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Nascimento NS, Torres-Obreque KM, Oliveira CA, Rabelo J, Baby AR, Long PF, Young AR, Rangel-Yagui CDO. Enzymes for dermatological use. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15008. [PMID: 38284197 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the ultimate barrier between body and environment and prevents water loss and penetration of pathogens and toxins. Internal and external stressors, such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), can damage skin integrity and lead to disorders. Therefore, skin health and skin ageing are important concerns and increased research from cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors aims to improve skin conditions and provide new anti-ageing treatments. Biomolecules, compared to low molecular weight drugs and cosmetic ingredients, can offer high levels of specificity. Topically applied enzymes have been investigated to treat the adverse effects of sunlight, pollution and other external agents. Enzymes, with a diverse range of targets, present potential for dermatological use such as antioxidant enzymes, proteases and repairing enzymes. In this review, we discuss enzymes for dermatological applications and the challenges associated in this growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Santos Nascimento
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karin Mariana Torres-Obreque
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Areias Oliveira
- Laboratory of Analytical Validation and Development, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jheniffer Rabelo
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Rolim Baby
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul F Long
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Antony R Young
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carlota de Oliveira Rangel-Yagui
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
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2
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Morresi C, Luccarini A, Marcheggiani F, Ferretti G, Damiani E, Bacchetti T. Modulation of paraoxonase-2 in human dermal fibroblasts by UVA-induced oxidative stress: A new potential marker of skin photodamage. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 384:110702. [PMID: 37717644 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase-2 (PON2) is an intracellular protein, that exerts a protective role against cell oxidative stress and apoptosis. Genetic and environmental factors (i.e. dietary factors, cigarette smoke, drugs) are able to modulate cellular PON2 levels. The effect of ultraviolet A radiation (UVA), the oxidizing component of sunlight, on PON2 in human dermal fibroblasts (HuDe) has not been previously explored. Excessive UVA radiation is known to cause direct and indirect skin damage by influencing intracellular signalling pathways through oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that modulate the expression of downstream genes involved in different processes, e.g. skin photoaging and cancer. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the modulation of PON2 in terms of protein expression and enzyme activity in HuDe exposed to UVA (270 kJ/m2). Our results show that PON2 is up-regulated immediately after UVA exposure and that its levels and activity decrease in the post-exposure phase, in a time-dependent manner (2-24 h). The trend in PON2 levels mirror the time-course study of UVA-induced ROS. To confirm this, experiments were also performed in the presence of a SPF30 sunscreen used as shielding agent to revert modulation of PON2 at 0 and 2 h post-UVA exposure where other markers of photo-oxidative stress were also examined (NF-KB, γH2AX, advanced glycation end products). Overall, our results show that the upregulation of PON2 might be related to the increase in intracellular ROS and may play an important role in mitigation of UVA-mediated damage and in the prevention of the consequences of UV exposure, thus representing a new marker of early-response to UVA-induced damage in skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Morresi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Alessia Luccarini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Clinical Science and Odontostomatology, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
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3
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Tian L, Guo M, Chen H, Wu Y. Human health risk assessment of cinnamate UV absorbers: In vitro and in silico investigations. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107658. [PMID: 36459820 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic UV absorbers (UVAs) are contaminants of emerging concern. Environmental persistence and potential toxicological enrichment studies of UVAs have attracted international concern. It is important to study the toxicity mechanism of UVAs. This study is the first to report the toxicological mechanism of two cinnamate UV absorbers (CUVAs), 2-ethyl 4-methoxycinnamate (OMC) and isoamyl 4-methoxycinnamate (IMC) based on cellular models and molecular models. Cellular models demonstrated that the CUVAs-induced apoptosis might be associated with cellular mitochondrial damage pathways. The results of molecular models showed that OMC and IMC could affect the binding between major proteins and enzymes in the mitochondrial damage pathway and contaminants, ultimately leading to apoptosis. The cellular-molecular models showed that IMC and OMC have dose-effect relationships on cytotoxicity. The composite model is more informative than a single model. This study further indicate that UVAs causes toxicology effects that have implications for the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Tian
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Ming Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Haili Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
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4
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Abiola TT, Rioux B, Johal S, Mention MM, Brunissen F, Woolley JM, Allais F, Stavros VG. Insight into the Photodynamics of Photostabilizer Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8388-8397. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Temitope T. Abiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7ALUnited Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Rioux
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Sharanjit Johal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7ALUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthieu M. Mention
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Fanny Brunissen
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Jack M. Woolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7ALUnited Kingdom
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110, Pomacle, France
| | - Vasilios G. Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7ALUnited Kingdom
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Pavan Kalyan BG, Kumar L. 3D Printing: Applications in Tissue Engineering, Medical Devices, and Drug Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:92. [PMID: 35301602 PMCID: PMC8929713 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gemstone of 3-dimensional (3D) printing shines up from the pyramid of additive manufacturing. Three-dimensional bioprinting technology has been predicted to be a game-changing breakthrough in the pharmaceutical industry since the last decade. It is fast evolving and finds its seats in a variety of domains, including aviation, defense, automobiles, replacement components, architecture, movies, musical instruments, forensic, dentistry, audiology, prosthetics, surgery, food, and fashion industry. In recent years, this miraculous manufacturing technology has become increasingly relevant for pharmaceutical purposes. Computer-aided drug (CAD) model will be developed by computer software and fed into bioprinters. Based on material inputs, the printers will recognize and produce the model scaffold. Techniques including stereolithography, selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, material extrusion, material jetting, inkjet-based, fused deposition modelling, binder deposition, and bioprinting expedite the printing process. Distinct advantages are rapid prototyping, flexible design, print on demand, light and strong parts, fast and cost-effective, and environment friendly. The present review gives a brief description of the conceptional 3-dimensional printing, followed by various techniques involved. A short note was explained about the fabricating materials in the pharmaceutical sector. The beam of light is thrown on the various applications in the pharma and medical arena.
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Antioxidant Properties of Plant-Derived Phenolic Compounds and Their Effect on Skin Fibroblast Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050726. [PMID: 34063059 PMCID: PMC8147979 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are rich sources of a diverse range of chemicals, many of which have significant metabolic activity. One large group of secondary compounds are the phenolics, which act as inter alia potent reactive oxygen scavengers in cells, including fibroblasts. These common dermis residue cells play a crucial role in the production of extracellular matrix components, such as collagen, and maintaining the integrity of connective tissue. Chronic wounds or skin exposure to UV-irradiation disrupt fibroblast function by the generation of reactive oxygen species, which may damage cell components and modify various signaling pathways. The resulting imbalance may be reversed by the antioxidant activity of plant-derived phenolic compounds. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on the impact of phenolics on fibroblast functionality under oxidative stress conditions. It examines a range of compounds in extracts from various species, as well as single specific plant-derived compounds. Phenolics are a good candidate for eliminating the causes of skin damage including wounds and aging and acting as skin care agents.
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Kao MH, Venkatraman RK, Sneha M, Wilton M, Orr-Ewing AJ. Influence of the Solvent Environment on the Ultrafast Relaxation Pathways of a Sunscreen Molecule Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:636-645. [PMID: 33416312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state dynamics of photoexcited diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB), a UVA absorber widely used in sunscreen formulations, are studied with transient electronic and vibrational absorption spectroscopy methods in four different solvents. In the polar solvents methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and acetonitrile, strong stimulated emission (SE) is observed at early time delays after photoexcitation at a near-UV wavelength of λex = 360 nm, and decays with time constants of 420 fs in methanol and 770 fs in DMSO. The majority (∼95%) of photoexcited DHHB returns to the ground state with time constants of 15 ps in methanol and 25 ps in DMSO. In the nonpolar solvent cyclohexane, ∼ 98% of DHHB photoexcited at λex = 345 nm relaxes to the ground state with a ∼ 10 ps time constant, and the SE is weak. DHHB preferentially adopts an enol form in its ground S0 state, but excited state absorption (ESA) bands seen in TEAS are assigned to both the S1-keto and S1-enol forms, indicating a role for ultrafast intramolecular excited state hydrogen transfer (ESHT). This ESHT is inhibited by polar solvents. The two S1 tautomers decay with similar time scales to the observed recovery of ground state population. For molecules that avoid ESHT, torsion around a central C-C bond minimizes the S1-enol energy, quenches the SE, and is proposed to lead to a conical intersection with the S0 state that mediates the ground state recovery. A competing trans-enol isomeric photoproduct is observed as a minor competitor to parent recovery in polar solvents. Evidence is presented for triplet (T1) enol production in polar solvents, and for T1 quenching by octocrylene, a common UVB absorber sunscreen additive. The T1 keto form is observed in cyclohexane solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hsien Kao
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | | - Mahima Sneha
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Matthew Wilton
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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Natural Exogenous Antioxidant Defense against Changes in Human Skin Fibroblast Proteome Disturbed by UVA Radiation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3216415. [PMID: 33204393 PMCID: PMC7661135 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3216415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Daily exposure of the skin to UVA radiation causes oxidative modifications to cellular components and biomolecules. These include proteins involved in the metabolism and cytoprotection of fibroblasts, and their modification can contribute to the disruption of cell function and the development of skin disorders. Therefore, there remains a need for highly active cytoprotective compounds with antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid on the activity of rutin against UVA-induced changes in the proteome of human fibroblasts. All analyses were carried out on fibroblasts cultured in a three-dimensional system exposed to UVA radiation and incubated with rutin and ascorbic acid. Their proteomic profile was analyzed using nano-HPLC, which revealed 150 proteins whose expression was significantly altered between treatment conditions. UVA radiation led to changes in the expression of 82 proteins. However, some of these changes were mitigated by rutin and ascorbic acid separately (23 and 25 proteins, respectively) and rutin and ascorbic acid together (23 proteins). UVA radiation has led to the upregulation of proteins involved in gene expression, catalytic processes and antioxidant pathways, and downregulation of proteins with binding activity. Nevertheless, rutin and ascorbic acid used separately or together have countered these changes to varying degrees. Moreover, rutin and ascorbic acid stimulated fibroblasts irradiated by UVA to increase the expression of the signalling molecules responsible for the opening of the transmembrane channels. In the context of the results obtained, the observed cytoprotective effect of the cooperation of rutin and ascorbic acid results not only from the overlapping properties of the compounds. The effect of rutin alone is probably inhibited by its limited bioavailability. Therefore, its interaction with ascorbic acid increases membrane penetration and improves the cytoprotective effect on skin fibroblasts.
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9
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Ferro DM, Müller CMO, Ferreira SRS. Photostability and characterization of spray-dried maltodextrin powders loaded with Sida rhombifolia extract. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Protocatechuic Aldehyde Attenuates UVA-Induced Photoaging in Human Dermal Fibroblast Cells by Suppressing MAPKs/AP-1 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134619. [PMID: 32610570 PMCID: PMC7370206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a major causative factor of DNA damage, inflammatory responses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and a turnover of various cutaneous lesions resulting in skin photoaging. The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effect of protocatechuic aldehyde (PA), which is a nature-derived compound, against UVA-induced photoaging by using human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. In this study, our results indicated that PA significantly reduced the levels of intracellular ROS, nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandins-E2 (PGE2) in UVA-irradiated HDF cells. It also inhibited the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Besides, PA significantly suppressed the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1) and pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoted collagen synthesis in the UVA-irradiated HDF cells. These events occurred through the regulation of activator protein 1 (AP-1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and p38 signaling pathways in UVA-irradiated HDF cells. Our findings suggest that PA enhances the protective effect of UVA-irradiated photoaging, which is associated with ROS scavenging, anti-wrinkle, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, PA can be a potential candidate for the provision of a protective effect against UVA-stimulated photoaging in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.
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Arya A, Gangwar A, Singh SK, Bhargava K. Polyethylene glycol functionalized cerium oxide nanoparticle confer protection against UV- induced oxidative damage in skin: evidences for a new class of UV filter. NANO EXPRESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ab934c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Acute exposure to high dose of ultraviolet (UV) radiations is known to cause significant harm to skin, primarily due to the generation of free radicals and damage to DNA, which often culminate in rapid aging of the skin, or cancers. Keratinocytes being the most abundant skin’s cells are affected most by UV. Although a degree of endogenous protection is present, the vulnerability of UV-induced damaged can be minimized using protective agents. A few UV filters (organic and inorganic) have been successfully commercialized, yet, due to prevailing disadvantages such as low solubility, photostability, and aesthetic sense, suitable and more efficient UV filters continue to be explored as potential ingredients of cosmaceutical agents. A recently studied antioxidant enzyme mimetic cerium oxide nanoparticles showed emerging piece of evidence on benefits under environmental stress. However, its protective abilities as potential UV filter and therefore applicability in cosmaceutical has not yet been completely explored. This study provides a piece of evidence in support of beneficial effects of this new class of UV filters, polyethyleneglycol functionalized nanoceria (PEG-CNP) against UV - induced damage in vitro and in vivo. The nanomolar concentration of PEG-CNPs in the cell culture showed significant protection from UV exposure, by direct ROS scavenging, the rescue of cells from cell cycle arrest and DNA damage. Further, a proof of the concept study in dehaired rat skin showed that the topical application of 50 μM PEG-CNPs prevented the initial signs of UV induced damage. Unlike conventional UV filters, PEG-CNPs confer protection by internalizing the cells, and scavenging the radicals.
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12
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Ellison AJ, Raines RT. A pendant peptide endows a sunscreen with water-resistance. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:7139-7142. [PMID: 30256375 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01773e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet light causes skin cancer. Salicylic acid and other molecular filters absorb damaging radiation but are washed away readily. Conjugation to a collagen mimetic peptide is shown to retain salicylic acid on collagen-containing skin surrogates after repeated washing. This strategy, which is highly modular, could enhance the water-resistance of sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey J Ellison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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13
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Choi M, Jeon S. Antiapoptotic effects of scutellarin on ultraviolet A-irradiated HaCaT human keratinocytes. BIOMEDICAL DERMATOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41702-018-0022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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14
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Nakyai W, Tissot M, Humbert P, Grandmottet F, Viyoch J, Viennet C. Effects of Repeated UVA Irradiation on Human Skin Fibroblasts Embedded in 3D Tense Collagen Matrix. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:715-724. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wongnapa Nakyai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok Thailand
| | - Marion Tissot
- Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory (LIBC); UMR 1098 INSERM EFS BFC; University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Besançon France
| | - Philippe Humbert
- Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory (LIBC); UMR 1098 INSERM EFS BFC; University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Besançon France
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital; Besancon France
| | - François Grandmottet
- Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok Thailand
| | - Jarupa Viyoch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry; Naresuan University; Phitsanulok Thailand
| | - Céline Viennet
- Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory (LIBC); UMR 1098 INSERM EFS BFC; University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Besançon France
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15
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Corinaldesi C, Damiani E, Marcellini F, Falugi C, Tiano L, Brugè F, Danovaro R. Sunscreen products impair the early developmental stages of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7815. [PMID: 28798318 PMCID: PMC5552690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are increasingly threatened by the release of personal care products. Among them, sunscreens are causing concern either for the effects on skin protection from UV radiation and for the potential impacts on marine life. Here, we assessed the UVA protective efficacy of three sunscreens on human dermal fibroblasts, including two common products in Europe and USA, and an eco-friendly product. The sunscreens' effects were also tested on Paracentrotus lividus, a marine species possibly threatened by these contaminants. We found that all tested sunscreens had similar efficacy in protecting human fibroblasts from UVA radiation. Conversely, the sunscreens' effects on embryo-larval development of P. lividus were dependent on the product tested. In particular, the USA sunscreen, containing benzophenone-3, homosalate and preservatives, caused the strongest impact on the sea urchin development, whereas the eco-friendly sunscreen determined the weakest effects. These results suggest that although the tested products protected human skin cells from UVA-induced damage, they might severely affect the success of recruitment and survival of the sea urchin. Our findings underline the importance of developing eco-friendly sunscreens for minimising or avoiding the impact on marine life while protecting human skin from UV damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Sciences and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urbanistics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Marcellini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy
- Ecoreach Ltd., Corso Stamira 61, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carla Falugi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Brugè
- Department of Clinical, Specialistic and Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Danovaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
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Kawakami CM, Máximo LNC, Fontanezi BB, da Silva RS, Gaspar LR. Diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB) as additive to the UV filter avobenzone in cosmetic sunscreen formulations - Evaluation of the photochemical behavior and photostabilizing effect. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 99:299-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Youn HJ, Kim KB, Han HS, An IS, Ahn KJ. 23-Hydroxytormentic acid protects human dermal fibroblasts by attenuating UVA-induced oxidative stress. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2017; 33:92-100. [PMID: 28106292 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet A (UVA), one of the major components of sunlight, can penetrate the dermal layer of the skin and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). It causes alterations in the dermal connective tissue and gene expression, inflammation, photoaging, and DNA damage. AIMS Therefore, the harmful effects of UVA and strategies to reduce it have been consistently investigated. 23-Hydroxytormentic acid (23-HTA) has been demonstrated to improve drug-induced nephrotoxicity and exhibit several free radical scavenging effects with other molecules. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and extracellular matrix (ECM) reconstructive activity of 23-HTA in UVA-irradiated normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The antioxidant capacity of 23-HTA was determined by examining its scavenging activities against hydrogen peroxide, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl in vitro. Its effect on cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tertazolium bromide, and 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate was used to investigate intracellular ROS scavenging activity. The mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining kit was used to assess senescent cells. RESULTS 23-HTA showed antioxidant capacity mediated by ROS scavenging and regulation of antioxidant-related gene expression. Further, the SA-β-gal analysis and mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases and type I procollagen suggested that 23-HTA regulates the gene expression of ECM proteins and cellular senescence under UVA-irradiated conditions. CONCLUSION In conclusion, 23-HTA protects against and attenuates UVA-induced oxidative stress in NHDFs likely via the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jeong Youn
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Bbeum Kim
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, GeneCellPharm Corporation, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Hyo-Sun Han
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, GeneCellPharm Corporation, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - In-Sook An
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, GeneCellPharm Corporation, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Kyu Joong Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Chaiprasongsuk A, Lohakul J, Soontrapa K, Sampattavanich S, Akarasereenont P, Panich U. Activation of Nrf2 Reduces UVA-Mediated MMP-1 Upregulation via MAPK/AP-1 Signaling Cascades: The Photoprotective Effects of Sulforaphane and Hispidulin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:388-398. [PMID: 28011874 PMCID: PMC5325073 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.238048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UVA irradiation plays a role in premature aging of the skin through triggering oxidative stress-associated stimulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) responsible for collagen degradation, a hallmark of photoaged skin. Compounds that can activate nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor regulating antioxidant gene expression, should therefore serve as effective antiphotoaging agents. We investigated whether genetic silencing of Nrf2 could relieve UVA-mediated MMP-1 upregulation via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activator protein 1 (AP-1) signaling using human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). Antiphotoaging effects of hispidulin (HPD) and sulforaphane (SFN) were assessed on their abilities to activate Nrf2 in controlling MMP-1 and collagen expressions in association with phosphorylation of MAPKs (extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38), c-Jun, and c-Fos, using the skin of BALB/c mice subjected to repetitive UVA irradiation. Our findings suggested that depletion of Nrf2 promoted both mRNA expression and activity of MMP-1 in the UVA-irradiated HaCaT cells. Treatment of Nrf2 knocked-down HaCaT cells with MAPK inhibitors significantly suppressed UVA-induced MMP-1 and AP-1 activities. Moreover, pretreatment of the mouse skin with HPD and SFN, which could activate Nrf2, provided protective effects against UVA-mediated MMP-1 induction and collagen depletion in correlation with the decreased levels of phosphorylated MAPKs, c-Jun, and c-Fos in the mouse skin. In conclusion, Nrf2 could influence UVA-mediated MMP-1 upregulation through the MAPK/AP-1 signaling cascades. HPD and SFN may therefore represent promising antiphotoaging candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyamanee Chaiprasongsuk
- Department of Pharmacology (A.C., J.L., K.S., S.S., P.A. and U.P.) and Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (P.A.), Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jinaphat Lohakul
- Department of Pharmacology (A.C., J.L., K.S., S.S., P.A. and U.P.) and Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (P.A.), Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kitipong Soontrapa
- Department of Pharmacology (A.C., J.L., K.S., S.S., P.A. and U.P.) and Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (P.A.), Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somponnat Sampattavanich
- Department of Pharmacology (A.C., J.L., K.S., S.S., P.A. and U.P.) and Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (P.A.), Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pravit Akarasereenont
- Department of Pharmacology (A.C., J.L., K.S., S.S., P.A. and U.P.) and Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (P.A.), Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Uraiwan Panich
- Department of Pharmacology (A.C., J.L., K.S., S.S., P.A. and U.P.) and Center of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (P.A.), Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Jeon SK, Kim EJ, Lee J, Lee S. Potential risks of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles released from sunscreens into outdoor swimming pools. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 317:312-318. [PMID: 27318727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential risks of nanoparticles (NPs) in sunscreens being released into swimming water were evaluated by a series of laboratory experiments simulating the fate and transport of NPs in outdoor swimming pools. NPs released from sunscreen-applied skin were estimated using pig skins covered with five different commercial sunscreens containing TiO2, ZnO, or both at various concentrations. Assuming that the swimming water treatment processes consisted of filtration, UV irradiation, heating, and chlorination, possible removal of the released NPs by each process was estimated. Generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the NPs under sunlight and after UV photochemical treatment were measured, and the H2O2 concentration possibly present in the swimming pool was calculated based on some specific scenarios of operating an outdoor swimming pool. It was found that a significant amount of the NPs in sunscreens could be released into the swimming water, and accumulate during circulation through the treatment system. However, the concentration of H2O2 possibly present in the swimming pool should be below the level at which an adverse effect to bathers is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyung Jeon
- Center for Water Resource Cycle, Green City Technology Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, South Korea; Energy Environment Policy and Technology, Green School, Korea University (KU)-Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Kim
- Center for Water Resource Cycle, Green City Technology Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - Jaesang Lee
- Energy Environment Policy and Technology, Green School, Korea University (KU)-Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-701, South Korea; Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, South Korea
| | - Seunghak Lee
- Center for Water Resource Cycle, Green City Technology Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, South Korea; Energy Environment Policy and Technology, Green School, Korea University (KU)-Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-701, South Korea.
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Lee SC, Chen CH, Yu CW, Chen HL, Huang WT, Chang YS, Hung SH, Lee TL. Inhibitory effect of Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kanehira ethanol extracts on melanin synthesis via repression of tyrosinase expression. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:263-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Hudson L, Bowman A, Rashdan E, Birch-Machin MA. Mitochondrial damage and ageing using skin as a model organ. Maturitas 2016; 93:34-40. [PMID: 27215947 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ageing describes the progressive functional decline of an organism over time, leading to an increase in susceptibility to age-related diseases and eventually to death, and it is a phenomenon observed across a wide range of organisms. Despite a vast repertoire of ageing studies performed over the past century, the exact causes of ageing remain unknown. For over 50 years it has been speculated that mitochondria play a key role in the ageing process, due mainly to correlative data showing an increase in mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with age. However, the exact role of the mitochondria in the ageing process remains unknown. The skin is often used to study human ageing, due to its easy accessibility, and the observation that the ageing process is able to be accelerated in this organ via environmental insults, such as ultra violet radiation (UVR). This provides a useful tool to investigate the mechanisms regulating ageing and, in particular, the role of the mitochondria. Observations from dermatological and photoageing studies can provide useful insights into chronological ageing of the skin and other organs such as the brain and liver. Moreover, a wide range of diseases are associated with ageing; therefore, understanding the cause of the ageing process as well as regulatory mechanisms involved could provide potentially advantageous therapeutic targets for the prevention or treatment of such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hudson
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Amy Bowman
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Eyman Rashdan
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mark A Birch-Machin
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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22
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Effect of the spacer length and nitroxide sterical shielding upon photostability of spin-labeled kynurenines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Liu X, Zhu X, Chen M, Ge Q, Shen Y, Pan S. Resveratrol protects PC12 cells against OGD/ R-induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial-mediated signaling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:342-53. [PMID: 26960953 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective potential of resveratrol against oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced apoptotic damages in well-differentiated PC12 cells and the underlying mechanisms. Cells were incubated under normal condition or OGD/R in the presence or absence of 10 μM resveratrol. Cell viability was determined with methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Apoptotic ratio was determined with Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the mitochondrial superoxide, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) was estimated by Fluo-3/AM. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was evaluated by 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1,3,3′-tetraethyl-benzimidazolyl-carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) and rhodamine 123 (Rh123). The opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) was determined by the Calcein/Co2+-quenching technique. The protein levels of cytochrome c, Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3 were detected by western blot analysis. The results showed that 10 μM resveratrol attenuated OGD/R-induced cell viability loss and cell apoptosis, which was associated with the decreases in the MDA content and the increases in the SOD and CAT activities. Furthermore, the accumulation of intracellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide, disturbance of [Ca2+]i homeostasis, reduction of MMP, opening of MPTP, and release of mitochondrial cytochrome c observed in OGD/R-injured cells, which indicated a switch on the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway, were all reversed by resveratrol. These results suggest that resveratrol administration may play a neuroprotective role via modulating the mitochondrial-mediated signaling pathway in OGD/R-induced PC12 cell injury.
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Fernández JR, Rouzard K, Voronkov M, Huber KL, Webb C, Stock JB, Stock M, Gordon JS, Pérez E. In vitro and clinical evaluation of SIG1273: a cosmetic functional ingredient with a broad spectrum of anti-aging and antioxidant activities. J Cosmet Dermatol 2016; 15:150-7. [PMID: 26754448 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoprenylcysteine (IPC) small molecules were identified as a new class of anti-inflammatory compounds over 20 years ago. Since then, they have been developed as novel cosmetic functional ingredients (CFI) and topical drug candidates. SIG1273 is a second generation CFI that has previously been shown to provide a broad spectrum of benefits for the skin through its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. OBJECTIVE To determine whether SIG1273 possesses anti-aging properties in vitro and evaluate the tolerability and activity of SIG1273 when applied topically to human subjects. METHODS To model photoaging in vitro, human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were exposed in culture to UVA to induce collagenase (MMP-1) production. An in vitro wound-healing model was based on the activation of HDF migration into cell-free tissue culture surface. Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress was performed using HDFs to measure intracellular ROS activity. Radical scavenging capacity was determined using a colorimetric antioxidant assay kit (ABTS method). Lastly, a 4-week, 29-subject study was performed in which SIG1273 was applied topically as a cream to assess its tolerance and activity in reducing the appearance of aging. RESULTS In vitro studies demonstrate SIG1273 inhibits UVA-induced MMP-1 production, hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and promotes wound healing. Moreover, SIG1273 was shown to be a radical scavenging antioxidant. Clinical assessment of SIG1273 cream (0.25%) showed it was well tolerated with significant improvement in the appearance of fine lines, coarse wrinkles, radiance/luminosity, pore size, texture/smoothness, hydration and increased firmness. CONCLUSIONS SIG1273 represents a novel CFI with antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory properties that when applied topically is well tolerated and provides benefits to individuals with aging skin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeffry B Stock
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Kawakami CM, Gaspar LR. Mangiferin and naringenin affect the photostability and phototoxicity of sunscreens containing avobenzone. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 151:239-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Freitas JV, Lopes NP, Gaspar LR. Photostability evaluation of five UV-filters, trans-resveratrol and beta-carotene in sunscreens. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 78:79-89. [PMID: 26159738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Trans-resveratrol (RES) is used in cosmetic formulations and beta-carotene (BTC) is a classical sunscreen antioxidant, but their photostability in sunscreens, a property directly correlated to performance and safety has not been addressed in the literature. This paper reports the assessment of RES and/or BTC influence on the photostability of five UV-filters (octyl methoxycinnamate - OMC, avobenzone -AVO, octocrylene - OCT, bemotrizinole - BMZ, octyltriazone - OTZ) in three different combinations after UVA exposure followed by the identification of degradation products and the assessment of photoreactivity. The evaluation of sunscreen photostability was performed by HPLC and spectrophotometric analysis, and degradation products were identified by GC-MS analysis. Components RES, BTC, OMC and AVO were significantly degraded after UV exposure (reduction of around 16% in recovery). According to HPLC analysis, all formulations presented similar photostability profiles. Eleven degradation products were identified in GC-MS analysis, among them products of RES, BTC, OMC and AVO photodegradation. All evaluated formulations were considered photoreactive, as well as the isolated compounds RES and AVO. Considering HPLC, spectrophotometric and GC-MS results, it is suggested that formulations containing BMZ were considered the most photostable. The combination RES+BTC in a sunscreen improved the photostability of AVO. The benefits of using a combination of antioxidants in sunscreens was demonstrated by showing that using RES+BTC+studied UV-filters led to more photostable formulations, which in turn implies in better safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Vescovi Freitas
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Av. do Café s/n, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Av. do Café s/n, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lorena Rigo Gaspar
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Av. do Café s/n, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Morsella M, Giammatteo M, Arrizza L, Tonucci L, Bressan M, d'Alessandro N. Lignin coating to quench photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles for potential skin care applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05232g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet light can cause photodamage to the skin, such as sunburn and melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Morsella
- Department of Engineering and Geology
- University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara
- 65127 Pescara
- Italy
| | - M. Giammatteo
- Microscopy Centre
- University of L'Aquila
- 67100 L'Aquila
- Italy
| | - L. Arrizza
- Microscopy Centre
- University of L'Aquila
- 67100 L'Aquila
- Italy
| | - L. Tonucci
- Department of Philosophical, Educational and Economic Science
- University G. d'Annunzio
- 66100 Chieti Scalo
- Italy
| | - M. Bressan
- Department of Engineering and Geology
- University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara
- 65127 Pescara
- Italy
| | - N. d'Alessandro
- Department of Engineering and Geology
- University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara
- 65127 Pescara
- Italy
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