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Huang G, Yin Z, Wang X, Wen Z, Su R, Li C, Liu Y, Yang J, Hu H, Nie H, Zeng X, Fei J. System analysis of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang and their key active ingredients for overcoming CML resistance by suppression of leukemia stem cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 117:154918. [PMID: 37329755 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BCR-ABL1-based resistance to imatinib, mainly resulting from BCR-ABL1 mutations, is largely solved after second- and third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are discovered. Nonetheless, imatinib resistance without BCR-ABL1 mutations, including intrinsic resistance induced by stem cells within chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), remains the major clinical challenge for many patients. PURPOSE To study the key active ingredients and corresponding target proteins in Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT) against BCR-ABL1-independent CML resistance to therapeutics, and then explore its mechanism of against CML drug resistance. METHODS Cytotoxicity of HLJDT and its active ingredients in BCR-ABL1-independent imatinib resistance cells was analyzed through MTT assay. The cloning ability was measured through soft agar assay. Monitoring therapeutic effect on Xenografted mice CML model by in vivo imaging technology and mice survival time. Predicting the potential target protein binding sites by the technology of photocrosslinking sensor chip, molecular space simulation docking, and use Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology . Flow cytometry to detect the ratio of stem progenitor cells (CD34+). Constructing bone marrow transplantation mice CML leukemia model, detect the effects on leukemia stem cells LSK (Lin-\ Sca-1+ \C-kit+) self-renewal. RESULTS Treatment with HLJDT, berberine and baicalein inhibited cell viability and colony formation of BCR-ABL1-independent imatinib-resistant cells in vitro while prolonging survival in mouse with CML xenografts and transplatation CML-like mouse models in vivo. JAK2 and MCL1were identified as targets of berberine and baicalein. JAK2 and MCL1 are involved in multi-leukemia stem cell-related pathways. Moreover, the ratio of CD34+ cells in resistant CML cells is higher than in treatment-sensitive CML cells. Treatment with BBR or baicalein partially suppressed CML leukemic stem cells (LSCs) self-renewal in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION From the above, we concluded that HLJDT and its key active ingredients (BBR and baicalein) allowed to overcome imatinib resistance with BCR-ABL1 independent by eradication of LSCs by targeting the JAK2 and MCL1 protein levels. Our results lay the foundation for applying HLJDT in patients with TKI-resistant CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou 510632, China; Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Company, Limited, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhao Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou 510632, China; Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Company, Limited, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Hematology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan university, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Xiuyuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou 510632, China; Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Company, Limited, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ziqi Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou 510632, China; Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Company, Limited, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou 510632, China; Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Company, Limited, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chuting Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou 510632, China; Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Company, Limited, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou 510632, China; Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Company, Limited, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Juhua Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou 510632, China; Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Company, Limited, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Hong Nie
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization andInnovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xiaobin Zeng
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Jia Fei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Drug Development for Small Nucleic Acids, Guangzhou 510632, China; Antisense Biopharmaceutical Technology Company, Limited, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Proteomic and phosphoproteomic landscapes of acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2022; 140:1533-1548. [PMID: 35895896 PMCID: PMC9523374 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a deep-scale proteome and phosphoproteome database from 44 representative acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients from the LAML TCGA dataset and 6 healthy bone marrow-derived controls. After confirming data quality, we orthogonally validated several previously undescribed features of AML revealed by the proteomic data. We identified examples of posttranscriptionally regulated proteins both globally (ie, in all AML samples) and also in patients with recurrent AML driver mutations. For example, samples with IDH1/2 mutations displayed elevated levels of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent histone demethylases KDM4A/B/C, despite no changes in messenger RNA levels for these genes; we confirmed this finding in vitro. In samples with NPMc mutations, we identified several nuclear importins with posttranscriptionally increased protein abundance and showed that they interact with NPMc but not wild-type NPM1. We identified 2 cell surface proteins (CD180 and MRC1/CD206) expressed on AML blasts of many patients (but not healthy CD34+ stem/progenitor cells) that could represent novel targets for immunologic therapies and confirmed these targets via flow cytometry. Finally, we detected nearly 30 000 phosphosites in these samples; globally, AML samples were associated with the abnormal phosphorylation of specific residues in PTPN11, STAT3, AKT1, and PRKCD. FLT3-TKD samples were associated with increased phosphorylation of activating tyrosines on the cytoplasmic Src-family tyrosine kinases FGR and HCK and related signaling proteins. PML-RARA-initiated AML samples displayed a unique phosphorylation signature, and TP53-mutant samples showed abundant phosphorylation of serine-183 on TP53 itself. This publicly available database will serve as a foundation for further investigations of protein dysregulation in AML pathogenesis.
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Liu S, Qiao X, Wu S, Gai Y, Su Y, Edwards H, Wang Y, Lin H, Taub JW, Wang G, Ge Y. c-Myc plays a critical role in the antileukemic activity of the Mcl-1-selective inhibitor AZD5991 in acute myeloid leukemia. Apoptosis 2022; 27:913-928. [PMID: 35943677 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease with a low 5-year overall survival rate of 29.5%. Thus, more effective therapies are in need to prolong survival of AML patients. Mcl-1 is overexpressed in AML and is associated with poor prognosis, representing a promising therapeutic target. The oncoprotein c-Myc is also overexpressed in AML and is a significant prognostic factor. In addition, Mcl-1 is required for c-Myc induced AML, indicating that c-Myc-driven AML harbors a Mcl-1 dependency and co-targeting of Mcl-1 and c-Myc represents a promising strategy to eradicate AML. In this study, we investigated the role of c-Myc in the antileukemic activity of Mcl-1 selective inhibitor AZD5991 and the antileukemic activity of co-targeting of Mcl-1 and c-Myc in preclinical models of AML. We found that c-Myc protein levels negatively correlated with AZD5991 EC50s in AML cell lines and primary patient samples. AZD5991 combined with inhibition of c-Myc synergistically induced apoptosis in AML cell lines and primary patient samples, and cooperatively targeted leukemia progenitor cells. AML cells with acquired resistance to AZD5991 were resensitized to AZD5991 when c-Myc was inhibited. The combination also showed promising and synergistic antileukemic activity in vitro against AML cell lines with acquired resistance to the main chemotherapeutic drug AraC and primary AML cells derived from a patient at relapse post chemotherapy. The oncoprotein c-Myc represents a potential biomarker of AZD5991 sensitivity and inhibition of c-Myc synergistically enhances the antileukemic activity of AZD5991 against AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xinan Qiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuqinq Gai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yongwei Su
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 421 E. Canfield, 48201, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Holly Edwards
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 421 E. Canfield, 48201, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jeffrey W Taub
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA.,Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Guan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, P.R. China.
| | - Yubin Ge
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 421 E. Canfield, 48201, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Properties of Leukemic Stem Cells in Regulating Drug Resistance in Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemias. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081841. [PMID: 36009388 PMCID: PMC9405586 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Notoriously known for their capacity to reconstitute hematological malignancies in vivo, leukemic stem cells (LSCs) represent key drivers of therapeutic resistance and disease relapse, posing as a major medical dilemma. Despite having low abundance in the bulk leukemic population, LSCs have developed unique molecular dependencies and intricate signaling networks to enable self-renewal, quiescence, and drug resistance. To illustrate the multi-dimensional landscape of LSC-mediated leukemogenesis, in this review, we present phenotypical characteristics of LSCs, address the LSC-associated leukemic stromal microenvironment, highlight molecular aberrations that occur in the transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome of LSCs, and showcase promising novel therapeutic strategies that potentially target the molecular vulnerabilities of LSCs.
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Proteomic Profiling Identifies Specific Leukemic Stem Cell-Associated Protein Expression Patterns in Pediatric AML Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153567. [PMID: 35892824 PMCID: PMC9332109 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute myeloid leukemia is an aggressive cancer in children and novel therapeutic tools are warranted to improve outcomes and reduce late effects in these patients. In this study, we isolate and explore the protein profiles of leukemic stem cells and normal hematopoietic stem cells from hematologically healthy children. Differences in protein profiles between leukemic and normal hematopoietic stem cells were identified. These results provide an insight into the disrupted biological pathways in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Moreover, differences in protein profiles may serve as potential targets for future therapies specifically aiming at the disease-propagating leukemic stem cells while omitting the normal hematopoietic stem cells. Abstract Novel therapeutic tools are warranted to improve outcomes for children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Differences in the proteome of leukemic blasts and stem cells (AML-SCs) in AML compared with normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) may facilitate the identification of potential targets for future treatment strategies. In this explorative study, we used mass spectrometry to compare the proteome of AML-SCs and CLEC12A+ blasts from five pediatric AML patients with HSCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells from hematologically healthy, age-matched controls. A total of 456 shared proteins were identified in both leukemic and control samples. Varying protein expression profiles were observed in AML-SCs and leukemic blasts, none having any overall resemblance to healthy counterpart cell populations. Thirty-four proteins were differentially expressed between AML-SCs and HSCs, including the upregulation of HSPE1, SRSF1, and NUP210, and the enrichment of proteins suggestive of protein synthesis perturbations through the downregulation of EIF2 signaling was found. Among others, NUP210 and calreticulin were upregulated in CLEC12A+ blasts compared with HSCs. In conclusion, the observed differences in protein expression between pediatric patients with AML and pediatric controls, in particular when comparing stem cell subsets, encourages the extended exploration of leukemia and AML-SC-specific biomarkers of potential relevance in the development of future therapeutic options in pediatric AML.
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Thakral D, Gupta R, Khan A. Leukemic stem cell signatures in Acute myeloid leukemia- targeting the Guardians with novel approaches. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1756-1773. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Federici G, Varricchio L, Martelli F, Falchi M, Picconi O, Francescangeli F, Contavalli P, Girelli G, Tafuri A, Petricoin EF, Mazzarini M, Zeuner A, Migliaccio AR. Phosphoproteomic Landscaping Identifies Non-canonical cKIT Signaling in Polycythemia Vera Erythroid Progenitors. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1245. [PMID: 31824842 PMCID: PMC6883719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although stem cell factor (SCF)/cKIT interaction plays key functions in erythropoiesis, cKIT signaling in human erythroid cells is still poorly defined. To provide new insights into cKIT-mediated erythroid expansion in development and disease, we performed phosphoproteomic profiling of primary erythroid progenitors from adult blood (AB), cord blood (CB), and Polycythemia Vera (PV) at steady-state and upon SCF stimulation. While AB and CB, respectively, activated transient or sustained canonical cKIT-signaling, PV showed a non-canonical signaling including increased mTOR and ERK1 and decreased DEPTOR. Accordingly, screening of FDA-approved compounds showed increased PV sensitivity to JAK, cKIT, and MEK inhibitors. Moreover, differently from AB and CB, in PV the mature 145kDa-cKIT constitutively associated with the tetraspanin CD63 and was not endocytosed upon SCF stimulation, contributing to unrestrained cKIT signaling. These results identify a clinically exploitable variegation of cKIT signaling/metabolism that may contribute to the great erythroid output occurring during development and in PV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilian Varricchio
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- National Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Falchi
- National HIV/AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Orietta Picconi
- National HIV/AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Contavalli
- Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Girelli
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Unit, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Agostino Tafuri
- Sant'Andrea Hospital-La Sapienza, Department of Clinic and Molecular Medicine "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Maria Mazzarini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotorial Sciences, Alma Mater University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ann Zeuner
- Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Research Consortium, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Peptide microarray of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia is related to relapse and reveals involvement of DNA damage response and repair. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4679-4690. [PMID: 31384395 PMCID: PMC6659796 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients suffer from relapse and the exact etiology of AML remains unclear. The aim of this study was to gain comprehensive insights into the activity of signaling pathways in AML. In this study, using a high-throughput PepChip™ Kinomics microarray system, pediatric AML samples were analyzed to gain insights of active signal transduction pathway. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis separated the AML blast profiles into two clusters. These two clusters were independent of patient characteristics, whereas the cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was significantly higher in the patients belonging to cluster-2. In addition, cluster-2 samples showed to be significantly less sensitive to various chemotherapeutic drugs. The activated peptides in cluster-1 and cluster-2 reflected the activity of cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, apoptosis, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, metabolism regulation, transcription factors and GPCRs signaling pathways. The difference between two clusters might be explained by the higher cell cycle arrest response in cluster-1 patients and higher DNA repair mechanism in cluster-2 patients. In conclusion, our study identifies different signaling profiles in pediatric AML in relation with CIR involving DNA damage response and repair.
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Hoff FW, Hu CW, Qutub AA, Qiu Y, Hornbaker MJ, Bueso‐Ramos C, Abbas HA, Post SM, de Bont ESJM, Kornblau SM. Proteomic Profiling of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Identifies Two Protein Signatures Associated with Relapse. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1800133. [PMID: 30650251 PMCID: PMC6635093 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is the most prognostically favorable subtype of Acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Defining the features that allow identification of APL patients likely to relapse after therapy remains challenging. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Proteomic profiling is performed on 20 newly diagnosed APL, 205 non-APL AML, and 10 normal CD34+ samples using Reverse Phase Protein Arrays probed with 230 antibodies. RESULTS Comparison between APL and non-APL AML samples identifies 8.3% of the proteins to be differentially expressed. Proteins higher expressed in APL are involved in the pro-apoptotic pathways or are linked to higher proliferation. The "MetaGalaxy" approach that considers proteins in relation to other assayed proteins stratifies the APL patients into two protein signatures. All of the relapse patients (n = 4/4) are in protein signature 2 (S2). Comparison of proteins between the signatures shows significant differences in relative expression for 38 proteins. Protein expression summary plots suggest less translational activity in combination with a less proliferative character for S2 compared to signature 1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides a potential proteomic-based classification of APL patients that may be useful for risk stratification and therapeutic guidance. Validation in a larger independent cohort is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fieke W. Hoff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/HematologyBeatrix Children's HospitalUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningen9713The Netherlands
| | - Chenyue W. Hu
- Department of BioengineeringRice UniversityHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Amina A. Qutub
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Texas San AntonioSan AntonioTX78429USA
| | - Yihua Qiu
- Department of LeukemiaThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030‐4009USA
| | - Marisa J. Hornbaker
- Department of LeukemiaThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030‐4009USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at HoustonHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Carlos Bueso‐Ramos
- Department of HematopathologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Hussein A. Abbas
- Hematology and Oncology Fellowship ProgramCancer Medicine DivisionThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Sean M. Post
- Department of LeukemiaThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030‐4009USA
| | - Eveline S. J. M. de Bont
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/HematologyBeatrix Children's HospitalUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningen9713The Netherlands
| | - Steven M. Kornblau
- Department of LeukemiaThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030‐4009USA
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Ruvolo PP, Hu CW, Qiu Y, Ruvolo VR, Go RL, Hubner SE, Coombes KR, Andreeff M, Qutub AA, Kornblau SM. LGALS3 is connected to CD74 in a previously unknown protein network that is associated with poor survival in patients with AML. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:126-137. [PMID: 31105032 PMCID: PMC6604360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin 3 (LGALS3) gene expression is associated with poor survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but the prognostic impact of LGALS3 protein expression in AML is unknown. LGALS3 supports diverse survival pathways including RAS mediated cascades, protein expression and stability of anti-apoptotic BCL2 family members, and activation of proliferative pathways including those mediated by beta Catenin. CD74 is a positive regulator of CD44 and CXCR4 signaling and this molecule may be critical for AML stem cell function. At present, the role of LGALS3 and CD74 in AML is unclear. In this study, we examine protein expression of LGALS3 and CD74 by reverse phase protein analysis (RPPA) and identify new protein networks associated with these molecules. In addition, we determine prognostic potential of LGALS3, CD74, and their protein networks for clinical correlates in AML patients. Methods RPPA was used to determine relative expression of LGALS3, CD74, and 229 other proteins in 231 fresh AML patient samples and 205 samples were from patients who were treated and evaluable for outcome. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to identify proteins associated with LGALS3 and CD74. Progeny clustering was performed to generate protein networks. String analysis was performed to determine protein:protein interactions in networks and to perform gene ontology analysis. Kaplan-Meir method was used to generate survival curves. Findings LGALS3 is highest in monocytic AML patients and those with elevated LGALS3 had significantly shorter remission duration compared to patients with lower LGALS3 levels (median 21.9 vs 51.3 weeks, p = 0.016). Pearson correlation of LGALS3 with 230 other proteins identifies a distinct set of 37 proteins positively correlated with LGALS3 expression levels with a high representation of proteins involved in AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Thirty-one proteins were negatively correlated with LGALS3 including an AKT phosphatase. Pearson correlation of proteins associated with CD74 identified 12 proteins negatively correlated with CD74 and 16 proteins that are positively correlated with CD74. CD74 network revealed strong association with CD44 signaling and a high representation of apoptosis regulators. Progeny clustering was used to build protein networks based on LGALS3 and CD74 associated proteins. A strong relationship of the LGALS3 network with the CD74 network was identified. For AML patients with both the LGALS3 and CD74 protein cluster active, median overall survival was only 24.3 weeks, median remission duration was 17.8 weeks, and no patient survived beyond one year. Interpretation The findings from this study identify for the first time protein networks associated with LGALS3 and CD74 in AML. Each network features unique pathway characteristics. The data also suggest that the LGALS3 network and the CD74 network each support AML cell survival and the two networks may cooperate in a novel high risk AML population. Fund Leukemia Lymphoma Society provided funds to SMK for RPPA study of AML patient population. Texas Leukemia provided funds to PPR and SMK to study CD74 and LGALS3 expression in AML patients using RPPA. No payment was involved in the production of this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Chenyue W Hu
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yihua Qiu
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivian R Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robin L Go
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan E Hubner
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin R Coombes
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amina A Qutub
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Hu CW, Qiu Y, Ligeralde A, Raybon AY, Yoo SY, Coombes KR, Qutub AA, Kornblau SM. A quantitative analysis of heterogeneities and hallmarks in acute myelogenous leukaemia. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:889-901. [PMID: 30988472 PMCID: PMC7051028 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) is associated with risk factors that are largely unknown and with a heterogeneous response to treatment. Here, we provide a comprehensive quantitative understanding of AML proteomic heterogeneities and hallmarks by using the AML proteome atlas, a proteomics database that we have newly derived from MetaGalaxy analyses, for the proteomic profiling of 205 AML patients and 111 leukaemia cell lines. The analysis of the dataset revealed 154 functional patterns based on common molecular pathways, 11 constellations of correlated functional patterns, and 13 signatures that stratify the patients’ outcomes. We find limited overlap between proteomics data and both cytogenetics and genetic mutations, and also that leukaemia cell lines show limited proteomic similarities with cells from AML patients, suggesting that a deeper focus on patient-derived samples is needed to gain disease-relevant insights. The AML proteome atlas provides a knowledge base for proteomic patterns in AML, a guide to leukaemia cell-line selection, and a broadly applicable computational approach for quantifying the heterogeneities of protein expression and proteomic hallmarks in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Qiu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Ligeralde
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A Y Raybon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - S Y Yoo
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K R Coombes
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A A Qutub
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - S M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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12
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Hoff FW, Hu CW, Qutub AA, de Bont ESJM, Horton TM, Kornblau SM. Shining a light on cell signaling in leukemia through proteomics: relevance for the clinic. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:613-622. [PMID: 29898608 PMCID: PMC6444923 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1487781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although cure rates for acute leukemia have steadily improved over the past decades, leukemia remains a deadly disease. Enhanced risk stratification and new therapies are needed to improve outcome. Extensive genetic analyses have identified many mutations that contribute to the development of leukemia. However, most mutations occur infrequently and most gene alterations have been difficult to target. Most patients have more than one driver mutation in combination with secondary mutations, that result in a leukemic transformation via the alteration of proteins. The proteomics of acute leukemia could more directly identify proteins to facilitate risk stratification, predict chemoresistance and aid selection of therapy. Areas covered: This review discusses aberrantly expressed proteins identified by mass spectrometry and reverse phase protein arrays and their relationship to survival. In addition, we will discuss proteins in the context of functionally related protein groups. Expert commentary: Proteomics is a powerful tool to analyze protein abundance and functional alterations simultaneously for large numbers of patients. In the forthcoming years, validation of tools to quickly assess protein levels to enable routine rapid profiling of proteins with differential abundance and functional activation may be used as adjuncts to aid in therapy selection and to provide additional prognostic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fieke W. Hoff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chenyue W. Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amina A. Qutub
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eveline S. J. M. de Bont
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Terzah M. Horton
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Co-senior author
| | - Steven M. Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Co-senior author
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13
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Hoff FW, Hu CW, Qiu Y, Ligeralde A, Yoo SY, Mahmud H, de Bont ESJM, Qutub AA, Horton TM, Kornblau SM. Recognition of Recurrent Protein Expression Patterns in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Identified New Therapeutic Targets. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1275-1286. [PMID: 29669821 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in the genetic landscape of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) makes personalized medicine challenging. As genetic events are mediated by the expression and function of proteins, recognition of recurrent protein patterns could enable classification of pediatric AML patients and could reveal crucial protein dependencies. This could help to rationally select combinations of therapeutic targets. To determine whether protein expression levels could be clustered into functionally relevant groups, custom reverse-phase protein arrays were performed on pediatric AML (n = 95) and CD34+ normal bone marrow (n = 10) clinical specimens using 194 validated antibodies. To analyze proteins in the context of other proteins, all proteins were assembled into 31 protein functional groups (PFG). For each PFG, an optimal number of protein clusters was defined that represented distinct transition states. Block clustering analysis revealed strong correlations between various protein clusters and identified the existence of 12 protein constellations stratifying patients into 8 protein signatures. Signatures were correlated with therapeutic outcome, as well as certain laboratory and demographic characteristics. Comparison of acute lymphoblastic leukemia specimens from the same array and AML pediatric patient specimens demonstrated disease-specific signatures, but also identified the existence of shared constellations, suggesting joint protein deregulation between the diseases.Implication: Recognition of altered proteins in particular signatures suggests rational combinations of targets that could facilitate stratified targeted therapy. Mol Cancer Res; 16(8); 1275-86. ©2018 AACRSee related article by Hoff et al., p. 1263.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fieke W Hoff
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chenyue W Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Yihua Qiu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Suk-Young Yoo
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hasan Mahmud
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Eveline S J M de Bont
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Amina A Qutub
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Terzah M Horton
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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14
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Zeng Z, Wang RY, Qiu YH, Mak DH, Coombes K, Yoo SY, Zhang Q, Jessen K, Liu Y, Rommel C, Fruman DA, Kantarjian HM, Kornblau SM, Andreeff M, Konopleva M. MLN0128, a novel mTOR kinase inhibitor, disrupts survival signaling and triggers apoptosis in AML and AML stem/ progenitor cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55083-55097. [PMID: 27391151 PMCID: PMC5342403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
mTOR activation leads to enhanced survival signaling in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. The active-site mTOR inhibitors (asTORi) represent a promising new approach to targeting mTOR in AKT/mTOR signaling. MLN0128 is an orally-administered, second-generation asTORi, currently in clinical development. We examined the anti-leukemic effects and the mechanisms of action of MLN0128 in AML cell lines and primary samples, with a particular focus on its effect in AML stem/progenitor cells. MLN0128 inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in AML by attenuating the activity of mTOR complex 1 and 2. Using time-of-flight mass cytometry, we demonstrated that MLN0128 selectively targeted and functionally inhibited AML stem/progenitor cells with high AKT/mTOR signaling activity. Using the reverse-phase protein array technique, we measured expression and phosphorylation changes in response to MLN0128 in 151 proteins from 24 primary AML samples and identified several pro-survival pathways that antagonize MLN0128-induced cellular stress. A combined blockade of AKT/mTOR signaling and these pro-survival pathways facilitated AML cell killing. Our findings provide a rationale for the clinical use of MLN0128 to target AML and AML stem/progenitor cells, and support the use of combinatorial multi-targeted approaches in AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zeng
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rui-Yu Wang
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi Hua Qiu
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Duncan H Mak
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Coombes
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Suk Young Yoo
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katti Jessen
- Oncology-Rinat Research & Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Wellspring Bioscience, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - David A Fruman
- Institute for Immunology, and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hagop M Kantarjian
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Li B, He QY. Proteomic analysis of mitochondria: biological and clinical progresses in cancer. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:891-903. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1374180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Jentzsch M, Bill M, Nicolet D, Leiblein S, Schubert K, Pless M, Bergmann U, Wildenberger K, Schuhmann L, Cross M, Pönisch W, Franke GN, Vucinic V, Lange T, Behre G, Mrózek K, Bloomfield CD, Niederwieser D, Schwind S. Prognostic impact of the CD34+/CD38- cell burden in patients with acute myeloid leukemia receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Am J Hematol 2017; 92:388-396. [PMID: 28133783 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leukemia-initiating cells exist within the CD34+/CD38- cell compartment. They are assumed to be more resistant to chemotherapy, enriched in minimal residual disease cell populations, and responsible for relapse. Here we evaluated clinical and biological associations and the prognostic impact of a high diagnostic CD34+/CD38- cell burden in 169 AML patients receiving an allogeneic stem cell transplantation in complete remission. Here, the therapeutic approach is mainly based on immunological graft-versus-leukemia effects. Percentage of bone marrow CD34+/CD38- cell burden at diagnosis was measured using flow cytometry and was highly variable (median 0.5%, range 0%-89% of all mononuclear cells). A high CD34+/CD38- cell burden at diagnosis associated with worse genetic risk and secondary AML. Patients with a high CD34+/CD38- cell burden had shorter relapse-free and overall survival which may be mediated by residual leukemia-initiating cells in the CD34+/CD38- cell population, escaping the graft-versus-leukemia effect after allogeneic transplantation. Evaluating the CD34+/CD38- cell burden at diagnosis may help to identify patients at high risk of relapse after allogeneic transplantation. Further studies to understand leukemia-initiating cell biology and develop targeting therapies to improve outcomes of AML patients are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Jentzsch
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Marius Bill
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Deedra Nicolet
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Sabine Leiblein
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Karoline Schubert
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Martina Pless
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Ulrike Bergmann
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Kathrin Wildenberger
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Luba Schuhmann
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Michael Cross
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Wolfram Pönisch
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Georg-Nikolaus Franke
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Vladan Vucinic
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Thoralf Lange
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Gerhard Behre
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Krzysztof Mrózek
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus Ohio USA
| | | | - Dietger Niederwieser
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - Sebastian Schwind
- Department of Hematology; Oncology and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
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17
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Carter BZ, Mak PY, Wang X, Yang H, Garcia-Manero G, Mak DH, Mu H, Ruvolo VR, Qiu Y, Coombes K, Zhang N, Ragon B, Weaver DT, Pachter JA, Kornblau S, Andreeff M. Focal Adhesion Kinase as a Potential Target in AML and MDS. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1133-1144. [PMID: 28270436 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although overexpression/activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is widely known in solid tumors to control cell growth, survival, invasion, metastasis, gene expression, and stem cell self-renewal, its expression and function in myeloid leukemia are not well investigated. Using reverse-phase protein arrays in large cohorts of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myeloid dysplastic syndrome (MDS) samples, we found that high FAK expression was associated with unfavorable cytogenetics (P = 2 × 10-4) and relapse (P = 0.02) in AML. FAK expression was significantly lower in patients with FLT3-ITD (P = 0.0024) or RAS (P = 0.05) mutations and strongly correlated with p-SRC and integrinβ3 levels. FAK protein levels were significantly higher in CD34+ (P = 5.42 × 10-20) and CD34+CD38- MDS (P = 7.62 × 10-9) cells compared with normal CD34+ cells. MDS patients with higher FAK in CD34+ cells tended to have better overall survival (P = 0.05). FAK expression was significantly higher in MDS patients who later transformed to compared with those who did not transform to AML and in AML patients who transformed from MDS compared with those with de novo AML. Coculture with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) increased FAK expression in AML cells. Inhibition of FAK decreased MSC-mediated adhesion/migration and viability of AML cells and prolonged survival in an AML xenograft murine model. Our results suggest that FAK regulates leukemia-stromal interactions and supports leukemia cell survival; hence, FAK is a potential therapeutic target in myeloid leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(6); 1133-44. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Z Carter
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Po Yee Mak
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiangmeng Wang
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui Yang
- Section of Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guillermo Garcia-Manero
- Section of Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Duncan H Mak
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hong Mu
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vivian R Ruvolo
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yihua Qiu
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kevin Coombes
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Brittany Ragon
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Steven Kornblau
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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18
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Nishida Y, Maeda A, Kim MJ, Cao L, Kubota Y, Ishizawa J, AlRawi A, Kato Y, Iwama A, Fujisawa M, Matsue K, Weetall M, Dumble M, Andreeff M, Davis TW, Branstrom A, Kimura S, Kojima K. The novel BMI-1 inhibitor PTC596 downregulates MCL-1 and induces p53-independent mitochondrial apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia progenitor cells. Blood Cancer J 2017; 7:e527. [PMID: 28211885 PMCID: PMC5386342 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease recurrence is the major problem in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Relapse is driven by leukemia stem cells, a chemoresistant subpopulation capable of re-establishing disease. Patients with p53 mutant AML are at an extremely high risk of relapse. B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI-1) is required for the self-renewal and maintenance of AML stem cells. Here we studied the effects of a novel small molecule inhibitor of BMI-1, PTC596, in AML cells. Treatment with PTC596 reduced MCL-1 expression and triggered several molecular events consistent with induction of mitochondrial apoptosis: loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, BAX conformational change, caspase-3 cleavage and phosphatidylserine externalization. PTC596 induced apoptosis in a p53-independent manner. PTC596 induced apoptosis along with the reduction of MCL-1 and phosphorylated AKT in patient-derived CD34+CD38low/− stem/progenitor cells. Mouse xenograft models demonstrated in vivo anti-leukemia activity of PTC596, which inhibited leukemia cell growth in vivo while sparing normal hematopoietic cells. Our results indicate that PTC596 deserves further evaluation in clinical trials for refractory or relapsed AML patients, especially for those with unfavorable complex karyotype or therapy-related AML that are frequently associated with p53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishida
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - A Maeda
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - M J Kim
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | - L Cao
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | - Y Kubota
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - J Ishizawa
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A AlRawi
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Kato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - A Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Fujisawa
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - K Matsue
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - M Weetall
- PTC Therapeutics, South Plainfield, NJ, USA
| | - M Dumble
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - M Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T W Davis
- PMV Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cranbury, NJ, USA
| | | | - S Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - K Kojima
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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19
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Ding Y, Gao H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Vasdev N, Gao Y, Chen Y, Zhang Q. Alantolactone selectively ablates acute myeloid leukemia stem and progenitor cells. J Hematol Oncol 2016; 9:93. [PMID: 27658462 PMCID: PMC5034521 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poor outcomes for patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are largely attributed to leukemia stem cells (LSCs) which are difficult to eliminate with conventional therapy and responsible for relapse. Thus, new therapeutic strategies which could selectively target LSCs in clinical leukemia treatment and avoid drug resistance are urgently needed. However, only a few small molecules have been reported to show anti-LSCs activity. METHODS The aim of the present study was to identify alantolactone as novel agent that can ablate acute myeloid leukemia stem and progenitor cells from AML patient specimens and evaluate the anticancer activity of alantolactone in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The present study is the first to demonstrate that alantolactone, a prominent eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactone, could specifically ablate LSCs from AML patient specimens. Furthermore, in comparison to the conventional chemotherapy drug, cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), alantolactone showed superior effects of leukemia cytotoxicity while sparing normal hematopoietic cells. Alantolactone induced apoptosis with a dose-dependent manner by suppression of NF-kB and its downstream target proteins. DMA-alantolactone, a water-soluble prodrug of alantolactone, could suppress tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we propose that alantolactone may represent a novel LSCs-targeted therapy and eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactones offer a new scaffold for drug discovery towards anti-LSCs agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Huier Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yingdai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China.
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Uludağ H, Landry B, Valencia-Serna J, Remant-Bahadur K, Meneksedağ-Erol D. Current attempts to implement siRNA-based RNAi in leukemia models. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1412-1420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Phosphoproteomic profiling of mouse primary HSPCs reveals new regulators of HSPC mobilization. Blood 2016; 128:1465-74. [PMID: 27365422 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-05-711424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a central mechanism of signal transduction that both positively and negatively regulates protein function. Large-scale studies of the dynamic phosphorylation states of cell signaling systems have been applied extensively in cell lines and whole tissues to reveal critical regulatory networks, and candidate-based evaluations of phosphorylation in rare cell populations have also been informative. However, application of comprehensive profiling technologies to adult stem cell and progenitor populations has been challenging, due in large part to the scarcity of such cells in adult tissues. Here, we combine multicolor flow cytometry with highly efficient 3-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to enable quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis from 200 000 highly purified primary mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Using this platform, we identify ARHGAP25 as a novel regulator of HSPC mobilization and demonstrate that ARHGAP25 phosphorylation at serine 363 is an important modulator of its function. Our approach provides a robust platform for large-scale phosphoproteomic analyses performed with limited numbers of rare progenitor cells. Data from our study comprises a new resource for understanding the molecular signaling networks that underlie hematopoietic stem cell mobilization.
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Evidence that high-migration drug-surviving MOLT4 leukemia cells exhibit cancer stem cell-like properties. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:343-51. [PMID: 27210806 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia represents a spectrum of hematological malignancies threatening human health. Resistance to treatments and metastasis of leukemia are the main causes of death in patients. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are the initiating cells of leukemia as well as the main source of drug resistance, invasion and metastasis. Consequently, eliminating LSCs is a prerequisite to eradicate leukemia. Preliminary studies in our laboratory have shown that chemokines and their related receptors play an important role in the drug resistance and metastasis of leukemic cells. In this study, we obtained high migration drug-surviving (short term) MOLT4 cells (hMDSCs-MOLT4) with treatment of doxorubicin (DOX) after Transwell assay. Then we detected stem cell-associated molecular markers on hMDSCs-MOLT4 cells and the parental MOLT4 cells by FCM, QPCR, western blotting, H&E staining and immunohisto-chemistry experimental techniques in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we explored its impact on drug resistance and tumor formation. Then we found that compared with the parental MOLT4 cells, the mRNA expression levels of stem cell-related factors Sox2, Oct4, C-myc, Klf4, Nanog, Bmi-1, CXCR4 are increased in hMDSCs-MOLT4 cells, together with the protein expression levels of Sox2, Oct4, Klf4, Nanog, CXCR4 and CD34. Our results indicated that hMDSCs-MOLT4 cells exhibited strong drug resistance and certain cancer stem cell-like characteristics. It is the first indication that the targeting stemness factors such as Sox2, Oct4, Klf4, Nanog and CXCR4 may represent plausible options for eliminating T-ALL stem-like cells. The present findings shed light on the relationship between drug-tolerant leukemic cells and cancer stem cells.
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Aasebø E, Forthun RB, Berven F, Selheim F, Hernandez-Valladares M. Global Cell Proteome Profiling, Phospho-signaling and Quantitative Proteomics for Identification of New Biomarkers in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2016; 17:52-70. [PMID: 26306748 PMCID: PMC5388801 DOI: 10.2174/1389201016666150826115626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The identification of protein biomarkers for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that could find applications in AML diagnosis and prognosis, treatment and the selection for bone marrow transplant requires substantial comparative analyses of the proteomes from AML patients. In the past years, several studies have suggested some biomarkers for AML diagnosis or AML classification using methods for sample preparation with low proteome coverage and low resolution mass spectrometers. However, most of the studies did not follow up, confirm or validate their candidates with more patient samples. Current proteomics methods, new high resolution and fast mass spectrometers allow the identification and quantification of several thousands of proteins obtained from few tens of μg of AML cell lysate. Enrichment methods for posttranslational modifications (PTM), such as phosphorylation, can isolate several thousands of site-specific phosphorylated peptides from AML patient samples, which subsequently can be quantified with high confidence in new mass spectrometers. While recent reports aiming to propose proteomic or phosphoproteomic biomarkers on the studied AML patient samples have taken advantage of the technological progress, the access to large cohorts of AML patients to sample from and the availability of appropriate control samples still remain challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Hernandez-Valladares
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Building for Basic Biology, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway.
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Tian C, You MJ, Yu Y, Zhu L, Zheng G, Zhang Y. MicroRNA-9 promotes proliferation of leukemia cells in adult CD34-positive acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype by downregulation of Hes1. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7461-71. [PMID: 26678889 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancies sustained by leukemic stem cells (LSCs) that can resist treatment. Previously, we found that low expression of Hes1 was a poor prognostic factor for AML. However, the activation status of Hes1 and its regulation in LSCs and leukemic progenitors (LPs) as well as normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in Hes1-low AML patients have not been elucidated. In this study, the expression of Hes1 in LSCs and LPs was analyzed in adult CD34(+) Hes1-low AML with normal karyotype and the upstream microRNA (miRNA) regulators were screened. Our results showed that the level of either Hes1 or p21 was lower in LSCs or LPs than in HSCs whereas the level of miR-9 was highest in LPs and lowest in HSCs. An inverse correlation was observed in the expression of Hes1 and miR-9. Furthermore, we validated miR-9 as one of the regulators of Hes1 by reporter gene analysis. Knockdown of miR-9 by lentivirus infection suppressed the proliferation of AML cells by the induction of G0 arrest and apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, knockdown of miR-9 resulted in decreased circulating leukemic cell counts in peripheral blood and bone marrow, attenuated splenomegaly, and prolonged survival in a xenotransplant mouse model. Our results indicate that the miR-9 plays an important role in supporting AML cell growth and survival by downregulation of Hes1 and that miR-9 has potential as a therapeutic target for treating AML.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Proliferation
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Karyotype
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription Factor HES-1/genetics
- Transcription Factor HES-1/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tian
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - M James You
- Department of Hematopathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoguang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yizhuo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
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Fredolini C, Byström S, Pin E, Edfors F, Tamburro D, Iglesias MJ, Häggmark A, Hong MG, Uhlen M, Nilsson P, Schwenk JM. Immunocapture strategies in translational proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 13:83-98. [PMID: 26558424 PMCID: PMC4732419 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1111141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at clinical studies of human diseases, antibody-assisted assays have been applied to biomarker discovery and toward a streamlined translation from patient profiling to assays supporting personalized treatments. In recent years, integrated strategies to couple and combine antibodies with mass spectrometry-based proteomic efforts have emerged, allowing for novel possibilities in basic and clinical research. Described in this review are some of the field's current and emerging immunocapture approaches from an affinity proteomics perspective. Discussed are some of their advantages, pitfalls and opportunities for the next phase in clinical and translational proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fredolini
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sanna Byström
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Elisa Pin
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Edfors
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Davide Tamburro
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Clinical Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, SciLifeLab, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Maria Jesus Iglesias
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anna Häggmark
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mun-Gwan Hong
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
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26
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Ruvolo PP, Qiu Y, Coombes KR, Zhang N, Neeley ES, Ruvolo VR, Hail N, Borthakur G, Konopleva M, Andreeff M, Kornblau SM. Phosphorylation of GSK3α/β correlates with activation of AKT and is prognostic for poor overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia patients. BBA CLINICAL 2015; 4:59-68. [PMID: 26674329 PMCID: PMC4661707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with highly active AKT tend to do poorly. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis are tightly regulated by AKT via phosphorylation of GSK3α and β isoforms which inactivates these kinases. In the current study we examine the prognostic role of AKT mediated GSK3 phosphorylation in AML. Methods We analyzed GSK3α/β phosphorylation by reverse phase protein analysis (RPPA) in a cohort of 511 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Levels of phosphorylated GSK3 were correlated with patient characteristics including survival and with expression of other proteins important in AML cell survival. Results High levels of p-GSK3α/β correlated with adverse overall survival and a lower incidence of complete remission duration in patients with intermediate cytogenetics, but not in those with unfavorable cytogenetics. Intermediate cytogenetic patients with FLT3 mutation also fared better respectively when p-GSK3α/β levels were lower. Phosphorylated GSK3α/β expression was compared and contrasted with that of 229 related cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis proteins. Consistent with p-GSK3α/β as an indicator of AKT activation, RPPA revealed that p-GSK3α/β positively correlated with phosphorylation of AKT, BAD, and P70S6K, and negatively correlated with β-catenin and FOXO3A. PKCδ also positively correlated with p-GSK3α/β expression, suggesting crosstalk between the AKT and PKC signaling pathways in AML cells. Conclusions These findings suggest that AKT-mediated phosphorylation of GSK3α/β may be beneficial to AML cell survival, and hence detrimental to the overall survival of AML patients. Intrinsically, p-GSK3α/β may serve as an important adverse prognostic factor for a subset of AML patients. Phospho-GSK3 is prognostic for poor survival in a subset of AML patients. Phospho-GSK3 is a biomarker for active AKT in AML. AKT is a PKCδ kinase in AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P. Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Leukemia, Unit 448, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
| | - YiHua Qiu
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Kevin R. Coombes
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Nianxiang Zhang
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - E. Shannon Neeley
- Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Vivian R. Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Numsen Hail
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Steven M. Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Corresponding authors at: Department of Leukemia, Unit 448, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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27
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Inhibition of Mcl-1 with the pan-Bcl-2 family inhibitor (-)BI97D6 overcomes ABT-737 resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2015; 126:363-72. [PMID: 26045609 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-10-604975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1 is widely associated with tumor initiation, progression, and chemoresistance. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that Mcl-1 upregulation renders several types of cancers resistant to the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitors ABT-737 and ABT-263. The emerging importance of Mcl-1 in pathogenesis and drug resistance makes it a high-priority therapeutic target. In this study, we showed that inhibition of Mcl-1 with a novel pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor (-)BI97D6 potently induced apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. (-)BI97D6 induced hallmarks of mitochondrial apoptosis, disrupted Mcl-1/Bim and Bcl-2/Bax interactions, and stimulated cell death via the Bak/Bax-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, suggesting on-target mechanisms. As a single agent, this pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor effectively overcame AML cell apoptosis resistance mediated by Mcl-1 or by interactions with bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. (-)BI97D6 was also potent in killing refractory primary AML cells. Importantly, (-)BI97D6 killed AML leukemia stem/progenitor cells while largely sparing normal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. These findings demonstrate that pan-Bcl-2 inhibition by an Mcl-1-targeting inhibitor not only overcomes intrinsic drug resistance ensuing from functional redundancy of Bcl-2 proteins, but also abrogates extrinsic resistance caused by the protective tumor microenvironment.
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28
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Leukemic progenitor cells are susceptible to targeting by stimulated cytotoxic T cells against immunogenic leukemia-associated antigens. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2083-92. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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29
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Han L, Qiu P, Zeng Z, Jorgensen JL, Mak DH, Burks JK, Schober W, McQueen TJ, Cortes J, Tanner SD, Roboz GJ, Kantarjian HM, Kornblau SM, Guzman ML, Andreeff M, Konopleva M. Single-cell mass cytometry reveals intracellular survival/proliferative signaling in FLT3-ITD-mutated AML stem/progenitor cells. Cytometry A 2015; 87:346-56. [PMID: 25598437 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the unique phenotypes and complex signaling pathways of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) will provide insights and druggable targets that can be used to eradicate acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Current work on AML LSCs is limited by the number of parameters that conventional flow cytometry (FCM) can analyze because of cell autofluorescence and fluorescent dye spectral overlap. Single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) substitutes rare earth elements for fluorophores to label antibodies, which allows measurements of up to 120 parameters in single cells without correction for spectral overlap. The aim of this study was the evaluation of intracellular signaling in antigen-defined stem/progenitor cell subsets in primary AML. CyTOF and conventional FCM yielded comparable results on LSC phenotypes defined by CD45, CD34, CD38, CD123, and CD99. Intracellular phosphoprotein responses to ex vivo cell signaling inhibitors and cytokine stimulation were assessed in myeloid leukemia cell lines and one primary AML sample. CyTOF and conventional FCM results were confirmed by western blotting. In the primary AML sample, we investigated the cell responses to ex vivo stimulation with stem cell factor and BEZ235-induced inhibition of PI3K and identified activation patterns in multiple PI3K downstream signaling pathways including p-4EBP1, p-AKT, and p-S6, particularly in CD34(+) subsets. We evaluated multiple signaling pathways in antigen-defined subpopulations in primary AML cells with FLT3-ITD mutations. The data demonstrated the heterogeneity of cell phenotype distribution and distinct patterns of signaling activation across AML samples and between AML and normal samples. The mTOR targets p-4EBP1 and p-S6 were exclusively found in FLT3-ITD stem/progenitor cells, but not in their normal counterparts, suggesting both as novel targets in FLT3 mutated AML. Our data suggest that CyTOF can identify functional signaling pathways in antigen-defined subpopulations in primary AML, which may provide a rationale for designing therapeutics targeting LSC-enriched cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Han
- Department of Leukemia, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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STAT activation status differentiates leukemogenic from non-leukemogenic stem cells in AML and is suppressed by arsenic in t(6;9)-positive AML. Genes Cancer 2015; 5:378-92. [PMID: 25568664 PMCID: PMC4279436 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by an aberrant self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and a block in differentiation. The major therapeutic challenge is the characterization of the leukemic stem cell as a target for the eradication of the disease. Until now the biology of AML-associated fusion proteins (AAFPs), such as the t(15;17)-PML/RARα, t(8;21)-RUNX1/RUNX1T1 and t(6;9)-DEK/NUP214, all able to induce AML in mice, was investigated in different models and genetic backgrounds, not directly comparable to each other. To avoid the bias of different techniques and models we expressed these three AML-inducing oncogenes in an identical genetic background and compared their influence on the HSC compartment in vitro and in vivo. These AAFPs exerted differential effects on HSCs and PML/RARα, similar to DEK/NUP214, induced a leukemic phenotype from a small subpopulation of HSCs with a surface marker pattern of long-term HSC and characterized by activated STAT3 and 5. In contrast the established AML occurred from mature populations in the bone marrow. The activation of STAT5 by PML/RARα and DEK/NUP214 was confirmed in t(15;17)(PML/RARα) and t(6;9)(DEK/NUP214)-positive patients as compared to normal CD34+ cells. The activation of STAT5 was reduced upon the exposure to Arsenic which was accompanied by apoptosis in both PML/RARα- and DEK/NUP214-positive leukemic cells. These findings indicate that in AML the activation of STATs plays a decisive role in the biology of the leukemic stem cell. Furthermore we establish exposure to arsenic as a novel concept for the treatment of this high risk t(6;9)-positive AML.
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31
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Progress in RNAi-mediated Molecular Therapy of Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 4:e240. [DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Araujo TDO, Costa LT, Fernandes J, Aucélio RQ, de Campos RC. Biomarkers to assess the efficiency of treatment with platinum-based drugs: what can metallomics add? Metallomics 2014; 6:2176-88. [PMID: 25387565 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00192c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since the approval of cisplatin as an antineoplastic drug, the medical and the scientific communities have been concerned about the side effects of platinum-based drugs, and this has been the dose-limiting factor that leads to reduced treatment efficiency. Another important issue is the intrinsic or acquired resistance of some patients to treatment. Identifying proper biomarkers is crucial in evaluating the efficiency of a treatment, assisting physicians in determining, at early stages, whether or not the patient presents resistance to the drug, minimizing severe side effects, and allowing them to redirect the established course of chemotherapy. A great effort is being made to identify biomarkers that can be used to predict the outcome of the treatment of cancer patients with platinum-based drugs. In this context, the metallomic approach has not yet been used to its full potential. Since the basis of these drugs is platinum, the monitoring of biomarkers containing this metal should be the natural approach to evaluate treatment progress. This review intends to show where the research in this field stands and points out some gaps that can be filled by metallomics.
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Nieborowska-Skorska M, Flis S, Skorski T. AKT-induced reactive oxygen species generate imatinib-resistant clones emerging from chronic myeloid leukemia progenitor cells. Leukemia 2014; 28:2416-8. [PMID: 25151958 PMCID: PMC4262587 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Nieborowska-Skorska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Flis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T Skorski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Sabnis H, Bradley HL, Bunting ST, Cooper TM, Bunting KD. Capillary nano-immunoassay for Akt 1/2/3 and 4EBP1 phosphorylation in acute myeloid leukemia. J Transl Med 2014; 12:166. [PMID: 24923301 PMCID: PMC4080754 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overall cure rates in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) continue to range between 60-65% with disease relapse being a major cause of mortality. The PI3K-Akt-mTOR kinase pathway plays a vital role in pro-survival signals within leukemic cells and inhibition of this pathway is being investigated to improve patient outcomes. Tracking activation of multiple signaling proteins simultaneously in patient samples can be challenging especially with limiting cell numbers within rare sub-populations. Methods The NanoPro 1000 system (ProteinSimple) is built on an automated, capillary-based immunoassay platform and enables a rapid and quantitative analysis of specific proteins and their phosphorylation states. We have utilized this nano-immunoassay to examine activation of Akt 1/2/3 and downstream mTOR target - eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-Binding Protein 1 (4EBP1). Results Assays for Akt 1/2/3 and 4EBP1 were standardized using AML cell lines (MV4-11, MOLM-14, OCI-AML3 and HL-60) prior to testing in patient samples. Target inhibition was studied using mTOR 1/2 inhibitor AZD-8055 and results were corroborated by Western blotting. The assay was able to quantify nanogram amounts of 4EBP1 and Akt 1/2/3 in AML cell lines and primary pediatric AML samples and results were quantifiable, consistent and reproducible. Conclusion Our data provides a strong basis for testing this platform on a larger scale and our long term aim is to utilize this nano-immunoassay prospectively in de-novo AML to be able to identify poor responders who might benefit from early introduction of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kevin D Bunting
- Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Dorritie KA, Redner RL, Johnson DE. STAT transcription factors in normal and cancer stem cells. Adv Biol Regul 2014; 56:30-44. [PMID: 24931719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STATs) play vital roles in the regulation of cellular proliferation and survival in normal hematopoietic cells, including hematopoietic stem cells. However, aberrant activation of STATs is commonly observed in a number of hematologic malignancies, and recent studies indicate that targeting of STATs may have therapeutic benefit in these diseases. Additional studies have provided greater understanding of the cells responsible for leukemia initiation, referred to as leukemia stem cells. Emerging evidence indicates that STATs are important in maintaining leukemia stem cells and represent a promising target for eradication of this dangerous cell population. Here we summarize what is known about normal hematopoietic stem cells and the origin of leukemic stem cells. We further describe the roles of STAT proteins in these cell populations, as well as current progress toward the development of novel agents and strategies for targeting the STAT proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Dorritie
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Robert L Redner
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E Johnson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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