrical stimulation significantly improved PC12 cell proliferation. In summary, our findings revealed that aligned fibrous Gr-AP scaffolds offered superior mechanical characteristics and structural properties that enhanced neural cell–substrate interactions, resulting in a promising construct for nerve tissue regeneration. Tough scaffolds comprised of aligned and conductive fibers are promising for peripheral nerve regeneration due to their unique mechanical and electrical properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Golafshan
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan 84156-83111
- Iran,
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan 84156-83111
- Iran,
| | - Mohammadhossein Fathi
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan 84156-83111
- Iran,
| | - Benjamin L. Larson
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Giorgio Giatsidis
- Department of Surgery
- Brigham and Women Hospital
- Harvard Medical School
- Boston
- USA
| | - Nafiseh Masoumi
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
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32
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Mottaghitalab F, Kiani M, Farokhi M, Kundu SC, Reis RL, Gholami M, Bardania H, Dinarvand R, Geramifar P, Beiki D, Atyabi F. Targeted Delivery System Based on Gemcitabine-Loaded Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles for Lung Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31600-31611. [PMID: 28836425 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, a targeted delivery system was developed based on silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNPs) for the systemic delivery of gemcitabine (Gem) to treat induced lung tumor in a mice model. For targeting the tumorigenic lung tissue, SP5-52 peptide was conjugated to Gem-loaded SFNPs. Different methods were used to characterize the structural and physicochemical properties of the SFNPs. The prepared nanoparticles (NPs) showed suitable characteristics in terms of size, zeta potential, morphology, and structural properties. Moreover, the targeted Gem-loaded SFNPs showed higher cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and accumulation in the lung tissue in comparison to the nontargeted SFNPs and control groups. Afterward, a mice model with induced lung tumor was developed by intratracheal injection of Lewis lung carcinoma (LL/2) cells into the lungs for assessing the therapeutic efficacy of the prepared drug delivery system. The histopathological assessments and single-photon-emission computed tomography-CT radiographs showed successful lung tumor induction. Moreover, the obtained results showed higher potential of targeted Gem-loaded SFNPs in treating induced lung tumor compared with that of the control groups. Higher survival rate, less mortality, and no sign of metastasis were also observed in those animals treated with targeted NPs based on the histological and radiological analyses. This study presented an effective anticancer drug delivery system for specific targeting of induced lung tumor that could be useful in treating malignant lung cancers in future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3Bs Research Group, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho , AvePark-Barco, Taipas, 4805-017 Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3Bs Research Group, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho , AvePark-Barco, Taipas, 4805-017 Guimaraes, Portugal
| | | | - Hassan Bardania
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences , Yasuj 7591994799, Iran
| | | | - Parham Geramifar
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran 141551339, Iran
| | - Davood Beiki
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran 141551339, Iran
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Das S, Sharma M, Saharia D, Sarma KK, Muir EM, Bora U. Electrospun silk-polyaniline conduits for functional nerve regeneration in rat sciatic nerve injury model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [PMID: 28632137 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa7802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the fabrication of polyaniline-silk fibroin (PASF) nanocomposite-based nerve conduits and their subsequent implantation in a rat sciatic nerve injury model for peripheral nerve regeneration. This is the first in vivo study of polyaniline-based nerve conduits describing the safety and efficacy of the conduits in treating peripheral nerve injuries. The nanocomposite was synthesized by electrospinning a mixture of silk fibroin protein and polyaniline wherein the silk nanofibers were observed to be uniformly coated with polyaniline nanoparticles. Tubular shaped nerve conduits were subsequently formed by multiple rolling of the electrospun sheet over a stainless steel mandrel. The conduits were characterized in vitro for their physico-chemical properties as well as their compatibility with rat Schwann cells. Upon implantation in a 10 mm sciatic nerve injury model, the conduits were evaluated for their neuro-regenerative potential through extensive electrophysiological studies and monitoring of gait pattern over a course of 12 months. Gross examination, histological and ultra-structure analyses of the conduits and the regenerated nerve were also performed to evaluate morphological regeneration of transected nerve. PASF nanocomposite conduits seeded with Schwann cell (cell seeded PASF) exhibited excellent nerve conduction velocity (NCV) (50 m s-1), compound muscle action potential (CMAP) (12.8 mV), motor unit potential (MUP) (124 μV), growth of healthy tissue along the nerve gap and thick myelination of axons 12 months after implantation indicating enhanced neuro-regeneration. The excellent functional recovery achieved by animals implanted with cell seeded PASF conduits (86.2% NCV; 80.00% CMAP; 76.07% MUP) are superior to outcomes achieved previously with similar electrically conductive conduits. We believe that the present study would encourage further research in developing electrically active neural implants using synthetic conducting polymers and the in vivo applications of the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suradip Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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34
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Recent advances in bioactive 1D and 2D carbon nanomaterials for biomedical applications. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 14:2433-2454. [PMID: 28552644 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the two-dimensional (2D) graphene represent the most widely studied allotropes of carbon. Due to their unique structural, electrical, mechanical and optical properties, 1D and 2D carbon nanostructures are considered to be leading candidates for numerous applications in biomedical fields, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, bioimaging and biosensors. The biocompatibility and toxicity issues associated with these nanostructures have been a critical impediment for their use in biomedical applications. In this review, we present an overview of the various materials types, properties, functionalization strategies and characterization methods of 1D and 2D carbon nanomaterials and their derivatives in terms of their biomedical applications. In addition, we discuss various factors and mechanisms affecting their toxicity and biocompatibility.
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Mottaghitalab F, Rastegari A, Farokhi M, Dinarvand R, Hosseinkhani H, Ou KL, Pack DW, Mao C, Dinarvand M, Fatahi Y, Atyabi F. Prospects of siRNA applications in regenerative medicine. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:312-329. [PMID: 28385649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has established its reputation in the field of tissue engineering owing to its ability to silence the proteins that inhibit tissue regeneration. siRNA is capable of regulating cellular behavior during tissue regeneration processes. The concept of using siRNA technology in regenerative medicine derived from its ability to inhibit the expression of target genes involved in defective tissues and the possibility to induce the expression of tissue-inductive factors that improve the tissue regeneration process. To date, siRNA has been used as a suppressive biomolecule in different tissues, such as nervous tissue, bone, cartilage, heart, kidney, and liver. Moreover, various delivery systems have been applied in order to deliver siRNA to the target tissues. This review will provide an in-depth discussion on the development of siRNA and their delivery systems and mechanisms of action in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mottaghitalab
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rastegari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Innovation Center for Advanced Technology, Matrix, Inc., New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniel W Pack
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019, United States; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Meshkat Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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36
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Aydemir Sezer U, Ozturk K, Aru B, Yanıkkaya Demirel G, Sezer S, Bozkurt MR. Zero valent zinc nanoparticles promote neuroglial cell proliferation: A biodegradable and conductive filler candidate for nerve regeneration. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:19. [PMID: 28012153 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5831-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of nerve, which has limited ability to undergo self-healing, is one of the most challenging areas in the field of tissue engineering. Regarding materials used in neuroregeneration, there is a recent trend toward electrically conductive materials. It has been emphasized that the capacity of conductive materials to regenerate such tissue having limited self-healing ability improves their clinical utility. However, there have been concerns about the safety of materials or fillers used for conductance due to their lack of degradability. Here, we attempt to use poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix consisting of varying proportions of zero valent zinc nanoparticles (Zn NPs) via electrospinning. These conductive, biodegradable, and bioactive materials efficiently promoted neuroglial cell proliferation depending on the amount of Zn NPs present in the PCL matrix. Chemical characterizations indicated that the incorporated Zn NPs do not interact with the PCL matrix chemically and that the Zn NPs improved the tensile properties of the PCL matrix. All composites exhibited linear conductivity under in vitro conditions. In vitro cell culture studies were performed to determine the cytotoxicity and proliferative efficiency of materials containing different proportions of Zn NPs. The results were obtained to explore new conductive fillers that can promote tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umran Aydemir Sezer
- Materials Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Kocaeli, 41470, Turkey
- Department of Electrical-Electronic Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya, 54187, Turkey
| | - Kevser Ozturk
- Institute of Chemical Technology, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Kocaeli, 41470, Turkey
| | - Basak Aru
- Department of Immunology Section, Yeditepe University, School of Medicine, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | | | - Serdar Sezer
- Institute of Chemical Technology, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Kocaeli, 41470, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Recep Bozkurt
- Department of Electrical-Electronic Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya, 54187, Turkey.
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37
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Chaudhari AA, Vig K, Baganizi DR, Sahu R, Dixit S, Dennis V, Singh SR, Pillai SR. Future Prospects for Scaffolding Methods and Biomaterials in Skin Tissue Engineering: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1974. [PMID: 27898014 PMCID: PMC5187774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Over centuries, the field of regenerative skin tissue engineering has had several advancements to facilitate faster wound healing and thereby restoration of skin. Skin tissue regeneration is mainly based on the use of suitable scaffold matrices. There are several scaffold types, such as porous, fibrous, microsphere, hydrogel, composite and acellular, etc., with discrete advantages and disadvantages. These scaffolds are either made up of highly biocompatible natural biomaterials, such as collagen, chitosan, etc., or synthetic materials, such as polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly-ethylene-glycol (PEG), etc. Composite scaffolds, which are a combination of natural or synthetic biomaterials, are highly biocompatible with improved tensile strength for effective skin tissue regeneration. Appropriate knowledge of the properties, advantages and disadvantages of various biomaterials and scaffolds will accelerate the production of suitable scaffolds for skin tissue regeneration applications. At the same time, emphasis on some of the leading challenges in the field of skin tissue engineering, such as cell interaction with scaffolds, faster cellular proliferation/differentiation, and vascularization of engineered tissues, is inevitable. In this review, we discuss various types of scaffolding approaches and biomaterials used in the field of skin tissue engineering and more importantly their future prospects in skin tissue regeneration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul A Chaudhari
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Komal Vig
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | | | - Rajnish Sahu
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Saurabh Dixit
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Vida Dennis
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Shreekumar R Pillai
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
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38
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Liu X, Miller Ii AL, Park S, Waletzki BE, Terzic A, Yaszemski MJ, Lu L. Covalent crosslinking of graphene oxide and carbon nanotube into hydrogels enhances nerve cell responses. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6930-6941. [PMID: 32263560 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01722c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Healing of nerve injuries is a critical medical issue. Biodegradable polymeric conduits are a promising therapeutic solution to provide guidance for axon growth in a given space, thus helping nerve heal. Extensive studies in the past decade reported that conductive materials could effectively increase neurite and axon extension in vitro and nerve regeneration in vivo. In this study, graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes were covalently functionalized with double bonds to obtain crosslinkable graphene oxide acrylate (GOa) sheets and carbon nanotube poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate (CNTpega). An electrically conductive reduced GOa-CNTpega-oligo(polyethylene glycol fumarate) (OPF) hydrogel (rGOa-CNTpega-OPF) was successfully fabricated by chemically crosslinking GOa sheets and CNTpega with OPF chains followed by in situ chemical reduction in l-ascorbic acid solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging showed homogenous distribution of GOa/CNTpega carbon content in the rGOa-CNTpega-OPF composite hydrogel, resulting in a significant increase of electrical conductivity compared with neutral OPF without carbon content. Cell studies showed excellent biocompatibility and distinguished PC12 cell proliferation and spreading on the rGOa-CNTpega-OPF composite hydrogel. Fluorescent microscopy imaging demonstrated robustly stimulated neurite development in these cells on a conductive rGOa-CNTpega-OPF composite hydrogel compared with that on neutral OPF hydrogels. These results illustrated a promising potential for the rGOa-CNTpega-OPF composite hydrogel to serve as conduits for neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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39
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Zhang Y, Huang J, Huang L, Liu Q, Shao H, Hu X, Song L. Silk Fibroin-Based Scaffolds with Controlled Delivery Order of VEGF and BDNF for Cavernous Nerve Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:2018-2025. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaopeng Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jianwen Huang
- Department
of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China
| | - Li Huang
- State
Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qiangqiang Liu
- State
Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Huili Shao
- State
Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xuechao Hu
- State
Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Lujie Song
- Department
of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China
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40
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Approaches to Peripheral Nerve Repair: Generations of Biomaterial Conduits Yielding to Replacing Autologous Nerve Grafts in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3856262. [PMID: 27556032 PMCID: PMC4983313 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3856262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a common clinical entity, which may arise due to traumatic, tumorous, or even iatrogenic injury in craniomaxillofacial surgery. Despite advances in biomaterials and techniques over the past several decades, reconstruction of nerve gaps remains a challenge. Autografts are the gold standard for nerve reconstruction. Using autografts, there is donor site morbidity, subsequent sensory deficit, and potential for neuroma development and infection. Moreover, the need for a second surgical site and limited availability of donor nerves remain a challenge. Thus, increasing efforts have been directed to develop artificial nerve guidance conduits (ANCs) as new methods to replace autografts in the future. Various synthetic conduit materials have been tested in vitro and in vivo, and several first- and second-generation conduits are FDA approved and available for purchase, while third-generation conduits still remain in experimental stages. This paper reviews the current treatment options, summarizes the published literature, and assesses future prospects for the repair of peripheral nerve injury in craniomaxillofacial surgery with a particular focus on facial nerve regeneration.
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41
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Oprych KM, Whitby RLD, Mikhalovsky SV, Tomlins P, Adu J. Repairing Peripheral Nerves: Is there a Role for Carbon Nanotubes? Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1253-71. [PMID: 27027923 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury continues to be a major global health problem that can result in debilitating neurological deficits and neuropathic pain. Current state-of-the-art treatment involves reforming the damaged nerve pathway using a nerve autograft. Engineered nerve repair conduits can provide an alternative to the nerve autograft avoiding the inevitable tissue damage caused at the graft donor site. Commercially available nerve repair conduits are currently only considered suitable for repairing small nerve lesions; the design and performance of engineered conduits requires significant improvements to enable their use for repairing larger nerve defects. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an emerging novel material for biomedical applications currently being developed for a range of therapeutic technologies including scaffolds for engineering and interfacing with neurological tissues. CNTs possess a unique set of physicochemical properties that could be useful within nerve repair conduits. This progress report aims to evaluate and consolidate the current literature pertinent to CNTs as a biomaterial for supporting peripheral nerve regeneration. The report is presented in the context of the state-of-the-art in nerve repair conduit design; outlining how CNTs may enhance the performance of next generation peripheral nerve repair conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Oprych
- Department of Brain, Repair and Rehabilitation; Institute of Neurology; University College London; Queen Square London WC1N 3BG UK
| | | | - Sergey V. Mikhalovsky
- School of Engineering; Nazarbayev University; Astana 010000 Kazakhstan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Brighton; Brighton BN2 4GJ UK
| | | | - Jimi Adu
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science; University of Brighton; Brighton BN2 4GJ UK
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42
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Lv ZJ, Liu Y, Miao H, Leng ZQ, Guo JH, Liu J. Effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on electrospun poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-based nanocomposite scaffolds on neural cells proliferation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:934-943. [PMID: 26849161 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jun Lv
- Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS United Kingdom
| | - Yang Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Miao
- Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Qian Leng
- Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 People's Republic of China
- Department of Operation Room; the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hui Guo
- Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 People's Republic of China
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43
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Slepicka P, Kasalkova NS, Siegel J, Kolska Z, Bacakova L, Svorcik V. Nano-structured and functionalized surfaces for cytocompatibility improvement and bactericidal action. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1120-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Biondi M, Borzacchiello A, Mayol L, Ambrosio L. Nanoparticle-Integrated Hydrogels as Multifunctional Composite Materials for Biomedical Applications. Gels 2015; 1:162-178. [PMID: 30674171 PMCID: PMC6318588 DOI: 10.3390/gels1020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the most recent developments in the field of nanocomposite hydrogels intended for biomedical applications. Nanocomposite hydrogels are hydrated polymeric networks with a physically or covalently crosslinked three-dimensional (3D) structure swollen with water, in the presence of nanoparticles or nanostructures. A wide array of nanomaterials (polymeric, carbon-based, metallic, ceramic) can be incorporated within the hydrogel network to obtain reinforced nanocomposite hydrogels. Nanocomposites represent a new class of materials with properties absent in the individual components. In particular, the incorporation of nanomaterials within a polymeric hydrogel network is an attractive approach to tailor the mechanical properties of the hydrogels and/or to provide the nanocomposite with responsiveness to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Biondi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Assunta Borzacchiello
- Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB-CNR), P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Laura Mayol
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali (IPCB-CNR), P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche e Tecnologie dei Materiali (DSCTM-CNR), P.le Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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Naeem F, Prestayko R, Saem S, Nowicki L, Imit M, Adronov A, Moran-Mirabal JM. Fabrication of conductive polymer nanofibers through SWNT supramolecular functionalization and aqueous solution processing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:395301. [PMID: 26351867 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/39/395301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric thin films and nanostructured composites with excellent electrical properties are required for the development of advanced optoelectronic devices, flexible electronics, wearable sensors, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Because most polymers available for fabrication are insulating, one of the biggest challenges remains the preparation of inexpensive polymer composites with good electrical conductivity. Among the nanomaterials used to enhance composite performance, single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are ideal due to their unique physical and electrical properties. Yet, a barrier to their widespread application is that they do not readily disperse in solvents traditionally used for polymer processing. In this study, we employed supramolecular functionalization of SWNTs with a conjugated polyelectrolyte as a simple approach to produce stable aqueous nanotube suspensions, that could be effortlessly blended with the polymer poly(ethyleneoxide) (PEO). The homogeneous SWNT:PEO mixtures were used to fabricate conductive thin films and nanofibers with improved conductivities through drop casting and electrospinning. The physical characterization of electrospun nanofibers through Raman spectroscopy and SEM revealed that the SWNTs were uniformly incorporated throughout the composites. The electrical characterization of SWNT:PEO thin films allowed us to assess their conductivity and establish a percolation threshold of 0.1 wt% SWNT. Similarly, measurement of the nanofiber conductivity showed that the electrospinning process improved the contact between nanotube complexes, resulting in conductivities in the S m(-1) range with much lower weight loading of SWNTs than their thin film counterparts. The methods reported for the fabrication of conductive nanofibers are simple, inexpensive, and enable SWNT processing in aqueous solutions, and offer great potential for nanofiber use in applications involving flexible electronics, sensing devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Mottaghitalab F, Hosseinkhani H, Shokrgozar MA, Mao C, Yang M, Farokhi M. Silk as a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering. J Control Release 2015; 215:112-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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In vivo studies of silk based gold nano-composite conduits for functional peripheral nerve regeneration. Biomaterials 2015; 62:66-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang D, Liu H, Fan Y. Silk fibroin for vascular regeneration. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 80:280-290. [PMID: 26097014 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in today's world. Due to the lack of healthy autologous vessels, more tissue-engineered blood vessels are needed to repair or replace the damaged arteries. Biomaterials play an indispensable role in creating a living neovessel with biological responses. Silk fibroin produced by silkworms possesses good cytocompatibility, tailorable biodegradability, suitable mechanical properties, and minimal inflammatory reactions. In addition, regenerated silk fibroin solutions can be processed into various forms of scaffolds such as films, fibers, tubes, and porous sponges. These features make silk fibroin a promising biomaterial for small-diameter vascular grafts. The present article focuses on the applications of silk fibroin for vascular regeneration. A brief overview of the properties of silk fibroin is provided, following which the current research status and future directions of the main types of silk fibroin scaffolds for vascular regeneration are reviewed and discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 80:280-290, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
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Norouzi M, Boroujeni SM, Omidvarkordshouli N, Soleimani M. Advances in skin regeneration: application of electrospun scaffolds. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1114-33. [PMID: 25721694 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The paucity of cellular and molecular signals essential for normal wound healing makes severe dermatological ulcers stubborn to heal. The novel strategies of skin regenerative treatments are focused on the development of biologically responsive scaffolds accompanied by cells and multiple biomolecules resembling structural and biochemical cues of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds provide similar architecture to the ECM leading to enhancement of cell adhesion, proliferation, migration and neo tissue formation. This Review surveys the application of biocompatible natural, synthetic and composite polymers to fabricate electrospun scaffolds as skin substitutes and wound dressings. Furthermore, the application of biomolecules and therapeutic agents in the nanofibrous scaffolds viz growth factors, genes, antibiotics, silver nanoparticles, and natural medicines with the aim of ameliorating cellular behavior, wound healing, and skin regeneration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Norouzi
- Department of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering; Stem Cell Technology Research Center; Tehran Iran
| | | | | | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
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Ahn HS, Hwang JY, Kim MS, Lee JY, Kim JW, Kim HS, Shin US, Knowles JC, Kim HW, Hyun JK. Carbon-nanotube-interfaced glass fiber scaffold for regeneration of transected sciatic nerve. Acta Biomater 2015; 13:324-34. [PMID: 25463487 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with their unique and unprecedented properties, have become very popular for the repair of tissues, particularly for those requiring electrical stimuli. Whilst most reports have demonstrated in vitro neural cell responses of the CNTs, few studies have been performed on the in vivo efficacy of CNT-interfaced biomaterials in the repair and regeneration of neural tissues. Thus, we report here for the first time the in vivo functions of CNT-interfaced nerve conduits in the regeneration of transected rat sciatic nerve. Aminated CNTs were chemically tethered onto the surface of aligned phosphate glass microfibers (PGFs) and CNT-interfaced PGFs (CNT-PGFs) were successfully placed into three-dimensional poly(L/D-lactic acid) (PLDLA) tubes. An in vitro study confirmed that neurites of dorsal root ganglion outgrew actively along the aligned CNT-PGFs and that the CNT interfacing significantly increased the maximal neurite length. Sixteen weeks after implantation of a CNT-PGF nerve conduit into the 10 mm gap of a transected rat sciatic nerve, the number of regenerating axons crossing the scaffold, the cross-sectional area of the re-innervated muscles and the electrophysiological findings were all significantly improved by the interfacing with CNTs. This first in vivo effect of using a CNT-interfaced scaffold in the regeneration process of a transected rat sciatic nerve strongly supports the potential use of CNT-interfaced PGFs at the interface between the nerve conduit and peripheral neural tissues.
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