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Okano S. Immunotherapy for head and neck cancer: Fundamentals and therapeutic development. Auris Nasus Larynx 2024; 51:684-695. [PMID: 38729034 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) has been treated by multidisciplinary therapy consisting of surgery, radiotherapy, and cancer chemotherapy, but the recent advent of immunotherapy has produced significant changes in treatment systems and the results of these therapies. Immunotherapy has greatly improved the outcome of recurrent metastatic SCCHN, and the development of new treatment methods based on immunotherapy is now being applied not only to recurrent metastatic cases but also to locally advanced cases. To understand and practice cancer immunotherapy, it is important to understand the immune environment surrounding cancer, and the changes to which it is subject. Currently, the anti-PD-1 antibody drugs nivolumab and pembrolizumab are the only immunotherapies with proven efficacy in head and neck cancer. However, anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibody drugs have also been shown to be useful in other types of cancer and are being incorporated into clinical practice. In head and neck cancer, numerous clinical trials have aimed to improve efficacy and safety by combining immunotherapy with other drug therapies and treatment modalities. Combinations of immunotherapy with cancer drugs with different mechanisms of action (cytotoxic agents, molecular-targeted agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors), as well as with radiation therapy and surgery are being investigated, and have the potential to significantly change medical care for these patients. The application of cancer immunotherapy not only to daily clinical practice but also to further therapeutic development requires a clear and complete understanding of the fundamentals of cancer immunotherapy, and knowledge of the numerous clinical studies conducted, both past and present. The results of these trials are numerous, both positive and negative, and a comprehensive understanding of this wide range of completed and ongoing clinical trials is critical to a systematic and comprehensive understanding of their scope and lessons learnt. In this article, after outlining the concepts of ``cancer immune cycle,'' ``cancer immune editing,'' and ``tumor microenvironment'' to provide an understanding of the basics of cancer immunity, we summarize the basics and clinical trial data on representative immune checkpoint inhibitors used in various cancer types, as well as recent therapeutic developments in cancer immunotherapy and the current status of these new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Okano
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.
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Ajith A, Merimi M, Arki MK, Hossein-khannazer N, Najar M, Vosough M, Sokal EM, Najimi M. Immune regulation and therapeutic application of T regulatory cells in liver diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371089. [PMID: 38571964 PMCID: PMC10987744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) are a subset of the immunomodulatory cell population that can inhibit both innate and adaptive immunity by various regulatory mechanisms. In hepatic microenvironment, proliferation, plasticity, migration, and function of Tregs are interrelated to the remaining immune cells and their secreted cytokines and chemokines. In normal conditions, Tregs protect the liver from inflammatory and auto-immune responses, while disruption of this crosstalk between Tregs and other immune cells may result in the progression of chronic liver diseases and the development of hepatic malignancy. In this review, we analyze the deviance of this protective nature of Tregs in response to chronic inflammation and its involvement in inducing liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. We will also provide a detailed emphasis on the relevance of Tregs as an effective immunotherapeutic option for autoimmune diseases, liver transplantation, and chronic liver diseases including liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Ajith
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Makram Merimi
- Genetics and Immune Cell Therapy Unit, LBBES Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mandana Kazem Arki
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-khannazer
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Najar
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Etienne Marc Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Yadav M, Uikey BN, Rathore SS, Gupta P, Kashyap D, Kumar C, Shukla D, Vijayamahantesh, Chandel AS, Ahirwar B, Singh AK, Suman SS, Priyadarshi A, Amit A. Role of cytokine in malignant T-cell metabolism and subsequent alternation in T-cell tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1235711. [PMID: 37746258 PMCID: PMC10513393 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1235711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are an important component of adaptive immunity and T-cell-derived lymphomas are very complex due to many functional sub-types and functional elasticity of T-cells. As with other tumors, tissues specific factors are crucial in the development of T-cell lymphomas. In addition to neoplastic cells, T- cell lymphomas consist of a tumor micro-environment composed of normal cells and stroma. Numerous studies established the qualitative and quantitative differences between the tumor microenvironment and normal cell surroundings. Interaction between the various component of the tumor microenvironment is crucial since tumor cells can change the microenvironment and vice versa. In normal T-cell development, T-cells must respond to various stimulants deferentially and during these courses of adaptation. T-cells undergo various metabolic alterations. From the stage of quiescence to attention of fully active form T-cells undergoes various stage in terms of metabolic activity. Predominantly quiescent T-cells have ATP-generating metabolism while during the proliferative stage, their metabolism tilted towards the growth-promoting pathways. In addition to this, a functionally different subset of T-cells requires to activate the different metabolic pathways, and consequently, this regulation of the metabolic pathway control activation and function of T-cells. So, it is obvious that dynamic, and well-regulated metabolic pathways are important for the normal functioning of T-cells and their interaction with the microenvironment. There are various cell signaling mechanisms of metabolism are involved in this regulation and more and more studies have suggested the involvement of additional signaling in the development of the overall metabolic phenotype of T cells. These important signaling mediators include cytokines and hormones. The impact and role of these mediators especially the cytokines on the interplay between T-cell metabolism and the interaction of T-cells with their micro-environments in the context of T-cells lymphomas are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Yadav
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Blessi N. Uikey
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Diksha Kashyap
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Chanchal Kumar
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Vijayamahantesh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Arvind Singh Chandel
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Bharti Ahirwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Shashi Shekhar Suman
- Department of Zoology, Udayana Charya (UR) College, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, India
| | - Amit Priyadarshi
- Department of Zoology, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Arrah, India
| | - Ajay Amit
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
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Malekpour K, Hazrati A, Soudi S, Hashemi SM. Mechanisms behind therapeutic potentials of mesenchymal stem cell mitochondria transfer/delivery. J Control Release 2023; 354:755-769. [PMID: 36706838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) perform their therapeutic effects through various mechanisms, including their ability to differentiate, producing different growth factors, immunomodulatory factors, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). In addition to the mentioned mechanisms, a new aspect of the therapeutic potential of MSCs has recently been noticed, which occurs through mitochondrial transfer. Various methods of MSCs mitochondria transfer have been used in studies to benefit from their therapeutic potential. Among these methods, mitochondrial transfer after MSCs transplantation in cell-to-cell contact, EVs-mediated transfer of mitochondria, and the use of MSCs isolated mitochondria (MSCs-mt) are well studied. Pathological conditions can affect the cells in the damaged microenvironment and lead to cells mitochondrial damage. Since the defect in the mitochondrial function of the cell leads to a decrease in ATP production and the subsequent cell death, restoring the mitochondrial content, functions, and hemostasis can affect the functions of the damaged cell. Various studies show that the transfer of MSCs mitochondria to other cells can affect vital processes such as proliferation, differentiation, cell metabolism, inflammatory responses, cell senescence, cell stress, and cell migration. These changes in cell attributes and behavior are very important for therapeutic purposes. For this reason, their investigation can play a significant role in the direction of the researchers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran..
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Pan Z, Bao L, Lu X, Hu X, Li L, Chen J, Jin T, Zhang Y, Tan Z, Huang P, Ge M. IL2RA +VSIG4 + tumor-associated macrophage is a key subpopulation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166591. [PMID: 36328145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Extensive infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages was correlated poor prognosis in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). However, the heterogeneity and characteristics of the ATC-associated macrophages (ATAMs) in ATC remain far from clear. We combined single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis and gene expression microarray datasets to assess the molecular signature of ATAMs. Compared with normal thyroid-associated macrophages (NTAMs), 778 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) significantly changed in ATAMs compared with NTAMs. These DEGs were correlated with oxidative phosphorylation (M2 phenotype) and phagocytosis (M1 phenotype). Moreover, ATAMs highly expressed pro-tumor genes associated with angiogenesis, fibrosis, metalloprotease activity, and metastasis. Notably, we identified one ATC-specific subset, IL2RA+ VSIG4+ ATAMs, co-expressed M1 and M2 markers. The infiltration of IL2RA+ VSIG4+ ATAMs showed strong correlation with BRAF and RAS signaling, and its high infiltration was associated with favorable prognosis in thyroid-cancer patients. IL2RA+ VSIG4+ ATAMs were associated with increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (B cells, CD8+ T cells, Tregs). IL2RA+ VSIG4+ ATAMs interacted with CD8+ T cells and Tregs through immune checkpoints (such as LGALS9_HAVCR2), cytokines (such as CXCL10_CXCR3), and receptors (such as CSF1R_CSF1), thereby forming an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Multiplex immunohistochemistry staining and coculture experiment confirmed that ATC cancer cells were able to induce the polarization of IL2RA+ VSIG4+ ATAMs. Besides, we identified several novel ATC-specific immune checkpoint genes including the immunosuppressive molecule VSIG4, LAIR1, and LILRB2. Expression of VSIG4 was also significantly correlated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (B cells, CD8+ T cells, Tregs). In conclusion, our study revealed an ATC-specific ATAM subset with bifunctional phenotype, which provided a comprehensive insight to delineate the molecular characteristics of ATC-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongfu Pan
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Bao
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xixuan Lu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiefeng Jin
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Tan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Minghua Ge
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China; Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China.
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Gao XM, Li J, Cao XX. Signaling pathways, microenvironment, and targeted treatments in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:195. [PMID: 36536400 PMCID: PMC9764551 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an inflammatory myeloid malignancy in the "L-group" histiocytosis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activating mutations are detectable in nearly all LCH lesions. However, the pathogenic roles of MAPK pathway activation in the development of histiocytosis are still elusive. This review will summarize research concerning the landscape and pathogenic roles of MAPK pathway mutations and related treatment opportunities in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-min Gao
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-xin Cao
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Wei SY, Feng B, Bi M, Guo HY, Ning SW, Cui R. Construction of a ferroptosis-related signature based on seven lncRNAs for prognosis and immune landscape in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:263. [PMID: 36528763 PMCID: PMC9758795 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in regulating tumor cell ferroptosis. However, prognostic signatures based on ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (FRLs) and their relationship to the immune microenvironment have not been comprehensively explored in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS In the present study, the expression profiles of ccRCC were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database; 459 patient specimens and 69 adjacent normal tissues were randomly separated into training or validation cohorts at a 7:3 ratio. We identified 7 FRLs that constitute a prognostic signature according to the differential analysis, correlation analysis, univariate regression, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox analysis. To identify the independence of risk score as a prognostic factor, univariate and multivariate regression analyses were also performed. Furthermore, CIBERSORT was conducted to analyze the immune infiltration of patients in the high-risk and low-risk groups. Subsequently, the differential expression of immune checkpoint and m6A genes was analyzed in the two risk groups. RESULTS A 7-FRLs prognostic signature of ccRCC was developed to distinguish patients into high-risk and low-risk groups with significant survival differences. This signature has great prognostic performance, with the area under the curve (AUC) for 1, 3, and 5 years of 0.713, 0.700, 0.726 in the training set and 0.727, 0.667, and 0.736 in the testing set, respectively. Moreover, this signature was significantly associated with immune infiltration. Correlation analysis showed that risk score was positively correlated with regulatory T cells (Tregs), activated CD4 memory T cells, CD8 T cells and follicular helper T cells, whereas it was inversely correlated with monocytes and M2 macrophages. In addition, the expression of fourteen immune checkpoint genes and nine m6A-related genes varied significantly between the two risk groups. CONCLUSION We established a novel FRLs-based prognostic signature for patients with ccRCC, containing seven lncRNAs with precise predictive performance. The FRLs prognostic signature may play a significant role in antitumor immunity and provide a promising idea for individualized targeted therapy for patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yao Wei
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China ,grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei Feng
- grid.411491.8Department of Nephrology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Bi
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ying Guo
- grid.411491.8Department of Nephrology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Shang-Wei Ning
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Cui
- grid.411491.8Department of Nephrology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang Province People’s Republic of China
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Direct AKT activation in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes markedly increases interferon-γ (IFN-γ) for the regression of tumors resistant to PD-1 checkpoint blockade. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18509. [PMID: 36323740 PMCID: PMC9630443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade against inhibitory receptors such as receptor programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), has revolutionized cancer treatment. Effective immune reactivity against tumour antigens requires the infiltration and activation of tumour-infiltrating T-cells (TILs). In this context, ligation of the antigen-receptor complex (TCR) in combination with the co-receptor CD28 activates the intracellular mediator AKT (or PKB, protein kinase B) and its downstream targets. PD-1 inhibits the activation of AKT/PKB. Given this, we assessed whether the direct activation of AKT might be effective in activating the immune system to limit the growth of tumors that are resistant to PD-1 checkpoint blockade. We found that the small molecule activator of AKT (SC79) limited growth of a B16 tumor and an EMT-6 syngeneic breast tumor model that are poorly responsive to PD-1 immunotherapy. In the case of B16 tumors, direct AKT activation induced (i) a reduction of suppressor regulatory (Treg) TILs and (ii) an increase in effector CD8+ TILs. SC79 in vivo therapy caused a major increase in the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs to express interferon-γ (IFN-γ). This effect on IFN-γ expression distinguished responsive from non-responsive anti-tumor responses and could be recapitulated ex vivo with human T-cells. In CD4+FoxP3+Treg TILs, AKT induced IFN-γ expression was accompanied by a loss of suppressor activity, the conversation to CD4+ helper Th1-like TILs and a marked reduction in phospho-SHP2. In CD8+ TILs, we observed an increase in the phospho-activation of PLC-γ. Further, the genetic deletion of the transcription factor T-bet (Tbx21) blocked the increased IFN-γ expression on all subsets while ablating the therapeutic benefits of SC79 on tumor growth. Our study shows that AKT activation therapy acts to induce IFN-γ on CD4 and CD8 TILs that is accompanied by the intra-tumoral conversation of suppressive Tregs into CD4+Th1-like T-cells and augmented CD8 responses.
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Qin R, Mahal LK, Bojar D. Deep learning explains the biology of branched glycans from single-cell sequencing data. iScience 2022; 25:105163. [PMID: 36217547 PMCID: PMC9547197 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is ubiquitous and often dysregulated in disease. However, the regulation and functional significance of various types of glycosylation at cellular levels is hard to unravel experimentally. Multi-omics, single-cell measurements such as SUGAR-seq, which quantifies transcriptomes and cell surface glycans, facilitate addressing this issue. Using SUGAR-seq data, we pioneered a deep learning model to predict the glycan phenotypes of cells (mouse T lymphocytes) from transcripts, with the example of predicting β1,6GlcNAc-branching across T cell subtypes (test set F1 score: 0.9351). Model interpretation via SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) identified highly predictive genes, in part known to impact (i) branched glycan levels and (ii) the biology of branched glycans. These genes included physiologically relevant low-abundance genes that were not captured by conventional differential expression analysis. Our work shows that interpretable deep learning models are promising for uncovering novel functions and regulatory mechanisms of glycans from integrated transcriptomic and glycomic datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Lara K. Mahal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Daniel Bojar
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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TLR agonists induce sustained IgG to hemagglutinin stem and modulate T cells following newborn vaccination. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:102. [PMID: 36038596 PMCID: PMC9424286 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The newborn immune system is characterized by diminished immune responses that leave infants vulnerable to virus-mediated disease and make vaccination more challenging. Optimal vaccination strategies for influenza A virus (IAV) in newborns should result in robust levels of protective antibodies, including those with broad reactivity to combat the variability in IAV strains across seasons. The stem region of the hemagglutinin (HA) molecule is a target of such antibodies. Using a nonhuman primate model, we investigate the capacity of newborns to generate and maintain antibodies to the conserved stem region following vaccination. We find adjuvanting an inactivated vaccine with the TLR7/8 agonist R848 is effective in promoting sustained HA stem-specific IgG. Unexpectedly, HA stem-specific antibodies were generated with a distinct kinetic pattern compared to the overall response. Administration of R848 was associated with increased influenza-specific T follicular helper cells as well as Tregs with a less suppressive phenotype, suggesting adjuvant impacts multiple cell types that have the potential to contribute to the HA-stem response.
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11
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Li DY, Chen L, Miao SY, Zhou M, Wu JH, Sun SW, Liu LL, Qi C, Xiong XZ. Inducible Costimulator-C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 3 Signaling is Involved in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathogenesis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:1847-1861. [PMID: 35991707 PMCID: PMC9386059 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s371801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of inducible costimulator (ICOS) signaling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been fully elucidated. Methods We compared the percentages of ICOS+ T cells and ICOS+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in CD4+ T cells and CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs, respectively, in the peripheral blood of smokers with or without COPD to those in healthy controls. We further characterized their phenotypes using flow cytometry. To investigate the influence of ICOS signaling on C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) expression in COPD, we evaluated the expression levels of ICOS and CXCR3 in vivo and in vitro. Results ICOS expression was elevated on peripheral CD4+ T cells and CD4+ Tregs of COPD patients, which positively correlated with the severity of lung function impairment in patients with stable COPD (SCOPD), but not in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). ICOS+CD4+ Tregs in patients with SCOPD expressed higher levels of coinhibitors, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), than ICOS−CD4+ Tregs, whereas ICOS+CD4+ T cells mostly exhibited a central memory (CD45RA−CCR7+) or effector memory (CD45RA−CCR7−) phenotype, ensuring their superior potential to respond potently and quickly to pathogen invasion. Furthermore, increased percentages of CXCR3+CD4+ T cells and CXCR3+CD4+ Tregs were observed in the peripheral blood of patients with SCOPD, and the expression level of CXCR3 was higher in ICOS+CD4+ T cells than in ICOS−CD4+ T cells. The percentage of CXCR3+CD4+ T cells was even higher in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid than in matched peripheral blood in SCOPD group. Lastly, in vitro experiments showed that ICOS induced CXCR3 expression on CD4+ T cells. Conclusions ICOS signaling is upregulated in COPD, which induces CXCR3 expression. This may contribute to increased numbers of CXCR3+ Th1 cells in the lungs of patients with COPD, causing inflammation and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Ying Miao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Pingmei Shenma Medical Group, Pingdingshan, 467000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Hua Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Wen Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Lan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Qi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Zhi Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
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12
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Hu M, Alashkar Alhamwe B, Santner-Nanan B, Miethe S, Harb H, Renz H, Potaczek DP, Nanan RK. Short-Chain Fatty Acids Augment Differentiation and Function of Human Induced Regulatory T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105740. [PMID: 35628549 PMCID: PMC9143307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) control immune system activity and inhibit inflammation. While, in mice, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are known to be essential regulators of naturally occurring and in vitro induced Tregs (iTregs), data on their contribution to the development of human iTregs are sparse, with no reports of the successful SCFAs-augmented in vitro generation of fully functional human iTregs. Likewise, markers undoubtedly defining human iTregs are missing. Here, we aimed to generate fully functional human iTregs in vitro using protocols involving SCFAs and to characterize the underlying mechanism. Our target was to identify the potential phenotypic markers best characterizing human iTregs. Naïve non-Treg CD4+ cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of 13 healthy adults and cord blood of 12 healthy term newborns. Cells were subjected to differentiation toward iTregs using a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-based protocol, with or without SCFAs (acetate, butyrate, or propionate). Thereafter, they were subjected to flow cytometric phenotyping or a suppression assay. During differentiation, cells were collected for chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-based analysis of histone acetylation. The enrichment of the TGF-β-based protocol with butyrate or propionate potentiated the in vitro differentiation of human naïve CD4+ non-Tregs towards iTregs and augmented the suppressive capacity of the latter. These seemed to be at least partly underlain by the effects of SCFAs on the histone acetylation levels in differentiating cells. GITR, ICOS, CD39, PD-1, and PD-L1 were proven to be potential markers of human iTregs. Our results might boost the further development of Treg-based therapies against autoimmune, allergic and other chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Hu
- Charles Perkins Centre Nepean, Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2747, Australia; (M.H.); (B.S.-N.)
- International Inflammation (in-VIVO) Network, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 10001, USA; (B.A.A.); (H.H.); (H.R.); (D.P.P.)
- Discipline of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2747, Australia
- Nepean Hospital, Derby Street, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia
| | - Bilal Alashkar Alhamwe
- International Inflammation (in-VIVO) Network, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 10001, USA; (B.A.A.); (H.H.); (H.R.); (D.P.P.)
- Institute for Tumor Immunology, Clinic for Hematology, Immunology, and Oncology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg-Medical Faculty, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35043 Marburg, Germany;
- College of Pharmacy, International University for Science and Technology (IUST), Daraa 15, Syria
| | - Brigitte Santner-Nanan
- Charles Perkins Centre Nepean, Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2747, Australia; (M.H.); (B.S.-N.)
- International Inflammation (in-VIVO) Network, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 10001, USA; (B.A.A.); (H.H.); (H.R.); (D.P.P.)
| | - Sarah Miethe
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg-Medical Faculty, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35043 Marburg, Germany;
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Philipps University of Marburg-Medical Faculty, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hani Harb
- International Inflammation (in-VIVO) Network, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 10001, USA; (B.A.A.); (H.H.); (H.R.); (D.P.P.)
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg-Medical Faculty, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35043 Marburg, Germany;
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- International Inflammation (in-VIVO) Network, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 10001, USA; (B.A.A.); (H.H.); (H.R.); (D.P.P.)
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg-Medical Faculty, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Daniel P. Potaczek
- International Inflammation (in-VIVO) Network, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 10001, USA; (B.A.A.); (H.H.); (H.R.); (D.P.P.)
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg-Medical Faculty, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35043 Marburg, Germany;
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Philipps University of Marburg-Medical Faculty, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralph K. Nanan
- Charles Perkins Centre Nepean, Sydney Medical School Nepean, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2747, Australia; (M.H.); (B.S.-N.)
- International Inflammation (in-VIVO) Network, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 10001, USA; (B.A.A.); (H.H.); (H.R.); (D.P.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-4734-2612; Fax: +61-2-4734-1144
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13
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Busse S, von Hoff F, Michler E, Hartig R, Bogerts B, Busse M. Altered expression of costimulatory molecules in dementias. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:807-815. [PMID: 34427746 PMCID: PMC9279221 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the expression of co-stimulatory molecules plays an important role in the immune system, only little is known about their regulation in dementias. Therefore, we determined the expression of CD28, ICOS (CD278) and CTLA-4 (CD152) by CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; N = 19), Alzheimer's disease (AD; N = 51), vascular dementia (VD; N = 21) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD; N = 6) at the point in time of diagnosis compared to 19 non-demented elderly persons. The expression of CD28 and ICOS by CD4 + and CD8 + T cells was not changed in AD, FTD or VD patients. The expression of the negative regulator CTLA-4 was increased by CD4 + T cells from AD and FTD patients and by CD8 + T cells from VD patients. The classification of the AD patients according to the severity of the disorder showed stage-dependent alterations of CD28, ICOS and CTLA-4 expression. In AD patients, the correlation analysis showed an association between the decline in CD28 + T cells and the increase in CTLA-4 + T cells with cognitive decline, measured by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), tau proteins and Amyloid-β, important AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In FTD patients, a positive association between Q Albumin, a marker for blood-CSF-barrier function, and CD28 and a negative correlation between Q Albumin and ICOS expression were determined. Our data suggest a dysregulated balance between the expression of negative and positive co-stimulatory molecules by T cells in AD patients, which might contribute to chronic inflammation observed in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Busse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Franz von Hoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Enrico Michler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Roland Hartig
- Institute of Immunology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Bogerts
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Busse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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14
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Raineri D, Cappellano G, Vilardo B, Maione F, Clemente N, Canciani E, Boggio E, Gigliotti CL, Monge C, Dianzani C, Boldorini R, Dianzani U, Chiocchetti A. Inducible T-Cell Costimulator Ligand Plays a Dual Role in Melanoma Metastasis upon Binding to Osteopontin or Inducible T-Cell Costimulator. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010051. [PMID: 35052731 PMCID: PMC8772802 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) shares its unique ligand (ICOSL) with osteopontin (OPN), and OPN/ICOSL binding promotes tumor metastasis and angiogenesis in the 4T1 breast cancer model. Literature showed that OPN promotes melanoma metastasis by suppressing T-cell activation and recruiting myeloid suppressor cells (MDSC). On the opposite, ICOS/ICOSL interaction usually sustains an antitumor response. Here, we engineered murine B16F10 melanoma cells, by transfecting or silencing ICOSL. In vitro data showed that loss of ICOSL favors anchorage-independent growth and induces more metastases in vivo, compared to ICOSL expressing cells. To dissect individual roles of the three molecules, we compared data from C57BL/6 with those from OPN-KO, ICOS-KO, and ICOSL-KO mice, missing one partner at a time. We found that OPN produced by the tumor microenvironment (TME) favors the metastasis by interacting with stromal ICOSL. This activity is dominantly inhibited by ICOS expressed on TME by promoting Treg expansion. Importantly, we also show that OPN and ICOSL highly interact in human melanoma metastases compared to primary tumors. Interfering with this binding may be explored in immunotherapy either for nonresponding or patients resistant to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Raineri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Vilardo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Maione
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Elena Canciani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Boggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Casimiro Luca Gigliotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Chiara Monge
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (C.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (C.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Divisione di Anatomia Patologica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.R.); (G.C.); (B.V.); (F.M.); (N.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (C.L.G.); (A.C.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
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15
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Boggio E, Gigliotti CL, Moia R, Scotta A, Crespi I, Boggione P, De Paoli L, Deambrogi C, Garzaro M, Vidali M, Chiocchetti A, Stoppa I, Rolla R, Dianzani C, Monge C, Clemente N, Gaidano G, Dianzani U. Inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) and ICOS ligand are novel players in the multiple-myeloma microenvironment. Br J Haematol 2021; 196:1369-1380. [PMID: 34954822 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) is a T-cell receptor that, once bound to ICOS ligand (ICOSL) expressed on several cell types including the B-cell lineage, plays a decisive role in adaptive immunity by regulating the interplay between B and T cells. In addition to its immunomodulatory functions, we have shown that ICOS/ICOSL signalling can inhibit the activity of osteoclasts, unveiling a novel mechanism of lymphocyte-bone cells interactions. ICOS and ICOSL can also be found as soluble forms, namely sICOS and sICOSL. Here we show that: (i) levels of sICOS and sICOSL are increased in multiple myeloma (MM) compared to monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smouldering MM; (ii) levels of sICOS and sICOSL variably correlate with several markers of tumour burden; and (iii) sICOS levels tend to be higher in Durie-Salmon stage II/III versus stage I MM and correlate with overall survival as an independent variable. Moreover, surface ICOS and ICOSL are expressed in both myeloma cells and normal plasma cells, where they probably regulate different functional stages. Finally, ICOSL triggering inhibits the migration of myeloma cell lines in vitro and the growth of ICOSL+ MOPC-21 myeloma cells in vivo. These results suggest that ICOS and ICOSL represent novel markers and therapeutic targets for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Boggio
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Casimiro Luca Gigliotti
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Moia
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Crespi
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Paola Boggione
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo De Paoli
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Clara Deambrogi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Garzaro
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Matteo Vidali
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Ian Stoppa
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Monge
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.,Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, Novara, Italy
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16
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Yao L, Guo J, Gui J, Bai F, Xin R, Deng Y, Wang S, Li H. ICOS + follicular regulatory T cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1566-1575. [PMID: 34363223 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with a rising incidence worldwide. The precise aetiology is unclear, but aberrant regulatory T cell (Treg) responses have been documented in active UC patients. Follicular regulatory T cell (Tfr) is a recently identified subset of Treg cells. In this study, the role of ICOS in Tfr cells, which is a costimulatory molecule shown to stabilize and promote Treg differentiation, was investigated in UC patients. We found that with increasing UC severity, the frequency of ICOS+ CD4 T cells was increased, but the level of ICOS expression by ICOS+ CD4 T cells was decreased. ICOS+ cells were highly enriched in follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr), which is a subset of Treg cells characterized by CD25+ CD127- CXCR5+ Foxp3+ phenotype. Anti-CD3, anti-CD3/CD28, or anti-CD3/ICOS had all significantly increased the expression of Foxp3 and IL-10, and among the three stimulation methods, anti-CD3/ICOS was most effective at enhancing Foxp3 and IL-10 expression. Moreover, anti-CD3/ICOS-stimulated Tfr cells could suppress conventional T cell proliferation in an IL-10-dependent manner. Interestingly, anti-CD3/ICOS stimulation was less effective in UC-Mild and UC-Active patients compared to that in healthy and UC-Remission patients. In addition, UC patients presented impairment in ICOS upregulation following anti-CD3 stimulation. Overall, these data indicated that ICOS+ Tfr cells were dysregulated in UC patients and the level of dysregulation was associated with the severity of UC, suggesting that ICOS+ Tfr cells could serve as a biomarker of the progression of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningxia People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jianyang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningxia People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Juan Gui
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Yinchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feihu Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningxia People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ruijuan Xin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningxia People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningxia People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shaoxuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest Minzu University Ningxia People's Hospital, Yinchuan, China
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17
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Zhang W, Anyalebechi JC, Ramonell KM, Chen CW, Xie J, Liang Z, Chihade DB, Otani S, Coopersmith CM, Ford ML. TIGIT modulates sepsis-induced immune dysregulation in mice with preexisting malignancy. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e139823. [PMID: 34100383 PMCID: PMC8262279 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TIGIT is a recently identified coinhibitory receptor that is upregulated in the setting of cancer and functionally contributes to the impairment of antitumor immunity. However, its role during sepsis is unknown. Because patients with cancer are 10 times more likely to die of sepsis than previously healthy (PH) patients with sepsis, we interrogated the role of TIGIT during sepsis in the context of preexistent malignancy. PH mice or cancer (CA) mice inoculated with lung carcinoma cells were made septic by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We found that sepsis induced TIGIT upregulation predominantly on Tregs and NK cells in both PH and CA mice. Anti-TIGIT Ab improved the 7-d survival of CA septic mice but not PH mice after CLP. Treatment of CA septic animals but not PH septic animals with anti-TIGIT mAb significantly reversed sepsis-induced loss of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Foxp3+ Treg, and CD19+ B cells in the spleen, which was the result of decreased caspase-3+ apoptotic cells. In sum, we found that anti-TIGIT Ab reversed sepsis-induced T cell apoptosis in CA septic mice and led to a significant survival benefit, suggesting its use as a potential immunotherapy to improve outcomes in septic patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jerome C Anyalebechi
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kimberly M Ramonell
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ching-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xie
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deena B Chihade
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shunsuke Otani
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of General Medical Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Togane, Japan
| | - Craig M Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Emory Critical Care Center and
| | - Mandy L Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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18
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Mesenchymal stromal cell mitochondrial transfer to human induced T-regulatory cells mediates FOXP3 stability. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10676. [PMID: 34021231 PMCID: PMC8140113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The key obstacle to clinical application of human inducible regulatory T cells (iTreg) as an adoptive cell therapy in autoimmune disorders is loss of FOXP3 expression in an inflammatory milieu. Here we report human iTreg co-cultured with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) during short-term ex vivo expansion enhances the stability of iTreg FOXP3 expression and suppressive function in vitro and in vivo, and further that a key mechanism of action is MSC mitochondrial (mt) transfer via tunneling nanotubules (TNT). MSC mt transfer is driven by mitochondrial metabolic function (CD39/CD73 signaling) in proliferating iTreg and promotes iTreg expression of FOXP3 stabilizing factors BACH2 and SENP3. These results elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying human MSC mt transfer to proliferating cells. MSC mt transfer stabilizes FOXP3 expression in iTregs, thereby enhancing and sustaining their suppressive function in inflammatory conditions in vitro and in vivo.
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19
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Nandi D, Pathak S, Verma T, Singh M, Chattopadhyay A, Thakur S, Raghavan A, Gokhroo A, Vijayamahantesh. T cell costimulation, checkpoint inhibitors and anti-tumor therapy. J Biosci 2021. [PMID: 32345776 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-0020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of the adaptive immune response are specificity and memory. The cellular response is mediated by T cells which express cell surface T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize peptide antigens in complex with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on antigen presenting cells (APCs). However, binding of cognate TCRs with MHC-peptide complexes alone (signal 1) does not trigger optimal T cell activation. In addition to signal 1, the binding of positive and negative costimulatory receptors to their ligands modulates T cell activation. This complex signaling network prevents aberrant activation of T cells. CD28 is the main positive costimulatory receptor on naı¨ve T cells; upon activation, CTLA4 is induced but reduces T cell activation. Further studies led to the identification of additional negative costimulatory receptors known as checkpoints, e.g. PD1. This review chronicles the basic studies in T cell costimulation that led to the discovery of checkpoint inhibitors, i.e. antibodies to negative costimulatory receptors (e.g. CTLA4 and PD1) which reduce tumor growth. This discovery has been recognized with the award of the 2018 Nobel prize in Physiology/Medicine. This review highlights the structural and functional roles of costimulatory receptors, the mechanisms by which checkpoint inhibitors work, the challenges encountered and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
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20
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Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are distinctive sites exposed to environmental, dietary, and microbial antigens. Particularly in the gut, the host continuously actively adapts via complex interactions between the microbiota and dietary compounds and immune and other tissue cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for tuning the intestinal immune response to self- and non-self-antigens in the intestine. Its importance in intestinal homeostasis is illustrated by the onset of overt inflammation caused by deficiency in Treg generation, function, or stability in the gut. A substantial imbalance in Tregs has been observed in intestinal tissue during pathogenic conditions, when a tightly regulated and equilibrated system becomes dysregulated and leads to unimpeded and chronic immune responses. In this chapter, we compile and critically discuss the current knowledge on the key factors that promote Treg-mediated tolerance in the gut, such as those involved in intestinal Treg differentiation, specificity and suppressive function, and their immunophenotype during health and disease. We also discuss the current state of knowledge on Treg dysregulation in human intestine during pathological states such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and colorectal cancer (CRC), and how that knowledge is guiding development of Treg-targeted therapies to treat or prevent intestinal disorders.
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21
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Holbrook BC, Alexander-Miller MA. Higher Frequency and Increased Expression of Molecules Associated with Suppression on T Regulatory Cells from Newborn Compared with Adult Nonhuman Primates. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2128-2136. [PMID: 32878911 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
T regulatory cells (Tregs) play a critical role in controlling the immune response, often limiting pathogen-specific cells to curb immune-mediated damage. Studies in human infants have reported an increased representation of Tregs in these individuals. However, how these cells differ from those in adults at various sites and how they respond to activation signals is relatively unknown. In this study, we used a newborn nonhuman primate model to assess Treg populations present at multiple sites with regard to frequency and phenotype in comparison with those present in adult animals. We found that Foxp3+ cells were more highly represented in the T cell compartment of newborn nonhuman primates for all sites examined (i.e., the spleen, lung, and circulation). In the spleen and circulation, newborn-derived Tregs expressed significantly higher levels of Foxp3 and CD25 compared with adults, consistent with an effector phenotype. Strikingly, the phenotype of Tregs in the lungs of adult and infant animals was relatively similar, with both adult and newborn Tregs exhibiting a more uniform PD-1+CD39+ phenotype. Finally, in vitro, newborn Tregs exhibited an increased requirement for TCR engagement for survival. Further, these cells upregulated CD39 more robustly than their adult counterpart. Together, these data provide new insights into the quantity of Tregs in newborns, their activation state, and their potential to respond to activation signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth C Holbrook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101
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22
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Li DY, Xiong XZ. ICOS + Tregs: A Functional Subset of Tregs in Immune Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2104. [PMID: 32983168 PMCID: PMC7485335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported the pathological effect of ICOS+ T cells, but ICOS signals also widely participate in anti-inflammatory responses, particularly ICOS+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. The ICOS signaling pathway endows Tregs with increased generation, proliferation, and survival abilities. Furthermore, there is enough evidence to suggest a superior capacity of ICOS+ Tregs, which is partly attributable to IL-10 induced by ICOS, yet the associated mechanism needs further investigation. In this review, we discuss the complicated role of ICOS+ Tregs in several classical autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, and cancers and investigate the related therapeutic applications in these diseases. Moreover, we identify ICOS as a potential biomarker for disease treatment and prognostic prediction. In addition, we believe that anti-ICOS/ICOSL monoclonal antibodies exhibit excellent clinical application potential. A thorough understanding of the effect of ICOS+ Tregs and the holistic role of ICOS toward the immune system will help to improve the therapeutic schedule of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Zhi Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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23
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Giovannelli I, Heath P, Shaw PJ, Kirby J. The involvement of regulatory T cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their therapeutic potential. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2020; 21:435-444. [PMID: 32484719 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2020.1752246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, meaning the establishment of a diffuse inflammatory condition in the CNS, is one of the main hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recently, a crucial role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in this disease has been outlined. Tregs are a T cell subpopulation with immunomodulatory properties. In this review, we discuss the physiology of Tregs and their role in ALS disease onset and progression. Evidence has demonstrated that in ALS patients Tregs are dramatically and progressively reduced in number and are less effective in promoting immune suppression. In addition, Tregs levels correlate with the rate of disease progression and patient survival. For this reason, Tregs are now considered a promising therapeutic target for neuroprotection in ALS. In this review, the clinical impact of these cells will be discussed and an overview of the current clinical trials targeting Tregs is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Giovannelli
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P Heath
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - P J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Kirby
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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24
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Mitchell J, Kelly J, Kvedaraite E, von Bahr Greenwood T, Henter JI, Pellicci DG, Berzins SP, Kannourakis G. Foxp3+ Tregs from Langerhans cell histiocytosis lesions co-express CD56 and have a definitively regulatory capacity. Clin Immunol 2020; 215:108418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Court AC, Le-Gatt A, Luz-Crawford P, Parra E, Aliaga-Tobar V, Bátiz LF, Contreras RA, Ortúzar MI, Kurte M, Elizondo-Vega R, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Pino-Lagos K, Figueroa FE, Khoury M. Mitochondrial transfer from MSCs to T cells induces Treg differentiation and restricts inflammatory response. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48052. [PMID: 31984629 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have fueled ample translation for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. They exert immunoregulatory and tissue-restoring effects. MSC-mediated transfer of mitochondria (MitoT) has been demonstrated to rescue target organs from tissue damage, yet the mechanism remains to be fully resolved. Therefore, we explored the effect of MitoT on lymphoid cells. Here, we describe dose-dependent MitoT from mitochondria-labeled MSCs mainly to CD4+ T cells, rather than CD8+ T cells or CD19+ B cells. Artificial transfer of isolated MSC-derived mitochondria increases the expression of mRNA transcripts involved in T-cell activation and T regulatory cell differentiation including FOXP3, IL2RA, CTLA4, and TGFβ1, leading to an increase in a highly suppressive CD25+ FoxP3+ population. In a GVHD mouse model, transplantation of MitoT-induced human T cells leads to significant improvement in survival and reduction in tissue damage and organ T CD4+ , CD8+ , and IFN-γ+ expressing cell infiltration. These findings point to a unique CD4+ T-cell reprogramming mechanism with pre-clinical proof-of-concept data that pave the way for the exploration of organelle-based therapies in immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Court
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eliseo Parra
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor Aliaga-Tobar
- Centro de Modelamiento Molecular, Biofísica y Bioinformática (CM2B2), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases - ACCDiS, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Federico Bátiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael A Contreras
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Mónica Kurte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Elizondo-Vega
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Centro de Modelamiento Molecular, Biofísica y Bioinformática (CM2B2), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases - ACCDiS, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karina Pino-Lagos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando E Figueroa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Consorcio Regenero, Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Early induction of C/EBPβ expression as a potential marker of steroid responsive colitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13087. [PMID: 31511552 PMCID: PMC6739378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise mechanism of hydrocortisone immune regulation in the management of colitis is poorly understood. Whilst not without limitations, its ability to suppress pathology and rapidly improve patient clinical outcome is key. We were interested in identifying early markers of therapeutic responsiveness in order to identify patients’ refractory to therapy. Chronic Th1-driven colitis was induced in AKR/J mice using a parasite infection, Trichuris muris. 35 days post infection, mice were treated with low dose hydrocortisone (2 mg/kg/) i.p. on alternate days. Response to therapy was assessed at a systemic and tissue level day 45 post infection. Histopathology, gene and protein analysis was conducted to determine cytokine and transcriptional profiles. The colonic transcriptional profile in steroid treated mice showed significant upregulation of a small subset of T cell associated genes, in particular C/EBPβ, CD4, IL7R and STAT5a. Despite no change in either transcription or protein production in downstream cytokines IFN γ, TNFα IL-17 and IL-10, hydrocortisone treatment significantly reduced colonic pathology and restored colonic length to naïve levels. As expected, steroid treatment of chronic gut inflammation generated significant immunosuppressive effects characterized by histological improvement. Low dose hydrocortisone induced significant upregulation of a subset of genes associated with T cell maintenance and regulation, including C/EBPβ. These data suggest that enhanced expression of C/EBPβ may be one of a subset of early markers demonstrating an immune regulatory response to hydrocortisone therapy, potentially by stabilization of Treg function. These observations contribute to our understanding of the immune landscape after steroid therapy, providing a potential markers of therapeutic responders and those refractory to hydrocortisone treatment.
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27
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Minning S, Xiaofan Y, Anqi X, Bingjie G, Dinglei S, Mingshun Z, Juan X, Xiaohui J, Huijuan W. Imbalance between CD8 +CD28 + and CD8 +CD28 - T-cell subsets and its clinical significance in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2019; 28:1214-1223. [PMID: 31399013 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319867130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in CD8+CD28-/CD8+CD28+ T-cell subset balance and in the CD8+CD28- Treg cell number and function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Cell isolation and flow cytometry analysis were employed to investigate the T-cell subsets. RESULTS It was found that in high-activity SLE patients, the CD8+CD28+ T-cell subset was reduced, which was inversely correlated with the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), and that the CD8+CD28-/CD8+CD28+ ratio was elevated, which was positively correlated with SLEDAI and with renal damage and inversely correlated with serum complement level, whereas the CD8+CD28- T-cell subset was increased only in inactive patients. It was also found that apoptosis of CD8+ T cells increased, and Fas, Fas ligand (FasL) and interleukin (IL)-6 expression were high, whereas cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) expression was low by the CD8+CD28+ T cell subset in active SLE patients; apoptosis was positively correlated with SLEDAI and with the expression of Fas and FasL by the CD8+CD28+ T-cell subset in active SLE patients. IL-6 and CTLA-4 expression were found to be low by the CD8+CD28- T cell subset in active SLE patients. CONCLUSION These data suggest that high expression of Fas, FasL and IL-6 and low expression of CTLA-4 by the CD8+CD28+ T-cell subset promotes the activation-induced cell death of the CD8+CD28+ T-cell subset, resulting in an imbalance of CD8+CD28-/CD8+CD28+ T cells in active SLE patients, which represents an important feature in the immunological pathogenesis of SLE. The CD8+CD28- T-cell subset may play some role in inactive SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Minning
- 1 Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Xiaofan
- 2 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Anqi
- 2 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - G Bingjie
- 1 Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - S Dinglei
- 1 Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Mingshun
- 2 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Juan
- 2 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Xiaohui
- 2 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - W Huijuan
- 2 Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Lin CL, Huang HM, Hsieh CL, Fan CK, Lee YL. Jagged1-expressing adenovirus-infected dendritic cells induce expansion of Foxp3 + regulatory T cells and alleviate T helper type 2-mediated allergic asthma in mice. Immunology 2018; 156:199-212. [PMID: 30418664 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that play a key role in directing T-cell responses. Regulatory T (Treg) cells possess an immunosuppressive ability to inhibit effector T-cell responses, and Notch ligand Jagged1 (Jag1) is implicated in Treg cell differentiation. In this study, we evaluated whether bone marrow-derived DCs genetically engineered to express Jag1 (Jag1-DCs) would affect the maturation and function of DCs in vitro and further investigated the immunoregulatory ability of Jag1-DCs to manipulate T helper type 2 (Th2) -mediated allergic asthma in mice. We produced Jag1-DCs by adenoviral transduction. Overexpression of Jag1 by ovalbumin (OVA) -stimulated Jag1-DCs exhibited increased expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and OX40L molecules. Subsequently, co-culture of these OVA-pulsed Jag1-DCs with allogeneic or syngeneic CD4+ T cells promoted the generation of Foxp3+ Treg cells, and blocking PD-L1 using specific antibodies partially reduced Treg cell expansion. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of OVA-pulsed Jag1-DCs to mice with OVA-induced asthma reduced allergen-specific immunoglobulin E production, airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and secretion of Th2-type cytokines (interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-13). Notably, an increased number of Foxp3+ Treg cells associated with enhanced levels of transforming growth factor-β production was observed in Jag1-DC-treated mice. These data indicate that transgenic expression of Jag1 by DCs promotes induction of Foxp3+ Treg cells, which ameliorated Th2-mediated allergic asthma in mice. Our study supports an attractive strategy to artificially generate immunoregulatory DCs and provides a novel approach for manipulating Th2 cell-driven deleterious immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Lun Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Mei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Hsieh
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kwung Fan
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Lun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Mitchell D, Chintala S, Dey M. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell in immunity and cancer. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 322:63-73. [PMID: 30049538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) comprise a subset of dendritic cells characterized by their ability to produce large amount of type I interferon (IFN-I/α). Originally recognized for their role in modulating immune responses to viral stimulation, growing interest has been directed toward their contribution to tumorigenesis. Under normal conditions, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-activated pDCs exhibit robust IFN-α production and promote both innate and adaptive immune responses. In cancer, however, pDCs demonstrate an impaired response to TLR7/9 activation, decreased or absent IFN-α production and contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In addition to IFN-α production, pDCs can also act as antigen presenting cells (APCs) and regulate immune responses to various antigens. The significant role played by pDCs in regulating both the innate and adaptive components of the immune system makes them a critical player in cancer immunology. In this review, we discuss the development and function of pDCs as well as their role in innate and adaptive immunity. Finally, we summarize pDC contribution to cancer pathogenesis, with a special focus on primary malignant brain tumor, their significance in the era of immunotherapy and suggest potential strategies for pDC-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indiana, USA
| | - Sreenivasulu Chintala
- Department of Neurosurgery, IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indiana, USA
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indiana, USA.
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30
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Do JS, Zhong F, Huang AY, Van't Hof WJ, Finney M, Laughlin MJ. Foxp3 expression in induced T regulatory cells derived from human umbilical cord blood vs. adult peripheral blood. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 53:1568-1577. [PMID: 29743573 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-018-0205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Foxp3 is essential for T regulatory cell (Treg) function. Broad complex-Tramtrack-Bric-a-brac domain (BTB) and Cap'n'collar (CNC) homology 1, transcription factor 2 (BACH2) stabilizes Treg immune homeostasis in murine studies. However, little is known regarding what role, if any, BACH2 may have in Foxp3 regulation in human-induced Treg (iTreg). We examined Foxp3 expression and regulation comparing iTreg differentiated from umbilical cord blood (UCB) vs. adult blood (AB) naive CD4+ T-cells. Foxp3 expression was higher in UCB vs. AB-derived iTreg, and was sustained during 21-day expansion in vitro. The number of Foxp3+ iTreg generated from UCB vs. AB naive CD4+ T-cells was higher in iTreg differentiation conditions. In addition, UCB iTreg were more potent in suppressing T-cell proliferation compared to AB iTreg. Naive UCB CD4+ T-cells highly expressed BACH2 protein compared to AB. Putative transcriptional BACH2 binding sites were identified at the Foxp3 promoter, using BACH2 consensus sequence. Cross-linking chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed that BACH2 binds to the Foxp3 proximal promoter in UCB iTreg, but not AB iTreg. BACH2 was transcriptionally active, as shRNA-mediated BACH2 knockdown resulted in reduction of Foxp3 gene transcription in UCB CD4+ T-cells. In summary, BACH2 serves to stabilize robust Foxp3 expression in UCB CD4+ T-cell-derived iTreg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Su Do
- Cleveland Cord Blood Center, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Fei Zhong
- Cleveland Cord Blood Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Mary J Laughlin
- Cleveland Cord Blood Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Molecular adjuvants that modulate regulatory T cell function in vaccination: A critical appraisal. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:237-250. [PMID: 29175113 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvants are substances used to enhance the efficacy of vaccines. They influence the magnitude and alter the quality of the adaptive immune response to vaccine antigens by amplifying or modulating different signals involved in the innate immune response. The majority of known adjuvants have been empirically identified. The limited immunogenicity of new vaccine antigens and the need for safer vaccines have increased the importance of identifying single, well-defined adjuvants with known cellular and molecular mechanisms for rational vaccine design. Depletion or functional inhibition of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) by molecular adjuvants has become an emergent approach in this field. Different successful results have been obtained for specific vaccines, but there are still unresolved issues such as the risk of autoimmune disease induction, the involvement of cells other than Tregs and optimization for different conditions. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of current approaches to inhibit Tregs with molecular adjuvants for vaccine improvement, highlights the progress being made, and describes ongoing challenges.
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Chien CH, Chiang BL. Regulatory T cells induced by B cells: a novel subpopulation of regulatory T cells. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:86. [PMID: 29151021 PMCID: PMC5694621 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in the homeostasis of the immune response. In addition to CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, several subsets of Foxp3- regulatory T cells, such as T helper 3 (Th3) cells and type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells, have been described in mice and human. Accumulating evidence shows that naïve B cells contribute to tolerance and are able to promote regulatory T cell differentiation. Naïve B cells can convert CD4+CD25- T cells into CD25+Foxp3- regulatory T cells, named Treg-of-B cells by our group. Treg-of-B cells express LAG3, ICOS, GITR, OX40, PD1, and CTLA4 and secrete IL-10. Intriguingly, B-T cell-cell contact but not IL-10 is essential for Treg-of-B cells induction. Moreover, Treg-of-B cells possess both IL-10-dependent and IL-10-independent inhibitory functions. Treg-of-B cells exert suppressive activities in antigen-specific and non-antigen-specific manners in vitro and in vivo. Here, we review the phenotype and function of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, Th3 cells, Tr1 cells, and Treg-of-B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hui Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 10048, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 10048, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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D'Amico F, Fiorito G, Skarmoutsou E, Granata M, Rossi GA, Trovato C, Bellocchi C, Marchini M, Beretta L, Mazzarino MC. FOXP3, ICOS and ICOSL gene polymorphisms in systemic sclerosis: FOXP3 rs2294020 is associated with disease progression in a female Italian population. Immunobiology 2017; 223:112-117. [PMID: 29030005 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc), an autoimmune disorder, is characterized by vasculopathy, inflammation, progressive perivascular and interstitial fibrosis. Its pathogenesis is largely unknown, however strong evidences suggest that genetic predisposition may contribute to SSc development. Several gene polymorphisms involved in regulatory T cell function have been identified in many autoimmune diseases, including SSc. Moreover, dysregulation of co-stimulatory and/or co-inhibitory signals, including ICOS signalling, can lead to autoimmunity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the FOXP3 rs2294020, ICOS rs6726035 and ICOSL rs378299 SNPs with both the susceptibility and the progression to SSc in an Italian case-series of patients. SNP genotyping results were successfully obtained from a total of 350 subjects including 166 individuals with SSc and 184 healthy controls. Although analysis tests did not show any significant associations between the SNPs under study and susceptibility to SSc, the occurrence of FOXP3 rs2294020 in female patients was associated with decreased time to progression from early to definite SSc (allelic model: HR=1.43; CI=1.03-1.99; p=0.03; dominant model: HR=1.54; CI=1.04-2.28; p=0.03). The inclusion of presence of ACA autoantibodies in the model did not significantly change the estimates. No conclusions can be drawn for the susceptibility to the disease or the time to progression in men due to the low statistical power. This study provides evidence of the association of rs2294020 with SSc evolution in female patients, modulating the time of progression from the diagnosis of early SSc to the diagnosis of definite SSc, while no effect on SSc susceptibility per se was found. rs2294020 may be considered a disease-modifying gene-variant rather than a disease-susceptibility SNP in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio D'Amico
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Fiorito
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy; Italian Istitute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Evangelia Skarmoutsou
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Granata
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giulio A Rossi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Bellocchi
- Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, University of Milan and Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, via Pace 9, I-20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marchini
- Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, University of Milan and Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, via Pace 9, I-20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Beretta
- Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, University of Milan and Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, via Pace 9, I-20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Clorinda Mazzarino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Li H, Hao Y, Zhang D, Liu W, Li Y, Lyu M, Fu R, Xue F, Liu X, Yang R. Numerical and functional defects in CD8+CD28−T-suppressor lymphocytes from patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 2017; 178:292-301. [PMID: 28466476 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Yating Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Donglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Mingen Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Rongfeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Feng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Xiaofan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
| | - Renchi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Tianjin China
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35
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Chien CH, Yu HC, Chen SY, Chiang BL. Characterization of c-Maf +Foxp3 - Regulatory T Cells Induced by Repeated Stimulation of Antigen-Presenting B Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46348. [PMID: 28402334 PMCID: PMC5389357 DOI: 10.1038/srep46348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of B cells in the development of CD4+ regulatory T cells has been emphasized recently. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the antigen-presenting splenic B cells converted naïve CD4+CD25− T cells into CD4+CD25+Foxp3− T cells without additional cytokines or chemicals with regulatory activity and that referred to as Treg-of-B cells. The present study further showed that Treg-of-B cells increased the IL-10-producing population, and the expression of c-Maf, inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) as well as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) after repeated stimulation of B cells in a cell-cell contact-dependent manner. Long-term cultured Treg-of-B cells exerted IL-10 and CTLA4-mediated antigen-specific suppressive activity; moreover, the single antigen-specific Treg-of-B cells inhibited in a non-antigen-specific fashion. In conclusion, these results suggest that repeated stimulation of B cells induced IL-10-producing CD4+Foxp3− regulatory T cells in a contact-dependent manner and these Treg-of-B cells possess IL-10 and CTLA4-dependent suppressive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hui Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 10048, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Hui-Chieh Yu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 10048, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Szu-Ying Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 10048, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 10048, Taiwan R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 10002, Taiwan R.O.C
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36
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Bronevetsky Y, Burt TD, McCune JM. Lin28b Regulates Fetal Regulatory T Cell Differentiation through Modulation of TGF-β Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4344-4350. [PMID: 27793996 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune tolerance between the fetus and mother represents an active process by which the developing fetus must not mount immune responses to noninherited Ags on chimeric maternal cells that reside in fetal tissue. This is, in part, mediated by the suppressive influence of CD4+FOXP3+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Fetal secondary lymphoid organs have an increased frequency of Tregs and, as compared with adult T cells, fetal naive CD4+ T cells exhibit a strong predisposition to differentiate into Tregs when stimulated. This effect is mediated by the TCR and TGF-β pathways, and fetal T cells show significantly increased Treg differentiation in response to anti-CD3 and TGF-β stimulation. Naive fetal T cells also exhibit increased signaling through the TGF-β pathway, with these cells demonstrating increased expression of the signaling mediators TGF-βRI, TGF-βRIII, and SMAD2, and higher levels of SMAD2/SMAD3 phosphorylation. Increased fetal Treg differentiation is mediated by the RNA-binding protein Lin28b, which is overexpressed in fetal T cells as compared with adult cells. When Lin28b expression is decreased in naive fetal T cells, they exhibit decreased Treg differentiation that is associated with decreased TGF-β signaling and lowered expression of TGF-βRI, TGF-βRIII, and SMAD2. Lin28b regulates the maturation of let-7 microRNAs, and these TGF-β signaling mediators are let-7 targets. We hypothesize that loss of Lin28b expression in fetal T cells leads to increased mature let-7, which causes decreased expression of TGF-βRI, TGF-βRIII, and SMAD2 proteins. A reduction in TGF-β signaling leads to reduced Treg numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Bronevetsky
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110;
| | - Trevor D Burt
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110; and.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Joseph M McCune
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110
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37
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Abstract
The immune microenvironment is considered a major obstacle to generating an effective antitumor immune response. Checkpoint inhibitors manipulate the co-stimulatory response between antigen-presenting cells and immune cells-or between the tumor and immune cells-to elicit an antitumor immune response that would have otherwise been suppressed. Checkpoint inhibitors have shown great promise in the clinics, and some inhibitors such as anti-CTLA-4 antibodies and anti-PD-1 antibodies have gained FDA approval for certain tumors. Here we will discuss the current state of checkpoint inhibitors, biomarker strategies, and management of associated toxicities in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Curry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.T.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (W.T.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.L.)
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (W.T.C.); Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (W.T.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.L.)
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38
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Shi J, Xu X, Luo F, Shi Q, He X, Xia Y. Differences in Tfh Cell Response Between the Graft and Spleen With Chronic Allograft Nephropathy. Cell Transplant 2016; 26:95-102. [PMID: 27524795 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x692816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate follicular helper T (Tfh) cell response and its difference between renal graft and spleen in a rat renal transplantation model undergoing chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). Orthotopical kidney transplantations were performed on Fischer (F344) rats and transplanted to Lewis rats, using syngeneic Lewis-Lewis grafts as controls. Tissue samples were collected at 8 weeks posttransplantation. The status of Tfh cell response was assessed by measuring the levels of transcription factor B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6), interleukin-21 (IL-21), chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5), and B-cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF). Tfh cell response was upregulated in both renal graft and spleen of the CAN group compared to the control group. However, Tfh cell response of the spleen was weaker than that of the graft, which was possibly related to the upregulation of splenic Treg activation. Also, the difference between two tissues was partially associated with the different expressions of tristetraprolin (TTP)/IL-10. Our data help improve our understanding of the role of Tfh cell response in the body with CAN and may provide a valuable clue for better treatment of CAN.
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Kim JE, Patel MA, Mangraviti A, Kim ES, Theodros D, Velarde E, Liu A, Sankey EW, Tam A, Xu H, Mathios D, Jackson CM, Harris-Bookman S, Garzon-Muvdi T, Sheu M, Martin AM, Tyler BM, Tran PT, Ye X, Olivi A, Taube JM, Burger PC, Drake CG, Brem H, Pardoll DM, Lim M. Combination Therapy with Anti-PD-1, Anti-TIM-3, and Focal Radiation Results in Regression of Murine Gliomas. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:124-136. [PMID: 27358487 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Checkpoint molecules like programmed death-1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) are negative immune regulators that may be upregulated in the setting of glioblastoma multiforme. Combined PD-1 blockade and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) have been shown to improve antitumor immunity and produce long-term survivors in a murine glioma model. However, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can express multiple checkpoints, and expression of ≥2 checkpoints corresponds to a more exhausted T-cell phenotype. We investigate TIM-3 expression in a glioma model and the antitumor efficacy of TIM-3 blockade alone and in combination with anti-PD-1 and SRS. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN C57BL/6 mice were implanted with murine glioma cell line GL261-luc2 and randomized into 8 treatment arms: (i) control, (ii) SRS, (iii) anti-PD-1 antibody, (iv) anti-TIM-3 antibody, (v) anti-PD-1 + SRS, (vi) anti-TIM-3 + SRS, (vii) anti-PD-1 + anti-TIM-3, and (viii) anti-PD-1 + anti-TIM-3 + SRS. Survival and immune activation were assessed. RESULTS Dual therapy with anti-TIM-3 antibody + SRS or anti-TIM-3 + anti-PD-1 improved survival compared with anti-TIM-3 antibody alone. Triple therapy resulted in 100% overall survival (P < 0.05), a significant improvement compared with other arms. Long-term survivors demonstrated increased immune cell infiltration and activity and immune memory. Finally, positive staining for TIM-3 was detected in 7 of 8 human GBM samples. CONCLUSIONS This is the first preclinical investigation on the effects of dual PD-1 and TIM-3 blockade with radiation. We also demonstrate the presence of TIM-3 in human glioblastoma multiforme and provide preclinical evidence for a novel treatment combination that can potentially result in long-term glioma survival and constitutes a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 124-36. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mira A Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Eileen S Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Debebe Theodros
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Esteban Velarde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ann Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric W Sankey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ada Tam
- Flow Cytometry Core, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Haiying Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dimitrios Mathios
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Tomas Garzon-Muvdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary Sheu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Allison M Martin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Betty M Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaobu Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alessandro Olivi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janis M Taube
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter C Burger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles G Drake
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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40
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Franzese O, Palermo B, Di Donna C, Sperduti I, Ferraresi V, Stabile H, Gismondi A, Santoni A, Nisticò P. Polyfunctional Melan-A-specific tumor-reactive CD8(+) T cells elicited by dacarbazine treatment before peptide-vaccination depends on AKT activation sustained by ICOS. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1114203. [PMID: 27467927 PMCID: PMC4910730 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1114203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of activation pathways linked to antitumor T-cell polyfunctionality in long surviving patients is of great relevance in the new era of immunotherapy. We have recently reported that dacarbazine (DTIC) injected one day before peptide-vaccination plus IFN-α improves the antitumor lytic activity and enlarges the repertoire of Melan-A-specific T-cell clones, as compared with vaccination alone, impacting the overall survival of melanoma patients. To identify the mechanisms responsible for this improvement of the immune response, we have analyzed the endogenous and treatment-induced antigen (Ag)-specific response in a panel of Melan-A-specific CD8+ T-cell clones in terms of differentiation phenotype, inhibitory receptor profile, polyfunctionality and AKT activation. Here, we show that Melan-A-specific CD8+ T cells isolated from patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy possess a late differentiated phenotype as defined by the absence of CD28 and CD27 co-stimulatory molecules and high levels of LAG-3, TIM-3 and PD-1 inhibitory receptors. Nevertheless, they show higher proliferative potential and an improved antitumor polyfunctional effector profile in terms of co-production of TNF-α, IFNγ and Granzyme-B (GrB) compared with cells derived from patients treated with vaccination alone. Polyfunctionality is dependent on an active AKT signaling related to the engagement of the co-stimulatory molecule ICOS. We suggest that this phenotypic and functional signature is dictated by a fine-tuned balance between TCR triggering, AKT activation, co-stimulatory and inhibitory signals induced by chemoimmunotherapy and may be associated with antitumor T cells able to protect patients from tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Franzese
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
| | - Belinda Palermo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza;" Rome, Italy; Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Cosmo Di Donna
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Biostatistics and Scientific Direction, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Ferraresi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Medical Oncology 1, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza ;" Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Gismondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza ;" Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza ;" Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Nisticò
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
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41
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Yoshie N, Watanabe M, Inoue N, Kawaguchi H, Hidaka Y, Iwatani Y. Association of polymorphisms in the ICOS and ICOSL genes with the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Endocr J 2016; 63:61-8. [PMID: 26560438 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej15-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's disease (HD), varies among patients. Inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) (CD278) and co-stimulator ligand (ICOSL) (CD275) are important costimulatory molecules. Their interactions play important roles in immune regulation and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases through tuning T cell activation, differentiation and function. To clarify the association between ICOS-ICOSL signals and AITD, we genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)1 and SNP2 in the ICOS gene and SNP1, SNP2 and SNP3 in the ICOSL gene in 239 HD patients, 232 GD patients, and 129 healthy volunteers (control subjects). There were no differences in genotype and allele frequencies among the three groups, although the frequencies of the AA genotype and A allele of ICOSL SNP2 (rs15927) were slightly, but not significantly, higher in patients with GD, intractable GD, and severe HD than in controls. The mRNA levels of ICOSL were also slightly, but not significantly, lower in individuals with the AA genotype of ICOSL SNP2 than in those with the AG+GG genotypes. In conclusion, the ICOS and ICOSL SNPs examined in this study do not have an apparent effect on the disease susceptibility and prognosis of AITDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namiki Yoshie
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Astute Clinician Report: A Novel 10 bp Frameshift Deletion in Exon 2 of ICOS Causes a Combined Immunodeficiency Associated with an Enteritis and Hepatitis. J Clin Immunol 2015; 35:598-603. [PMID: 26399252 PMCID: PMC4628077 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-015-0193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ICOS encodes the Inducible T-cell Co-Stimulator (ICOS). Deficiency of this receptor in humans causes a common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) characterised by an absence of class-switched memory B cells and hypogammaglobulinemia. Three pathogenic mutations in ICOS have been described to date in a total of 13 cases. Here we report a novel homozygous 10 base pair frameshift deletion in exon 2 discovered by whole exome sequencing of two siblings from a family of Pakistani origin. Both patients presented in early childhood with diarrhea, colitis and transaminitis and one showed defective handling of human herpesvirus 6. Activated patient CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes demonstrated a complete absence of ICOS expression and, consistent with previous reports, we detected a reduction in circulating T follicular helper cells. Findings in this kindred emphasise the phenotypic variability of ICOS deficiency and, in particular, the variably impaired antiviral immunity that is a poorly understood facet of this rare disorder.
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Lo DJ, Anderson DJ, Song M, Leopardi F, Farris AB, Strobert E, Chapin S, Devens B, Karrer E, Kirk AD. A pilot trial targeting the ICOS-ICOS-L pathway in nonhuman primate kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:984-92. [PMID: 25703015 PMCID: PMC4628789 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Costimulation blockade with the B7-CD28 pathway-specific agent belatacept is now used in clinical kidney transplantation, but its efficacy remains imperfect. Numerous alternate costimulatory pathways have been proposed as targets to synergize with belatacept, one of which being the inducible costimulator (ICOS)-ICOS ligand (ICOS-L) pathway. Combined ICOS-ICOS-L and CD28-B7 blockade has been shown to prevent rejection in mice, but has not been studied in primates. We therefore tested a novel ICOS-Ig human Fc-fusion protein in a nonhuman primate (NHP) kidney transplant model alone and in combination with belatacept. ICOS-Ig did not prolong rejection-free survival as a monotherapy or in combination with belatacept. In ICOS-Ig alone treated animals, most graft-infiltrating CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells expressed ICOS, and ICOS(+) T cells were present in peripheral blood to a lesser degree. Adding belatacept reduced the proportion of graft-infiltrating ICOS(+) T cells and virtually eliminated their presence in peripheral blood. Graft-infiltrating T cells in belatacept-resistant rejection were primarily CD8(+) CD28(-) , but importantly, very few CD8(+) CD28(-) T cells expressed ICOS. We conclude that ICOS-Ig, alone or combined with belatacept, does not prolong renal allograft survival in NHPs. This may relate to selective loss of ICOS with CD28 loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise J. Lo
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Douglas J. Anderson
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mingqing Song
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - A. Brad Farris
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Thymus-deriving natural regulatory T cell generation in vitro: role of the source of activation signals. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:199-209. [PMID: 25445615 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this research we have examined different sources of activation signals in order to optimize culture conditions for in vitro generation of thymus-deriving natural regulatory T cells (nTregs). We have established a novel model using JAWS II dendritic cell line of immature phenotype and compared it to commonly used methods for the generation of Tregs from peripheral lymphoid organs or blood T cells. In our model the first activation signal is provided by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies while the second is delivered by costimulatory molecules expressed on JAWS II cells. The presence of JAWS II cells co-cultured in vitro with unsorted thymocytes directly isolated from the thymus gland creates environment favoring SP CD4+ differentiation, provides the apoptotic cells clearance, maintains the survival of thymocytes and facilitate nTreg generation. Moreover the usage of immature dendritic cells stimuli enables to conduct research on agents affecting nTreg survival, proliferation and development in conditions of cell-to-cell contact of undifferentiated thymocytes with dendritic cells.
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