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Jiang MJ, Lin CJ, Liu FR, Mei Z, Gu DN, Tian L. Pancreatic cancer cells hijack tumor suppressive microRNA-26a to promote radioresistance and potentiate tumor repopulation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31346. [PMID: 38807872 PMCID: PMC11130661 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers with significant radioresistance and tumor repopulation after radiotherapy. As a type of short non-coding RNA that regulate various biological and pathological processes, miRNAs might play vital role in radioresistance. We found by miRNA sequencing that microRNA-26a (miR-26a) was upregulated in pancreatic cancer cells after radiation, and returned to normal state after a certain time. miR-26a was defined as a tumor suppressive miRNA by conventional tumor biology experiments. However, transient upregulation of miR-26a after radiation significantly promoted radioresistance, while stable overexpression inhibited radioresistance, highlighting the importance of molecular dynamic changes after treatment. Mechanically, transient upregulation of miR-26a promoted cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair to promote radioresistance. Further experiments confirmed HMGA2 as the direct functional target, which is an oncogene but enhances radiosensitivity. Moreover, PTGS2 was also the target of miR-26a, which might potentiate tumor repopulation via delaying the synthesis of PGE2. Overall, this study revealed that transient upregulation of miR-26a after radiation promoted radioresistance and potentiated tumor repopulation, highlighting the importance of dynamic changes of molecules upon radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-jie Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chen-jing Lin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fu-rao Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhu Mei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Dian-na Gu
- Department of Chemotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
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Menjivar NG, Oropallo J, Gebremedhn S, Souza LA, Gad A, Puttlitz CM, Tesfaye D. MicroRNA Nano-Shuttles: Engineering Extracellular Vesicles as a Cutting-Edge Biotechnology Platform for Clinical Use in Therapeutics. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:14. [PMID: 38773366 PMCID: PMC11106895 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous transporters of various active biomolecules with inflicting phenotypic capabilities, that are naturally secreted by almost all cells with a promising vantage point as a potential leading drug delivery platform. The intrinsic characteristics of their low toxicity, superior structural stability, and cargo loading capacity continue to fuel a multitude of research avenues dedicated to loading EVs with therapeutic and diagnostic cargos (pharmaceutical compounds, nucleic acids, proteins, and nanomaterials) in attempts to generate superior natural nanoscale delivery systems for clinical application in therapeutics. In addition to their well-known role in intercellular communication, EVs harbor microRNAs (miRNAs), which can alter the translational potential of receiving cells and thus act as important mediators in numerous biological and pathological processes. To leverage this potential, EVs can be structurally engineered to shuttle therapeutic miRNAs to diseased recipient cells as a potential targeted 'treatment' or 'therapy'. Herein, this review focuses on the therapeutic potential of EV-coupled miRNAs; summarizing the biogenesis, contents, and function of EVs, as well as providing both a comprehensive discussion of current EV loading techniques and an update on miRNA-engineered EVs as a next-generation platform piloting benchtop studies to propel potential clinical translation on the forefront of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico G Menjivar
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jaiden Oropallo
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory (OBRL), Translational Medicine Institute (TMI), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Orthopaedic Research Center (ORC), Translational Medicine Institute (TMI), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Samuel Gebremedhn
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- J.R. Simplot Company, 1099 W. Front St, Boise, ID, 83702, USA
| | - Luca A Souza
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, 225 Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Ahmed Gad
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Christian M Puttlitz
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory (OBRL), Translational Medicine Institute (TMI), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
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Cardona E, Milhade L, Pourtau A, Panserat S, Terrier F, Lanuque A, Roy J, Marandel L, Bobe J, Skiba-Cassy S. Tissue origin of circulating microRNAs and their response to nutritional and environmental stress in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158584. [PMID: 36087674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stresses associated with changes in diet or environmental disturbances are common situations that fish encounter during their lifetime. The stability and ease of measuring microRNAs (miRNAs) present in biological fluids make these molecules particularly interesting biomarkers for non-lethal assessment of stress in animals. Rainbow trout were exposed for four weeks to abiotic stress (moderate hypoxia) and/or nutritional stress (a high-carbohydrate/low-protein diet). Blood plasma and epidermal mucus were sampled at the end of the experiment, and miRNAs were assessed using small RNA sequencing. We identified four miRNAs (miR-122-5p, miR-184-3p, miR-192-5p and miR-194a-5p) and three miRNAs (miR-210-3p, miR-153a-3p and miR-218c-5p) that accumulated in response to stress in blood plasma and epidermal mucus, respectively. In particular, the abundance of miR-210-3p, a hypoxamiR in mammals, increased strongly in the epidermal mucus of rainbow trout subjected to moderate hypoxia, and can thus be considered a relevant biomarker of hypoxic stress in trout. We explored the contribution of 22 tissues/organs to the abundance of circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) in blood plasma and epidermal mucus influenced by the treatments. Some miRNAs were tissue-specific, while others were distributed among several tissues. Some c-miRNAs (e.g., miR-210-3p, miR184-3p) showed similar variations in both tissues and fluids, while others showed an inverse trend (e.g., miR-122-5p) or no apparent relationship (e.g. miR-192-5p, miR-194a-5p. Overall, these results demonstrate that c-miRNAs can be used as non-lethal biomarkers to study stress in fish. In particular, the upregulation of miR-210-3p in epidermal mucus induced by hypoxia demonstrates the potential of using epidermal mucus as a matrix for identifying non-invasive biomarkers of stress. This study provides information about the tissue sources of c-miRNAs and highlights the potential difficulty in relating variations in miRNA abundance in biological fluids to that in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Cardona
- INRAE, E2S UPPA, Nutrition Metabolism, Aquaculture, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, 64310 Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France; INRAE, UR1037 Fish Physiology and Genomic Laboratory, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Léo Milhade
- IRISA, INRIA, CNRS, University of Rennes 1, UMR 6074, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Angéline Pourtau
- INRAE, E2S UPPA, Nutrition Metabolism, Aquaculture, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, 64310 Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France; INRAE, Gip Geves St Martin 0652, F-40390 Saint-Martin-de-Hinx, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- INRAE, E2S UPPA, Nutrition Metabolism, Aquaculture, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, 64310 Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Fréderic Terrier
- INRAE, E2S UPPA, Nutrition Metabolism, Aquaculture, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, 64310 Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Anthony Lanuque
- INRAE, E2S UPPA, Nutrition Metabolism, Aquaculture, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, 64310 Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jérôme Roy
- INRAE, E2S UPPA, Nutrition Metabolism, Aquaculture, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, 64310 Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRAE, E2S UPPA, Nutrition Metabolism, Aquaculture, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, 64310 Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Julien Bobe
- INRAE, UR1037 Fish Physiology and Genomic Laboratory, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRAE, E2S UPPA, Nutrition Metabolism, Aquaculture, Univ. Pau & Pays Adour, 64310 Saint Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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Jain CK, Srivastava P, Pandey AK, Singh N, Kumar RS. miRNA therapeutics in precision oncology: a natural premium to nurture. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:511-532. [PMID: 36071981 PMCID: PMC9446160 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic spectrum of microRNA (miRNA) has grown significantly over the years with its identification and exploration in cancer therapeutics and is currently identified as an important resource for innovative strategies due to its functional behavior for gene regulation and modulation of complex biological networks. The progression of cancer is the consequence of uncontrolled, nonsynchronous procedural faults in the biological system. Diversified and variable cellular response of cancerous cells has always raised challenges in effective cancer therapy. miRNAs, a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are the natural genetic gift, responsible to preserve the homeostasis of cell to nurture. The unprecedented significance of endogenous miRNAs has exhibited promising therapeutic potential in cancer therapeutics. Currently, miRNA mimic miR-34, and an antimiR aimed against miR-122 has entered the clinical trials for cancer treatments. This review, highlights the recent breakthroughs, challenges, clinical trials, and advanced delivery vehicles in the administration of miRNA therapies for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakresh Kumar Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India
| | - Poornima Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana 122413, India
| | - Nisha Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, GIFT city 382355, India
| | - R Suresh Kumar
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (ICMR), Noida 201307, India
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Jing W, Tuxiu X, Xiaobing L, Guijun J, Lulu K, Jie J, Lu Y, Liying Z, Xiaoxing X, Jingjun L. LncRNA GAS5/miR-137 Is a Hypoxia-Responsive Axis Involved in Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:790750. [PMID: 35087519 PMCID: PMC8787067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) represents one of the devastating medical emergencies and is associated with high mortality and neuro-disability. Post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) is mechanistically ascribed to acute systemic ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury. The lncRNA/microRNA/mRNA networks have been found to play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of the hypoxia-responsive diseases. Nonetheless, the precise molecular mechanisms by which lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA axes are involved in the astrocyte-microglia crosstalk in CA/CPR have not been fully elucidated. Methods We collected and purified the exosomes from the blood of CA/CPR patients and supernatant of OGD/R-stimulated astrocytes. On the basis of microarray analysis, bioinformatic study, and luciferase activity determination, we speculated that lncRNA GAS5/miR-137 is implicated in the astrocyte-microglia crosstalk under the insult of systemic I/R injury. The regulation of lncRNA GAS5/miR-137 on INPP4B was examined by cellular transfection in OGD/R cell culture and by lateral ventricle injection with miR-137 agomir in CA/CPR mice model. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect the microglial apoptosis, M1/M2 phenotype transformation, and neuroinflammation. Neurological scoring and behavior tests were conducted in CA/CPR group, with miR-137 agomir lateral-ventricle infusion and in their controls. Results In all the micRNAs, miR-137 was among the top 10 micRNAs that experienced greatest changes, in both the blood of CA/CPR patients and supernatant of OGD/R-stimulated astrocytes. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that miR-137 was sponged by lncRNA GAS5, targeting INPP4B, and the result was confirmed by Luciferase activity assay. qRT-PCR and Western blotting showed that lncRNA GAS5 and INPP4B were over-expressed whereas miR-137 was downregulated in the blood of CA/CPR patients, OGD/R-stimulated astrocytes, and brain tissue of CA/CPR mice. Silencing lncRNA GAS5 suppressed INPP4B expression, but over-expression of miR-137 negatively modulated its expression. Western blotting exhibited that PI3K and Akt phosphorylation was increased when lncRNA GAS5 was silenced or miR-137 was over-expressed. However, PI3K and Akt phosphorylation was notably suppressed in the absence of miR-137, almost reversing their phosphorylation in the silencing lncRNA GAS5 group. Then we found that GAS5 siRNA or miR-137 mimic significantly increased cell viability and alleviated apoptosis after OGD/R injury. Furthermore, over-expression of miR-137 attenuated microglial apoptosis and neuroinflammation in CA/CPR mice model, exhibiting significantly better behavioral tests after CA/CPR. Conclusion LncRNA GAS5/miR-137 may be involved in the astrocyte-microglia communication that inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling activation via regulation of INPP4B during CA/CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jing
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xie Tuxiu
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of General Practice, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Xiaobing
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Guijun
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Lulu
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Jie
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhan Liying
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Xiaoxing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lyu Jingjun
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Valenzuela-Muñoz V, Gallardo-Escárate C, Benavente BP, Valenzuela-Miranda D, Núñez-Acuña G, Escobar-Sepulveda H, Váldes JA. Whole-Genome Transcript Expression Profiling Reveals Novel Insights into Transposon Genes and Non-Coding RNAs during Atlantic Salmon Seawater Adaptation. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:1. [PMID: 35052999 PMCID: PMC8772943 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The growing amount of genome information and transcriptomes data available allows for a better understanding of biological processes. However, analysis of complex transcriptomic experimental designs involving different conditions, tissues, or times is relevant. This study proposes a novel approach to analyze complex data sets combining transcriptomes and miRNAs at the chromosome-level genome. Atlantic salmon smolts were transferred to seawater under two strategies: (i) fish group exposed to gradual salinity changes (GSC) and (ii) fish group exposed to a salinity shock (SS). Gills, intestine, and head kidney samples were used for total RNA extraction, followed by mRNA and small RNA illumina sequencing. Different expression patterns among the tissues and treatments were observed through a whole-genome transcriptomic approach. Chromosome regions highly expressed between experimental conditions included a great abundance of transposable elements. In addition, differential expression analysis showed a greater number of transcripts modulated in response to SS in gills and head kidney. miRNA expression analysis suggested a small number of miRNAs involved in the smoltification process. However, target analysis of these miRNAs showed a regulatory role in growth, stress response, and immunity. This study is the first to evidence the interplaying among mRNAs and miRNAs and the structural relationship at the genome level during Atlantic salmon smoltification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Valenzuela-Muñoz
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (C.G.-E.); (B.P.B.); (D.V.-M.); (G.N.-A.); (H.E.-S.); (J.A.V.)
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370035, Chile
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile
| | - Cristian Gallardo-Escárate
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (C.G.-E.); (B.P.B.); (D.V.-M.); (G.N.-A.); (H.E.-S.); (J.A.V.)
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile
| | - Bárbara P. Benavente
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (C.G.-E.); (B.P.B.); (D.V.-M.); (G.N.-A.); (H.E.-S.); (J.A.V.)
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile
| | - Diego Valenzuela-Miranda
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (C.G.-E.); (B.P.B.); (D.V.-M.); (G.N.-A.); (H.E.-S.); (J.A.V.)
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile
| | - Gustavo Núñez-Acuña
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (C.G.-E.); (B.P.B.); (D.V.-M.); (G.N.-A.); (H.E.-S.); (J.A.V.)
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile
| | - Hugo Escobar-Sepulveda
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (C.G.-E.); (B.P.B.); (D.V.-M.); (G.N.-A.); (H.E.-S.); (J.A.V.)
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile
| | - Juan Antonio Váldes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (C.G.-E.); (B.P.B.); (D.V.-M.); (G.N.-A.); (H.E.-S.); (J.A.V.)
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370035, Chile
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Tesfaye D, Menjivar N, Gebremedhn S. Current knowledge and the future potential of extracellular vesicles in mammalian reproduction. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 34:174-189. [PMID: 35231266 DOI: 10.1071/rd21277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain various functional classes of vesicles, namely exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, represent the major nano-shuttle to transfer bioactive molecules from donor to recipient cells to facilitate cell-to-cell communication in the follicular, oviduct, and uterine microenvironments. In addition to transferring various molecular cargos in the form of miRNAs, mRNAs, proteins, lipids, and DNA molecules, the relative proportion of those molecular cargos in the reproductive fluids can be associated with the physiological and pathological condition of the host animal. Inside the follicle, EV-mediated circulation of miRNAs has been reported to be associated with the growth status of the enclosed oocytes, the metabolic status, and the advanced maternal aging of the animal. Importantly, EVs have the potential to protect their cargo molecules from extracellular degradation or modification while travelling to the recipient cells. This fact together with the enormous availability in almost all biological fluids and spent culture media make them attractive in the search for biomarkers of oocyte/embryo developmental competence, receptive maternal environment and a multitude of reproductive pathophysiological conditions. One of the key factors that have contributed to the lower efficiency of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) is the absence of several maternal in vivo factors in the ART procedures. For this, several studies have been conducted to supplement various components present in the follicular and oviductal fluids into the existing ART procedures and significant positive impacts have been observed in terms of embryo cleavage rate, blastocyst rate, resistance to stress, and survival after cryopreservation. The potential of EVs in shuttling protective messages against environmental and physiological stressors has been evidenced. The effective use of the EV-coupled molecular signals against stress-associated conditions has the potential to pave the path for the application of these protective signals against oxidative stress-associated pathological conditions including PCOS, ageing, and endometritis. In this review, we provide current knowledge and potential future use of EVs as remedies in reproductive pathophysiological conditions, mainly in follicular and oviductal microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Tesfaye
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3051 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Nico Menjivar
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3051 Rampart Road, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
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Kupper N, Huppertz B. The endogenous exposome of the pregnant mother: Placental extracellular vesicles and their effect on the maternal system. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 87:100955. [PMID: 33612320 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, there is an intense crosstalk between mother and placenta. During the entire time of pregnancy, the maternal system deals with a huge amount of foreign (fetal) material released from the placenta, which can be referred to as placental exposome. Besides the release of hormones and growth factors, the placenta releases a variety of extracellular vesicles into maternal blood. These vesicles contain specific molecules including proteins, lipids, DNA as well as miRNA, all of which may have specific sites and modes of action on maternal cells. During normal pregnancy, the fine-tuning of factors and vesicles helps maintaining a viable and healthy pregnancy. However, in pregnancy pathologies such as preeclampsia, quantity and quality of the placenta-derived vesicles are altered leading to a deleterious effect on the maternal vascular system. This review focuses on the different types of placenta-derived extracellular vesicles in pregnancy with special emphasis on the interplay between these placental vesicles and the maternal system. Additionally, it displays new techniques and ideas for the analysis of the placental exposome with placental extracellular vesicles as a key aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Kupper
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Shwe A, Østbye TKK, Krasnov A, Ramberg S, Andreassen R. Characterization of Differentially Expressed miRNAs and Their Predicted Target Transcripts during Smoltification and Adaptation to Seawater in Head Kidney of Atlantic Salmon. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091059. [PMID: 32911670 PMCID: PMC7565298 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoltification and early seawater phase are critical developmental periods with physiological and biochemical changes in Atlantic salmon that facilitates survival in saltwater. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to have important roles in development, but whether any miRNAs are involved in regulation of gene expression during smoltification and the adaption to seawater is largely unknown. Here, small RNA sequencing of materials from head kidney before, during smoltification and post seawater transfer were used to study expression dynamics of miRNAs, while microarray analysis was applied to study mRNA expression dynamics. Comparing all timepoints, 71 miRNAs and 2709 mRNAs were identified as differentially expressed (DE). Hierarchical clustering analysis of the DE miRNAs showed three major clusters with characteristic expression changes. Eighty-one DE mRNAs revealed negatively correlated expression patterns to DE miRNAs in Cluster I and III. Furthermore, 42 of these mRNAs were predicted as DE miRNA targets. Gene enrichment analysis of negatively correlated target genes showed they were enriched in gene ontology groups hormone biosynthesis, stress management, immune response, and ion transport. The results strongly indicate that post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by miRNAs is important in smoltification and sea water adaption, and this study identifies several putative miRNA-target pairs for further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Shwe
- Department of Life Science and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet‒Oslo Metropolitan University, N-0130 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Tone-Kari Knutsdatter Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Postboks 210, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; (T.-K.K.Ø.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksei Krasnov
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Postboks 210, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; (T.-K.K.Ø.); (A.K.)
| | - Sigmund Ramberg
- Department of Life Science and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet‒Oslo Metropolitan University, N-0130 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Rune Andreassen
- Department of Life Science and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet‒Oslo Metropolitan University, N-0130 Oslo, Norway; (A.S.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-6723-627-4
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Khalyfa A, Castro-Grattoni AL, Gozal D. Cardiovascular morbidities of obstructive sleep apnea and the role of circulating extracellular vesicles. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2020; 13:1753466619895229. [PMID: 31852426 PMCID: PMC6923690 DOI: 10.1177/1753466619895229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent upper airway collapse
during sleep resulting in impaired blood gas exchange, namely intermittent
hypoxia (IH) and hypercapnia, fragmented sleep (SF), increased oxidative stress
and systemic inflammation. Among a myriad of potential associated morbidities,
OSA has been particularly implicated as mechanistically contributing to the
prevalence and severity of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the benefits
of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which is generally employed in
OSA treatment, to either prevent or improve CVD outcomes remain unconvincing,
suggesting that the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the incremental CVD
risk associated with OSA are not clearly understood. One of the challenges in
development of non-invasive diagnostic assays is the ability to identify
clinically and mechanistically relevant biomarkers. Circulating extracellular
vesicles (EVs) and their cargos reflect underlying changes in cellular
homeostasis and can provide insights into how cells and systems cope with
physiological perturbations by virtue of the identity and abundance of miRNAs,
mRNAs, proteins, and lipids that are packaged in the EVs under normal as well as
diseased states, such as OSA. EVs can not only provide unique insights into
coordinated cellular responses at the organ or systemic level, but can also
serve as reporters of the effects of OSA in CVD, either by their properties
enabling regeneration and repair of injured vascular cells or by damaging them.
Here, we highlight recent progress in the pathological CVD consequences of OSA,
and explore the putative roles of EVs in OSA-associated CVD, along with emerging
diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material
section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Anabel L Castro-Grattoni
- Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health and MU Women's and Children's Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 400 N. Keene Street, Suite 010, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Computational Resources for Prediction and Analysis of Functional miRNA and Their Targetome. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1912:215-250. [PMID: 30635896 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8982-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs are evolutionarily conserved, endogenously produced, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) of approximately 19-24 nucleotides (nts) in length known to exhibit gene silencing of complementary target sequence. Their deregulated expression is reported in various disease conditions and thus has therapeutic implications. In the last decade, various computational resources are published in this field. In this chapter, we have reviewed bioinformatics resources, i.e., miRNA-centered databases, algorithms, and tools to predict miRNA targets. First section has enlisted more than 75 databases, which mainly covers information regarding miRNA registries, targets, disease associations, differential expression, interactions with other noncoding RNAs, and all-in-one resources. In the algorithms section, we have compiled about 140 algorithms from eight subcategories, viz. for the prediction of precursor (pre-) and mature miRNAs. These algorithms are developed on various sequence, structure, and thermodynamic based features incorporated into different machine learning techniques (MLTs). In addition, computational identification of miRNAs from high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) data and their variants, viz. isomiRs, differential expression, miR-SNPs, and functional annotation, are discussed. Prediction and analysis of miRNAs and their associated targets are also evaluated under miR-targets section providing knowledge regarding novel miRNA targets and complex host-pathogen interactions. In conclusion, we have provided comprehensive review of in silico resources published in miRNA research to help scientific community be updated and choose the appropriate tool according to their needs.
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Detecting ovarian cancer using extracellular vesicles: progress and possibilities. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:295-304. [PMID: 30700499 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynecological malignancy. Most patients are diagnosed when they are already in the later stages of the disease. Earlier detection of OC dramatically improves the overall survival, but this is rarely achieved as there is a lack of clinically implemented biomarkers of early disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small cell-derived vesicles that have been extensively studied in recent years. They contribute to various aspects of cancer pathology, including tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. EVs are released from all cell types and the macromolecular cargo they carry reflects the content of the cells from which they were derived. Cancer cells release EVs with altered cargo into biofluids, and so, they represent an excellent potential source of novel biomarkers for the disease. In this review, we describe the latest developments in EVs as potential biomarkers for earlier detection of OC. The field is still relatively young, but many studies have shown that EVs and the cargo they carry, including miRNAs and proteins, can be used to detect OC. They could also give insights into the stage of the disease and predict the likely therapeutic outcome. There remain many challenges to the use of EVs as biomarkers, but, through ongoing research and innovation in this exciting field, there is great potential for the development of diagnostic assays in the clinic that could improve patient outcome.
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Samuel P, Mulcahy LA, Furlong F, McCarthy HO, Brooks SA, Fabbri M, Pink RC, Carter DRF. Cisplatin induces the release of extracellular vesicles from ovarian cancer cells that can induce invasiveness and drug resistance in bystander cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2017.0065. [PMID: 29158318 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has a poor overall survival that is partly caused by resistance to drugs such as cisplatin. Resistance can be acquired as a result of changes to the tumour or due to altered interactions within the tumour microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), small lipid-bound vesicles that are loaded with macromolecular cargo and released by cells, are emerging as mediators of communication in the tumour microenvironment. We previously showed that EVs mediate the bystander effect, a phenomenon in which stressed cells can communicate with neighbouring naive cells leading to various effects including DNA damage; however, the role of EVs released following cisplatin treatment has not been tested. Here we show that treatment of cells with cisplatin led to the release of EVs that could induce invasion and increased resistance when taken up by bystander cells. This coincided with changes in p38 and JNK signalling, suggesting that these pathways may be involved in mediating the effects. We also show that EV uptake inhibitors could prevent this EV-mediated adaptive response and thus sensitize cells in vitro to the effects of cisplatin. Our results suggest that preventing pro-tumourigenic EV cross-talk during chemotherapy is a potential therapeutic target for improving outcome in ovarian cancer patients.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Extracellular vesicles and the tumour microenvironment'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Samuel
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Laura Ann Mulcahy
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Fiona Furlong
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Susan Ann Brooks
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Southern California-Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Ryan Charles Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - David Raul Francisco Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
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Fabbri M. MicroRNAs and miRceptors: a new mechanism of action for intercellular communication. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20160486. [PMID: 29158315 PMCID: PMC5717440 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that control the expression of target genes by modulating (usually inhibiting) their translation into proteins. This 'traditional' mechanism of action of miRs has been recently challenged by new discoveries pointing towards a role of miRs as 'hormones', capable of binding to proteic receptors (miRceptors) and triggering their downstream signalling pathways. These findings harbour particular significance within the tumour microenvironment (TME), defined as the variety of non-cancerous cells surrounding cancer cells, but are relevant also for other diseases. In recent years it has become clearer that the TME does not passively assist the growth of cancer cells but contributes to its biology. Some of the mediators of the intercellular communication between cancer cells and TME are miRs shuttled within exosomes, a subtype of cellular released extracellular vesicles. This article will highlight the most recent findings on the biological implications of miR-miRceptor interactions for the biology of the TME and other diseases, and will provide some perspectives on the future development of this fascinating research.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Extracellular vesicles and the tumour microenvironment'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muller Fabbri
- Department of Pediatrics, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases and The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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Samuel P, Carter DRF. The Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of microRNAs in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma. Mol Diagn Ther 2017; 21:59-73. [PMID: 27718164 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer causes more than 100,000 deaths globally per year. Despite intensive research efforts, there has been little improvement in the overall survival of patients over the past three decades. Most patients are not diagnosed until the cancer is at an advanced stage, by which time their chances of still being alive after 5 years are appallingly low. Attempts to extend life in these patients have been, for the most part, unsuccessful. This owes partly to the lack of suitable biomarkers for stratifying patients at the molecular level, into responders and non-responders. This would lead to more drugs being shown to have a clinical benefit and being approved for use in subgroups of patients. There is also a desperate need for improved biomarkers for earlier detection of ovarian cancer; if the disease is detected sooner there is a significantly improved outlook. In this review, we outline the evidence that microRNAs are deregulated in ovarian cancer, what this can tell us about tumour progression and how it could be used to improve patient stratification in clinical trials. We also describe the potential for circulating microRNAs, both associated with proteins or carried in vesicles, to be used as diagnostics for earlier detection or as biomarkers for informing clinicians on the prognosis and best treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Samuel
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - David Raul Francisco Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
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Samuel P, Fabbri M, Carter DRF. Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Cancer: The Role of Extracellular Vesicles. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 28941129 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a major barrier to the successful treatment of cancer. The mechanisms by which therapeutic resistance arises are multifactorial. Recent evidence has shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in mediating drug resistance. EVs are small vesicles carrying a variety of macromolecular cargo released by cells into the extracellular space and can be taken up into recipient cells, resulting in transfer of cellular material. EVs can mediate drug resistance by several mechanisms. They can serve as a pathway for sequestration of cytotoxic drugs, reducing the effective concentration at target sites. They can act as decoys carrying membrane proteins and capturing monoclonal antibodies intended to target receptors at the cell surface. EVs from resistant tumor cells can deliver mRNA, miRNA, long noncoding RNA, and protein inducing resistance in sensitive cells. This provides a new model for how resistance that arises can then spread through a heterogeneous tumor. EVs also mediate cross-talk between cancer cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment, leading to tumor progression and acquisition of therapeutic resistance. In this review, we will describe what is known about how EVs can induce drug resistance, and discuss the ways in which EVs could be used as therapeutic targets or diagnostic markers for managing cancer treatment. While further characterization of the vesiculome and the mechanisms of EV function are still required, EVs offer an exciting opportunity in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Samuel
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Molecular Immunology University of Southern California-Keck School of Medicine Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Raul Francisco Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Garcia‐Riart B, Lorda‐Diez CI, Marin‐Llera JC, Garcia‐Porrero JA, Hurle JM, Montero JA. Interdigital tissue remodelling in the embryonic limb involves dynamic regulation of the miRNA profiles. J Anat 2017; 231:275-286. [PMID: 28543398 PMCID: PMC5522895 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing in combination with quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a dynamic miRNA signature in the interdigital mesoderm of the chick embryonic hinlimb in the course of interdigit remodelling. During this period, 612 previously known chicken miRNAs (gga-miRNAs) and 401 non-identified sequences were expressed in the interdigital mesoderm. Thirty-six microRNAs, represented by more than 750 reads per million, displayed differential expression between stages HH29 (6 id) and HH32 (7.5 id), which correspond to the onset and the peak of interdigital cell death. Twenty miRNAs were upregulated by at least 1.5-fold, and sixteen were downregulated by at least 0.5-fold. Upregulated miRNAs included miRNAs with recognized proapoptotic functions in other systems (miR-181 family, miR-451 and miR-148a), miRNAs associated with inflammation and cell senescence (miR-21 and miR-146) and miRNAs able to induce changes in the extracellular matrix (miR-30c). In contrast, miRNAs with known antiapoptotic effects in other systems, such as miR-222 and miR-205, became downregulated. In addition, miR-92, an important positive regulator of cell proliferation, was also downregulated. Together, these findings indicate a role for miRNAs in the control of tissue regression and cell death in a characteristic morphogenetic embryonic process based on massive apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Garcia‐Riart
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVALUniversidad de CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Carlos I. Lorda‐Diez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVALUniversidad de CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Jessica C. Marin‐Llera
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVALUniversidad de CantabriaSantanderSpain
- Present address:
Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoDistrito FederalMéxico
| | - Juan A. Garcia‐Porrero
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVALUniversidad de CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Juan M. Hurle
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVALUniversidad de CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Juan A. Montero
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVALUniversidad de CantabriaSantanderSpain
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Bewicke-Copley F, Mulcahy LA, Jacobs LA, Samuel P, Akbar N, Pink RC, Carter DRF. Extracellular vesicles released following heat stress induce bystander effect in unstressed populations. J Extracell Vesicles 2017; 6:1340746. [PMID: 28717426 PMCID: PMC5505002 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1340746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells naïve to stress can display the effects of stress, such as DNA damage and apoptosis, when they are exposed to signals from stressed cells; this phenomenon is known as the bystander effect. We previously showed that bystander effect induced by ionising radiation are mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Bystander effect can also be induced by other types of stress, including heat shock, but it is unclear whether EVs are involved. Here we show that EVs released from heat shocked cells are also able to induce bystander damage in unstressed populations. Naïve cells treated with media conditioned by heat shocked cells showed higher levels of DNA damage and apoptosis than cells treated with media from control cells. Treating naïve cells with EVs derived from media conditioned by heat shocked cells also induced a bystander effect when compared to control, with DNA damage and apoptosis increasing whilst the level of cell viability was reduced. We demonstrate that treatment of naïve cells with heat shocked cell-derived EVs leads to greater invasiveness in a trans-well Matrigel assay. Finally, we show that naïve cells treated with EVs from heat-shocked cells are more likely to survive a subsequent heat shock, suggesting that these EVs mediate an adaptive response. We propose that EVs released following stress mediate an intercellular response that leads to apparent stress in neighbouring cells but also greater robustness in the face of a subsequent insult.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Ann Mulcahy
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Ann Jacobs
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Priya Samuel
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Naveed Akbar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ryan Charles Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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Samuel P, Pink RC, Brooks SA, Carter DR. miRNAs and ovarian cancer: a miRiad of mechanisms to induce cisplatin drug resistance. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 16:57-70. [PMID: 26567444 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2016.1121107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most aggressive gynecological cancer. One reason for the low 5-year survival rate of under 40% is that ovarian tumors usually acquire resistance to the platinum-based compounds used to treat them. Resistance to one such compound, cisplatin, can arise via numerous mechanisms that can be categorized as pre-, post-, on- or off-target. Pre-target mechanisms prevent accumulation of cisplatin in the cell, on-target mechanisms allow DNA damage to be repaired more efficiently, post-target mechanisms prevent the damage from inducing apoptosis and off-target mechanisms increase resistance via unrelated compensatory mechanisms. miRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that influence cellular function by repressing gene expression. Here we describe how miRNAs can induce cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells via pre-, post-, on- and off-target mechanisms. A better understanding of how miRNAs feed into the mechanisms of drug resistance will inform the rational design of combination therapies for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Samuel
- a Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences , Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
| | - Ryan Charles Pink
- a Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences , Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
| | - Susan Ann Brooks
- a Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences , Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
| | - David RaulFrancisco Carter
- a Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences , Oxford Brookes University , Oxford , UK
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Kalinina N, Kharlampieva D, Loguinova M, Butenko I, Pobeguts O, Efimenko A, Ageeva L, Sharonov G, Ischenko D, Alekseev D, Grigorieva O, Sysoeva V, Rubina K, Lazarev V, Govorun V. Characterization of secretomes provides evidence for adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells subtypes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:221. [PMID: 26560317 PMCID: PMC4642680 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study was aimed at deciphering the secretome of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) cultured in standard and hypoxic conditions to reveal proteins, which may be responsible for regenerative action of these cells. Methods Human ADSCs were isolated from 10 healthy donors and cultured for 3–4 passages. Cells were serum deprived and cell purity was assessed using multiple cell surface markers. Conditioned media was collected and analyzed using LC-MS with a focus on characterizing secreted proteins. Results Purity of the ADSC assessed as CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45-/CD31- cells was greater than 99 % and viability was greater than 97 %. More than 600 secreted proteins were detected in conditioned media of ADSCs. Of these 100 proteins were common to all cultures and included key molecules involved in tissue regeneration such as collagens and collagen maturation enzymes, matrix metalloproteases, matricellular proteins, macrophage-colony stimulating factor and pigment epithelium derived factor. Common set of proteins also included molecules, which contribute to regenerative processes but were not previously associated with ADSCs. These included olfactomedin-like 3, follistatin-like 1 and prosaposin. In addition, ADSCs from the different subjects secreted proteins, which were variable between different cultures. These included proteins with neurotrophic activities, which were not previously associated with ADSCs, such as mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor, meteorin and neuron derived neurotrophic factor. Hypoxia resulted in secretion of 6 proteins, the most prominent included EGF-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3, adrenomedullin and ribonuclease 4 of RNase A family. It also caused the disappearance of 8 proteins, including regulator of osteogenic differentiation cartilage-associated protein. Conclusions Human ADSCs with CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45-/CD31-/PDGFRβ+/NG2+/CD146+(−) immunophenotype secrete a large array of proteins, the most represented group is comprised of extracellular matrix components. Number of secreted proteins is largely unaffected by prolonged hypoxia. Variability in the secretion of several proteins from cultured ADSCs of individual subjects suggests that these cells exist as a heterogeneous population containing functionally distinct subtypes, which differ in numbers between donors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0209-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kalinina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 31-5, Lomonosovsky av, Moscow, 119191, Russia.
| | - Daria Kharlampieva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, SRI of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 1a, Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
| | - Marina Loguinova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, SRI of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 1a, Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
| | - Ivan Butenko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, SRI of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 1a, Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
| | - Olga Pobeguts
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, SRI of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 1a, Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
| | - Anastasia Efimenko
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 31-5, Lomonosovsky av, Moscow, 119191, Russia.
| | - Luidmila Ageeva
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 31-5, Lomonosovsky av, Moscow, 119191, Russia.
| | - George Sharonov
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 31-5, Lomonosovsky av, Moscow, 119191, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Ischenko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, SRI of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 1a, Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Alekseev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, SRI of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 1a, Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
| | - Olga Grigorieva
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 31-5, Lomonosovsky av, Moscow, 119191, Russia.
| | - Veronika Sysoeva
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 31-5, Lomonosovsky av, Moscow, 119191, Russia.
| | - Ksenia Rubina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 31-5, Lomonosovsky av, Moscow, 119191, Russia.
| | - Vassiliy Lazarev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, SRI of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 1a, Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
| | - Vadim Govorun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, SRI of Physical-Chemical Medicine, 1a, Malaya Pirogovskaya, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
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Islam A, Ghimbovschi S, Zhai M, Swift JM. An Exploration of Molecular Correlates Relevant to Radiation Combined Skin-Burn Trauma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134827. [PMID: 26247844 PMCID: PMC4527694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to high dose radiation in combination with physical injuries such as burn or wound trauma can produce a more harmful set of medical complications requiring specialist interventions. Currently these interventions are unavailable as are the precise biomarkers needed to help both accurately assess and treat such conditions. In the present study, we tried to identify and explore the possible role of serum exosome microRNA (miRNA) signatures as potential biomarkers for radiation combined burn injury (RCBI). Methodology Female B6D2F1/J mice were assigned to four experimental groups (n = 6): sham control (SHAM), burn injury (BURN), radiation injury (RI) and combined radiation skin burn injury (CI). We performed serum multiplex cytokine analysis and serum exosome miRNA expression profiling to determine novel miRNA signatures and important biological pathways associated with radiation combined skin-burn trauma. Principal Findings Serum cytokines, IL-5 and MCP-1, were significantly induced only in CI mice (p<0.05). From 890 differentially expressed miRNAs identified, microarray analysis showed 47 distinct miRNA seed sequences significantly associated with CI mice compared to SHAM control mice (fold change ≥ 1.2, p<0.05). Furthermore, only two major miRNA seed sequences (miR-690 and miR-223) were validated to be differentially expressed for CI mice specifically (fold change ≥ 1.5, p<0.05). Conclusions Serum exosome miRNA signature data of adult mice, following RCBI, provides new insights into the molecular and biochemical pathways associated with radiation combined skin-burn trauma in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminul Islam
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Svetlana Ghimbovschi
- Children’s National Medical Center, Department of Integrative Systems Biology, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Min Zhai
- Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Swift
- Naval Medical Research Center, Undersea Medicine Department, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
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Challagundla KB, Fanini F, Vannini I, Wise P, Murtadha M, Malinconico L, Cimmino A, Fabbri M. microRNAs in the tumor microenvironment: solving the riddle for a better diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 14:565-74. [PMID: 24844135 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.922879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs with gene regulatory functions, frequently dysregulated in human cancers. Specific signatures of differentially expressed miRNAs can be used in the diagnosis of cancer and in some cases harbor prognostic implications. The biology of cancer is dictated not only by cancer cells but also by the surrounding tumor microenvironment. In particular, the role of miRNAs within the tumor microenvironment is emerging as of paramount importance. This review will focus on the current knowledge of the role of miRNAs and both cellular and stromal components of the tumor microenvironment. We will also discuss more recent findings, showing that miRNAs can be found inside of exosomes and mediate the cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding cells, leading to the discovery of new fascinating molecular mechanisms leading to a better understanding of the cancer 'niche' and how these noncoding RNAs can become very promising diagnostic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore B Challagundla
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Saban Research Institute, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Pink RC, Samuel P, Massa D, Caley DP, Brooks SA, Carter DRF. The passenger strand, miR-21-3p, plays a role in mediating cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 137:143-51. [PMID: 25579119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynaecological cancer. A major contributor to the poor survival rate is the development of chemoresistance to platinum-based therapies such as cisplatin and carboplatin. Here we aimed to test the role of miRNAs in the acquisition of drug resistance in ovarian cancer. METHODS We used microarrays to measure miRNA levels in the ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant derivative CP70. The role of miRNAs and the mRNA targets were tested using transfected miRNA mimics and siRNAs, respectively. Potential in vivo significance was investigated by analysing RNA levels in cohorts of ovarian cancer patients. RESULTS We identified several miRNAs that are increased in cisplatin-resistant cells. We show that most of these do not directly contribute to cisplatin resistance. Interestingly, miR-21-3p, the passenger strand of the known oncomiR, directed increased resistance to cisplatin in a range of ovarian cell lines. This effect was specific to the star strand, as miR-21-5p had the opposite effect and actually increased sensitivity of A2780 cells to cisplatin. We identify NAV3 as a potential target of miR-21-3p and show that knockdown of NAV3 increases resistance. Exosomes released by CP70 cells were also capable of increasing resistance in A2780 cells, although this was independent of miR-21-3p. Finally, we use publically available transcriptomic data to demonstrate that miR-21-3p is raised, while NAV3 is reduced, in ovarian tumours that are resistant to platinum treatment. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that miR-21-3p can induce cisplatin resistance in ovarian tumours, potentially by targeting the NAV3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Charles Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Priya Samuel
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Davide Massa
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Daniel Paul Caley
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Susan Ann Brooks
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - David Raul Francisco Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
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Distinct microRNA expression profiles in mouse renal cortical tissue after 177Lu-octreotate administration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112645. [PMID: 25386939 PMCID: PMC4227842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the variation of the miRNA expression levels in normal renal cortical tissue after 177Lu-octreotate administration, a radiopharmaceutical used for treatment of neuroendocrine cancers. Methods Female BALB/c nude mice were i.v. injected with 1.3, 3.6, 14, 45, or 140 MBq 177Lu-octreotate, while control animals received saline. The animals were killed at 24 h after injection and total RNA, including miRNA, was extracted from the renal cortical tissue and hybridized to the Mouse miRNA Oligo chip 4plex to identify differentially regulated miRNAs between exposed and control samples. Results In total, 57 specific miRNAs were differentially regulated in the exposed renal cortical tissues with 1, 29, 21, 27, and 31 miRNAs identified per dose-level (0.13, 0.34, 1.3, 4.3, and 13 Gy, respectively). No miRNAs were commonly regulated at all dose levels. miR-194, miR-107, miR-3090, and miR-3077 were commonly regulated at 0.34, 1.3, 4.3, and 13 Gy. Strong effects on cellular mechanisms ranging from immune response to p53 signaling and cancer-related pathways were observed at the highest absorbed dose. Thirty-nine of the 57 differentially regulated miRNAs identified in the present study have previously been associated with response to ionizing radiation, indicating common radiation responsive pathways. Conclusion In conclusion, the 177Lu-octreotate associated miRNA signatures were generally dose-specific, thereby illustrating transcriptional regulation of radiation responsive miRNAs. Taken together, these results imply the importance of miRNAs in early immunological responses in the kidneys following 177Lu-octreotate administration.
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Abstract
Epigenetics refers to long-term modifications of gene activity that can be inherited, either somatically or transgenerationally, but that are independent of alterations in the primary base sequence of the organism's DNA. These changes can include chemical modifications of both the DNA bases and the proteins that associate with the DNA helices to form chromatin, the nucleic acid:protein complex of which the chromosomes are comprised. Epigenetic modifications can affect the accessibility of the DNA for transcription factors (the DNA-binding proteins that specify which genes are to be active or silent by modulating the recruitment of the transcriptional machinery that reads the information encoded in the sequence) and thereby regulate the expression of genes and alter the phenotype of the organism. Epigenetic marks can also be re-established following mitosis, allowing patterns of differential gene expression to be transmitted from one cell generation to the next, and can even be maintained through meiosis, allowing transgenerational transfer of regulatory cues. Unlike the information encoded in the DNA sequence, which is invariant between most cell types and over time, epigenetic information is tissue specific and can change in response to exogenous and endogenous perturbations. This responsive capacity enables a sensitive and reactive system that can optimize gene expression in relevant tissue in response to environmental change. The realization that organisms are capable of genetically 'reprograming' themselves as well as 'preprograming' future cells, and even future offspring to optimize gene expression for a given environment may have tremendous ramifications on our understanding of both acclimatization and adaptation to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Brown
- 1 Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular Epigenetics Group, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Mulcahy LA, Pink RC, Carter DRF. Routes and mechanisms of extracellular vesicle uptake. J Extracell Vesicles 2014; 3:24641. [PMID: 25143819 PMCID: PMC4122821 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v3.24641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1752] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles released by donor cells that can be taken up by recipient cells. Despite their discovery decades ago, it has only recently become apparent that EVs play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. EVs can carry a range of nucleic acids and proteins which can have a significant impact on the phenotype of the recipient. For this phenotypic effect to occur, EVs need to fuse with target cell membranes, either directly with the plasma membrane or with the endosomal membrane after endocytic uptake. EVs are of therapeutic interest because they are deregulated in diseases such as cancer and they could be harnessed to deliver drugs to target cells. It is therefore important to understand the molecular mechanisms by which EVs are taken up into cells. This comprehensive review summarizes current knowledge of EV uptake mechanisms. Cells appear to take up EVs by a variety of endocytic pathways, including clathrin-dependent endocytosis, and clathrin-independent pathways such as caveolin-mediated uptake, macropinocytosis, phagocytosis, and lipid raft–mediated internalization. Indeed, it seems likely that a heterogeneous population of EVs may gain entry into a cell via more than one route. The uptake mechanism used by a given EV may depend on proteins and glycoproteins found on the surface of both the vesicle and the target cell. Further research is needed to understand the precise rules that underpin EV entry into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ann Mulcahy
- Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ryan Charles Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - David Raul Francisco Carter
- Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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