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Kubica C, Ketelhut S, Nigg CR. Polarized running training adapted to versus contrary to the menstrual cycle phases has similar effects on endurance performance and cardiovascular parameters. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05545-9. [PMID: 38977510 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the effects of polarized running training adapted to the menstrual cycle (MC) phases versus polarized training adapted contrary to the MC on endurance performance and cardiovascular parameters. METHODS Thirty-three naturally menstruating, moderately trained females (age: 26 ± 4 years; BMI: 22.3 ± 3.2 kg/m2; V ˙ O2max/rel: 40.35 ± 4.61 ml/min/kg) were randomly assigned to a control (CON) and intervention (INT) group. Both groups participated in a load-matched eight-week running training intervention. In the INT, high-intensity sessions were aligned with the mid and late follicular phase, low-intensity sessions with the early and mid-luteal phase, and recovery with the late luteal and early follicular phase. In the CON, high-intensity sessions were matched to the late luteal and early follicular phase, and recovery to the mid and late follicular phase. Endurance performance and cardiovascular parameters were assessed at baseline and after the intervention. RESULTS Twenty-six females completed the intervention. A repeated measures ANOVA determined no time × group interaction effect for any parameter. A significant time effect was found for maximal oxygen uptake (F(1,12) = 18.753, p = 0.005, ηp2 = 0.630), the velocity at the ventilatory threshold one (F(1,12) = 10.704, p = 0.007, ηp2 = 0.493) and two (F(1,12) = 7.746, p = .018, ηp2 = .413). CONCLUSION The training intervention improved endurance performance in both groups, with no further benefit observed from the MC-adapted polarized training in a group-based analysis. Replications with an extended intervention period, a larger sample size, and a more reliable MC determination are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kubica
- Health Science Department, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Sascha Ketelhut
- Health Science Department, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Philbois SV, Facioli TP, De Lucca I, Veiga AC, Chinellato N, Simões MV, Tank J, Souza HCD. What do we know about the role of menopause in cardiovascular autonomic regulation in hypertensive women? Menopause 2024; 31:408-414. [PMID: 38564706 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the systemic arterial hypertension effects on cardiovascular autonomic modulation and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in women with or without preserved ovarian function. METHODS A total of 120 women were allocated into two groups: middle-aged premenopausal women (42 ± 3 y old; n = 60) and postmenopausal women (57 ± 4 y old; n = 60). Each group was also divided into two smaller groups (n = 30): normotensive and hypertensive. We evaluated hemodynamic and anthropometric parameters, cardiorespiratory fitness, BRS, heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure variability. The effects of hypertension and menopause were assessed using a two-way analysis of variance. Post hoc comparisons were performed using the Student-Newman-Keuls test. RESULTS Comparing premenopausal groups, women with systemic arterial hypertension showed lower BRS (9.1 ± 4.4 vs 13.4 ± 4.2 ms/mm Hg, P < 0.001 ) and HRV total variance (1,451 ± 955 vs 2,483 ± 1,959 ms 2 , P = 0.005) values than normotensive; however, the vagal predominance still remained. On the other hand, both postmenopausal groups showed an expressive reduction in BRS (8.3 ± 4.2 vs 11.3 ± 4.8 ms/mm Hg, P < 0.001) and HRV characterized by sympathetic modulation predominance (low-frequency oscillations; 56% ± 17 vs 44% ± 17, P < 0.001), in addition to a significant increase in blood pressure variability variance (28.4 ± 14.9 vs 22.4 ± 12.5 mm Hg 2 , P = 0.015) compared with premenopausal groups. Comparing both postmenopausal groups, the hypertensive group had significantly lower values of HRV total variance (635 ± 449 vs 2,053 ± 1,720 ms 2 , P < 0.001) and BRS (5.3 ± 2.8 vs 11.3 ± 3.2 ms/mm Hg) than the normotensive. CONCLUSIONS Hypertensive middle-aged premenopausal women present HRV autonomic modulation impairment, but they still maintain a vagal predominance. After menopause, even normotensive women show sympathetic autonomic predominance, which may also be associated with aging. Furthermore, postmenopausal women with hypertension present even worse cardiac autonomic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella V Philbois
- From the Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tabata P Facioli
- From the Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izabella De Lucca
- From the Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Veiga
- From the Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naiara Chinellato
- From the Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Simões
- Division of Cardiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jens Tank
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hugo C D Souza
- From the Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Reginato GDS, de Jager L, Martins AB, Lucchetti BFC, de Campos BH, Lopes FNC, Araujo EJDA, Zaia CTBV, Pinge-Filho P, Martins-Pinge MC. Differential benefits of physical training associated or not with L-arginine supplementation in rats with metabolic syndrome: evaluation of cardiovascular, autonomic and metabolic parameters. Physiol Behav 2023:114251. [PMID: 37253403 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by endocrine-metabolic and cardiac alterations that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Dietary supplementation with L-Arginine (L-Arg) is beneficial for fat loss, while chronic aerobic exercise has several benefits in reversing cardiovascular, autonomic, and metabolic dysfunctions caused by obesity. However, the association between these two approaches has not yet been described. This study aimed to evaluate the possible benefits of physical training, with or without L-Arg supplementation, on cardiovascular, autonomic, and metabolic parameters in rats with MetS, which was induced by the subcutaneous administration of monosodium glutamate at 4 mg g-1day-1 in rats from the first to fifth day of life. Physical training on a treadmill and supplementation with L-Arg in adulthood were carried out concomitantly for 8 weeks. After this, the animals underwent femoral artery catheterization to record their cardiovascular parameters and autonomic modulation. Organs and blood were removed to measure levels of nitrite, glucose, and hepatic steatosis. In adult rats with MetS, supplementation with L-Arg in combination with physical training reduced hypertension, tachycardia, adipose tissue mass, free fatty acids, and hepatic steatosis. Supplementation with L-Arg and physical training separately was beneficial in reducing several aspects of MetS, but a combination of both was especially effective in reducing adipose tissue and hepatic steatosis. Together, the two therapies can form a good strategy to combat MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Souza Reginato
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Lorena de Jager
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Andressa Busetti Martins
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | | | - Blenda Hyedra de Campos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Novi Cortegoso Lopes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | | | - Cássia Thaïs B Vieira Zaia
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil
| | - Marli Cardoso Martins-Pinge
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina PR, Brazil.
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Sommer OJ, Hergan K. Cardiovascular Disease in Women: What the Radiologist Needs to Know. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2022; 195:309-318. [PMID: 36577431 DOI: 10.1055/a-1966-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex-specific disparities are well documented for cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are differences in physiology and pathophysiology, pain perception, spectrum of disease, risk, therapeutic aspects, prognosis, and outcome. CVD represents a broad spectrum of disorders. This review focuses on cardiovascular and cardiac pathology. METHOD This review summarizes the current state of the literature on cardiovascular disease in women from a radiological viewpoint. It aims to provide a deeper understanding of these differences and thereby alerts the reader to the potential of CT and MRI for diagnosing CVD in women. Special attention is paid to disparities in the underlying physiological and pathophysiological processes, clinical presentation, and the quality of care to provide a deep understanding of the topic. Cardiovascular and cardiac pathologies with a sex-specific pattern of disease are presented and typical CT and MRI findings are arranged and illustrated with imaging findings. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Sex-specific differences are not only sex hormonal in nature but are rooted in the epigenome and encompass a multitude of physiological systems. In fact, cardiovascular disease shows sex-specific characteristics spanning from incidence to clinical presentation, course of disease, and prognosis. This is of significance regarding pretest probabilities, the power of tests, imaging strategies, and interpretation of imaging results. Key sex-specific issues encompass obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), microvascular angina, myocardial infarction with non-obstructive CAD, and coronary artery dissection. Sex-specific patterns are also noted in myocardial disease and heart failure such as pregnancy-related heart disease, Takotsubo syndrome, and anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. KEY POINTS · Cardiovascular diseases have sex-specific characteristics.. · Imaging strategies and interpretation of imaging results should be adjusted for women.. · Imaging helps in the improvement of the sex-specific management of cardiovascular disease..
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Josef Sommer
- Institute of Radiology, Kardinal Schwarzenberg Hospital, Schwarzach im Pongau, Austria
| | - Klaus Hergan
- University Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
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5
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Kerley L, Meredith P, Harnett P. Investigating autonomic biomarkers of sensory processing patterns in young adults. Br J Occup Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/03080226221089845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Autonomic nervous system functioning is theorised to underpin individual differences in sensory processing, with a small amount of supporting evidence. Despite recognition of the need to measure the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, most studies have measured only one of these systems. This study investigated whether sensory processing patterns are related to autonomic balance for young adults at rest and in response to a sensory-based stressor. Method In this cross-sectional laboratory study, 100 young adults completed the adolescent/adult sensory profile. Heart rate variability and pre-ejection period were recorded before, during and after a coldpressor task. Results Relationships between sensory processing patterns and autonomic balance varied by gender. In males, low sensory thresholds were generally related to a state of reciprocal sympathetic activation. In females, low thresholds were associated with greater autonomic reactivity in response to the coldpressor. Conclusion This study showed, for the first time in young adults, that sensory processing patterns may be linked to patterns of autonomic balance. Therapists should be aware that young men with low sensory thresholds may be more likely than others to exhibit a resting state of sympathetic hyperarousal and further research should investigate whether this impacts their daily functioning and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Kerley
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Pamela Meredith
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Sunshine Coast University, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Harnett
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Queensland, Australia
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Finding a rhythm: Relating ultra-short-term heart rate variability measures in healthy young adults during rest, exercise, and recovery. Auton Neurosci 2022; 239:102953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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de Paula Facioli T, Vieira Philbois S, Augusto Aguilar B, Catarine Veiga A, Celso Dutra de Souza H. Combined effects of angiotensin receptor blocker use and physical training in hypertensive men. Clin Exp Hypertens 2022; 44:372-381. [PMID: 35343339 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2055763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pharmacological (angiotensin II receptor type 1 receptor blocker use) and non-pharmacological treatment (physical aerobic exercise) are important strategies to reduces blood pressure and control arterial hypertension; however, only few clinical studies have evaluated their combined effects on autonomic cardiovascular control. Therefore, we investigated the effect of a combination intervention that involved losartan administration and physical aerobic training on autonomic cardiovascular control. METHODS Thirty-two men (aged 40 to 60 years) were assigned into two groups: normotensive group, without any pharmacological treatment (NG, N = 16), or hypertensive group, with losartan administration (HG, N = 16). They underwent a physical aerobic training for 16 weeks, thrice a week. Hemodynamic parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability, and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were measured before and after training. RESULTS Before training, both the groups showed similar values of hemodynamic parameters. However, the HG showed decreased BRS and HRV, characterized by reduction in sympathetic (p = .02) and vagal (p < .001) modulation. After training, the NG exhibited decreased heart rate (HR) at rest (p < .001), whereas the HG showed decreased HR at rest (p < .001) and blood pressure (BP) (p = .001). The HG showed decreased sympathetic modulation (p = .02) and increased BRS (p < .001) and vagal modulation (p < .001), but HRV (p < .001) and BRS gain (p < .001) remained significantly lower when compared to the NG. CONCLUSIONS Physical aerobic training was essential to improve the BRS and HRV cardiac autonomic modulation in the HG. However, it was not sufficient to normalize the analyzed autonomic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tábata de Paula Facioli
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stella Vieira Philbois
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Augusto Aguilar
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarine Veiga
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Celso Dutra de Souza
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Christofaro DGD, Tebar WR, Vanderlei LCM, Fernandes RA, Mota J, Mielke GI, Ritti-Dias RM. Association of cardiac autonomic modulation with different intensities of physical activity in a small Brazilian inner city: a gender analysis. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 23:649-655. [PMID: 35184676 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2044913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPhysical activity has been linked to higher cardiac autonomic modulation. However, it is not clear in the literature which type of intensity of physical activity (sedentary, light, moderate, or vigorous) could be related to better cardiac autonomic modulation and whether this relationship is similar in men and women. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between cardiac autonomic modulation and the different intensities of physical activity in men and women. The sample included 100 men and 131 women. Cardiac autonomic modulation was obtained by heart rate variability (SDNN, RMSSD, LF un, HF un, SD1, and SD2). Time spent in different intensities (sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous intensity physical activity) was measured using a waist-worn accelerometer for seven days. Linear regression was used to verify the relationship between physical activity and cardiac autonomic modulation, considering the adjustment for age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic level. Among men, a significant relationship of moderate intensity was observed with SDNN (β=2.442; p = 0.021) and SD2 (β=2.936, p = 0.028), and of vigorous intensity with SDNN (β=12.826, p = 0.028), RMSSD (β=16.370, p = 0.018), and SD1 (β=12.344, p = 0.025) indices. Among women, light-intensity physical activity was significantly related with LFnu (β= .655, p = 0.005) and HFnu (β= -.590, p = 0.010). Moderate and vigorous physical activity was associated with better cardiac autonomic modulation in men. Light physical activity was associated with lower sympathetic modulation in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego G D Christofaro
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - William R Tebar
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica, Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos M Vanderlei
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Rômulo A Fernandes
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center on Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gregore I Mielke
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Philbois SV, Ribeiro VB, Tank J, dos Reis RM, Gerlach DA, Souza HCD. Cardiovascular autonomic modulation differences between moderate-intensity continuous and high-intensity interval aerobic training in women with PCOS: A randomized trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1024844. [PMID: 36568110 PMCID: PMC9782449 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1024844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) is strongly recommended for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) treatment. However, recent studies have suggested that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would promote great benefits for cardiac autonomic control. Therefore, we investigated whether the benefits of HIIT related to cardiovascular autonomic control were greater than those of MICT in women with PCOS. METHODS Women with PCOS were randomly allocated through a blind draw into three groups: control, MICT, and HIIT. The control group did not undergo exercise, whereas those in the MICT and HIIT groups underwent 16 weeks of aerobic physical training. All groups were evaluated before and after the 16 weeks of intervention in the following aspects: quantification of serum lipids, testosterone, fasting insulin and blood glucose; physical fitness through cardiopulmonary testing; analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) by linear (time domain and frequency domain) and non-linear (symbolic analysis) methods, analysis of blood pressure variability (BPV) and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). RESULTS The final analysis, each group comprised 25 individuals. All groups had similar baseline parameters. After 16 weeks, intragroup comparison showed that the MICT and HIIT groups had a reduction in baseline heart rate (P < 0.001; P < 0.001, respectively) and testosterone levels P < 0.037; P < 0.012, respectively) associated with an increase in VO2peak (MICT, P < 0.001; HIIT, P < 0.001). The MICT (P < 0.36) and HIIT (P < 0.17) groups also showed an increase in cardiac vagal modulation, however only observed in the non-linear analysis. The intergroup comparison showed no differences between the MICT and HIIT groups in any of the hormonal, metabolic and autonomic parameters evaluated, including testosterone, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), HRV, BPV and BRS. CONCLUSION HIIT and MICT showed similar results for the different parameters evaluated. This suggests that both training protocols can be recommended for the treatment of PCOS. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (RBR-78qtwy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella V. Philbois
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiovascular Physiotherapy, Department of Science of Health, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor B. Ribeiro
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jens Tank
- Department of Cardiovascular Aerospace Medicine, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rosana Maria dos Reis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Darius A. Gerlach
- Department of Cardiovascular Aerospace Medicine, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hugo C. D. Souza
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiovascular Physiotherapy, Department of Science of Health, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Cardiovascular Aerospace Medicine, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Hugo C. D. Souza,
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10
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Shi P, Li A, Wu L, Yu H. The effect of passive lower limb training on heart rate asymmetry. Physiol Meas 2021; 43. [PMID: 34915452 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac43c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heart rate asymmetry (HRA) is an approach for quantitatively assessing the uneven distribution of heart rate accelerations and decelerations for sinus rhythm. We aimed to investigate whether automatic regulation led to HRA alternation during passive lower limb training. METHODS Thirty healthy participants were recruited in this study. The protocol included a baseline (Pre-E) and three passive lower limb training trials (E1, E2 and E3) with a randomized order. Several variance-based HRA variables were established. Heart rate variability (HRV) parameters, i.e., mean RR, SDNN, RMSSD, LF (n.u.), HF (n.u.) and VLF (ms2), and HRA variables, i.e., SD1a, SD1d, SD2a, SD2d, SDNNa and SDNNd, were calculated by using 5-min RR time series, as well as the normalized HRA variables, i.e., C1a, C1d, C2a, C2d, Ca and Cd. RESULTS Our results showed that the performance of HRA was distinguished. The normalized HRA was observed with significant changes in E1, E2 and E3 compared to Pre -E. Moreover, parts of non-normalized HRA variables correlated with HRV parameters, which indicated that HRA might benefit in assessing cardiovascular modulation in passive lower limb training. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study suggested that passive training led to significant HRA alternation and the application of HRA gave us the possibility for autonomic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shi
- nstitute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 580 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China, shanghai, Shanghai, 200093, CHINA
| | - Anan Li
- nstitute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, no.580 Jungong road, Yangpu district, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200093, CHINA
| | - Liang Wu
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 580 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, 200093, CHINA
| | - Hongliu Yu
- nstitute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 580 Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, Shanghai, 200093, CHINA
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Souza HCD, Philbois SV, Veiga AC, Aguilar BA. Heart Rate Variability and Cardiovascular Fitness: What We Know so Far. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2021; 17:701-711. [PMID: 34803382 PMCID: PMC8598208 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s279322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuation analysis in intervals between heartbeats provides important indices related to autonomic modulation of heart rate variability (HRV). These indices are considered predictors of morbidity and mortality as they are frequently altered in patients with chronic degenerative diseases, especially in those with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Similarly, a reduction in HRV is common with aging. In all cases, cardiovascular fitness is often reduced to below the predicted values. In turn, increases in cardiovascular fitness through regular physical exercise, especially aerobic exercise, represent an important therapeutic tool capable of promoting positive adjustments in cardiac autonomic modulation. These adjustments are characterized by reduced sympathetic modulatory influence and/or increased vagal modulatory influence on the heart, increasing the HRV. Therefore, several methodological tools have been used to assess the degree of impairment of autonomic modulation and the therapeutic effects of physical exercise. In contrast, establishment of strict protocols in experimental design is a main challenge in establishing HRV analysis as a robust parameter for evaluating cardiovascular homeostasis. Thus, this review aimed to contribute to the understanding of autonomic modulation of HRV and its relationship with cardiovascular fitness, highlighting the advances made thus far, the applicability of analysis tools, and the confounding factors observed frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Celso Dutra Souza
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stella Vieira Philbois
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarine Veiga
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Augusto Aguilar
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Claiborne A, Alessio H, Slattery E, Hughes M, Barth E, Cox R. Heart Rate Variability Reflects Similar Cardiac Autonomic Function in Explosive and Aerobically Trained Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010669. [PMID: 34682412 PMCID: PMC8535639 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autonomic cardiac function can be indirectly detected non-invasively by measuring the variation in microtiming of heart beats by a method known as heart rate variability (HRV). Aerobic training for sport is associated with reduced risk for some factors associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but effects on autonomic function in different athlete types are less known. To compare cardiac autonomic modulation using a standard protocol and established CVD risk factors in highly trained intercollegiate athletes competing in aerobic, explosive, and cross-trained sports. A total of 176 college athletes were categorized in distinct sports as explosive (EA), aerobic (AA), or cross-trained (mixed) athletes. Eight different HRV measures obtained at rest were compared across training type and five health factors: systolic (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body weight (BW), sex, and race. All athletic types shared favorable HRV measures that correlated with low CVD risk factors and indicated normal sympathovagal balance. A significant correlation was reported between DBP and pNN50 (% RR intervals > 50 ms) (β = -0.214, p = 0.011) and between BW and low-frequency (LF) power (β = 0.205, p = 0.006). Caucasian and African American athletes differed significantly (p < 0.05) with respect to four HRV variables: pNN50, HF power, LF power, and LF/HF ratios. Explosive, aerobic and mixed athletes had similar cardiovascular and autonomic HRV results in all eight HRV parameters measured. All athletes reported LF and pNN50 values that were significantly correlated with two CVD risk factors: DBP and BW. Compared with Caucasian teammates, African American athletes demonstrated lower LF/HF and higher pNN50, indicating an even more favorable resting sympathovagal activity and healthy CV function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Claiborne
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (A.C.); (E.S.); (E.B.); (R.C.)
| | - Helaine Alessio
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (A.C.); (E.S.); (E.B.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-513-529-2700
| | - Eric Slattery
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (A.C.); (E.S.); (E.B.); (R.C.)
| | - Michael Hughes
- Department of Statistics, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA;
| | - Edwin Barth
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (A.C.); (E.S.); (E.B.); (R.C.)
| | - Ronald Cox
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (A.C.); (E.S.); (E.B.); (R.C.)
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Tricot GK, Novelli FII, Cambri LT. Obesity does not Impair Ambulatory Cardiovascular and Autonomic Responses Post-exercise. Int J Sports Med 2021; 42:1083-1091. [PMID: 33772502 DOI: 10.1055/a-1393-6184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess whether obesity and/or maximal exercise can change 24 h cardiac autonomic modulation and blood pressure in young men. Thirty-nine men (n: 20; 21.9±1.8 kg·m-2, and n: 19; 32.9±2.4 kg·m-2) were randomly assigned to perform a control (non-exercise) and an experimental day exercise (after maximal incremental test). Cardiac autonomic modulation was evaluated through frequency domain heart rate variability (HRV). Obesity did not impair the ambulatory HRV (p>0.05), however higher diastolic blood pressure during asleep time (p=0.02; group main effect) was observed. The 24 h and awake heart rate was higher on the experimental day (p<0.05; day main effect), regardless of obesity. Hypotension on the experimental day, compared to control day, was observed (p<0.05). Obesity indicators were significantly correlated with heart rate during asleep time (Rho=0.34 to 0.36) and with ambulatory blood pressure(r/Rho=0.32 to 0.53). Furthermore, the HRV threshold workload was significantly correlated with ambulatory heart rate (r/Rho=- 0.38 to-0.52). Finally, ambulatory HRV in obese young men was preserved; however, diastolic blood pressure was increased during asleep time. Maximal exercise caused heart rate increase and 24h hypotension, with decreased cardiac autonomic modulation in the first hour, regardless of obesity.
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Study of heart rate recovery and cardiovascular autonomic modulation in healthy participants after submaximal exercise. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3620. [PMID: 33574441 PMCID: PMC7878503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83071-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability (BPV), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) provide important information on cardiovascular autonomic control. However, little is known about the reorganization of HRV, BPV, and BRS after aerobic exercise. While there is a positive relationship between heart rate (HR) recovery rate and cardiorespiratory fitness, it is unclear whether there is a relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and reorganization of cardiovascular autonomic modulation during recovery. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether cardiorespiratory fitness influences the cardiovascular autonomic modulation recovery, after a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Sixty men were assigned into groups according to their cardiorespiratory fitness: low cardiorespiratory fitness (LCF = VO2: 22–38 mL kg−1 min−1), moderate (MCF = VO2: 38–48 mL kg−1 min−1), and high (HCF = VO2 > 48 mL kg−1 min−1). HRV (linear and non-linear analysis) and BPV (spectral analysis), and BRS (sequence method) were performed before and after a cardiopulmonary exercise test. The groups with higher cardiorespiratory fitness had lower baseline HR values and HR recovery time after the cardiopulmonary exercise test. On comparing rest and recovery periods, the spectral analysis of HRV showed a decrease in low-frequency (LF) oscillations in absolute units and high frequency (HF) in absolute and normalized units. It also showed increases in LF oscillations of blood pressure. Nonlinear analysis showed a reduction in approximate entropy (ApEn) and in Poincare Plot parameters (SD1 and SD2), accompanied by increases in detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) parameters α1 and α2. However, we did not find differences in cardiovascular autonomic modulation parameters and BRS in relation to cardiorespiratory fitness neither before nor after the cardiopulmonary test. We concluded that cardiorespiratory fitness does not affect cardiovascular autonomic modulations after cardiopulmonary exercise test, unlike HR recovery.
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Wu R, Su Y, Yuan Q, Li L, Wuri J, Liu X, Yan T. Sex Effect on Cardiac Damage in Mice With Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. ASN Neuro 2021; 13:1759091421991771. [PMID: 33541127 PMCID: PMC7868497 DOI: 10.1177/1759091421991771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Recent clinical study suggested that MS patient exhibited acute heart failure. Further, 12-lead electrocardiographic study showed a longer QTc interval in both MS patient and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) Lewis rat. However, there is limited study regarding the effect of sex on cardiac injury in EAE. To our knowledge, sex effect on cardiac damage in mice with EAE has not yet been published. Herein, we examined the role of the immune system in mediating cardiac dysfunction after EAE in female and male mice. Neurological function was subsequently evaluated and cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography at multiple time points after EAE. EAE mice exhibited severe neurological deficit and significant cardiac dysfunction, including decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) at 1 and 2 months after EAE induction. Meanwhile male EAE presented increased expression of the oxidative stress (e.g., nicotinamaide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-2; NOX-2) in heart, as well as cardiac hypertrophy, increased left ventricle (LV) mass and more severe cardiac fibrosis compared with male control mice. In addition, male EAE mice showed significantly increased cardiac canonical inflammatory mediator (e.g., monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MCP-1, transforming growth factor-β; TGF-β and toll-like receptor 2; TLR-2) compared with female EAE mice at 2 months after EAE induction. In conclusion, EAE increases inflammatory factor expression and aggravates cardiac dysfunction in male mice compared with female mice, which may contribute to different cardiac outcome in EAE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Su
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jimusi Wuri
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
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Philbois SV, Facioli TP, Gastaldi AC, Rodrigues JAL, Tank J, Fares TH, Rodrigues KP, Souza HCD. Important differences between hypertensive middle-aged women and men in cardiovascular autonomic control-a critical appraisal. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:11. [PMID: 33430973 PMCID: PMC7802327 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Normotensive premenopausal women show a vagal predominance of cardiac autonomic modulation, whereas age-matched men show a predominance of sympathetic modulation. However, some women develop systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) even with preserved ovarian function. Our hypothesis is that these women may have cardiovascular autonomic parameters similar to those of hypertensive men, even when subjected to pharmacological treatment. We aimed to investigate cardiovascular autonomic control and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in hypertensive premenopausal women and age-matched men. Methods One hundred volunteers between 18 and 45 years of age were assigned to two groups (50 participants each): a hypertensive group including patients with a history of SAH for at least 6 months (25 men and 25 women), who were under treatment with monotherapy (losartan, 25–50 mg/kg); and a normotensive group (25 men and 25 women). Anthropometric, hemodynamic, metabolic, and autonomic cardiovascular assessments were performed focusing on BRS, autonomic modulation of heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure variability (BPV). Results On HRV analysis, women showed higher values of high-frequency (HF) oscillations in absolute and normalized units, lower values of low-frequency (LF) in normalized units, and lower LF/HF ratio, as compared with men. When the normotensive and hypertensive groups were compared, hypertensive groups showed lower values of total variance and of LF and HF bands in absolute units. On BRS, hypertensive groups showed lower values than the normotensive group. Conclusion Regardless of blood pressure control through pharmacological treatment, hypertensive patients continued to have reduced HRV compared to normotensive, and hypertensive men had more autonomic impairment than hypertensive premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella V Philbois
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Physiotherapy, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Tábata P Facioli
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Physiotherapy, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ada C Gastaldi
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Physiotherapy, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Jhennyfer A L Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Physiotherapy, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Jens Tank
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thauane H Fares
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Physiotherapy, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Karine P Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Physiotherapy, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Hugo C D Souza
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Physiotherapy, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Tricot GK, Araújo JA, Novelli FI, Puga GM, Arsa G, Cambri LT. Parasympathetic modulation during sleep time is reduced after maximal exercise, correlated with aerobic fitness in young women. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CINEANTROPOMETRIA E DESEMPENHO HUMANO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-0037.2021v23e83295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
abstract It is known that cardiovascular risk is increased during exercise and recovery. Thus, it is necessary to assess all the risk associated with exercise to minimize the possibility of cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to verify whether a maximal exercise alters ambulatory cardiac autonomic modulation in untrained women and whether aerobic fitness is correlated to cardiac autonomic modulation. Twelve women (25.35 ± 5.44 years) were outfitted with the Holter monitor on an experimental (after maximum exercise) and a control day to heart rate variability (HRV) evaluation. Maximal exercise increased 24 h heart rate (82 ± 14 vs 77 ± 11 bpm; p = 0.04) and during sleep time (72 ± 14 vs. 65 ± 9 bpm; p = 0.01), reduced parasympathetic modulation (HF – n.u. 49.96 ± 11.56 vs 42.10 ± 14.98; p = 0.04), and increased low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (2.88 ± 3.24 vs 1.31 ± 0.60; p = 0.03) during sleep time compared to the control day. Aerobic fitness was correlated positively with LF, HF, and HF (n.u.) indices (r = 0.61 to 0.73, p < 0.05) and correlated negatively with LF (n.u.) and LF/HF ratio (Rho = - 0.57 to - 0.69; p < 0.05). Maximal exercise alters parasympathetic modulation during sleep time in untrained women. Ambulatory cardiac autonomic modulation after exercise is related to aerobic fitness.
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Post-Exercise Hypotension and Reduced Cardiac Baroreflex after Half-Marathon Run: In Men, but Not in Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176337. [PMID: 32878130 PMCID: PMC7503517 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether trained women exhibit similar cardiovascular and cardiac baroreflex alterations after a half-marathon compared to men. Thirteen women (39.1 ± 9.3 years; 165 ± 6 cm; 58.2 ± 7.5 kg; maximal aerobic speed (MAS): 13.7 ± 2.2 km·h-1) and 12 men (45.7 ± 10.5 years; 178 ± 7 cm; 75.0 ± 8.3 kg; MAS: 15.8 ± 2.2 km·h-1) ran an official half-marathon. Before and 60-min after, cardiovascular variables, parasympathetic (heart rate variability analysis) modulation and cardiac baroreflex function (transfer function and sequence analyses) were assessed during supine rest and a squat-stand test. Running performance was slower in women than in men (120 ± 19 vs. 104 ± 14 min for women and men, respectively). However, when expressed as a percentage of MAS, it was similar (78.1 ± 4.6% and 78.2 ± 5.4% of MAS for women and men, respectively). Before the run, women exhibited lower mean blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) compared to men, together with higher parasympathetic indexes. After the race, parasympathetic indexes decreased in both sexes, but remained higher in women. Reduced SV, systolic BP and cardiac baroreflex were observed in men but not in women. Contrary to men, a competitive half-marathon did not trigger post-exercise hypotension and a reduced cardiac baroreflex in women.
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de Campos BH, de Jager L, Reginato GS, Pereira RS, Crestani CC, Pinge-Filho P, Martins-Pinge MC. Cardiovascular evaluation of female rats with 6-OHDA-induced parkinsonism: Possible protection by ovarian hormones and participation of nitric oxide. Life Sci 2020; 259:118259. [PMID: 32795538 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder caused by environmental and genetic factors, characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), leading to a decrease of dopamine in the striatum. In addition to motor symptoms, PD has several abnormalities, among which are cardiovascular changes, such as orthostatic and postprandial hypotension, and blood pressure lability. Studies demonstrate gender differences in PD pathogenesis, indicating that female hormones have a protective role against disease development. However, no studies examining cardiovascular changes in a female rat model of parkinsonism exist. MAIN METHODS Wistar female rats were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery. After seven days, these animals were subjected to bilateral infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or vehicle solution in their SNpc. On the 14th experimental day, a femoral artery catheterization was performed to record cardiovascular parameters after 24 h in conscious state. Analyses of cardiovascular variability and spontaneous baroreflex were performed. The nitrite (NO) concentration in the heart, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, and plasma was measured. KEY FINDINGS The sham-6-OHDA group had no decrease in the mean arterial pressure compared to sham-saline group, whereas the OVX-6-OHDA group presented a baseline decrease in comparison to sham-6-OHDA. The OVX-6-OHDA group showed an NO increase in the heart and abdominal aorta, whereas the sham-6-OHDA group did not. The very low frequency variability component decreased in the sham-6-OHDA but not in the OVX-6-OHDA group. SIGNIFICANCE We suggest a cardiovascular protection by ovarian hormones in PD with a possible NO involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blenda Hyedra de Campos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Lorena de Jager
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Souza Reginato
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Rito Santo Pereira
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos César Crestani
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marli Cardoso Martins-Pinge
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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Contrasts in intermittent endurance performance and heart rate response between female and male soccer players of different playing levels. Biol Sport 2020; 36:323-331. [PMID: 31938003 PMCID: PMC6945050 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2019.88755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared intermittent endurance performance and heart rate (HR) response, as well as their relationship, by sex and competitive level in soccer. A total of 68 outfield (18 elite and 16 sub-elite female, 17 elite and 17 sub-elite male) soccer players performed the Interval Shuttle Run Test (ISRT) with monitored HR. Sex and level effects were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the relationships between parameters using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Female players presented lower performance (effect sizes [ES]: 2.12-4.71, p < 0.01) and higher submaximal HR during the ISRT (ES: 1.66-3.40, p < 0.01). Elite players showed higher performance and reduced submaximal HR compared with their sub-elite counterparts, with a large level effect only evident between the female groups (ES: 1.22-1.56, p < 0.01). The maximum and the HR recovery 1 min after the ISRT (HRR) did not differ among all groups (ES: 0.01-0.51, p ≥ 0.18). The HRR was slightly related to the test performance for all groups (r = 0.20, p = 0.12). Large to very large negative correlations were verified between HR at 6 and 9 min during the ISRT and the test performance for each group (r = -0.54 to -0.84, p ≤ 0.04). However, 16 (3 elite and 13 sub-elite) female players did not reach the 9th minute of the test. The gap between competitive levels among female soccer players is greater than that observed for male players in intermittent endurance performance and submaximal HR response. The HRR had only a minor impact on performance and was influenced neither by sex nor by level.
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Costa E Silva G, Costa PB, da Conceição RR, Pimenta L, de Almeida RL, Sato MA. Acute effects of different static stretching exercises orders on cardiovascular and autonomic responses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15738. [PMID: 31673012 PMCID: PMC6823348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the acute effects of static stretching (SS) exercise order on cardiac responses. Seventeen individuals were submitted to two experimental SS session: Order “A” (larger to small muscles groups) and Order “B” (small to larger muscles groups). Heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), rate-pressure product (RPP) oxygen saturation (SpO2), and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured at rest, midpoint of the session, immediately after the session, and in 5, 10, and 20 minutes after. SS increased HR and RPP in both orders, while reducing the rMSSD index and SpO2. In the order “A”, the SBP and DBP increased at the midpoint of the session. In the order “B”, the SBP and DBP increased only immediately after the end of the session. DBP and RPP significantly higher in order “A” compared to order “B” in the midpoint of the session. It was also demonstrated higher values of DBP and minor mean R-R intervals in order “B” at 10 min-post session. SS increased cardiac overload in both performed orders. The overload generated by the SS of the larger muscles groups was greater when compared to the smaller muscles groups, suggesting that the exercise order interferes in cardiac overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Costa E Silva
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario Saude ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil. .,Research Group in Science of Human Movement, Colegio Pedro II, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Human Performance of the Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (LFDH/UFRRJ), Seropedica, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Pablo B Costa
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, USA
| | | | - Leonardo Pimenta
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario Saude ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto L de Almeida
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario Saude ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica A Sato
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario Saude ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
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Fractal correlations and linear analyses of heart rate variability in healthy young people with different levels of physical activity. Cardiol Young 2019; 29:1236-1242. [PMID: 31475643 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951119001793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Changes in cardiac autonomic regulation, expressed by increased sympathetic activity and decreased heart rate variability, have an important relationship with the onset of lethal cardiac phenomena. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the cardiac autonomic behaviour in young people according to their level of physical activity. Through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, 55 healthy young non-smokers with no history of previous diseases and whose parents did not suffer from metabolic syndrome were assessed and divided into groups: sedentary (n=12), insufficiently active (n=16), active (n=14), and very active (n=13). We collected respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest, and body mass index. Subjects remained supine at rest, and without mental stress for 15 minutes in a controlled environment. Using a cardiofrequency meter (Polar® RS800CX), data were analysed in the time domain, frequency domain, and detrended fluctuation analysis. For the sedentary group, the mean RR and rMSSD were significantly lower, and the insufficiently active group showed higher means, but significantly only for rMSSD. The insufficiently active group showed in the detrended fluctuation analysis that α2 was significantly lower compared with the sedentary, active, and very active groups. We conclude that young, healthy, sedentary individuals present an increased heart rate and that insufficiently active individuals present a decreased fractal correlation and increased parasympathetic activity.
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The blood pressure variability and baroreflex sensitivity in healthy participants are not determined by sex or cardiorespiratory fitness. Blood Press Monit 2019; 23:260-270. [PMID: 29994926 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) autonomic modulation and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) are important indexes of cardiovascular homeostasis. However, methodological errors are often observed, such as joint analysis of men and women. Another important aspect is that we still do not know whether cardiorespiratory fitness influences these autonomic parameters in healthy individuals. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether sex can affect BRS, autonomic modulation of HR and BP variabilities (HRV and BPV, respectively), as well as the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on these autonomic parameters. METHODS Healthy men and women (N=120) were assigned to groups according to the peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) obtained in the cardiorespiratory test: low cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak: 22-38 ml/kg/min), moderate cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak: 38-48 ml/kg/min), and high cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak>48 ml/kg/min). HRV and BPV evaluations were performed for all groups in the frequency domain by spectral analysis. Spontaneous BRS was assessed using the sequence method. RESULTS Women presented lower BP values compared with men. HR did not differ between sexes, but showed an inverse relationship with cardiorespiratory performance. The HRV analysis showed greater sympathetic modulation for men and greater vagal modulation for women. Men and women presented similar results for systolic BPV and BRS, and cardiorespiratory performance did not influence any of the autonomic parameters evaluated. CONCLUSION Cardiorespiratory fitness does not interfere with HRV and BPV autonomic modulation or BRS. However, the cardiac modulatory balance differs between sexes, with a greater influence of the autonomic vagal component in women and the sympathetic component in men.
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Gifford RM, Boos CJ, Reynolds RM, Woods DR. Recovery time and heart rate variability following extreme endurance exercise in healthy women. Physiol Rep 2019; 6:e13905. [PMID: 30381902 PMCID: PMC6209688 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between autonomic function and recovery following prolonged arduous exercise in women has not been examined. We undertook an exploratory study that aimed to examine the temporal change in linear and nonlinear measures of heart rate variability (HRV) following prolonged arduous exercise in the form of first all‐female (mean age 32.7 ± 3.1 years) team to attempt an unassisted Antarctic traverse. HRV analysis was performed before and 1, 4, and 15 days postexpedition. The traverse was completed in 61 days. There was a significant paired reduction in heart rate, LnLF, LF:HF, DFAα1 between baseline and 15 days postexercise in the same environment. Conversely, RMSSD, LnHF and HFnu, SD1:SD2, and SampEn significantly increased. DFAα2 levels significantly fell from baseline to Day 1 postexercise. In conclusion, we observed a significant latent increase in relative parasympathetic dominance and RR interval irregularity at 15 days post prolonged arduous exercise, versus pre‐exercise baseline, in a group of very fit and healthy adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Gifford
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, Edinburgh.,Defence Medical Services, Lichfield, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Boos
- Department of Cardiology, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, United Kingdom.,Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom.,Research Institute, for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | - David R Woods
- Defence Medical Services, Lichfield, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, United Kingdom.,Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom.,Research Institute, for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Northumbria and Newcastle NHS Trusts, Wansbeck General and Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom.,University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Spina GD, Gonze BB, Barbosa ACB, Sperandio EF, Dourado VZ. Presence of age- and sex-related differences in heart rate variability despite the maintenance of a suitable level of accelerometer-based physical activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8088. [PMID: 31389489 PMCID: PMC6686273 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is currently a lack of information adjacent on the influence of sex and age in heart rate variability (HRV), adjusted according to accelerometer-based physical activity (PADL). We hypothesized that the effect of sex and age on the HRV should be reduced or absent in individuals with a suitable PADL level. We aim to evaluate the influence of sex and age on HRV, adjusted for the confounding effects of the PADL level. A total of 485 age-stratified subjects (18–39, 40–59, and ≥60 years) underwent HRV analyses at rest and 7-day assessments of accelerometer-based PADL. Multivariate analyses of covariance were done using log-transformed HRV indices as outcomes, age and sex as fixed factors, and PADL, cardiovascular risk, fat body mass, and heart rate (HR) at rest as covariates. Despite the adjustment for directly measured PADL, women had better indices of vagal tone, whereas men had higher sympathetic influence. Also, compared to middle-aged and older adults, younger individuals (ages 18–39 years) presented better HRV. Multiple regression analyses confirmed that age and sex were the main predictors of HRV indices, even after adjusting for PADL directly assessed by triaxial accelerometer and HR. We also observed that the correlation between some HRV indexes and the different indexes of physical activity directly evaluated was significant, but not very consistent. Thus, HRV indices are influenced by age and sex, regardless of accelerometer-based physical activity. Interventions with physical activity and exercise aimed at improving the autonomic modulation of asymptomatic adults should take such differences into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Spina
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - B B Gonze
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - A C B Barbosa
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - E F Sperandio
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - V Z Dourado
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brasil
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Turossi Amorim ED, de Jager L, Martins AB, Rodrigues AT, Cruz Lucchetti BF, Ariza D, Pinge‐Filho P, Crestani CC, Uchoa ET, Martins‐Pinge MC. Glutamate and GABA neurotransmission are increased in paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus in rats induced to 6-OHDA parkinsonism: Involvement of nNOS. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13264. [PMID: 30716212 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that manifests itself clinically after reaching an advanced pathological stage. Besides motor signals, PD patients present cardiovascular and autonomic alterations. Recent data showed that rats induced to Parkinsonism by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) administration in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) showed lower mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), as reduction in sympathetic modulation. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) is an important site for autonomic and cardiovascular control, and amino acid neurotransmission has a central role. We evaluate PVN amino acid neurotransmission in cardiovascular and autonomic effects of 6-OHDA Parkinsonism. METHODS Male Wistar rats were submitted to guide cannulas implantation into the PVN. 6-OHDA or sterile saline (sham) was administered bilaterally in the SNpc. After 7 days, cardiovascular recordings in conscious state was performed. RESULTS Bicuculline promoted an increase in MAP and HR in sham group and exacerbated those effects in 6-OHDA group. NBQX (non-NMDA inhibitor) did not promote changes in sham as in 6-OHDA group. On the other hand, PVN microinjection of LY235959 (NMDA inhibitor) in sham group did not induced cardiovascular alterations, but decreased MAP and HR in 6-OHDA group. Compared to Sham group, 6-OHDA lesion increased the number of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-immunoreactive neurons in the PVN and, nNOS inhibition promoted higher increases in MAP and HR. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the decreased baseline blood pressure and heart rate in animals with Parkinsonism may be due to an increased GABAergic tone via nNOS in the PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Diego Turossi Amorim
- Departament of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil
| | - Lorena de Jager
- Departament of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil
| | - Andressa Busetti Martins
- Departament of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil
| | - Ananda Totti Rodrigues
- Departament of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil
| | | | - Deborah Ariza
- Departament of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge‐Filho
- Departament of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil
| | - Carlos Cesar Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences UNESP ‐ Univ Estadual Paulista Araraquara Brazil
| | - Ernane Torres Uchoa
- Departament of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil
| | - Marli Cardoso Martins‐Pinge
- Departament of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences State University of Londrina Londrina Brazil
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Dose-response relationship between very vigorous physical activity and cardiovascular health assessed by heart rate variability in adults: Cross-sectional results from the EPIMOV study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210216. [PMID: 30703127 PMCID: PMC6354985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The minimum amount of physical activity needed to obtain health benefits has been widely determined. Unlikely, the impact of extreme amounts of very vigorous physical activity (VVPA, ≥ 8 metabolic equivalents) to the heart remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the dose-response relationship between VVPA and heart rate variability (HRV) in adults. We selected 1040 asymptomatic individuals (60% women, 42 ± 15 years, 28 ± 6 kg/m2) from the Epidemiology and Human Movement Study (EPIMOV). Participants remained in the supine position for 10 min, and we selected an intermediate 5-min window for HRV analysis. The standard deviation of the RR intervals, root mean square of RR intervals, successive RR intervals that differ > 50 ms, powers of the low-and high-frequency bands and Poincaré plot standard deviations were quantified. Participants used a triaxial accelerometer (Actigraph GT3x+) above the dominant hip for 4-7 consecutive days for quantifying their physical activity. We also evaluated the maximum oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) during an exercise test. We stratified participants into five groups according to the VVPA in min/week (group 1, ≤ 1.50; 2, 1.51-3.16; 3, 3.17-3.54; 4, 3.55-20.75; and 5, > 20.75). The linear trends of the HRV through the quintiles of VVPA were investigated. We used logarithmic transformations to compare the five groups adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular risk, and [Formula: see text]. We found a better HRV with increased VVPA for all HRV indices studied (p trend < 0.05). However, group 5 did not differ from group 4 (p > 0.05) for none of the indices. We conclude that there is an incremental benefit of VVPA on HRV of asymptomatic adults. Since we found neither additional benefits nor the harmful impact of amounts of VVPA as high as 22 min/week on HRV, our results should not discourage asymptomatic adults to perform VVPA.
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Bhati P, Moiz JA, Menon GR, Hussain ME. Does resistance training modulate cardiac autonomic control? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Auton Res 2018; 29:75-103. [PMID: 30141031 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-018-0558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically evaluate the literature on the effects of resistance training (RT) on cardiac autonomic control in healthy and diseased individuals. METHODS Electronic databases Pubmed, PEDro, and Scopus were systematically searched from their inception up to June 2018. Randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental trials, and cross-over controlled trials investigating the effect of RT (of at least 4 weeks duration) on cardiac autonomic control assessed either by linear or non-linear measures of heart rate variability (HRV), baroreflex sensitivity, or post-exercise heart rate recovery were included. Of the studies retrieved, 28 were included in the systematic review. Meta-analysis was performed on 21 studies of the total 28 studies. RESULTS Quality and characteristic assessment revealed fair quality evidence. The majority of literature on healthy humans suggested no change in cardiac autonomic control following RT. Standardized mean differences (SMD) showed a significant effect of RT on root mean square of successive differences between adjacent inter-beat (R-R) intervals (RMSSD) [SMD 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20-1.73; p = 0.01], ratio of low- to high-frequency power of HRV (LF/HF ratio; SMD -0.72, 95% CI -1.03 to -0.42; p < 0.00001), standard deviation of the instantaneous beat-to-beat variability (SD1; SMD 1.78, 95% CI 1.07-2.49, p < 0.00001), and sample entropy (SMD 1.17, 95% CI 0.36-1.97, p = 0.005) in diseased individuals. CONCLUSION This rigorous systematic analysis revealed that RT has no or minimal effects on cardiac autonomic control of healthy individuals, but RT leads to improvement in cardiac autonomic control of diseased individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Bhati
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Jamal Ali Moiz
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Geetha R Menon
- National Institute of Medical Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - M Ejaz Hussain
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Castardo-de-Paula JC, de Campos BH, de Jager L, Amorim EDT, Zanluqui NG, de Farias CC, Higachi L, Pinge-Filho P, Barbosa DS, Martins-Pinge MC. Effects of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition on Cardiovascular Risk of Adult Endotoxemic Female Rats: Role of Estrogen. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1020. [PMID: 30108513 PMCID: PMC6079304 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Autonomic modulation responds to ovarian hormones and estrogen increases nitric oxide bioavailability. Also, females have minor susceptibility to sepsis and a higher survival rate. However, few studies have evaluated the role of estrogen in cardiovascular, autonomic, and oxidative parameters during initial endotoxemia and under inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibition in female rats. Methods: Female wistar rats were subjected to ovariectomy and divided into three groups: OVX (ovariectomized), OVX+E (OVX plus daily estradiol) and SHAM (false surgery). After 8 weeks, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in non-anesthetized catheterized rats, before and after intravenous LPS injection, preceded by S-methylisothiourea sulfate (SMT) injection, or sterile saline. Cardiovascular recordings underwent spectral analysis for evaluation of autonomic modulation. Two hours after LPS, plasma was collected to assess total radical-trapping antioxidant (TRAP), nitrite levels (NO2), lipoperoxidation (LOOH), and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity. Results: Two hours after LPS, females treated with SMT presented a decrease of MAP, when compared to saline-LPS groups. At this same time, all SMT+LPS groups presented an increase of sympathetic and a decrease of parasympathetic modulation of HR. Two hours after saline+LPS, OVX presented decreased total radical-trapping antioxidant (TRAP) compared to SHAM. When treated with SMT+LPS, OVX did not altered TRAP, while estradiol reduced LOOH levels. Conclusion: iNOS would be responsible for sympathetic inhibition and consumption of antioxidant reserves of females during endotoxemia, since iNOS is inhibited, treatment with estradiol could be protective in inflammatory challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blenda H de Campos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Lorena de Jager
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Eric D T Amorim
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Nágela G Zanluqui
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Carine C de Farias
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, University Hospital, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Luciana Higachi
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, University Hospital, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Phileno Pinge-Filho
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Décio S Barbosa
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, University Hospital, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marli C Martins-Pinge
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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30
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Mascarin RB, De Andrade VL, Barbieri RA, Loures JP, Kalva-Filho CA, Papoti M. Dynamics of Recovery of Physiological Parameters After a Small-Sided Game in Women Soccer Players. Front Physiol 2018; 9:887. [PMID: 30050459 PMCID: PMC6050376 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Training methods based on small-sided game (SSG) seem to promote physiological and tactical benefits for soccer players as they present characteristics more specific to the game. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to analyze the hormonal, biochemical, and autonomic parameters in an acute manner and the recovery dynamics (up to 72 h after) in a SSG. Methods: Thirteen professional female soccer players participated in the study (18.8 ± 0.8 years, body mass 59.4 ± 6.2 kg, and height 1.68 ± 0.05 m). During and after the SSG session (4 min × 4 min separated by 3 min of passive interval and 120 m2 coverage per player), autonomic modulation was analyzed in the time and frequency domains using heart rate variability, and blood samples (5 ml) were collected before (0 h) and after (10 min and 24, 48, 72 h) the SSG for biochemical and hormonal analysis. Results: The SSG induced an increase effect for LF (low frequency) (92,52%; Very likely increase) and a decrease effect for HF (high frequency) values (-65,72%; Very likely decrease), after 10 min of recovery. The LF/HF increase after 10 min of recovery (386,21%; Very likely increase). The RMSSD (square root of the mean squared differences of the successive N-N intervals) and pNN50 (measure of the number of adjacent NN intervals which differ by more than 50 ms) values presented a decrease effect 10 min after SSG (61,38%; Very likely decrease and-90%; Very likely decrease). The CK (creatine kinase) values presented no changes 10 min after SSG. The LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) values presented an increase effect 10 min after the SSG (19,22%; Likely increase). Both testosterone and cortisol concentrations presented the same behavior after SSG, where no alterations were observed with after 10 min (<0,37%; Most likely trivial). Conclusion: The SSG promoted significant cardiovascular stress that was restored within the first 24 h of recovery. Parasympathetic parameters continued to increase while sympathetic parameters declined significantly during the 72 h of recovery. In addition, the reduced game did not alter biochemical or hormonal responses during the 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela B Mascarin
- Post Graduate in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Physiotherapy Department, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vitor L De Andrade
- Post Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Bioscience Institute, Physical Education Department, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Barbieri
- Post Graduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João P Loures
- Post Graduate in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Physiotherapy Department, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Kalva-Filho
- Post Graduate in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Physiotherapy Department, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- Post Graduate in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Physiotherapy Department, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Bioscience Institute, Physical Education Department, São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rio Claro, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Xu WX, Yu JL, Feng Y, Yan QX, Li XY, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang D, Sun X, Li KX, Wang LQ, Qiao GF, Li BY. Spontaneous activities in baroreflex afferent pathway contribute dominant role in parasympathetic neurocontrol of blood pressure regulation. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1219-1230. [PMID: 30044043 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the dominant role of parasympathetic inputs at cellular level of baroreflex afferent pathway and underlying mechanism in neurocontrol of blood pressure regulation. METHODS Whole-cell patch-clamp and animal study were conducted. RESULTS For the first time, we demonstrated the spontaneous activities from resting membrane potential in myelinated A- and Ah-type baroreceptor neurons (BRNs, the 1st-order), but not in unmyelinated C-types, using vagus-nodose slice of adult female rats. These data were further supported by the notion that the spontaneous synaptic currents could only be seen in the pharmacologically and electrophysiologically defined myelinated A- and Ah-type baroreceptive neurons (the 2nd-order) of NTS using brainstem slice of adult female rats. The greater frequency and the larger amplitude of the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) compared with the inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) were only observed in Ah-types. The ratio of EPSCs:IPSCs was estimated at 3:1 and higher. These results confirmed that the afferent-specific spontaneous activities were generated from baroreflex afferent pathway in female-specific subpopulation of myelinated Ah-type BRNs in nodose and baroreceptive neurons in NTS, which provided a novel insight into the dominant role of sex-specific baroreflex-evoked parasympathetic drives in retaining a stable and lower blood pressure status in healthy subjects, particularly in females. CONCLUSION The data from current investigations establish a new concept for the role of Ah-type baroreceptor/baroreceptive neurons in controlling blood pressure stability and provide a new pathway for pharmacological intervention for hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiao Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jin-Ling Yu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiu-Xin Yan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ke-Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lu-Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis School of Engineering and Technology, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Guo-Fen Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Williams AM, Shave RE, Coulson JM, White H, Rosser-Stanford B, Eves ND. Influence of vagal control on sex-related differences in left ventricular mechanics and hemodynamics. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H687-H698. [PMID: 29856652 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00733.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) twist mechanics differ between men and women during acute physiological stress, which may be partly mediated by sex differences in autonomic control. While men appear to have greater adrenergic control of LV twist, the potential contribution of vagal modulation to sex differences in LV twist remains unknown. Therefore, the present study examined the role of vagal control on sex differences in LV twist during graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) and supine cycling. On two separate visits, LV mechanics were assessed using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in 18 men (22 ± 2 yr) and 17 women (21 ± 4 yr) during -40- and -60-mmHg LBNP and 25% and 50% of peak supine cycling workload with and without glycopyrrolate (vagal blockade). LV twist was not different at baseline but was greater in women during -60 mmHg in both control (women: 16.0 ± 3.4° and men: 12.9 ± 2.3°, P = 0.004) and glycopyrrolate trials (women: 17.7 ± 5.9° and men: 13.9 ± 3.3°, P < 0.001) due to greater apical rotation during control (women: 11.9 ± 3.6° and men: 7.8 ± 1.5°, P < 0.001) and glycopyrrolate (women: 11.6 ± 4.9° and men: 7.1 ± 3.6°, P = 0.009). These sex differences in LV twist consistently coincided with a greater LV sphericity index (i.e., ellipsoid geometry) in women compared with men. In contrast, LV twist did not differ between the sexes during exercise with or without glycopyrrolate. In conclusion, women have augmented LV twist compared with men during large reductions to preload, even during vagal blockade. As such, differences in vagal control do not appear to contribute to sex differences in the LV twist responses to physiological stress, but they may be related to differences in ventricular geometry. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to specifically examine the role of vagal autonomic control on sex-related differences in left ventricular (LV) mechanics. Contrary to our hypothesis, vagal control does not appear to primarily determine sex differences in LV mechanical or hemodynamic responses to acute physiological stress. Instead, differences in LV geometry may be a more important contributor to sex differences in LV mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Williams
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia , Kelowna, British Columbia , Canada
| | - Rob E Shave
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University , Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - James M Coulson
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - Harriet White
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - Bryn Rosser-Stanford
- Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University , Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - Neil D Eves
- Centre for Heart, Lung, and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia , Kelowna, British Columbia , Canada
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Cardiovascular risk and the effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition in female rats: The role of estrogen. Exp Gerontol 2017; 97:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Aerobic fitness influences rest and heart rate recovery on young men regardless of body mass index. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-017-0359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Reulecke S, Charleston-Villalobos S, Voss A, González-Camarena R, González-Hermosillo J, Gaitán-González M, Hernández-Pacheco G, Schroeder R, Aljama-Corrales T. Dynamics of the cardiovascular autonomic regulation during orthostatic challenge is more relaxed in women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 63:139-150. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2016-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Linear dynamic analysis of cardiovascular and respiratory time series was performed in healthy subjects with respect to gender by shifted short-term segments throughout a head-up tilt (HUT) test. Beat-to-beat intervals (BBI), systolic (SYS) and diastolic (DIA) blood pressure and respiratory interval (RESP) time series were acquired in 14 men and 15 women. In time domain (TD), the descending slope of the auto-correlation function (ACF) (BBI_a31cor) was more pronounced in women than in men (p<0.05) during the HUT test and considerably steeper (p<0.01) at the end of orthostatic phase (OP). The index SYS_meanNN was slightly but significantly lower (p<0.05) in women during the complete test, while higher respiratory frequency and variability (RESP_sdNN) were found in women (p<0.05), during 10–20 min after tilt-up. In frequency domain (FD), during baseline (BL), BBI-normalized low frequency (BBI_LFN) and BBI_LF/HF were slightly but significantly lower (p<0.05), while normalized high frequency (BBI_HFN) was significantly higher in women. These differences were highly significant from the first 5 min after tilt-up (p<0.01) and highly significant (p<0.001) during 10–14 min of OP. Findings revealed that men showed instantaneously a pronounced and sustained increase in sympathetic activity to compensate orthostatism. In women, sympathetic activity was just increased slightly with delayed onset without considerably affecting sympatho-vagal balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Reulecke
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana , Electrical Engineering Department , 09340 Mexico City , Mexico
| | | | - Andreas Voss
- Institute of Innovative Health Technologies, Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Rico Schroeder
- Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena , Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Tomás Aljama-Corrales
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana , Electrical Engineering Department , 09340 Mexico City , Mexico
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Oliveira-Silva I, Leicht AS, Moraes MR, Simões HG, Del Rosso S, Córdova C, Boullosa DA. Heart Rate and Cardiovascular Responses to Commercial Flights: Relationships with Physical Fitness. Front Physiol 2016; 7:648. [PMID: 28082914 PMCID: PMC5186762 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of physical fitness on cardiac autonomic control in passengers prior to, during and following commercial flights. Twenty-two, physically active men (36.4 ± 6.4 years) undertook assessments of physical fitness followed by recordings of 24-h heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure (BP) on a Control (no flight) and Experimental (flight) day. Recordings were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures with relationships between variables examined via Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients. Compared to the Control day, 24-h HR was significantly greater (>7%) and HRV measures (5–39%) significantly lower on the Experimental day. During the 1-h flight, HR (24%), and BP (6%) were increased while measures of HRV (26–45%) were reduced. Absolute values of HRV during the Experimental day and relative changes in HRV measures (Control-Experimental) were significantly correlated with measures of aerobic fitness (r = 0.43 to 0.51; −0.53 to −0.52) and body composition (r = −0.63 to −0.43; 0.48–0.61). The current results demonstrated that short-term commercial flying significantly altered cardiovascular function including the reduction of parasympathetic modulations. Further, greater physical fitness and lower body fat composition were associated with greater cardiac autonomic control for passengers during flights. Enhanced physical fitness and leaner body composition may enable passengers to cope better with the cardiovascular stress and high allostatic load associated with air travel for enhanced passenger well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iransé Oliveira-Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of BrasiliaÁguas Claras, Brazil; Physical Education, UniEVANGÉLICA - Centro UniversitárioAnápolis, Brazil
| | - Anthony S Leicht
- Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Milton R Moraes
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia Águas Claras, Brazil
| | - Herbert G Simões
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia Águas Claras, Brazil
| | - Sebastián Del Rosso
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia Águas Claras, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Córdova
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia Águas Claras, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Boullosa
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of BrasiliaÁguas Claras, Brazil; Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook UniversityTownsville, QLD, Australia
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Chen YS, Liao CJ, Lu WA, Kuo CD. Sympathetic enhancement in futsal players but not in football players after repeated sprint ability test. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2016; 1:e000049. [PMID: 27900135 PMCID: PMC5117020 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV) can disclose the specific adaptation of sympathovagal modulation to exercise. This study investigated the change in HRV measures after anaerobic and aerobic intermittent exercises in university football and futsal players. METHOD 36 male university students with physically active lifestyle (n=14), football (n=12), and futsal (n=10) participated in this study. The participants completed the repeated sprint ability (RSA) test and Yo-Yo (YY) intermittent recovery test level 1 in randomised order. ECG signals of the participants were recorded in supine position 15 min before and 30 min after exercises. Before exercise, and 5 and 30 min after exercise, the blood pressures were also taken. RESULTS In the RSA protocol, the percentage changes in normalised high-frequency power (nHFP) were significantly decreased, while the percentage changes in the very low/high frequency power ratio (VLHR) and low/high frequency power ratio (LHR) were significantly increased in futsal players after exercise, as compared with the controls. No significant changes in all HRV indices were found in the YY protocol, except the respiratory frequency. CONCLUSIONS After exercise, the percent decrease in vagal modulation in futsal players was significantly reduced, while the percentage increase in sympathetic modulation in futsal players was significantly enhanced in the RSA test, but not in the YY test, as compared with the control group. The increase in sympathetic activity and the decrease in vagal activity in the futsal players were greater than the corresponding increase and decrease in the football players in the RSA test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Liao
- Department of Mathematics , Tamkang University , New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wan-An Lu
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Life and Culture Study, Fo-Guang University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Deng Kuo
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Respiratory Therapy, Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Campos MFD, Vieira S, Ambrozin ARP, Catai AM, Quitério RJ. MODULAÇÃO AUTONÔMICA DA FREQUÊNCIA CARDÍACA E CAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL AERÓBICA EM HEMIPARÉTICOS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220162206151237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Introdução: Tem sido observado que indivíduos acometidos por acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) apresentam, além dos danos físicos, diminuição da capacidade aeróbica e alteração da modulação autonômica da frequência cardíaca, sendo estes importantes fatores para o aparecimento de doenças cardíacas e arritmias. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos crônicos do AVE sobre a capacidade aeróbica (VO2pico) e os índices de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC), e se existe correlação entre essas duas variáveis. Métodos: Foram avaliados 11 indivíduos do sexo masculino, com idade entre 55 e 65 anos, acometidos por lesão cerebrovascular há pelo menos seis meses, e todos com hemiparesia. Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: teste de capacidade aeróbica máxima; registro dos intervalos R-R e cálculo dos índices da VFC (RMSSD, pNN50, AF, BF e a razão BF/AF). Para comparação entre VO2pico previsto e obtido utilizou-se o teste t de Student não pareado. Para testar a hipótese de correlação entre os índices de VFC e o VO2pico utilizou-se o teste de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: VO2pico (mL.kg-1.min-1) previsto e obtido, respectivamente = 32,15 ± 1,87 e 16,12 ± 5,51; índices da VFC: RMSSD (ms) = 28,69 ± 26,78; pNN50 (%) = 8,76 ± 12,62; AF (u.n.) = 51,96 ± 22,4; BF (u.n.) = 48,04 ± 22,49. O VO2pico correlacionou-se negativamente com os índices RMSSD, pNN50 e AF e positivamente com o índice BF (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Na fase crônica do AVE, variabilidade da frequência cardíaca encontra-se normal e os indivíduos com menor capacidade aeróbica apresentam maior modulação parassimpática e menor simpática, provavelmente em consequência da maior exigência física nas atividades de vida diária.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robison José Quitério
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil
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RIBEIRO VICTORB, KOGURE GISLAINES, REIS ROSANAM, GASTALDI ADAC, DE ARAÚJO JOÃOE, MAZON JOSÉH, BORGHI AUDREY, SOUZA HUGOC. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Presents Higher Sympathetic Cardiac Autonomic Modulation that is not altered by Strength Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2016; 9:554-566. [PMID: 27990221 PMCID: PMC5154718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may present important comorbidities, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, which are often preceded by changes in cardiac autonomic modulation. Different types of physical exercises are frequently indicated for the prevention and treatment of PCOS. However, little is known about the effects of strength training on the metabolic, hormonal, and cardiac autonomic parameters. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effects of strength training on the autonomic modulation of heart rate variability (HRV) and its relation to endocrine-metabolic parameters in women with PCOS. Fifty-three women were divided into two groups: CONTROL (n=26) and PCOS (n=27). The strength training lasted 4 months, which was divided into mesocycles of 4 weeks each. The training load started with 70% of one repetition maximum (1RM). Blood samples were collected before and after intervention for analysis of fasting insulin and glucose, HOMA-IR, testosterone, androstenedione and testosterone/androstenedione (T/A) ratio. Spectral analysis of HRV was performed to assess cardiac autonomic modulation indexes. The PCOS group presented higher insulin and testosterone levels, T/A ratio, along with increased sympathetic cardiac autonomic modulation before intervention. The training protocol used did not cause any change of endocrine-metabolic parameters in the CONTROL group. Interestingly, in the PCOS group, reduced testosterone levels and T/A ratio. Additionally, strength training did not have an effect on the spectral parameter values of HRV obtained in both groups. Strength training was not able to alter HRV autonomic modulation in women with PCOS, however may reduce testosterone levels and T/A ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- VICTOR B. RIBEIRO
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BRAZIL
| | - GISLAINE S. KOGURE
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BRAZIL
| | - ROSANA M. REIS
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BRAZIL
| | - ADA C. GASTALDI
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BRAZIL
| | - JOÃO E. DE ARAÚJO
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BRAZIL
| | - JOSÉ H. MAZON
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BRAZIL
| | - AUDREY BORGHI
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - HUGO C.D. SOUZA
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BRAZIL
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Impact of Diabetes Type 1 in Children on Autonomic Modulation at Rest and in Response to the Active Orthostatic Test. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164375. [PMID: 27788152 PMCID: PMC5082837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1), of which one of the first subclinical manifestations is changes in heart rate variability (HRV). Thus, analysis of HRV associated with the autonomic active orthostatic test is important in this population. Objectives To analyze the autonomic modulation responses induced by the implementation of the active orthostatic test, in children with DM1, and study the autonomic modulation by means of HRV indices. Method Data of 35 children were analyzed, of both sexes, aged between 7 and 15 years, who were divided into two groups: Diabetic (n = 16) and Control (n = 19). The following variables were collected initially: weight, height, body fat percentage, heart rate, blood pressure and casual blood glucose. Subsequently, for analysis of autonomic modulation, the beat-to-beat heart rate was captured by a heart rate monitor in the supine position for 30 minutes and after 10 minutes standing during performance of the active orthostatic test. HRV indices were calculated in the time and frequency domains. For data analysis, covariance analysis was used to compare groups and ANOVA for repeated measures to compare the effects of the active orthostatic test. These data were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, body fat percentage and casual blood glucose, with a 5% significance level. Results The results suggested that diabetic children at rest present a decrease in SDNN (50.4 vs. 75.2), rMSSD (38.7 vs 57.6) and LF [ms2] (693.6 vs 1874.6). During the active orthostatic test the children in both groups demonstrated a reduction in SDNN, RMSSD and LF [ms2] compared to the resting position, and this response was less pronounced in the diabetic group. Conclusion We conclude that regardless of age, sex, ethnicity, body fat percentage and casual blood glucose, performing the active orthostatic test promoted increased sympathetic modulation and reduced parasympathetic modulation in both groups, and this response was less pronounced in diabetic children, who presented reduced overall variability and parasympathetic modulation.
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Kangas P, Tahvanainen A, Tikkakoski A, Koskela J, Uitto M, Viik J, Kähönen M, Kööbi T, Mustonen J, Pörsti I. Increased Cardiac Workload in the Upright Posture in Men: Noninvasive Hemodynamics in Men Versus Women. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.115.002883. [PMID: 27329447 PMCID: PMC4937251 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Men and women differ in the risk of cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. We examined possible sex‐related differences in supine and upright cardiovascular regulation. Methods and Results Hemodynamics were recorded from 167 men and 167 women of matching age (≈45 years) and body mass index (≈26.5) during passive head‐up tilt. None had diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular disease other than hypertension or used antihypertensive medication. Whole‐body impedance cardiography, tonometric radial blood pressure, and heart rate variability were analyzed. Results were adjusted for height, smoking, alcohol intake, mean arterial pressure, plasma lipids, and glucose. Supine hemodynamic differences were minor: Men had lower heart rate (−4%) and higher stroke index (+7.5%) than women (P<0.05 for both). Upright systemic vascular resistance was lower (−10%), but stroke index (+15%), cardiac index (+16%), and left cardiac work were clearly higher (+20%) in men than in women (P<0.001 for all). Corresponding results were observed in a subgroup of men and postmenopausal women (n=76, aged >55 years). Heart rate variability analyses showed higher low:high frequency ratios in supine (P<0.001) and upright (P=0.003) positions in men. Conclusions The foremost difference in cardiovascular regulation between sexes was higher upright hemodynamic workload for the heart in men, a finding not explained by known cardiovascular risk factors or hormonal differences before menopause. Heart rate variability analyses indicated higher sympathovagal balance in men regardless of body position. The deviations in upright hemodynamics could play a role in the differences in cardiovascular risk between men and women. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01742702.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Tahvanainen
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Tikkakoski
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jenni Koskela
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marko Uitto
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Viik
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiit Kööbi
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Mustonen
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Pörsti
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Correlation between physical activity, aerobic fitness and body fat against autonomic function profile in children. Clin Auton Res 2016; 26:197-203. [PMID: 27052321 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-016-0355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate correlations between physical activity, VO2PEAK and body fat versus autonomic function in children. METHODS Children (n = 98) between 10 and 12 years underwent a maximal exercise test (VO2PEAK) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured body fat. General physical activity, moderate to vigorous physical activity and vigorous physical activity were assessed by accelerometers. Deep breath test with E/I-ratio calculation and a head-up tilt test were performed. The sum of z-scores represented an index score for autonomic function profile and included E/I-ratio plus difference in blood pressure and heart rate between supine and tilted position. Correlation analyses were performed between physical activity parameters, body fat and VO2PEAK versus autonomic function profile. RESULTS No significant correlations were found between autonomic function profile and physical activity or body fat (p > 0.05). VO2PEAK was correlated with autonomic function profile in boys (r = 0.30, p < 0.05), but not in girls (r = 0.04, NS). One girl and eight boys terminated head-up tilt test prematurely due to intolerance. Minutes of vigorous physical activity per day was lower in these boys compared with those (n = 48) who completed the head-up tilt test (5.1 ± 3.3 vs. 10.4 ± 6.6, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Physical activity or body fat was not associated with autonomic function profile. VO2PEAK correlated to autonomic function profile in boys.
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Sex differences in healthy human heart rate variability: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 64:288-310. [PMID: 26964804 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present meta-analysis aimed to quantify current evidence on sex differences in the autonomic control of the heart, indexed by measures of heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy human subjects. An extensive search of the literature yielded 2020 titles and abstracts, of which 172 provided sufficient reporting of sex difference in HRV. Data from 63,612 participants (31,970 females) were available for analysis. Meta-analysis yielded a total of 1154 effect size estimates (k) across 50 different measures of HRV in a cumulated total of 296,247 participants. Females showed a significantly lower mean RR interval and standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN). The power spectral density of HRV in females is characterized by significantly less total power that contains significantly greater high- (HF) and less low-frequency (LF) power. This is further reflected by a lower LF/HF ratio. Meta-regression revealed significant effects of age, respiration control and the length of recording available for analysis. Although women showed greater mean heart rate, they showed greater vagal activity indexed by HF power of HRV. Underlying mechanisms of these findings are discussed.
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Sex differences in the relationships between parasympathetic activity and pain modulation. Physiol Behav 2016; 154:40-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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45
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Estévez-Báez M, Machado C, Leisman G, Brown-Martínez M, Jas-García JD, Montes-Brown J, Machado-García A, Carricarte-Naranjo C. A procedure to correct the effect of heart rate on heart rate variability indices: description and assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ijdhd-2015-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Shi P, Hu S, Yu H. The response of the autonomic nervous system to passive lower limb movement and gender differences. Med Biol Eng Comput 2015; 54:1159-67. [PMID: 26319007 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-015-1378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the response of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to passive lower limb movement and to determine whether there are gender differences. The experimental sets included 5 cycles per minute (CPM5), 10 cycles per minute (CPM10) and 15 cycles per minute (CPM15) on the passive cycling machine. ANS activity was measured using heart rate variability time domain analysis (RR interval, pNN50, RMSSD and SDNN), frequency domain analysis (TF, LF, HF and LF/HF) and Poincaré plot analysis (SD1, SD2 and SD1/SD2 ratio). The collected signal at rest served as the baseline (rest). Compared with the parameters at rest, the male subjects had decreased pNN50, decreased SDNN, lower TP and LF power (ms(2)), suppressed LF (n.u.), augmented HF (n.u.), suppressed LF/HF, decreased SD2 and increased SD1/SD2 ratios in response to CPM5 or CPM10 (all P < 0.05). Compared with the parameters at rest, decreased LF/HF and increased SD1/SD2 in response to CPM5 or CPM10 (all P < 0.05) were the only changes in the female subjects. LF/HF and SD1/SD2 differed between both groups for the same level of passive lower limb movement (all P < 0.05). These results suggest that passive lower limb movement leads to an ANS response and that male subjects are more sensitive to passive lower limb movements. During passive leg movements, sympathetic nervous activity is largely suppressed, and vagal activity achieves dominance. The response of the ANS to passive leg movement is determined by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Shi
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Sijung Hu
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Hongliu Yu
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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Ariza D, Sisdeli L, Crestani CC, Fazan R, Martins-Pinge MC. Dysautonomias in Parkinson's disease: cardiovascular changes and autonomic modulation in conscious rats after infusion of bilateral 6-OHDA in substantia nigra. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 308:H250-7. [PMID: 25416189 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00406.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is important to elucidate the mechanism of dysautonomias in patients with Parkinson's disease; therefore, this study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular and autonomic changes that occur in an animal model of Parkinsonism. Adult male Wistar rats were anesthetized before bilateral microinfusions of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the substantia nigra. The sham group underwent the same surgical procedure but received vehicle. After 7 days, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured, and various drugs were injected into conscious rats through cannulas previously implanted in the femoral artery and vein. Spectral analyses of systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and pulse interval (PI) were conducted with the CardioSeries software as the spontaneous baroreflex gain and effectivity. The animals were subjected to α-, β-adrenergic, or muscarinic receptor antagonism. For confirmation of the lesion, the levels of dopamine in the striatum were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Animals that underwent 6-OHDA microinfusion had lower MAP and HR compared with those in the sham group. Spectral analysis of SAP showed that 6-OHDA animals exhibited a decrease in the sympathetic component. The PI values did not differ between groups. After the administration of muscarinic and β-adrenergic antagonists, the cardiovascular measures did not differ between the groups. However, upon administration of the α-adrenergic antagonist, the 6-OHDA animals exhibited a lower decrease in the MAP. We report cardiovascular impairments in 6-OHDA animals, possibly due to decreased sympathetic activity. Determination of the origin of these changes (central or peripheral) requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ariza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - L Sisdeli
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - C C Crestani
- Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; and
| | - R Fazan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - M C Martins-Pinge
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil;
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Bilateral hegu acupoints have the same effect on the heart rate variability of the healthy subjects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:106940. [PMID: 25057272 PMCID: PMC4099173 DOI: 10.1155/2014/106940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background. The specificity of acupuncture points (acupoints) is one of the key concepts in traditional acupuncture theory, but the question of whether there is adequate scientific evidence to prove or disprove specificity has been vigorously debated in recent years. Acupoint laterality is an important aspect of acupoint specificity. Data is particularly scarce regarding the laterality of the same channel, namesake acupoint located on opposite sides of the body. Our previous study results suggest that Neiguan acupoint (PC6) has the laterality. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Hegu (LI4) also has laterality from the perspective of heart rate variability. Methods. A total of twenty-eight healthy female volunteers were recruited for this study and were randomly separated into the group I (n = 14) and the group II (n = 14) according to the register order. In the group I, left LI4 was stimulated in the first epoch and the right LI4 was stimulated in the second epoch. In the group II, right LI4 was stimulated in the first epoch and left LI4 was stimulated in the second epoch. Electrocardiogram was recorded and heart rate variability was analyzed. Results. The results show that there were no significant differences of heart rate variablity between the group I and the group II in the time domain and in the frequency domain. Conclusions. Bilateral Hegu acupoints have the same effect on the heart rate variability of the healthy subjects.
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Pilot study of acupuncture point laterality: evidence from heart rate variability. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:476064. [PMID: 24371461 PMCID: PMC3863465 DOI: 10.1155/2013/476064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The specificity of acupuncture points (acupoints) is one of the key concepts in traditional acupuncture theory, but the question of whether there is adequate scientific evidence to prove or disprove specificity has been vigorously debated in recent years. Laterality, or the tendency for acupoints on the right or left side of the body to produce different physiological effects, is an important aspect of acupoint specificity. Data is particularly scarce regarding the laterality of the same channel, same-named acupoint located on opposite sides of the body. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Neiguan (PC6) has laterality. A total of eighteen healthy female volunteers were recruited for this study. Electrocardiograms were recorded and heart rate variability was analyzed before, during, and after PC6 was stimulated on either the left or the right side. The results show that during acupuncture, there were significant differences in the standard deviation of RR intervals (STDRR), root mean square of successive differences between RR intervals (RMSSD), and total power between the left PC6 stimulation group and the right PC6 stimulation group, which indicates that PC6 may have laterality.
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