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Kleinbongard P, Senyo SE, Lindsey ML, Garvin AM, Simpson JA, de Castro Braz LE. Cardiac fibroblasts: answering the call. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H681-H686. [PMID: 39093000 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00478.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts play a pivotal role in maintaining heart homeostasis by depositing extracellular matrix (ECM) to provide structural support for the myocardium, vasculature, and neuronal network and by contributing to essential physiological processes. In response to injury such as myocardial infarction or pressure overload, fibroblasts become activated, leading to increased ECM production that can ultimately drive left ventricular remodeling and progress to heart failure. Recently, the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology issued a call for papers on cardiac fibroblasts that yielded articles with topics spanning fibroblast physiology, technical considerations, signaling pathways, and interactions with other cell types. This mini-review summarizes those articles and places the new findings in the context of what is currently known for cardiac fibroblasts and what future directions remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Samuel E Senyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Alexandra M Garvin
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jeremy A Simpson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Braz
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
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Garvin AM, Katwa LC. Primary cardiac fibroblast cell culture: methodological considerations for physiologically relevant conditions. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H869-H881. [PMID: 37624100 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00224.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Primary cardiac fibroblast (CF) tissue culture is a necessary tool for interrogating specific signaling mechanisms that dictate the phenotypic heterogeneity observed in vivo in different disease states. Traditional approaches that use tissue culture plastic and nutrient-rich medium have been shown to induce CF activation and, therefore, alter CF subpopulation composition. This shift away from in vivo phenotypes complicate the interpretation of results through the lens of the animal model. As the field works to identify CF diversity, these methodological flaws have begun to be addressed and more studies are focused on the dynamic interaction of CFs with their environment. This review focuses on the aspects of tissue culture that impact CF activation and, therefore, require consideration when designing in vitro experiments. The complexity of CF biology overlaid onto diverse model systems highlight the need for study-specific optimization and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Garvin
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Laxmansa C Katwa
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
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Ham SM, Song MJ, Yoon HS, Lee DH, Chung JH, Lee ST. SPARC Is Highly Expressed in Young Skin and Promotes Extracellular Matrix Integrity in Fibroblasts via the TGF-β Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12179. [PMID: 37569556 PMCID: PMC10419001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The matricellular secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC; also known as osteonectin), is involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, cell-ECM interactions, and bone mineralization. We found decreased SPARC expression in aged skin. Incubating foreskin fibroblasts with recombinant human SPARC led to increased type I collagen production and decreased matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) secretion at the protein and mRNA levels. In a three-dimensional culture of foreskin fibroblasts mimicking the dermis, SPARC significantly increased the synthesis of type I collagen and decreased its degradation. In addition, SPARC also induced receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) phosphorylation. An inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) receptor type 1 reversed the SPARC-induced increase in type I collagen and decrease in MMP-1, and decreased SPARC-induced R-SMAD phosphorylation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that SPARC modulated expression of genes involved in ECM synthesis and regulation in fibroblasts. RT-qPCR confirmed that a subset of differentially expressed genes is induced by SPARC. These results indicated that SPARC enhanced ECM integrity by activating the TGF-β signaling pathway in fibroblasts. We inferred that the decline in SPARC expression in aged skin contributes to process of skin aging by negatively affecting ECM integrity in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Ham
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Ji Song
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (M.J.S.); (H.-S.Y.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (M.J.S.); (H.-S.Y.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (M.J.S.); (H.-S.Y.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (M.J.S.); (H.-S.Y.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Taek Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
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Zhang Y, Van Laer AO, Baicu CF, Neff LS, Hoffman S, Katz MR, Zeigler SM, Zile MR, Bradshaw AD. Phenotypic characterization of primary cardiac fibroblasts from patients with HFpEF. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262479. [PMID: 35015787 PMCID: PMC8752005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of hospitalizations and mortality worldwide. Heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents a significant clinical challenge due to the lack of available treatment modalities for patients diagnosed with HFpEF. One symptom of HFpEF is impaired diastolic function that is associated with increases in left ventricular stiffness. Increases in myocardial fibrillar collagen content is one factor contributing to increases in myocardial stiffness. Cardiac fibroblasts are the primary cell type that produce fibrillar collagen in the heart. However, relatively little is known regarding phenotypic changes in cardiac fibroblasts in HFpEF myocardium. In the current study, cardiac fibroblasts were established from left ventricular epicardial biopsies obtained from patients undergoing cardiovascular interventions and divided into three categories: Referent control, hypertension without a heart failure designation (HTN (-) HFpEF), and hypertension with heart failure (HTN (+) HFpEF). Biopsies were evaluated for cardiac myocyte cross-sectional area (CSA) and collagen volume fraction. Primary fibroblast cultures were assessed for differences in proliferation and protein expression of collagen I, Membrane Type 1-Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), and α smooth muscle actin (αSMA). Biopsies from HTN (-) HFpEF and HTN (+) HFpEF exhibited increases in myocyte CSA over referent control although only HTN (+) HFpEF exhibited significant increases in fibrillar collagen content. No significant changes in proliferation or αSMA was detected in HTN (-) HFpEF or HTN (+) HFpEF cultures versus referent control. Significant increases in production of collagen I was detected in HF (-) HFpEF fibroblasts, whereas significant decreases in MT1-MMP levels were measured in HTN (+) HFpEF cells. We conclude that epicardial biopsies provide a viable source for primary fibroblast cultures and that phenotypic differences are demonstrated by HTN (-) HFpEF and HTN (+) HFpEF cells versus referent control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - An O. Van Laer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Catalin F. Baicu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lily S. Neff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stanley Hoffman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Marc R. Katz
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sanford M. Zeigler
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Zile
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amy D. Bradshaw
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
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Bacakova M, Pajorova J, Stranska D, Hadraba D, Lopot F, Riedel T, Brynda E, Zaloudkova M, Bacakova L. Protein nanocoatings on synthetic polymeric nanofibrous membranes designed as carriers for skin cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1143-1160. [PMID: 28223803 PMCID: PMC5310638 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s121299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-coated resorbable synthetic polymeric nanofibrous membranes are promising for the fabrication of advanced skin substitutes. We fabricated electrospun polylactic acid and poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) nanofibrous membranes and coated them with fibrin or collagen I. Fibronectin was attached to a fibrin or collagen nanocoating, in order further to enhance the cell adhesion and spreading. Fibrin regularly formed a coating around individual nanofibers in the membranes, and also formed a thin noncontinuous nanofibrous mesh on top of the membranes. Collagen also coated most of the fibers of the membrane and randomly created a soft gel on the membrane surface. Fibronectin predominantly adsorbed onto a thin fibrin mesh or a collagen gel, and formed a thin nanofibrous structure. Fibrin nanocoating greatly improved the attachment, spreading, and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts, whereas collagen nanocoating had a positive influence on the behavior of human HaCaT keratinocytes. In addition, fibrin stimulated the fibroblasts to synthesize fibronectin and to deposit it as an extracellular matrix. Fibrin coating also showed a tendency to improve the ultimate tensile strength of the nanofibrous membranes. Fibronectin attached to fibrin or to a collagen coating further enhanced the adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of both cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Bacakova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague
| | - Julia Pajorova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague
| | | | - Daniel Hadraba
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences; Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University
| | - Frantisek Lopot
- Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University
| | - Tomas Riedel
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Biointerfaces, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
| | - Eduard Brynda
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Surfaces and Biointerfaces, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
| | - Margit Zaloudkova
- Department of Composites and Carbon Materials, Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bacakova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences
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Zöller N, König A, Butting M, Kaufmann R, Bernd A, Valesky E, Kippenberger S. Water-filtered near-infrared influences collagen synthesis of keloid-fibroblasts in contrast to normal foreskin fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 163:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Cowling RT. The aging heart, endothelin-1 and the senescent cardiac fibroblast. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 81:12-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Roche PL, Filomeno KL, Bagchi RA, Czubryt MP. Intracellular Signaling of Cardiac Fibroblasts. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:721-60. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Goldsmith EC, Bradshaw AD, Zile MR, Spinale FG. Myocardial fibroblast-matrix interactions and potential therapeutic targets. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 70:92-9. [PMID: 24472826 PMCID: PMC4005609 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic structure, adapting to physiological and pathological stresses placed on the myocardium. Deposition and organization of the matrix fall under the purview of cardiac fibroblasts. While often overlooked compared to myocytes, fibroblasts play a critical role in maintaining ECM homeostasis under normal conditions and in response to pathological stimuli assume an activated, myofibroblast phenotype associated with excessive collagen accumulation contributing to impaired cardiac function. Complete appreciation of fibroblast function is hampered by the lack of fibroblast-specific reagents and the heterogeneity of fibroblast precursors. This is further complicated by our ability to dissect the role of myofibroblasts versus fibroblasts in myocardial in remodeling. This review highlights critical points in the regulation of collagen deposition by fibroblasts, the current panel of molecular tools used to identify fibroblasts and the role of fibroblast-matrix interactions in fibroblast function and differentiation into the myofibroblast phenotype. The clinical potential of exploiting differences between fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and using them to target specific fibroblast populations is also discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Myocyte-Fibroblast Signalling in Myocardium."
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Affiliation(s)
- Edie C Goldsmith
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Amy D Bradshaw
- Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michael R Zile
- Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Francis G Spinale
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, USA; Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, USA; WJB Dorn Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, SC, USA
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