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Tsuji-Tamura K, Sato M, Tamura M. Pharmacological control of angiogenesis by regulating phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111223. [PMID: 38729320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control of angiogenesis is widely considered a therapeutic strategy, but reliable control methods are still under development. Phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2 (MLC2), which regulates actin-myosin interaction, is critical to the behavior of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) during angiogenesis. MLC2 is phosphorylated by MLC kinase (MLCK) and dephosphorylated by MLC phosphatase (MLCP) containing a catalytic subunit PP1. We investigated the potential role of MLC2 in the pharmacological control of angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS We exposed transgenic zebrafish Tg(fli1a:Myr-mCherry)ncv1 embryos to chemical inhibitors and observed vascular development. PP1 inhibition by tautomycetin increased length of intersegmental vessels (ISVs), whereas MLCK inhibition by ML7 decreased it; these effects were not accompanied by structural dysplasia. ROCK inhibition by Y-27632 also decreased vessel length. An in vitro angiogenesis model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed that tautomycetin increased vascular cord formation, whereas ML7 and Y-27632 decreased it. These effects appear to be influenced by regulation of cell morphology rather than cell viability or motility. Actin co-localized with phosphorylated MLC2 (pMLC2) was abundant in vascular-like elongated-shaped ECs, but poor in non-elongated ECs. pMLC2 was associated with tightly arranged actin, but not with loosely arranged actin. Moreover, knockdown of MYL9 gene encoding MLC2 reduced total MLC2 and pMLC2 protein and inhibited angiogenesis in HUVECs. CONCLUSION The present study found that MLC2 is a pivotal regulator of angiogenesis. MLC2 phosphorylation may be involved in the regulation of of cell morphogenesis and cell elongation. The functionally opposite inhibitors positively or negatively control angiogenesis, probably through the regulating EC morphology. These findings may provide a unique therapeutic target for angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Tsuji-Tamura
- Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan.
| | - Mari Sato
- Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Masato Tamura
- Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
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Close DA, Johnston PA. WITHDRAWN: Detection and impact of hypoxic regions in multicellular tumor spheroid cultures formed by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells lines. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2023; 29:130. [PMID: 38101574 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David A Close
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Paul A Johnston
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.
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3
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Chen X, Yu Y, Zheng H, Yang M, Wang C, Cai Q, Zhang W, Jiang F, Zhu Y, Yang H, Zhang T, Zhou Z. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals dynamic changes of the preclinical A549 cancer models, and the mechanism of dacomitinib. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176046. [PMID: 37708985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro A549 cells, and A549 xenografts in nude mouse, were two commonly used models for anti-cancer drug discovery. However, the biological and molecular characteristics of these two classic models, and also the dynamic transcriptome changes after dacomitinib exposure remains elusive. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing to define the transcriptome profile at single-cell resolution, and processed tumor samples for bulk RNA and protein analysis to validate the differently expressed genes. Transcriptome profiling revealed that the in vitro A549 cells are heterogeneous. The minimal subpopulation of the in vitro A549 cells, which were characterized by the signature of response to unfolded protein, became the overriding subpopulation of the xenografts. The EGFR non-activating A549 cells were resistant to dacomitinib in vitro, while A549 xenografts were comparatively sensitive as EGFR-activating HCC827 xenografts. Dacomitinib inhibited MAPK signaling pathway, and increased the immune response in the A549 xenografts. A phagocytosis checkpoint stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) was significantly inhibited in dacomitinib-treated xenografts. So here our study gives the first insight of the heterogeneity of the two classic models, and the translational potential of dacomitinib being used into a broader patient population rather than EGFR common activating mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yangziwei Yu
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China; Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Haoyang Zheng
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Mengjing Yang
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Chuqiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Qianqian Cai
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Feixiang Jiang
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yanmei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang, 110042, China; Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China; Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Hedi Yang
- Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Tianbiao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Zhaoli Zhou
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China; Collaborative Research Center, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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Buffault J, Brignole-Baudouin F, Labbé A, Baudouin C. An Overview of Current Glaucomatous Trabecular Meshwork Models. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:1089-1099. [PMID: 37661784 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2253378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide an overview of the existing alternative models for studying trabecular meshwork (TM). METHODS Literature review. RESULTS The TM is a complex tissue that regulates aqueous humor outflow from the eye. Dysfunction of the TM is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of open-angle glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The TM is a porous structure composed of trabecular meshwork cells (TMC) within a multi-layered extracellular matrix (ECM). Although dysregulation of the outflow throughout the TM represents the first step in the disease process, the underlying mechanisms of TM degeneration associate cell loss and accumulation of ECM, but remain incompletely understood, and drugs targeting the TM are limited. Therefore, experimental models of glaucomatous trabeculopathy are necessary for preclinical screening, to advance research on this disease's pathophysiology, and to develop new therapeutic strategies targeting the TM. Traditional animal models have been used extensively, albeit with inherent limitations, including ethical concerns and limited translatability to humans. Consequently, there has been an increasing focus on developing alternative in vitro models to study the TM. Recent advancements in three-dimensional cell culture and tissue engineering are still in their early stages and do not yet fully reflect the complexity of the outflow pathway. However, they have shown promise in reducing reliance on animal experimentation in certain aspects of glaucoma research. CONCLUSION This review provides an overview of the existing alternative models for studying TM and their potential for advancing research on the pathophysiology of open-angle glaucoma and developing new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Buffault
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Labbé
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, IHU Foresight, Paris, France
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Gomila Pelegri N, Stanczak AM, Bottomley AL, Cummins ML, Milthorpe BK, Gorrie CA, Padula MP, Santos J. Neural Marker Expression in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Grown in PEG-Based 3D Matrix Is Enhanced in the Presence of B27 and CultureOne Supplements. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16269. [PMID: 38003460 PMCID: PMC10671562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have incredible potential as an avenue to better understand and treat neurological disorders. While they have been successfully differentiated into neural stem cells and neurons, most such protocols involve 2D environments, which are not representative of in vivo physiology. In this study, human ADSCs were cultured in 1.1 kPa polyethylene-glycol 3D hydrogels for 10 days with B27, CultureOne (C1), and N2 neural supplements to examine the neural differentiation potential of ADSCs using both chemical and mechanical cues. Following treatment, cell viability, proliferation, morphology, and proteome changes were assessed. Results showed that cell viability was maintained during treatments, and while cells continued to proliferate over time, proliferation slowed down. Morphological changes between 3D untreated cells and treated cells were not observed. However, they were observed among 2D treatments, which exhibited cellular elongation and co-alignment. Proteome analysis showed changes consistent with early neural differentiation for B27 and C1 but not N2. No significant changes were detected using immunocytochemistry, potentially indicating a greater differentiation period was required. In conclusion, treatment of 3D-cultured ADSCs in PEG-based hydrogels with B27 and C1 further enhances neural marker expression, however, this was not observed using supplementation with N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Gomila Pelegri
- Advanced Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.G.P.); (B.K.M.)
- Neural Injury Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Aleksandra M. Stanczak
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (A.M.S.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Amy L. Bottomley
- Microbial Imaging Facility, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Max L. Cummins
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
- The Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bruce K. Milthorpe
- Advanced Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.G.P.); (B.K.M.)
| | - Catherine A. Gorrie
- Neural Injury Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (A.M.S.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Jerran Santos
- Advanced Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.G.P.); (B.K.M.)
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6
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Liao C, Guan Y, Zheng J, Wang X, Wang M, Zhu Z, Peng Q, Wang HH, Li M. Development of synthetic modulator enabling long-term propagation and neurogenesis of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells. Biol Res 2023; 56:59. [PMID: 37951961 PMCID: PMC10638775 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are essential for in vitro drug screening and cell-based therapies for brain-related disorders, necessitating well-defined and reproducible culture systems. Current strategies employing protein growth factors pose challenges in terms of both reproducibility and cost. In this study, we developed a novel DNA-based modulator to regulate FGFR signaling in NPCs, thereby facilitating the long-term maintenance of stemness and promoting neurogenesis. This DNA-based FGFR-agonist effectively stimulated FGFR1 phosphorylation and activated the downstream ERK signaling pathway in human embryonic stem cell (HESC)-derived NPCs. We replaced the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the culture medium with our DNA-based FGFR-agonist to artificially modulate FGFR signaling in NPCs. Utilizing a combination of cell experiments and bioinformatics analyses, we showed that our FGFR-agonist could enhance NPC proliferation, direct migration, and promote neurosphere formation, thus mimicking the functions of bFGF. Notably, transcriptomic analysis indicated that the FGFR-agonist could specifically influence the transcriptional program associated with stemness while maintaining the neuronal differentiation program, closely resembling the effects of bFGF. Furthermore, our culture conditions allowed for the successful propagation of NPCs through over 50 passages while retaining their ability to efficiently differentiate into neurons. Collectively, our approach offers a highly effective method for expanding NPCs, thereby providing new avenues for disease-in-dish research and drug screening aimed at combating neural degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceheng Liao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, 27 Tianma Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Joint Institute of Tobacco and Health, 367 Hongjin Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650202, Yunnan, China
| | - Jihui Zheng
- College of Biology, Hunan University, 27 Tianma Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, 27 Tianma Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Meixia Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, 27 Tianma Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Zhouhai Zhu
- Joint Institute of Tobacco and Health, 367 Hongjin Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650202, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiyuan Peng
- Joint Institute of Tobacco and Health, 367 Hongjin Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650202, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, 27 Tianma Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China.
| | - Meng Li
- Joint Institute of Tobacco and Health, 367 Hongjin Road, Wuhua District, Kunming, 650202, Yunnan, China.
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7
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Abbas ZN, Al-Saffar AZ, Jasim SM, Sulaiman GM. Comparative analysis between 2D and 3D colorectal cancer culture models for insights into cellular morphological and transcriptomic variations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18380. [PMID: 37884554 PMCID: PMC10603139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug development is a time-consuming and expensive process, given the low success rate of clinical trials. Now, anticancer drug developments have shifted to three-dimensional (3D) models which are more likely to mimic tumor behavior compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures. A comparative study among different aspects was conducted between 2D and 3D cultures using colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, in addition, Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) block samples of patients with CRC were used for evaluation. Compared to the 2D culture, cells grown in 3D displayed significant (p < 0.01) differences in the pattern of cell proliferation over time, cell death phase profile, expression of tumorgenicity-related genes, and responsiveness to 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and doxorubicin. Epigenetically, 3D cultures and FFPE shared the same methylation pattern and microRNA expression, while 2D cells showed elevation in methylation rate and altered microRNA expression. Lastly, transcriptomic study depending on RNA sequencing and thorough bioinformatic analyses showed significant (p-adj < 0.05) dissimilarity in gene expression profile between 2D and 3D cultures involving thousands of genes (up/down-regulated) of multiple pathways for each cell line. Taken together, the study provides insights into variations in cellular morphologies between cells cultured in 2D and 3D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Nsaif Abbas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali Z Al-Saffar
- Department of Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Saba Mahdi Jasim
- Oncology Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ghassan M Sulaiman
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
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Gomila Pelegri N, Stanczak AM, Bottomley AL, Milthorpe BK, Gorrie CA, Padula MP, Santos J. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Spontaneously Express Neural Markers When Grown in a PEG-Based 3D Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12139. [PMID: 37569515 PMCID: PMC10418654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are among the leading causes of disability and death worldwide and remain difficult to treat. Tissue engineering offers avenues to test potential treatments; however, the development of biologically accurate models of brain tissues remains challenging. Given their neurogenic potential and availability, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are of interest for creating neural models. While progress has been made in differentiating ADSCs into neural cells, their differentiation in 3D environments, which are more representative of the in vivo physiological conditions of the nervous system, is crucial. This can be achieved by modulating the 3D matrix composition and stiffness. Human ADSCs were cultured for 14 days in a 1.1 kPa polyethylene glycol-based 3D hydrogel matrix to assess effects on cell morphology, cell viability, proteome changes and spontaneous neural differentiation. Results showed that cells continued to proliferate over the 14-day period and presented a different morphology to 2D cultures, with the cells elongating and aligning with one another. The proteome analysis revealed 439 proteins changed in abundance by >1.5 fold. Cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) markers were identified using immunocytochemistry and confirmed with proteomics. Findings indicate that ADSCs spontaneously increase neural marker expression when grown in an environment with similar mechanical properties to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Gomila Pelegri
- Advanced Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.G.P.); (B.K.M.)
- Neural Injury Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Aleksandra M. Stanczak
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (A.M.S.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Amy L. Bottomley
- Microbial Imaging Facility, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Bruce K. Milthorpe
- Advanced Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.G.P.); (B.K.M.)
| | - Catherine A. Gorrie
- Neural Injury Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Matthew P. Padula
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (A.M.S.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Jerran Santos
- Advanced Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; (N.G.P.); (B.K.M.)
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9
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Moradi-Mehr S, Khademy M, Akbari-Birgani S, Kafian H, Lalenejad M, Abdollahpour D, Moghimi M. Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic strategies using a minimal model of luminal-A breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 666:107-114. [PMID: 37182285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cellular behavior is heavily influenced by cellular interactions, which are often lost in conventional cell culture methods. As a result, in vitro cellular behavior may not accurately reflect in vivo conditions. Three-dimensional (3D) culture, on the other hand, is better suited for studying cellular behavior as it allows for more comprehensive cell communication. In this study, we utilized 3D culture of the MCF-7 cell line to create a minimal model of luminal-A breast cancer and evaluated its histopathological and morphological features using various methods. To determine the optimal therapeutic strategies for eliminating cancer cells, we assessed the effectiveness of diverse therapeutic approaches, including targeting distinct phases of the cell cycle, endocrine therapy, and gene therapy in both 2D and 3D culture systems. Our findings indicate that cells derived from mammospheres respond differently to their parent cells in monolayer culture depending on the therapeutic strategy used. This variability in drug response may be due to the altered microenvironment created by heterogeneous cellular makeup and emerging cellular interactions in the 3D culture. Therefore, it is important to administer a therapeutic approach that can eradicate cells regardless of the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Moradi-Mehr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Mitra Khademy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Shiva Akbari-Birgani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran; Research Center for Basic Sciences and Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran.
| | - Hosein Kafian
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Meelad Lalenejad
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Daryoush Abdollahpour
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran; Optics Research Center, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Minoosh Moghimi
- Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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10
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Tosca EM, Ronchi D, Facciolo D, Magni P. Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement of Animal Experiments in Anticancer Drug Development: The Contribution of 3D In Vitro Cancer Models in the Drug Efficacy Assessment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041058. [PMID: 37189676 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cancer models have been proposed as a bridge between bidimensional (2D) cell cultures and in vivo animal models, the gold standards in the preclinical assessment of anticancer drug efficacy. 3D in vitro cancer models can be generated through a multitude of techniques, from both immortalized cancer cell lines and primary patient-derived tumor tissue. Among them, spheroids and organoids represent the most versatile and promising models, as they faithfully recapitulate the complexity and heterogeneity of human cancers. Although their recent applications include drug screening programs and personalized medicine, 3D in vitro cancer models have not yet been established as preclinical tools for studying anticancer drug efficacy and supporting preclinical-to-clinical translation, which remains mainly based on animal experimentation. In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art of 3D in vitro cancer models for the efficacy evaluation of anticancer agents, focusing on their potential contribution to replace, reduce and refine animal experimentations, highlighting their strength and weakness, and discussing possible perspectives to overcome current challenges.
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11
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Rapid generation of homogenous tumor spheroid microtissues in a scaffold-free platform for high-throughput screening of a novel combination nanomedicine. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282064. [PMID: 36800370 PMCID: PMC9937506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination nanomedicine is a potent strategy for cancer treatment. Exploiting different mechanisms of action, a novel triple drug delivery system of 5-fluorouracil, curcumin, and piperine co-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles (5FU-CUR-PIP-HSA-NPs) was developed via the self-assembly method for suppressing breast tumor. Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs were successfully encapsulated in the HSA NPs with a high drug loading efficiency (DLE) of 10%. Successful clinical translation of nanomedicines, however, is a challenging process requiring considerable preclinical in vitro and in vivo animal tests. The aim of this study was to develop a homemade preclinical 3D culture model in the standard 96-well plates in a cost and time-effective novel approach for the rapid generation of homogenous compact tumor spheroids for disease modeling, and anticancer therapeutic/nanomedicine screening. The knowledge of drug screening can be enhanced by employing such a model in a high-throughput manner. Accordingly, to validate the formulated drug delivery system and investigate the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity effect of the nanoformulation, 3D tumor spheroids were employed. The practicality of the nanomedicine system was substantiated in different tests. The in vitro uptake of the NPs into the tight 3D tumor spheroids was facilitated by the semi-spherical shape of the NPs with a proper size and surface charge. 5FU-CUR-PIP-HSA-NPs demonstrated high potency of migration inhibition as a part of successful anti-metastatic therapy as well. The remarkable differences in 2D and 3D cytotoxicities emphasize the importance of employing 3D tumor models as an intermediate step prior to in vivo animal experiments for drug/nanomedicine screening.
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12
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Development of 3D-Bioprinted Colitis-Mimicking Model to Assess Epithelial Barrier Function Using Albumin Nano-Encapsulated Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010041. [PMID: 36810372 PMCID: PMC9944493 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological barrier function is very difficult to replicate in vitro. This situation leads to poor prediction of candidate drugs in the drug development process due to the lack of preclinical modelling for intestinal function. By using 3D bioprinting, we generated a colitis-like condition model that can evaluate the barrier function of albumin nanoencapsulated anti-inflammatory drugs. Histological characterization demonstrated the manifestation of the disease in 3D-bioprinted Caco-2 and HT-29 constructs. A comparison of proliferation rates in 2D monolayer and 3D-bioprinted models was also carried out. This model is compatible with currently available preclinical assays and can be implemented as an effective tool for efficacy and toxicity prediction in drug development.
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Magrath JW, Kang HJ, Hartono A, Espinosa-Cotton M, Somwar R, Ladanyi M, Cheung NKV, Lee SB. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor cancer stem cell-like cells resist chemotherapy but remain dependent on the EWSR1-WT1 oncoprotein. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1048709. [PMID: 36506091 PMCID: PMC9732033 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1048709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (DSRCT) is a rare and aggressive pediatric cancer driven by the EWSR1-WT1 fusion oncogene. Combinations of chemotherapy, radiation and surgery are not curative, and the 5-years survival rate is less than 25%. One potential explanation for refractoriness is the existence of a cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation able escape current treatment modalities. However, no study to-date has examined the role of CSCs in DSRCT or established in vitro culture conditions to model this subpopulation. In this study, we investigated the role of stemness markers in DSRCT survival and metastasis, finding that elevated levels of SOX2 and NANOG are associated with worse survival in sarcoma patients and are elevated in metastatic DSRCT tumors. We further develop the first in vitro DSRCT CSC model which forms tumorspheres, expresses increased levels of stemness markers (SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, and OCT4), and resists doxorubicin chemotherapy treatment. This model is an important addition to the DSRCT tool kit and will enable investigation of this critical DSRCT subpopulation. Despite lower sensitivity to chemotherapy, the DSRCT CSC model remained sensitive to knockdown of the EWSR1-WT1 fusion protein, suggesting that future therapies directed against this oncogenic driver have the potential to treat both DSRCT bulk tumor and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W. Magrath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hong-Jun Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Alifiani Hartono
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Madelyn Espinosa-Cotton
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Romel Somwar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nai-Kong V. Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sean B. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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14
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Divya G, Madhura R, Khetan V, Rishi P, Narayanan J. Understanding the mechano and chemo response of retinoblastoma tumor cells. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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15
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Bhatt R, Ravi D, Evens AM, Parekkadan B. Scaffold-mediated switching of lymphoma metabolism in culture. Cancer Metab 2022; 10:15. [PMID: 36224623 PMCID: PMC9559005 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-022-00291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and accounts for about a third of all NHL cases. A significant proportion (~40%) of treated DLBCL patients develop refractory or relapsed disease due to drug resistance which can be attributed to metabolomic and genetic variations amongst diverse DLBCL subtypes. An assay platform that reproduces metabolic patterns of DLBCL in vivo could serve as a useful model for DLBCL. Methods This report investigated metabolic functions in 2D and 3D cell cultures using parental and drug-resistant DLBCL cell lines as compared to patient biopsy tissue. Results A 3D culture model controlled the proliferation of parental and drug-resistant DLBCL cell lines, SUDHL-10, SUDHL-10 RR (rituximab resistant), and SUDHL-10 OR (obinutuzumab resistant), as well as retained differential sensitivity to CHOP. The results from metabolic profiling and isotope tracer studies with d-glucose-13C6 indicated metabolic switching in 3D culture when compared with a 2D environment. Analysis of DLBCL patient tumor tissue revealed that the metabolic changes in 3D grown cells were shifted towards that of clinical specimens. Conclusion 3D culture restrained DLBCL cell line growth and modulated metabolic pathways that trend towards the biological characteristics of patient tumors. Counter-intuitively, this research thereby contends that 3D matrices can be a tool to control tumor function towards a slower growing and metabolically dormant state that better reflects in vivo tumor physiology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-022-00291-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Bhatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Dashnamoorthy Ravi
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew M Evens
- Division of Blood Disorders, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Biju Parekkadan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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16
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Physiological Mineralization during In Vitro Osteogenesis in a Biomimetic Spheroid Culture Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172702. [PMID: 36078105 PMCID: PMC9454617 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone health-targeting drug development strategies still largely rely on inferior 2D in vitro screenings. We aimed at developing a scaffold-free progenitor cell-based 3D biomineralization model for more physiological high-throughput screenings. MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were cultured in α-MEM with 10% FCS, at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for up to 28 days, in non-adherent V-shaped plates to form uniformly sized 3D spheroids. Osteogenic differentiation was induced by 10 mM β-glycerophosphate and 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid. Mineralization stages were assessed through studying expression of marker genes, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition by histochemistry. Mineralization quality was evaluated by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analyses and quantified by micro-CT analyses. Expression profiles of selected early- and late-stage osteoblast differentiation markers indicated a well-developed 3D biomineralization process with strongly upregulated Col1a1, Bglap and Alpl mRNA levels and type I collagen- and osteocalcin-positive immunohistochemistry (IHC). A dynamic biomineralization process with increasing mineral densities was observed during the second half of the culture period. SEM–Energy-Dispersive X-ray analyses (EDX) and FTIR ultimately confirmed a native bone-like hydroxyapatite mineral deposition ex vivo. We thus established a robust and versatile biomimetic, and high-throughput compatible, cost-efficient spheroid culture model with a native bone-like mineralization for improved pharmacological ex vivo screenings.
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17
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Aljadi Z, Aval NA, Kumar T, Qin T, Ramachandraiah H, Pettersson T, Russom A. Layer-by-Layer Cellulose Nanofibrils: A New Coating Strategy for Development and Characterization of Tumor Spheroids as a Model for In-Vitro Anti-Cancer Drug Screening. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200137. [PMID: 35899862 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional multicellular spheroids (MCSs) are complex structure of cellular aggregates and cell-to-matrix interaction that emulates the in-vivo microenvironment. This research field has progressively grown to develop and improve spheroid generation techniques. Here, we present a new platform for spheroid generation using Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technology. Layer-by-Layer (LbL) containing cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) assemble on a standard 96 well plate. Various LbL assembly parameters, multiple cell seeding concentration, and two tumor cell lines (HEK 293 T, HCT 116) are utilized to generate and characterize spheroids. The number and the proliferation of generated spheroids in correlation to the number of LbL-CNF bi-layers, the viability, and the response to the anti-cancer drug are examined. The spheroids are formed and proliferated on the LbL-CNF coated wells with no significant difference in connection to the number of LbL-CNF bi-layers; however, the number of formed spheroids correlates positively with the cell seeding concentration (122 ± 17) for HCT 116 and (42 ± 8) for HEK 293T cell lines at 700 cells ml-1 . The generated spheroids proliferate progressively up to (309, 663) μm of HCT 116 and HEK 293T cell lines on the 5 bi-layers coated wells respectively overtime with maintaining viability. The (HCT 116) spheroids react to the anti-cancer drug. We demonstrate a new platform (LbL-CNF) coating strategy for spheroids generation, with high performance and efficiency to test anti-cancer drugs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenib Aljadi
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health CBH, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Negar Abbasi Aval
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tharagan Kumar
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health CBH, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taoyu Qin
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health CBH, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harisha Ramachandraiah
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health CBH, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Pettersson
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aman Russom
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health CBH, Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Butelmann T, Gu Y, Li A, Tribukait-Riemenschneider F, Hoffmann J, Molazem A, Jaeger E, Pellegrini D, Forget A, Shastri VP. 3D Printed Solutions for Spheroid Engineering and Cancer Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158188. [PMID: 35897762 PMCID: PMC9331260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, cells are organized in a 3-dimensional framework and this is essential for organogenesis and tissue morphogenesis. Systems to recapitulate 3D cell growth are therefore vital for understanding development and cancer biology. Cells organized in 3D environments can evolve certain phenotypic traits valuable to physiologically relevant models that cannot be accessed in 2D culture. Cellular spheroids constitute an important aspect of in vitro tumor biology and they are usually prepared using the hanging drop method. Here a 3D printed approach is demonstrated to fabricate bespoke hanging drop devices for the culture of tumor cells. The design attributes of the hanging drop device take into account the need for high-throughput, high efficacy in spheroid formation, and automation. Specifically, in this study, custom-fit, modularized hanging drop devices comprising of inserts (Q-serts) were designed and fabricated using fused filament deposition (FFD). The utility of the Q-serts in the engineering of unicellular and multicellular spheroids-synthetic tumor microenvironment mimics (STEMs)—was established using human (cancer) cells. The culture of spheroids was automated using a pipetting robot and bioprinted using a custom bioink based on carboxylated agarose to simulate a tumor microenvironment (TME). The spheroids were characterized using light microscopy and histology. They showed good morphological and structural integrity and had high viability throughout the entire workflow. The systems and workflow presented here represent a user-focused 3D printing-driven spheroid culture platform which can be reliably reproduced in any research environment and scaled to- and on-demand. The standardization of spheroid preparation, handling, and culture should eliminate user-dependent variables, and have a positive impact on translational research to enable direct comparison of scientific findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Butelmann
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.B.); (Y.G.); (A.L.); (F.T.-R.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (E.J.); (D.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Yawei Gu
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.B.); (Y.G.); (A.L.); (F.T.-R.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (E.J.); (D.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Aijun Li
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.B.); (Y.G.); (A.L.); (F.T.-R.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (E.J.); (D.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Fabian Tribukait-Riemenschneider
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.B.); (Y.G.); (A.L.); (F.T.-R.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (E.J.); (D.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Julius Hoffmann
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.B.); (Y.G.); (A.L.); (F.T.-R.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (E.J.); (D.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Amin Molazem
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.B.); (Y.G.); (A.L.); (F.T.-R.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (E.J.); (D.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Ellen Jaeger
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.B.); (Y.G.); (A.L.); (F.T.-R.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (E.J.); (D.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Diana Pellegrini
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.B.); (Y.G.); (A.L.); (F.T.-R.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (E.J.); (D.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Aurelien Forget
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.B.); (Y.G.); (A.L.); (F.T.-R.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (E.J.); (D.P.); (A.F.)
| | - V. Prasad Shastri
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.B.); (Y.G.); (A.L.); (F.T.-R.); (J.H.); (A.M.); (E.J.); (D.P.); (A.F.)
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: or
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Hafeez S, Passanha FR, Feliciano AJ, Ruiter FAA, Malheiro A, Lafleur RPM, Matsumoto NM, van Blitterswijk C, Moroni L, Wieringa P, LaPointe VLS, Baker MB. Modular mixing of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide supramolecular hydrogelators allows tunable biomimetic hydrogels for control of cell aggregation in 3D. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4740-4755. [PMID: 35861034 PMCID: PMC9400794 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00312k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Few synthetic hydrogels can mimic both the viscoelasticity and supramolecular fibrous structure found in the naturally occurring extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore, the ability to control the viscoelasticity of fibrous supramolecular hydrogel networks to influence cell culture remains a challenge. Here, we show that modular mixing of supramolecular architectures with slow and fast exchange dynamics can provide a suitable environment for multiple cell types and influence cellular aggregation. We employed modular mixing of two synthetic benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) architectures: a small molecule water-soluble BTA with slow exchange dynamics and a telechelic polymeric BTA-PEG-BTA with fast exchange dynamics. Copolymerisation of these two supramolecular architectures was observed, and all tested formulations formed stable hydrogels in water and cell culture media. We found that rational tuning of mechanical and viscoelastic properties is possible by mixing BTA with BTA-PEG-BTA. These hydrogels showed high viability for both chondrocyte (ATDC5) and human dermal fibroblast (HDF) encapsulation (>80%) and supported neuronal outgrowth (PC12 and dorsal root ganglion, DRG). Furthermore, ATDC5s and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were able to form spheroids within these viscoelastic hydrogels, with control over cell aggregation modulated by the dynamic properties of the material. Overall, this study shows that modular mixing of supramolecular architectures enables tunable fibrous hydrogels, creating a biomimetic environment for cell encapsulation. These materials are suitable for the formation and culture of spheroids in 3D, critical for upscaling tissue engineering approaches towards cell densities relevant for physiological tissues. Dynamic hydrogels can allow cells to form complex multicellular aggregates. Herein, we show that the dynamics of the hydrogel environment can directly influence the speed and size of cellular aggregates formed by using a modularly tunable supramolecular hydrogel.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Hafeez
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Fiona R Passanha
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio J Feliciano
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Floor A A Ruiter
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Afonso Malheiro
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - René P M Lafleur
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas M Matsumoto
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul Wieringa
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew B Baker
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Lau TY, Kwan HY. Fucoxanthin Is a Potential Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060370. [PMID: 35736173 PMCID: PMC9229252 DOI: 10.3390/md20060370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Although there are first-line treatments for BC, drug resistances and adverse events have been reported. Given the incidence of BC keeps increasing, seeking novel therapeutics is urgently needed. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a dietary carotenoid commonly found in seaweeds and diatoms. Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that Fx and its deacetylated metabolite fucoxanthinol (Fxol) inhibit and prevent BC growth. The NF-κB signaling pathway is considered the major pathway contributing to the anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis and pro-apoptotic effects of Fx and Fxol. Other signaling molecules such as MAPK, MMP2/9, CYP and ROS are also involved in the anti-cancer effects by regulating the tumor microenvironment, cancer metastasis, carcinogen metabolism and oxidation. Besides, Fx also possesses anti-obesity effects by regulating UCP1 levels and lipid metabolism, which may help to reduce BC risk. More importantly, mounting evidence demonstrates that Fx overcomes drug resistance. This review aims to give an updated summary of the anti-cancer effects of Fx and summarize the underlying mechanisms of action, which will provide novel strategies for the development of Fx as an anti-cancer therapeutic agent.
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Pritchard JR, Lee MJ, Peyton SR. Materials-driven approaches to understand extrinsic drug resistance in cancer. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3465-3472. [PMID: 35445686 PMCID: PMC9380814 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00071g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer has a poor prognosis, because it is broadly disseminated and associated with both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. Critical unmet needs in effectively killing drug resistant cancer cells include overcoming the drug desensitization characteristics of some metastatic cancers/lesions, and tailoring therapeutic regimens to both the tumor microenvironment and the genetic profiles of the resident cancer cells. Bioengineers and materials scientists are developing technologies to determine how metastatic sites exclude therapies, and how extracellular factors (including cells, proteins, metabolites, extracellular matrix, and abiotic factors) at metastatic sites significantly affect drug pharmacodynamics. Two looming challenges are determining which feature, or combination of features, from the tumor microenvironment drive drug resistance, and what the relative impact is of extracellular signals vs. intrinsic cell genetics in determining drug response. Sophisticated systems biology tools that can de-convolve a crowded network of signals and responses, as well as controllable microenvironments capable of providing discrete and tunable extracellular cues can help us begin to interrogate the high dimensional interactions governing drug resistance in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Pritchard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, State College PA, USA
| | - Michael J Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shelly R Peyton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 240 Thatcher Way, Life Sciences Laboratory N531, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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22
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Niu H, Xiao J, Lou X, Guo L, Zhang Y, Yang R, Yang H, Wang S, Niu F. Three-Dimensional Silk Fibroin/Chitosan Based Microscaffold for Anticancer Drug Screening. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:800830. [PMID: 35350178 PMCID: PMC8957943 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.800830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional monolayer cell cultures often fail to accurately predict the anticancer activity of drug candidates, as they do not recapitulate the natural microenvironment. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems have been increasingly applied to cancer research and drug screening. Materials with good biocompatibility are crucial to create a 3D tumor microenvironment involved in such systems. In this study, natural silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS) were selected as the raw materials to fabricate 3D microscaffolds; Besides, sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) were used as cross-linking agents. The physicochemical properties of obtained scaffolds were characterized with kinds of testing methods, including emission scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, water absorption, and swelling ratio analysis. Cancer cell lines (LoVo and MDA-MB-231) were then seeded on scaffolds for biocompatibility examination and drug sensitivity tests. SEM results showed that EDC cross-linked scaffolds had smaller and more uniform pores with great interconnection than the TPP cross-linked scaffolds, and the EDC cross-linked scaffold exhibited a water absorption ratio around 1000% and a swelling ratio of about 72%. These spatial structures and physical properties could provide more adhesion sites and sufficient nutrients for cell growth. Moreover, both LoVo and MDA-MB-231 cells cultured on the EDC cross-linked scaffold exhibited good adhesion and spreading. CCK8 results showed that increased chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity was observed in 3D culture compared with 2D culture, particularly in the condition of low drug dose (<1 μM). The proposed SF/CS microscaffold can provide a promising in vitro platform for the efficacy prediction and sensitivity screening of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Niu
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiarui Xiao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Lou
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Runhuai Yang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shouli Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shouli Wang, ; Fuzhou Niu,
| | - Fuzhou Niu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shouli Wang, ; Fuzhou Niu,
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Marei I, Abu Samaan T, Al-Quradaghi MA, Farah AA, Mahmud SH, Ding H, Triggle CR. 3D Tissue-Engineered Vascular Drug Screening Platforms: Promise and Considerations. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:847554. [PMID: 35310996 PMCID: PMC8931492 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.847554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the efforts devoted to drug discovery and development, the number of new drug approvals have been decreasing. Specifically, cardiovascular developments have been showing amongst the lowest levels of approvals. In addition, concerns over the adverse effects of drugs to the cardiovascular system have been increasing and resulting in failure at the preclinical level as well as withdrawal of drugs post-marketing. Besides factors such as the increased cost of clinical trials and increases in the requirements and the complexity of the regulatory processes, there is also a gap between the currently existing pre-clinical screening methods and the clinical studies in humans. This gap is mainly caused by the lack of complexity in the currently used 2D cell culture-based screening systems, which do not accurately reflect human physiological conditions. Cell-based drug screening is widely accepted and extensively used and can provide an initial indication of the drugs' therapeutic efficacy and potential cytotoxicity. However, in vitro cell-based evaluation could in many instances provide contradictory findings to the in vivo testing in animal models and clinical trials. This drawback is related to the failure of these 2D cell culture systems to recapitulate the human physiological microenvironment in which the cells reside. In the body, cells reside within a complex physiological setting, where they interact with and respond to neighboring cells, extracellular matrix, mechanical stress, blood shear stress, and many other factors. These factors in sum affect the cellular response and the specific pathways that regulate variable vital functions such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Although pre-clinical in vivo animal models provide this level of complexity, cross species differences can also cause contradictory results from that seen when the drug enters clinical trials. Thus, there is a need to better mimic human physiological conditions in pre-clinical studies to improve the efficiency of drug screening. A novel approach is to develop 3D tissue engineered miniaturized constructs in vitro that are based on human cells. In this review, we discuss the factors that should be considered to produce a successful vascular construct that is derived from human cells and is both reliable and reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isra Marei
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Isra Marei
| | - Tala Abu Samaan
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Asmaa A. Farah
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hong Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chris R. Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Chris R. Triggle
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Özkan H, Öztürk DG, Korkmaz G. Transcriptional Factor Repertoire of Breast Cancer in 3D Cell Culture Models. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041023. [PMID: 35205770 PMCID: PMC8870600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Knowledge of the transcriptional regulation of breast cancer tumorigenesis is largely based on studies performed in two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture models, which lack tissue architecture and therefore fail to represent tumor heterogeneity. However, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models are better at mimicking in vivo tumor microenvironment, which is critical in regulating cellular behavior. Hence, 3D cell culture models hold great promise for translational breast cancer research. Abstract Intratumor heterogeneity of breast cancer is driven by extrinsic factors from the tumor microenvironment (TME) as well as tumor cell–intrinsic parameters including genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic traits. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a major structural component of the TME, impacts every stage of tumorigenesis by providing necessary biochemical and biomechanical cues that are major regulators of cell shape/architecture, stiffness, cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and migration. Moreover, ECM and tissue architecture have a profound impact on chromatin structure, thereby altering gene expression. Considering the significant contribution of ECM to cellular behavior, a large body of work underlined that traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures depriving cell–cell and cell–ECM interactions as well as spatial cellular distribution and organization of solid tumors fail to recapitulate in vivo properties of tumor cells residing in the complex TME. Thus, three-dimensional (3D) culture models are increasingly employed in cancer research, as these culture systems better mimic the physiological microenvironment and shape the cellular responses according to the microenvironmental cues that will regulate critical cell functions such as cell shape/architecture, survival, proliferation, differentiation, and drug response as well as gene expression. Therefore, 3D cell culture models that better resemble the patient transcriptome are critical in defining physiologically relevant transcriptional changes. This review will present the transcriptional factor (TF) repertoire of breast cancer in 3D culture models in the context of mammary tissue architecture, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, cell death mechanisms, cancer therapy resistance and differential drug response, and stemness and will discuss the impact of culture dimensionality on breast cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Özkan
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Deniz Gülfem Öztürk
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Correspondence: (D.G.Ö.); (G.K.)
| | - Gozde Korkmaz
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Research Centre for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Correspondence: (D.G.Ö.); (G.K.)
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25
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The Dual Effect of Rho-Kinase Inhibition on Trabecular Meshwork Cells Cytoskeleton and Extracellular Matrix in an In Vitro Model of Glaucoma. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11041001. [PMID: 35207274 PMCID: PMC8877133 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The trabecular meshwork (TM) is the main site of drainage of the aqueous humor, and its dysfunction leads to intraocular pressure elevation, which is one of the main risk factors of glaucoma. We aimed to compare the effects on cytoskeleton organization and extracellular matrix (ECM) of latanoprost (LT) and a Rho-kinase inhibitor (ROCKi) on a transforming growth factor beta2 (TGF-β2)-induced glaucoma-like model developed from primary culture of human TM cells (pHTMC). The TGF-β2 stimulated pHTMC were grown and incubated with LT or a ROCKi (Y-27632) for 24 h. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and fibronectin (FN), and phosphorylation of the myosin light chain (MLC-P) and Cofilin (Cofilin-P) were evaluated using immunofluorescence and Western blot. The architectural modifications were studied in a MatrigelTM 3D culture. TGF-β2 increased the expression of αSMA and FN in pHTMC and modified the cytoskeleton with cross-linked actin network formation. LT did not alter the expression of αSMA but decreased FN deposition. The ROCKi decreased TGF-β2-induced αSMA and FN expression, as well as MLC-P and Cofilin-P, and stimulated the cells to recover a basal cytoskeletal arrangement. In the preliminary 3D study, pHTMC organized in a mesh conformation showed the widening of the TM under the effect of Y-27632. By simultaneously modifying the organization of the cytoskeleton and the ECM, with fibronectin deposition and overexpression, TGF-β2 reproduced the trabecular degeneration described in glaucoma. The ROCKi was able to reverse the TGF-β2-induced cytoskeletal and ECM rearrangements. LT loosened the extracellular matrix but had no action on the stress fibers.
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26
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Three-dimensional models: a novel approach for lymphoma research. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:753-765. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03897-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Close DA, Johnston PA. Detection and impact of hypoxic regions in multicellular tumor spheroid cultures formed by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells lines. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2022; 27:39-54. [PMID: 35058175 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In solid tumors like head and neck cancer (HNC), chronic and acute hypoxia have serious adverse clinical consequences including poorer overall patient prognosis, enhanced metastasis, increased genomic instability, and resistance to radiation-, chemo-, or immuno-therapies. However, cells in the two-dimensional monolayer cultures typically used for cancer drug discovery experience 20%-21% O2 levels (normoxic) which are 4-fold higher than O2 levels in normal tissues and ≥10-fold higher than in the hypoxic regions of solid tumors. The oxygen electrodes, exogenous bio-reductive markers, and increased expression of endogenous hypoxia-regulated proteins like HIF-1α generally used to mark hypoxic regions in solid tumors are impractical in large sample numbers and longitudinal studies. We used a novel homogeneous live-cell permeant HypoxiTRAK™ (HPTK) molecular probe compatible with high content imaging detection, analysis, and throughput to identify and quantify hypoxia levels in live HNC multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) cultures over time. Accumulation of fluorescence HPTK metabolite in live normoxic HNC MCTS cultures correlated with hypoxia detection by both pimonidazole and HIF-1α staining. In HNC MCTSs, hypoxic cytotoxicity ratios for the hypoxia activated prodrugs (HAP) evofosfamide and tirapazamine were much smaller than have been reported for uniformly hypoxic 2D monolayers in gas chambers, and many viable cells remained after HAP exposure. Cells in solid tumors and MCTSs experience three distinct O2 microenvironments dictated by their distances from blood vessels or MCTS surfaces, respectively; oxic, hypoxic, or intermediate levels of hypoxia. These studies support the application of more physiologically relevant in vitro 3D models that recapitulate the heterogeneous microenvironments of solid tumors for preclinical cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Close
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences1, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Paul A Johnston
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences1, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center2, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA..
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28
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Tang X, Brindley DN. Analysis of Cell Proliferation by Three-Dimensional Culture. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2579:197-207. [PMID: 36045208 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2736-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technology is a powerful tool in cancer research and drug development. It retains several critical components of the in vivo environment, including cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions in a 3D fashion, gradients of oxygen, nutrients and metabolic waste, and it is thus more physiologically relevant than traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture. Here, we describe a simple and versatile method using commercially available chamber slides and Matrigel, a surrogate ECM hydrogel, to set up a 3D culture model for breast cancer cells. In this 3D culture model, cells form aggregates or spheroids on top of a thin layer of Matrigel, which can be fixed directly onto the chamber slides for cell imaging and immunofluorescence staining. Alternatively, RNA and protein can be extracted from the cells for further investigation. This 3D cell culture model provides a useful platform for cancer research and drug development, in which the effects of novel compounds or genetic modifications can be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David N Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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29
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Pavlova E, Maslakova A, Prusakov K, Bagrov D. Optical sensors based on electrospun membranes – principles, applications, and prospects for chemistry and biology. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01821g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun membranes are promising substrates for receptor layer immobilization in optical sensors. Either colorimetric, luminescence, or Raman scattering signal can be used to detect the analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Pavlova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Federal Research Clinical Center of Physical–Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, 119435, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aitsana Maslakova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill Prusakov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Federal Research Clinical Center of Physical–Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya Street, 119435, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Bagrov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234, Moscow, Russian Federation
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30
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Herring B, Jang S, Whitt J, Goliwas K, Aburjania Z, Dudeja V, Ren B, Berry J, Bibb J, Frost A, Chen H, Rose JB, Jaskula-Sztul R. Ex Vivo Modeling of Human Neuroendocrine Tumors in Tissue Surrogates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:710009. [PMID: 35002949 PMCID: PMC8734644 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.710009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Few models exist for studying neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and there are mounting concerns that the currently available array of cell lines is not representative of NET biology. The lack of stable patient-derived NET xenograft models further limits the scientific community's ability to make conclusions about NETs and their response to therapy in patients. To address these limitations, we propose the use of an ex vivo 3D flow-perfusion bioreactor system for culturing and studying patient-derived NET surrogates. Herein, we demonstrate the utility of the bioreactor system for culturing NET surrogates and provide methods for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic agents on human NET cell line xenograft constructs and patient-derived NET surrogates. We also demonstrate that patient-derived NET tissues can be propagated using the bioreactor system and investigate the near-infrared (NIR) dye IR-783 for its use in monitoring their status within the bioreactor. The results indicate that the bioreactor system and similar 3D culture models may be valuable tools for culturing patient-derived NETs and monitoring their response to therapy ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon Herring
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Samuel Jang
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jason Whitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kayla Goliwas
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zviadi Aburjania
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Bin Ren
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Joel Berry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James Bibb
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andra Frost
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John Bart Rose
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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31
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Capturing the third dimension in drug discovery: Spatially-resolved tools for interrogation of complex 3D cell models. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 55:107883. [PMID: 34875362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced three-dimensional (3D) cell models have proven to be capable of depicting architectural and microenvironmental features of several tissues. By providing data of higher physiological and pathophysiological relevance, 3D cell models have been contributing to a better understanding of human development, pathology onset and progression mechanisms, as well as for 3D cell-based assays for drug discovery. Nonetheless, the characterization and interrogation of these tissue-like structures pose major challenges on the conventional analytical methods, pushing the development of spatially-resolved technologies. Herein, we review recent advances and pioneering technologies suitable for the interrogation of multicellular 3D models, while capable of retaining biological spatial information. We focused on imaging technologies and omics tools, namely transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. The advantages and shortcomings of these novel methodologies are discussed, alongside the opportunities to intertwine data from the different tools.
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32
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Habanjar O, Diab-Assaf M, Caldefie-Chezet F, Delort L. 3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12200. [PMID: 34830082 PMCID: PMC8618305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical trials to ideally represent physiological conditions. This culture cannot mimic the natural tumor microenvironment due to the lack of cellular communication (cell-cell) and interaction (cell-cell and cell-matrix). To overcome these limitations, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems are increasingly developed in research and have become essential for tumor research, tissue engineering, and basic biology research. 3D culture has received much attention in the field of biomedicine due to its ability to mimic tissue structure and function. The 3D matrix presents a highly dynamic framework where its components are deposited, degraded, or modified to delineate functions and provide a platform where cells attach to perform their specific functions, including adhesion, proliferation, communication, and apoptosis. So far, various types of models belong to this culture: either the culture based on natural or synthetic adherent matrices used to design 3D scaffolds as biomaterials to form a 3D matrix or based on non-adherent and/or matrix-free matrices to form the spheroids. In this review, we first summarize a comparison between 2D and 3D cultures. Then, we focus on the different components of the natural extracellular matrix that can be used as supports in 3D culture. Then we detail different types of natural supports such as matrigel, hydrogels, hard supports, and different synthetic strategies of 3D matrices such as lyophilization, electrospiding, stereolithography, microfluid by citing the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. Finally, we summarize the different methods of generating normal and tumor spheroids, citing their respective advantages and disadvantages in order to obtain an ideal 3D model (matrix) that retains the following characteristics: better biocompatibility, good mechanical properties corresponding to the tumor tissue, degradability, controllable microstructure and chemical components like the tumor tissue, favorable nutrient exchange and easy separation of the cells from the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Habanjar
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Equipe Tumorigénèse Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Anticancéreuse, Faculté des Sciences II, Université Libanaise Fanar, Beyrouth 1500, Liban;
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chezet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Laetitia Delort
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
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33
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Ichikawa T, Shibata M, Inaishi T, Soeda I, Kanda M, Hayashi M, Takano Y, Takeuchi D, Tsunoda N, Kodera Y, Kikumori T. Synaptotagmin 13 Is Highly Expressed in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4080-4092. [PMID: 34677264 PMCID: PMC8535095 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28050346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence indicates tumor-promoting roles of synaptotagmin 13 (SYT13) in several cancers; however, no studies have investigated its expression in breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to clarify the significance of SYT13 in BC. Methods: SYT13 mRNA expression levels were evaluated in BC cell lines. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between expression levels of SYT13 and other tumor-associated genes. Then, the association of SYT13 expression levels in the clinical BC specimens with patients’ clinicopathological factors was evaluated. These findings were subsequently validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Results: Among 13 BC cell lines, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cells showed higher SYT13 mRNA levels than ER-negative cells. PCR array analysis revealed positive correlations between SYT13 and several oncogenes predominantly expressed in ER-positive BC, such as estrogen receptor 1, AKT serine/threonine kinase 1, and cyclin-dependent kinases 4. In 165 patients, ER-positive specimens exhibited higher SYT13 mRNA expression levels than ER-negative specimens. The TCGA database analysis confirmed that patients with ER-positive BC expressed higher SYT13 levels than ER-negative patients. Conclusion: This study suggests that SYT13 is highly expressed in ER-positive BC cells and clinical specimens, and there is a positive association of SYT13 with the ER signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ichikawa
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (T.I.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Y.T.); (D.T.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Masahiro Shibata
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (T.I.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Y.T.); (D.T.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-744-2251; Fax: +81-52-744-2252
| | - Takahiro Inaishi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (T.I.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Y.T.); (D.T.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Ikumi Soeda
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (T.I.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Y.T.); (D.T.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (M.K.); (M.H.); (Y.K.)
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (M.K.); (M.H.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuko Takano
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (T.I.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Y.T.); (D.T.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Dai Takeuchi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (T.I.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Y.T.); (D.T.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Nobuyuki Tsunoda
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (T.I.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Y.T.); (D.T.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (M.K.); (M.H.); (Y.K.)
| | - Toyone Kikumori
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (T.I.); (T.I.); (I.S.); (Y.T.); (D.T.); (N.T.); (T.K.)
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Patil S, Jahagirdar S, Khot M, Sengupta K. Studying the Role of Chromosomal Instability (CIN) in GI Cancers Using Patient-derived Organoids. J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167256. [PMID: 34547328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is associated with the initiation and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers. Cancers of the GI tract are typically characterized by altered chromosome numbers. While the dynamics of CIN have been extensively characterized in 2D monolayer cell cultures derived from GI tumors, the tumor microenvironment and 3D tumor architecture also contribute to the progression of CIN, which is not captured in 2D cell culture systems. To overcome these limitations, self-organizing cellular structures that retain organ-specific 3D architecture, namely organoids, have been derived from various tissues of the GI tract. Organoids derived from normal tissue and patient tumors serve as a useful paradigm to study the crosstalk between tumor cells in the context of a tissue microenvironment and its impact on chromosomal stability. Such a paradigm, therefore, has a considerable advantage over 2D cell culture systems in drug screening and personalized medicine. Here, we review the importance of patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) as a model to study CIN in cancers of the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalaka Patil
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India. https://twitter.com/@ShalakaPatil11
| | - Sanika Jahagirdar
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India. https://twitter.com/@SanikaJag
| | - Maithilee Khot
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India. https://twitter.com/@MaithileeKhot
| | - Kundan Sengupta
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India.
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Osório LA, Silva E, Mackay RE. A Review of Biomaterials and Scaffold Fabrication for Organ-on-a-Chip (OOAC) Systems. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:113. [PMID: 34436116 PMCID: PMC8389238 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8080113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug and chemical development along with safety tests rely on the use of numerous clinical models. This is a lengthy process where animal testing is used as a standard for pre-clinical trials. However, these models often fail to represent human physiopathology. This may lead to poor correlation with results from later human clinical trials. Organ-on-a-Chip (OOAC) systems are engineered microfluidic systems, which recapitulate the physiochemical environment of a specific organ by emulating the perfusion and shear stress cellular tissue undergoes in vivo and could replace current animal models. The success of culturing cells and cell-derived tissues within these systems is dependent on the scaffold chosen; hence, scaffolds are critical for the success of OOACs in research. A literature review was conducted looking at current OOAC systems to assess the advantages and disadvantages of different materials and manufacturing techniques used for scaffold production; and the alternatives that could be tailored from the macro tissue engineering research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana A. Osório
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
| | - Elisabete Silva
- Department of Life Science, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
| | - Ruth E. Mackay
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
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36
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Imitating Hypoxia and Tumor Microenvironment with Immune Evasion by Employing Three Dimensional in vitro Cellular Models: Impressive Tool in Drug Discovery. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:80-91. [PMID: 34323197 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210728115605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous tumor microenvironment is exceptionally perplexing and not wholly comprehended. Different multifaceted alignments lead to the generation of oxygen destitute situations within the tumor niche that modulate numerous intrinsic tumor microenvironments. Disentangling these communications is vital for scheming practical therapeutic approaches that can successfully decrease tumor allied chemotherapy resistance by utilizing the innate capability of the immune system. Several research groups have concerned with a protruding role for oxygen metabolism along with hypoxia in the immunity of healthy tissue. Hypoxia in addition to hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in the tumor microenvironment plays an important part in tumor progression and endurance. Although numerous hypoxia-focused therapies have shown promising outcomes both in vitro and in vivo these outcomes have not effectively translated into clinical preliminaries. Distinctive cell culture techniques have utilized as an in vitro model for tumor niche along with tumor microenvironment and proficient in more precisely recreating tumor genomic profiles as well as envisaging therapeutic response. To study the dynamics of tumor immune evasion, three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are more physiologically important to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Recent research has revealed new information and insights into our fundamental understanding of immune systems, as well as novel results that have been established as potential therapeutic targets. There are a lot of patented 3D cell culture techniques which will be highlighted in this review. At present notable 3D cell culture procedures in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, discourse open doors to accommodate both drug repurposing, advancement, and divulgence of new medications and will deliberate the 3D cell culture methods into standard prescription disclosure especially in the field of cancer biology which will be discussing here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar Ray
- Department of Applied Sciences. Indira Gandhi Technological and Medical Sciences University, Ziro, Arunachal Pradesh-791120, India
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry. All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020, India
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Malhão F, Macedo AC, Costa C, Rocha E, Ramos AA. Fucoxanthin Holds Potential to Become a Drug Adjuvant in Breast Cancer Treatment: Evidence from 2D and 3D Cell Cultures. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144288. [PMID: 34299562 PMCID: PMC8304772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a carotenoid derived from marine organisms that exhibits anticancer activities. However, its role as a potential drug adjuvant in breast cancer (BC) treatment is still poorly explored. Firstly, this study investigated the cytotoxic effects of Fx alone and combined with doxorubicin (Dox) and cisplatin (Cis) on a panel of 2D-cultured BC cell lines (MCF7, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231) and one non-tumoral cell line (MCF12A). Fucoxanthin induced cytotoxicity against all the cell lines and potentiated Dox cytotoxic effects towards the SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The combination triggering the highest cytotoxicity (Fx 10 µM + Dox 1 µM in MDA-MB-231) additionally showed significant induction of cell death and genotoxic effects, relative to control. In sequence, the same combination was tested on 3D cultures using a multi-endpoint approach involving bioactivity assays and microscopy techniques. Similar to 2D cultures, the combination of Fx and Dox showed higher cytotoxic effects on 3D cultures compared to the isolated compounds. Furthermore, this combination increased the number of apoptotic cells, decreased cell proliferation, and caused structural and ultrastructural damages on the 3D models. Overall, our findings suggest Fx has potential to become an adjuvant for Dox chemotherapy regimens in BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Malhão
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.); (A.C.M.); (A.A.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Macedo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.); (A.C.M.); (A.A.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carla Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal;
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.); (A.C.M.); (A.A.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Alice Abreu Ramos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (U.Porto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.); (A.C.M.); (A.A.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto (U.Porto), Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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38
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Liverani C, De Vita A, Spadazzi C, Miserocchi G, Cocchi C, Bongiovanni A, De Lucia A, La Manna F, Fabbri F, Tebaldi M, Amadori D, Tasciotti E, Martinelli G, Mercatali L, Ibrahim T. Lineage-specific mechanisms and drivers of breast cancer chemoresistance revealed by 3D biomimetic culture. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:921-939. [PMID: 34109737 PMCID: PMC8847989 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the success rate of current preclinical drug trials, there is a growing need for more complex and relevant models that can help predict clinical resistance to anticancer agents. Here, we present a three‐dimensional (3D) technology, based on biomimetic collagen scaffolds, that enables the modeling of the tumor hypoxic state and the prediction of in vivo chemotherapy responses in terms of efficacy, molecular alterations, and emergence of resistance mechanisms. The human breast cancer cell lines MDA‐MB‐231 (triple negative) and MCF‐7 (luminal A) were treated with scaling doses of doxorubicin in monolayer cultures, 3D collagen scaffolds, or orthotopically transplanted murine models. Lineage‐specific resistance mechanisms were revealed by the 3D tumor model. Reduced drug uptake, increased drug efflux, and drug lysosomal confinement were observed in triple‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 cells. In luminal A MCF‐7 cells, the selection of a drug‐resistant subline from parental cells with deregulation of p53 pathways occurred. These cells were demonstrated to be insensitive to DNA damage. Transcriptome analysis was carried out to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in treated cells. DEG evaluation in breast cancer patients demonstrated their potential role as predictive biomarkers. High expression of the transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) and the tumor protein p53‐inducible protein 3 (TP53I3) was associated with shorter relapse in patients affected by ER+ breast tumor. Likewise, the same clinical outcome was associated with high expression of the lysosomal‐associated membrane protein 1 LAMP1 in triple‐negative breast cancer. Hypoxia inhibition by resveratrol treatment was found to partially re‐sensitize cells to doxorubicin treatment. Our model might improve preclinical in vitro analysis for the translation of anticancer compounds as it provides: (a) more accurate data on drug efficacy and (b) enhanced understanding of resistance mechanisms and molecular drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Liverani
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Vita
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Spadazzi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giacomo Miserocchi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Claudia Cocchi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Alberto Bongiovanni
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Anna De Lucia
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Federico La Manna
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Francesco Fabbri
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Michela Tebaldi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Dino Amadori
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), TX, USA.,IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome Sclavo Research Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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39
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Belfiore L, Aghaei B, Law AMK, Dobrowolski JC, Raftery LJ, Tjandra AD, Yee C, Piloni A, Volkerling A, Ferris CJ, Engel M. Generation and analysis of 3D cell culture models for drug discovery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 163:105876. [PMID: 33989755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful preclinical drug testing relies in part on data generated using in vitro cell culture models that recapitulate the structure and function of tumours and other tissues in vivo. The growing evidence that 3D cell models can more accurately predict the efficacy of drug responses compared to traditionally utilised 2D cell culture systems has led to continuous scientific and technological advances that enable better physiologically representative in vitro modelling of in vivo tissues. This review will provide an overview of the utility of current 3D cell models from a drug screening perspective and explore the future of 3D cell models for drug discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Belfiore
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia.
| | - Behnaz Aghaei
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew M K Law
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia
| | | | - Lyndon J Raftery
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia
| | - Angie D Tjandra
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia
| | - Christine Yee
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Alberto Piloni
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia
| | | | - Cameron J Ferris
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia
| | - Martin Engel
- Inventia Life Science Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, 2015, Australia
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40
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Activation of PKC supports the anticancer activity of tigilanol tiglate and related epoxytiglianes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:207. [PMID: 33420238 PMCID: PMC7794351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-standing perception of Protein Kinase C (PKC) as a family of oncoproteins has increasingly been challenged by evidence that some PKC isoforms may act as tumor suppressors. To explore the hypothesis that activation, rather than inhibition, of these isoforms is critical for anticancer activity, we isolated and characterized a family of 16 novel phorboids closely-related to tigilanol tiglate (EBC-46), a PKC-activating epoxytigliane showing promising clinical safety and efficacy for intratumoral treatment of cancers. While alkyl branching features of the C12-ester influenced potency, the 6,7-epoxide structural motif and position was critical to PKC activation in vitro. A subset of the 6,7-epoxytiglianes were efficacious against established tumors in mice; which generally correlated with in vitro activation of PKC. Importantly, epoxytiglianes without evidence of PKC activation showed limited antitumor efficacy. Taken together, these findings provide a strong rationale to reassess the role of PKC isoforms in cancer, and suggest in some situations their activation can be a promising strategy for anticancer drug discovery.
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41
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Senbabaoglu F, Aksu AC, Cingoz A, Seker-Polat F, Borklu-Yucel E, Solaroglu İ, Bagci-Onder T. Drug Repositioning Screen on a New Primary Cell Line Identifies Potent Therapeutics for Glioblastoma. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:578316. [PMID: 33390879 PMCID: PMC7773901 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.578316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a malignant brain cancer with limited treatment options and high mortality rate. While established glioblastoma cell line models provide valuable information, they ultimately lose most primary characteristics of tumors under long-term serum culture conditions. Therefore, established cell lines do not necessarily recapitulate genetic and morphological characteristics of real tumors. In this study, in line with the growing interest in using primary cell line models derived from patient tissue, we generated a primary glioblastoma cell line, KUGBM8 and characterized its genetic alterations, long term growth ability, tumor formation capacity and its response to Temozolomide, the front-line chemotherapy utilized clinically. In addition, we performed a drug repurposing screen on the KUGBM8 cell line to identify FDA-approved agents that can be incorporated into glioblastoma treatment regimen and identified Topotecan as a lead drug among 1,200 drugs. We showed Topotecan can induce cell death in KUGBM8 and other primary cell lines and cooperate with Temozolomide in low dosage combinations. Together, our study provides a new primary cell line model that can be suitable for both in vitro and in vivo studies and suggests that Topotecan can offer promise as a therapeutic approach for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Senbabaoglu
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Cenk Aksu
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cingoz
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fidan Seker-Polat
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Borklu-Yucel
- Medical Genetics Department and Diagnostic Center for Genetic Diseases, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İhsan Solaroglu
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Neurosurgery, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Tugba Bagci-Onder
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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42
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Abreu TR, Biscaia M, Gonçalves N, Fonseca NA, Moreira JN. In Vitro and In Vivo Tumor Models for the Evaluation of Anticancer Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1295:271-299. [PMID: 33543464 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58174-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies about tumor biology have revealed the determinant role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, resulting from the dynamic interactions between tumor cells and surrounding stromal cells within the extracellular matrix. This malignant microenvironment highly impacts the efficacy of anticancer nanoparticles by displaying drug resistance mechanisms, as well as intrinsic physical and biochemical barriers, which hamper their intratumoral accumulation and biological activity.Currently, two-dimensional cell cultures are used as the initial screening method in vitro for testing cytotoxic nanocarriers. However, this fails to mimic the tumor heterogeneity, as well as the three-dimensional tumor architecture and pathophysiological barriers, leading to an inaccurate pharmacological evaluation.Biomimetic 3D in vitro tumor models, on the other hand, are emerging as promising tools for more accurately assessing nanoparticle activity, owing to their ability to recapitulate certain features of the tumor microenvironment and thus provide mechanistic insights into nanocarrier intratumoral penetration and diffusion rates.Notwithstanding, in vivo validation of nanomedicines remains irreplaceable at the preclinical stage, and a vast variety of more advanced in vivo tumor models is currently available. Such complex animal models (e.g., genetically engineered mice and patient-derived xenografts) are capable of better predicting nanocarrier clinical efficiency, as they closely resemble the heterogeneity of the human tumor microenvironment.Herein, the development of physiologically more relevant in vitro and in vivo tumor models for the preclinical evaluation of anticancer nanoparticles will be discussed, as well as the current limitations and future challenges in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa R Abreu
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal.,UC - University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Biscaia
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nélio Gonçalves
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Fonseca
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal.,TREAT U, SA, Parque Industrial de Taveiro, Lote 44, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal. .,UC - University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal.
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43
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Leiva MC, Garre E, Gustafsson A, Svanström A, Bogestål Y, Håkansson J, Ståhlberg A, Landberg G. Breast cancer patient-derived scaffolds as a tool to monitor chemotherapy responses in human tumor microenvironments. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4709-4724. [PMID: 33368325 PMCID: PMC8049042 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease where the tumor microenvironment, including extracellular components, plays a crucial role in tumor progression, potentially modulating treatment response. Different approaches have been used to develop three‐dimensional models able to recapitulate the complexity of the extracellular matrix. Here, we use cell‐free patient‐derived scaffolds (PDSs) generated from breast cancer samples that were recellularized with cancer cell lines as an in vivo‐like culture system for drug testing. We show that PDS cultured MCF7 cancer cells increased their resistance against the front‐line chemotherapy drugs 5‐fluorouracil, doxorubicin and paclitaxel in comparison to traditional two‐dimensional cell cultures. The gene expression of the environmentally adapted cancer cells was modulated in different ways depending on the drug and the concentration used. High doses of doxorubicin reduced cancer stem cell features, whereas 5‐fluorouracil increased stemness and decreased the proliferative phenotype. By using PDSs repopulated with other breast cancer cell lines, T‐47D and MDA‐MB‐231, we observed both general and cell line specific drug responses. In summary, PDSs can be used to examine the extracellular matrix influence on cancer drug responses and for testing novel compounds in in vivo‐like microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Leiva
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elena Garre
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Svanström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yalda Bogestål
- Department of Biological Function, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden
| | - Joakim Håkansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Biological Function, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Landberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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44
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Fröhlich E. Issues with Cancer Spheroid Models in Therapeutic Drug Screening. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2137-2148. [PMID: 32067603 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200218094200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vitro screening for anti-cancer agents currently uses mainly cell lines in 2D culture. It is generally assumed that 3D culture, namely spheroids, represents physiologically more relevant models for tumors. Unfortunately, drug testing in spheroids is not as easy and reproducible as in 2D culture because there are factors that limit the universal use of spheroids as screening platforms. Technical problems in the generation of uniform spheroids, cell/tumor-specific differences in the ability to form spheroids, and more complex readout parameters are the main reasons for differences between spheroid data. The review discusses requirements for cancer spheroids to be representative models, suitable methodologies to generate spheroids for the screening and readout parameters for the evaluation of anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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45
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Trusler O, Goodwin J, Laslett AL. BRCA1 and BRCA2 associated breast cancer and the roles of current modelling systems in drug discovery. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188459. [PMID: 33129865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For a drug candidate to be fully developed takes years and investment of hundreds of millions of dollars. There is no doubt that drug development is difficult and risky, but vital to protecting against devastating disease. This difficulty is clearly evident in BRCA1 and BRCA2 related breast cancer, with current treatment options largely confined to invasive surgical procedures, as well as chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimes which damage healthy tissue and can leave remnant disease. Consequently, patient survival and relapse rates are far from ideal, and new candidate treatments are needed. The preclinical stages of drug discovery are crucial to get right for translation to hospital beds. Disease models must take advantage of current technologies and be accurate for rapid and translatable treatments. Careful selection of cell lines must be coupled with high throughput techniques, with promising results trialled further in highly accurate humanised patient derived xenograft models. Traditional adherent drug screening should transition to 3D culture systems amenable to high throughput techniques if the gap between in vitro and in vivo studies is to be partially bridged. The possibility of organoid, induced pluripotent stem cell, and conditionally reprogrammed in vitro models is tantalising, however protocols are yet to be fully established. This review of BRCA1 and BRCA2 cancer biology and current modelling systems will hopefully guide the design of future drug discovery endeavours and highlight areas requiring improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Trusler
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jacob Goodwin
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Andrew L Laslett
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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46
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Balaji P, Murugadas A, Ramkumar A, Thirumurugan R, Shanmugaapriya S, Akbarsha MA. Characterization of Hen's Egg White To Use It as a Novel Platform To Culture Three-Dimensional Multicellular Tumor Spheroids. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19760-19770. [PMID: 32803071 PMCID: PMC7424746 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We are standardizing protocols to develop egg white (EW) as a cost-effective platform for culture of three-dimensional (3-D) multicellular tumor spheroids for application in understanding tumor microenvironments and drug screening. In this article, we describe several physical and physiological characteristics of EW to use it as 3-D cell culture platform. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of different microstructures. Hydrodynamic size distribution data indicated nano- and micron-sized particles. Rheological measurements revealed the viscosity and viscoelastic behavior appropriate for maintaining cell viability and supporting 3-D cell growth under high-sheer conditions. It was found that thereis no autofluorescence, a requirement for imparting transparency and for microscopic observations of the spheroids. The EW facilitated the development of 3-D tumor spheroids, with an emphasis of difference in cell proliferation and intercellular cytoskeletal organization between two-dimensional and 3-D spheroid cultures. Put together, EW proves to be a cost-affordable and simple platform for 3-D culture of tumor spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumalsamy Balaji
- Department of Biomedical
Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620024, India
- National
Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Anbazhagan Murugadas
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- National
Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Arunachalam Ramkumar
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620024, India
- National
Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - Ramasamy Thirumurugan
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620024, India
- National
Centre for Alternatives to Animal Experiments, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | | | - Mohammad Abdulkader Akbarsha
- National
College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620001, India
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp
Centre for Alternatives, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
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47
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Perepelkina T, Kegeles E, Baranov P. Optimizing the Conditions and Use of Synthetic Matrix for Three-Dimensional In Vitro Retinal Differentiation from Mouse Pluripotent Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 25:433-445. [PMID: 31195897 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The development of retinal regenerative therapies relies on the reproducible and renewable source of retinal neurons for drug discovery and cell transplantation. Three-dimensional approach for retinal differentiation from pluripotent cells recently emerged as the robust strategy for retinal tissue differentiation. In this work, we present the combination of optimized conditions and techniques for three-dimensional retinal differentiation from mouse embryonic cells that improves reproducibility and efficiency of retinal differentiation in organoid cultures. We also show that the retinal induction can be achieved with the synthetic oligopeptide instead of Matrigel that allows to approach xeno-free conditions for cell production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Perepelkina
- 1The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, an Affiliate of Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Evgenii Kegeles
- 1The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, an Affiliate of Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,2Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
| | - Petr Baranov
- 1The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, an Affiliate of Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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48
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Badekila AK, Kini S, Jaiswal AK. Fabrication techniques of biomimetic scaffolds in three-dimensional cell culture: A review. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:741-762. [PMID: 32657458 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last four decades, several researchers worldwide have routinely and meticulously exercised cell culture experiments in two-dimensional (2D) platforms. Using traditionally existing 2D models, the therapeutic efficacy of drugs has been inappropriately validated due to the failure in generating the precise therapeutic response. Fortunately, a 3D model addresses the foregoing limitations by recapitulating the in vivo environment. In this context, one has to contemplate the design of an appropriate scaffold for favoring the organization of cell microenvironment. Instituting pertinent model on the platter will pave way for a precise mimicking of in vivo conditions. It is because animal cells in scaffolds oblige spontaneous formation of 3D colonies that molecularly, phenotypically, and histologically resemble the native environment. The 3D culture provides insight into the biochemical aspects of cell-cell communication, plasticity, cell division, cytoskeletal reorganization, signaling mechanisms, differentiation, and cell death. Focusing on these criteria, this paper discusses in detail, the diversification of polymeric scaffolds based on their available resources. The paper also reviews the well-founded and latest techniques of scaffold fabrication, and their applications pertaining to tissue engineering, drug screening, and tumor model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana K Badekila
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudarshan Kini
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit K Jaiswal
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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49
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Calar K, Plesselova S, Bhattacharya S, Jorgensen M, de la Puente P. Human Plasma-Derived 3D Cultures Model Breast Cancer Treatment Responses and Predict Clinically Effective Drug Treatment Concentrations. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071722. [PMID: 32610529 PMCID: PMC7407241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of efficacy and a low overall success rate of phase I-II clinical trials are the most common failures when it comes to advancing cancer treatment. Current drug sensitivity screenings present several challenges including differences in cell growth rates, the inconsistent use of drug metrics, and the lack of translatability. Here, we present a patient-derived 3D culture model to overcome these limitations in breast cancer (BCa). The human plasma-derived 3D culture model (HuP3D) utilizes patient plasma as the matrix, where BCa cell lines and primary BCa biopsies were grown and screened for drug treatments. Several drug metrics were evaluated from relative cell count and growth rate curves. Correlations between HuP3D metrics, established preclinical models, and clinical effective concentrations in patients were determined. HuP3D efficiently supported the growth and expansion of BCa cell lines and primary breast cancer tumors as both organoids and single cells. Significant and strong correlations between clinical effective concentrations in patients were found for eight out of ten metrics for HuP3D, while a very poor positive correlation and a moderate correlation was found for 2D models and other 3D models, respectively. HuP3D is a feasible and efficacious platform for supporting the growth and expansion of BCa, allowing high-throughput drug screening and predicting clinically effective therapies better than current preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Calar
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (K.C.); (S.B.); (M.J.)
| | - Simona Plesselova
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Somshuvra Bhattacharya
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (K.C.); (S.B.); (M.J.)
| | - Megan Jorgensen
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (K.C.); (S.B.); (M.J.)
- MD/PhD Program, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Cancer Biology and Immunotherapies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA; (K.C.); (S.B.); (M.J.)
- Department of Surgery, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
- Flow Cytometry Core, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-605-312-6042
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50
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Shehzad A, Ravinayagam V, AlRumaih H, Aljafary M, Almohazey D, Almofty S, Al-Rashid NA, Al-Suhaimi EA. Application of Three-dimensional (3D) Tumor Cell Culture Systems and Mechanism of Drug Resistance. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3599-3607. [PMID: 31612821 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191014163923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The in-vitro experimental model for the development of cancer therapeutics has always been challenging. Recently, the scientific revolution has improved cell culturing techniques by applying three dimensional (3D) culture system, which provides a similar physiologically relevant in-vivo model for studying various diseases including cancer. In particular, cancer cells exhibiting in-vivo behavior in a model of 3D cell culture is a more accurate cell culture model to test the effectiveness of anticancer drugs or characterization of cancer cells in comparison with two dimensional (2D) monolayer. This study underpins various factors that cause resistance to anticancer drugs in forms of spheroids in 3D in-vitro cell culture and also outlines key challenges and possible solutions for the future development of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Shehzad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijaya Ravinayagam
- Scientific Research & Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad AlRumaih
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meneerah Aljafary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Almohazey
- Stem Cell Research Department, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Almofty
- Stem Cell Research Department, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor A Al-Rashid
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam A Al-Suhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Stem Cell Research Department, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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