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Guigues A, Gimenez S, Mettling C, Maurel D, Doumazane E, Prézeau L, François V, Corbeau P. The EBI2 receptor is coexpressed with CCR5 in CD4 + T cells and boosts HIV-1 R5 replication. AIDS 2024; 38:1449-1459. [PMID: 38770825 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CCR5, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is used by most HIV strains as a coreceptor. In this study, we looked for other GPCR able to modify HIV-1 infection. DESIGN We analyzed the effects of one GPCR coexpressed with CCR5, EBI2, on HIV-1 replicative cycle. METHODS We identified GPCR expressed in primary CD4 + CCR5 + T cells by multi-RT-qPCR. We studied GPCR dimerization by FRET technology. Cell lines expressing EBI2 were established by transduction with HIV vectors. HIV-1 entry was quantified with virions harboring β-lactamase fused to the viral protein vpr, early and late HIV-1 transcriptions by qPCR, NFkB nuclear activation by immunofluorescence and transfection, and viral production by measuring p24 concentration in culture supernatant by ELISA. RESULTS We showed that EBI2 is naturally expressed in primary CD4 + CCR5 + T cells, and that CCR5 and EBI2 heterodimerize. We observed that this coexpression reduced viral entry by 50%. The amount of HIV reverse transcripts was similar in cells expressing or not EBI2. Finally, the presence of EBI2 induced the translocation of NFkB and activated HIV-1 genome expression. Globally, the result was a drastic HIV-1 R5, but not X4, overproduction in EBI2 -transduced cells. CONCLUSION EBI2 expression in CD4 + CCR5 + cells boosts HIV-1 R5 productive infection. As the natural ligand for EBI2 is present in blood and lymphoid tissues, the constant EBI2 activation might increase HIV replication in CD4 + T cells. It might be of interest to test the effect of EBI2 antagonists on the residual viral production persisting in patients aviremic under treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Guigues
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR9002
| | - Sandrine Gimenez
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR9002
| | - Clément Mettling
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR9002
| | - Damien Maurel
- ARPEGE Pharmacology Screening Interactome Platform Facility
| | - Etienne Doumazane
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS-UMR5203, INSERM-U661, Universités Montpellier 1 & 2
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Prézeau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS-UMR5203, INSERM-U661, Universités Montpellier 1 & 2
| | - Vincent François
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR9002
| | - Pierre Corbeau
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR9002
- Université de Montpellier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Carémeau, UF d'Immunologie, Nîmes Cedex 9
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2
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Braden K, Campolo M, Li Y, Chen Z, Doyle TM, Giancotti LA, Esposito E, Zhang J, Cuzzocrea S, Arnatt CK, Salvemini D. Activation of GPR183 by 7 α,25-Dihydroxycholesterol Induces Behavioral Hypersensitivity through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Nuclear Factor- κB. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 383:172-181. [PMID: 36116795 PMCID: PMC9553113 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR183 in the development of neuropathic pain. Further investigation of the signaling pathways downstream of GPR183 is needed to support the development of GPR183 antagonists as analgesics. In rodents, intrathecal injection of its ligand, 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC), causes time-dependent development of mechano-and cold- allodynia (behavioral hypersensitivity). These effects are blocked by the selective small molecule GPR183 antagonist, SAE-14. However, the molecular mechanisms engaged downstream of GPR183 in the spinal cord are not known. Here, we show that 7α,25-OHC-induced behavioral hypersensitivity is Gα i dependent, but not β-arrestin 2-dependent. Non-biased transcriptomic analyses of dorsal-horn spinal cord (DH-SC) tissues harvested at the time of peak hypersensitivity implicate potential contributions of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). In support, we found that the development of 7α,25-OHC/GPR183-induced mechano-allodynia was associated with significant activation of MAPKs (extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK], p38) and redox-sensitive transcription factors (NF-κB) and increased formation of inflammatory and neuroexcitatory cytokines. SAE-14 blocked these effects and behavioral hypersensitivity. Our findings provide novel mechanistic insight into how GPR183 signaling in the spinal cord produces hypersensitivity through MAPK and NF-κB activation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Using a multi-disciplinary approach, we have characterized the molecular mechanisms underpinning 7α,25-OHC/GPR183-induced hypersensitivity in mice. Intrathecal injections of the GPR183 agonist 7α,25-OHC induce behavioral hypersensitivity, and these effects are blocked by the selective GPR183 antagonist SAE-14. We found that 7α,25-OHC-induced allodynia is dependent on MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and results in an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. This study provides a first insight into how GPR183 signaling in the spinal cord is pronociceptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Braden
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Zhoumou Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Timothy M Doyle
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Luigino Antonio Giancotti
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Christopher Kent Arnatt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A., D.S.); Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (K.B., Y.L., Z.C., T.M.D., L.A.G., J.Z., C.K.A.,D.S.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (M.C., E.E., S.C.); and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri (C.K.A.)
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3
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Teo YX, Haw WY, Vallejo A, McGuire C, Woo J, Friedmann PS, Polak ME, Ardern-Jones MR. Potential Biomarker Identification by RNA-seq analysis in Antibiotic-related Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS): a Pilot Study. Toxicol Sci 2022; 189:20-31. [PMID: 35703984 PMCID: PMC9412178 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most severe forms of cutaneous adverse drug reactions is 'drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms' (DRESS), hence subsequent avoidance of the causal drug is imperative. However, attribution of drug culpability in DRESS is challenging and standard skin allergy tests are not recommended due to patient safety reasons. Whilst incidence of DRESS is relatively low, between 1:1000 to 1:10,000 drug exposures, antibiotics are a commoner cause of DRESS and absence of confirmatory diagnostic test can result in unnecessary avoidance of efficacious treatment. We therefore sought to identify potential biomarkers for development of a diagnostic test in antibiotic-associated DRESS. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a 'discovery' cohort (n = 5) challenged to causative antibiotic or control were analysed for transcriptomic profile. A panel of genes was then tested in a validation cohort (n = 6) and compared to tolerant controls and other inflammatory conditions which can clinically mimic DRESS. A scoring system to identify presence of drug hypersensitivity was developed based on gene expression alterations of this panel. The DRESS transcriptomic panel identified antibiotic-DRESS cases in a validation cohort but was not altered in other inflammatory conditions. Machine learning or differential expression selection of a biomarker panel consisting of six genes (STAC, GPR183, CD40, CISH, CD4, and CCL8) showed high sensitivity and specificity (100% and 85.7-100% respectively) for identification of the culprit drug in these cohorts of antibiotic-associated DRESS. Further work is required to determine whether the same panel can be repeated for larger cohorts, different medications, and other T cell mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xin Teo
- Clinical Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.,Department of Dermatology, Southampton General Hospital, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Wei Yann Haw
- Clinical Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Vallejo
- Clinical Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Carolann McGuire
- Clinical Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Jeongmin Woo
- Clinical Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Simon Friedmann
- Clinical Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Ewa Polak
- Clinical Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Roger Ardern-Jones
- Clinical Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.,Department of Dermatology, Southampton General Hospital, University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
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4
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Barington L, Christensen LVV, Pedersen KK, Niss Arfelt K, Roumain M, Jensen KHR, Kjær VMS, Daugvilaite V, Kearney JF, Christensen JP, Hjortø GM, Muccioli GG, Holst PJ, Rosenkilde MM. GPR183 Is Dispensable for B1 Cell Accumulation and Function, but Affects B2 Cell Abundance, in the Omentum and Peritoneal Cavity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030494. [PMID: 35159303 PMCID: PMC8834096 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
B1 cells constitute a specialized subset of B cells, best characterized in mice, which is abundant in body cavities, including the peritoneal cavity. Through natural and antigen-induced antibody production, B1 cells participate in the early defense against bacteria. The G protein-coupled receptor 183 (GPR183), also known as Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 (EBI2), is an oxysterol-activated chemotactic receptor that regulates migration of B cells. We investigated the role of GPR183 in B1 cells in the peritoneal cavity and omentum. B1 cells expressed GPR183 at the mRNA level and migrated towards the GPR183 ligand 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC). GPR183 knock-out (KO) mice had smaller omenta, but with normal numbers of B1 cells, whereas they had fewer B2 cells in the omentum and peritoneal cavity than wildtype (WT) mice. GPR183 was not responsible for B1 cell accumulation in the omentum in response to i.p. lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injection, in spite of a massive increase in 7α,25-OHC levels. Lack of GPR183 also did not affect B1a- or B1b cell-specific antibody responses after vaccination. In conclusion, we found that GPR183 is non-essential for the accumulation and function of B1 cells in the omentum and peritoneal cavity, but that it influences the abundance of B2 cells in these compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Barington
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.B.); (L.v.V.C.); (K.K.P.); (K.N.A.); (K.H.R.J.); (V.M.S.K.); (V.D.); (G.M.H.)
| | - Liv von Voss Christensen
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.B.); (L.v.V.C.); (K.K.P.); (K.N.A.); (K.H.R.J.); (V.M.S.K.); (V.D.); (G.M.H.)
| | - Kristian Kåber Pedersen
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.B.); (L.v.V.C.); (K.K.P.); (K.N.A.); (K.H.R.J.); (V.M.S.K.); (V.D.); (G.M.H.)
| | - Kristine Niss Arfelt
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.B.); (L.v.V.C.); (K.K.P.); (K.N.A.); (K.H.R.J.); (V.M.S.K.); (V.D.); (G.M.H.)
| | - Martin Roumain
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.R.); (G.G.M.)
| | - Kristian Høj Reveles Jensen
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.B.); (L.v.V.C.); (K.K.P.); (K.N.A.); (K.H.R.J.); (V.M.S.K.); (V.D.); (G.M.H.)
| | - Viktoria Madeline Skovgaard Kjær
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.B.); (L.v.V.C.); (K.K.P.); (K.N.A.); (K.H.R.J.); (V.M.S.K.); (V.D.); (G.M.H.)
| | - Viktorija Daugvilaite
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.B.); (L.v.V.C.); (K.K.P.); (K.N.A.); (K.H.R.J.); (V.M.S.K.); (V.D.); (G.M.H.)
| | - John F. Kearney
- Division of Developmental and Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Jan Pravsgaard Christensen
- Infectious Immunology Group, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Gertrud Malene Hjortø
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.B.); (L.v.V.C.); (K.K.P.); (K.N.A.); (K.H.R.J.); (V.M.S.K.); (V.D.); (G.M.H.)
| | - Giulio G. Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.R.); (G.G.M.)
| | - Peter Johannes Holst
- Experimental Vaccinology Group, Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- InProTher ApS, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Marie Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.B.); (L.v.V.C.); (K.K.P.); (K.N.A.); (K.H.R.J.); (V.M.S.K.); (V.D.); (G.M.H.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Reinmuth L, Hsiao CC, Hamann J, Rosenkilde M, Mackrill J. Multiple Targets for Oxysterols in Their Regulation of the Immune System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082078. [PMID: 34440846 PMCID: PMC8391951 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols, or cholesterol oxidation products, are naturally occurring lipids which regulate the physiology of cells, including those of the immune system. In contrast to effects that are mediated through nuclear receptors or by epigenetic mechanism, which take tens of minutes to occur, changes in the activities of cell-surface receptors caused by oxysterols can be extremely rapid, often taking place within subsecond timescales. Such cell-surface receptor effects of oxysterols allow for the regulation of fast cellular processes, such as motility, secretion and endocytosis. These cellular processes play critical roles in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. This review will survey the two broad classes of cell-surface receptors for oxysterols (G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels), the mechanisms by which cholesterol oxidation products act on them, and their presence and functions in the different cell types of the immune system. Overall, this review will highlight the potential of oxysterols, synthetic derivatives and their receptors for physiological and therapeutic modulation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Reinmuth
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsiao
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.-C.H.); (J.H.)
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Hamann
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.-C.H.); (J.H.)
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mette Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (J.M.); Tel.: +353-(0)21-490-1400 (J.M.)
| | - John Mackrill
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, BioSciences Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (J.M.); Tel.: +353-(0)21-490-1400 (J.M.)
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6
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Klejbor I, Shimshek DR, Klimaszewska-Łata J, Velasco-Estevez M, Moryś J, Karaszewski B, Szutowicz A, Rutkowska A. EBI2 is expressed in glial cells in multiple sclerosis lesions, and its knock-out modulates remyelination in the cuprizone model. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5173-5188. [PMID: 34145920 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
EBI2 receptor regulates the immune system, and in multiple, sclerosis is upregulated in the central nervous system infiltrating lymphocytes. In newborn EBI2-deficient mice, myelin development is delayed, and its persistent antagonism inhibits remyelination in chemically demyelinated organotypic cerebellar slices. We used the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis to elucidate the role of central nervous system-expressed EBI2 in de- and remyelination. The wild-type and EBI2 knock-out mice were fed 0.2% cuprizone in chow for 5 weeks and allowed to recover on a normal diet for 2 weeks. The data showed less efficient recovery of myelin, attenuated oligodendrocyte loss, fewer astrocytes and increased total cholesterol levels in the EBI2 knock-out mice after recovery. Moreover, the wild-type mice upregulated EBI2 expression after recovery confirming the involvement of EBI2 signalling during recovery from demyelination in the cuprizone model. The pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were at comparable levels in the wild-type and EBI2 knock-out mice, with only minor differences in TNFα and IL1β levels either at peak or during recovery. The neuroinflammatory signalling molecules, Abl1 kinase and NFКB1 (p105/p50) subunit, were significantly downregulated in the EBI2 knock-out mice at peak of disease. Immunohistochemical investigations of EBI2 receptor distribution in the central nervous system (CNS) cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) brain revealed strong expression of EBI2 in astrocytes and microglia inside the plaques implicating glia-expressed EBI2 in multiple sclerosis pathophysiology. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the involvement of EBI2 signalling in the recovery from demyelination rather than in demyelination and as such warrant further research into the role of EBI2 in remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Klejbor
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Derya R Shimshek
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Janusz Moryś
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bartosz Karaszewski
- Division of Neurology, Department of Adult Neurology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Szutowicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rutkowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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7
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Gudd CLC, Au L, Triantafyllou E, Shum B, Liu T, Nathwani R, Kumar N, Mukherjee S, Dhar A, Woollard KJ, Yone Y, Pinato DJ, Thursz MR, Goldin RD, Gore ME, Larkin J, Khamri W, Antoniades CG, Turajlic S, Possamai LA. Activation and transcriptional profile of monocytes and CD8 + T cells are altered in checkpoint inhibitor-related hepatitis. J Hepatol 2021; 75:177-189. [PMID: 33631227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Checkpoint inhibitor-related hepatitis (CPI-Hep) is an emerging clinical challenge. We aimed to gain insights into the immunopathology of CPI-Hep by comprehensively characterising myeloid and lymphoid subsets. METHODS CPI-treated patients with or without related hepatitis (CPI-Hep; n = 22 and CPI-noHep; n = 7) were recruited. Phenotypic and transcriptional profiling of peripheral immune subsets was performed and compared with 19 healthy controls (HCs). In vitro monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs) were assessed for activation and cytokine production. CD163, CCR2, CD68, CD3, CD8 and granzyme B expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence (n = 4). RESULTS A significant total monocyte depletion was observed in CPI-Hep compared with HCs (p = 0.04), along with a proportionate increase in the classical monocyte population (p = 0.0002) and significant upregulation of CCR2, CD163 and downregulation of CCR7. Soluble CD163 levels were significantly elevated in CPI-Hep compared with HCs (p <0.0001). In vitro MoMFs from CPI-Hep showed enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CD8+ T cells demonstrated increased perforin, granzyme B, ICOS and HLA-DR expression in CPI-Hep. Transcriptional profiling indicated the presence of activated monocyte and enhanced effector CD8+ T cell populations in CPI-Hep. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated co-localisation of CD8+/granzyme B+ T cells with CD68+CCR2+/CD68+CD163+ macrophages in CPI-Hep liver tissue. CONCLUSIONS CPI-Hep is associated with activation of peripheral monocytes and an enhanced cytotoxic, effector CD8+ T cell phenotype. These changes were reflected by liver inflammation composed of CD163+/CCR2+ macrophages and CD8+ T cells. LAY SUMMARY Some patients who receive immunotherapy for cancer develop liver inflammation, which requires cessation of cancer treatment. Herein, we describe ways in which the white blood cells of patients who develop liver inflammation differ from those of patients who receive the same immunotherapy but do not experience liver-related side effects. Targeting some of the pathways we identify may help to prevent or manage this side effect and facilitate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin L C Gudd
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lewis Au
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Benjamin Shum
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rooshi Nathwani
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Naveenta Kumar
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sujit Mukherjee
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ameet Dhar
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin J Woollard
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - You Yone
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David J Pinato
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert D Goldin
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martin E Gore
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - James Larkin
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Wafa Khamri
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Samra Turajlic
- Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lucia A Possamai
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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8
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Bencze D, Fekete T, Pázmándi K. Type I Interferon Production of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells under Control. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084190. [PMID: 33919546 PMCID: PMC8072550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most powerful and multifaceted cytokines produced by immune cells are type I interferons (IFNs), the basal secretion of which contributes to the maintenance of immune homeostasis, while their activation-induced production is essential to effective immune responses. Although, each cell is capable of producing type I IFNs, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) possess a unique ability to rapidly produce large amounts of them. Importantly, type I IFNs have a prominent role in the pathomechanism of various pDC-associated diseases. Deficiency in type I IFN production increases the risk of more severe viral infections and the development of certain allergic reactions, and supports tumor resistance; nevertheless, its overproduction promotes autoimmune reactions. Therefore, the tight regulation of type I IFN responses of pDCs is essential to maintain an adequate level of immune response without causing adverse effects. Here, our goal was to summarize those endogenous factors that can influence the type I IFN responses of pDCs, and thus might serve as possible therapeutic targets in pDC-associated diseases. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the current therapeutic approaches targeting the pDC-type I IFN axis in viral infections, cancer, autoimmunity, and allergy, together with their limitations defined by the Janus-faced nature of pDC-derived type I IFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Bencze
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.B.); (T.F.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Fekete
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.B.); (T.F.)
| | - Kitti Pázmándi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.B.); (T.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +36-52-417-159
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9
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Type I interferons as key players in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 359:1-80. [PMID: 33832648 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by pancreatic islet inflammation (insulitis) and specific pancreatic β-cell destruction by an immune attack. Although the precise underlying mechanisms leading to the autoimmune assault remain poorly understood, it is well accepted that insulitis takes place in the context of a conflicting dialogue between pancreatic β-cells and the immune cells. Moreover, both host genetic background (i.e., candidate genes) and environmental factors (e.g., viral infections) contribute to this inadequate dialogue. Accumulating evidence indicates that type I interferons (IFNs), cytokines that are crucial for both innate and adaptive immune responses, act as key links between environmental and genetic risk factors in the development of T1D. This chapter summarizes some relevant pathways involved in β-cell dysfunction and death, and briefly reviews how enteroviral infections and genetic susceptibility can impact insulitis. Moreover, we present the current evidence showing that, in β-cells, type I IFN signaling pathway activation leads to several outcomes, such as long-lasting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I hyperexpression, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, epigenetic changes, and induction of posttranscriptional as well as posttranslational modifications. MHC class I overexpression, when combined with ER stress and posttranscriptional/posttranslational modifications, might lead to sustained neoantigen presentation to immune system and β-cell apoptosis. This knowledge supports the concept that type I IFNs are implicated in the early stages of T1D pathogenesis. Finally, we highlight the promising therapeutic avenues for T1D treatment directed at type I IFN signaling pathway.
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10
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Zhao M, Wang Z, Yang M, Ding Y, Zhao M, Wu H, Zhang Y, Lu Q. The Roles of Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Autoimmune Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 60:220-243. [PMID: 33411320 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of plasma membrane receptors in nature and mediate the effects of a variety of extracellular signals, such as hormone, neurotransmitter, odor, and light signals. Due to their involvement in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes and their accessibility, GPCRs are widely used as pharmacological targets of treatment. Orphan G protein-coupled receptors (oGPCRs) are GPCRs for which no natural ligands have been found, and they not only play important roles in various physiological functions, such as sensory perception, reproduction, development, growth, metabolism, and responsiveness, but are also closely related to many major diseases, such as central nervous system (CNS) diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. Recently, many studies have reported that oGPCRs play increasingly important roles as key factors in the occurrence and progression of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, oGPCRs are likely to become potential therapeutic targets and may provide a breakthrough in the study of autoimmune diseases. In this article, we focus on reviewing the recent research progress and clinical treatment effects of oGPCRs in three common autoimmune diseases: multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), shedding light on novel strategies for treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheyu Wang
- University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Hainan Province Dermatol Disease Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
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11
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Ruiz F, Wyss A, Rossel JB, Sulz MC, Brand S, Moncsek A, Mertens JC, Roth R, Clottu AS, Burri E, Juillerat P, Biedermann L, Greuter T, Rogler G, Pot C, Misselwitz B. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene for GPR183 increases its surface expression on blood lymphocytes of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3157-3175. [PMID: 33511653 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ruiz
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Center and Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annika Wyss
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Benoît Rossel
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Christian Sulz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Anja Moncsek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joachim C Mertens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - René Roth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie S Clottu
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Center and Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Burri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Clinic, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Juillerat
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luc Biedermann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Greuter
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Pot
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Center and Service of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Bartlett S, Gemiarto AT, Ngo MD, Sajiir H, Hailu S, Sinha R, Foo CX, Kleynhans L, Tshivhula H, Webber T, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, West NP, Hiemstra AM, MacDonald CE, Christensen LVV, Schlesinger LS, Walzl G, Rosenkilde MM, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Ronacher K. GPR183 Regulates Interferons, Autophagy, and Bacterial Growth During Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Is Associated With TB Disease Severity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:601534. [PMID: 33240287 PMCID: PMC7677584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.601534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized cholesterols have emerged as important signaling molecules of immune function, but little is known about the role of these oxysterols during mycobacterial infections. We found that expression of the oxysterol-receptor GPR183 was reduced in blood from patients with tuberculosis (TB) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to TB patients without T2D and was associated with TB disease severity on chest x-ray. GPR183 activation by 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC) reduced growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Mycobacterium bovis BCG in primary human monocytes, an effect abrogated by the GPR183 antagonist GSK682753. Growth inhibition was associated with reduced IFN-β and IL-10 expression and enhanced autophagy. Mice lacking GPR183 had significantly increased lung Mtb burden and dysregulated IFNs during early infection. Together, our data demonstrate that GPR183 is an important regulator of intracellular mycobacterial growth and interferons during mycobacterial infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autophagy
- Bacterial Load
- Case-Control Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Interferons/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/microbiology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/microbiology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mycobacterium bovis/growth & development
- Mycobacterium bovis/immunology
- Mycobacterium bovis/pathogenicity
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/growth & development
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/pathogenicity
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Severity of Illness Index
- Signal Transduction
- THP-1 Cells
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Bartlett
- Translational Research Institute–Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adrian Tandhyka Gemiarto
- Translational Research Institute–Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Minh Dao Ngo
- Translational Research Institute–Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Haressh Sajiir
- Translational Research Institute–Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Semira Hailu
- Translational Research Institute–Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Roma Sinha
- Translational Research Institute–Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Cheng Xiang Foo
- Translational Research Institute–Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Léanie Kleynhans
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Happy Tshivhula
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tariq Webber
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas P. West
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andriette M. Hiemstra
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Candice E. MacDonald
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Larry S. Schlesinger
- Host-Pathogens Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Katharina Ronacher
- Translational Research Institute–Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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13
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Downregulation of GPR183 on infection restricts the early infection and intracellular replication of mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophage. Microb Pathog 2020; 145:104234. [PMID: 32353576 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
GPR183/EBI2 is a key chemotactic receptor for the positioning of B cells in lymphoid organs, and also for the migration of T cells and other immune cells. Here, we demonstrate that the downregulation of GPR183 in macrophage induced during Mtb infection restrains the bacterial early infection and intracellular replication. Overexpression of GPR183 or stimulation with its natural ligand favors Mtb replication in macrophage, while treatment with its antagonist represses both Mtb early infection and intracellular replication. With mutational analysis, we find that substitution of Asp-73, Arg-83, Tyr-112, Tyr-256 abolished the promotive effect of GPR183 on Mtb early infection and replication in macrophage. In conclusion, we demonstrated that beside the known role of chemotaxis receptor, GPR183 also functions directly in the interaction between macrophage and Mtb in a cell-autonomous way.
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14
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Du Y, Thompson EG, Muller J, Valvo J, Braun J, Shankar S, van den Berg RA, Jongert E, Dover D, Sadoff J, Hendriks J, Gardner MJ, Ballou WR, Regules JA, van der Most R, Aderem A, Ockenhouse CF, Hill AV, Wille-Reece U, Zak DE. The Ratiometric Transcript Signature MX2/GPR183 Is Consistently Associated With RTS,S-Mediated Protection Against Controlled Human Malaria Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:669. [PMID: 32411130 PMCID: PMC7199517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The RTS,S/AS01 vaccine provides partial protection against Plasmodium falciparum infection but determinants of protection and/or disease are unclear. Previously, anti-circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antibody titers and blood RNA signatures were associated with RTS,S/AS01 efficacy against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI). By analyzing host blood transcriptomes from five RTS,S vaccination CHMI studies, we demonstrate that the transcript ratio MX2/GPR183, measured 1 day after third immunization, discriminates protected from non-protected individuals. This ratiometric signature provides information that is complementary to anti-CSP titer levels for identifying RTS,S/AS01 immunized people who developed protective immunity and suggests a role for interferon and oxysterol signaling in the RTS,S mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Du
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | | | - Joseph Valvo
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jackie Braun
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Smitha Shankar
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | | | - Drew Dover
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jerald Sadoff
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Malcolm J. Gardner
- Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Jason A. Regules
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - Alan Aderem
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Daniel E. Zak
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, United States
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15
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Haynes WA, Haddon DJ, Diep VK, Khatri A, Bongen E, Yiu G, Balboni I, Bolen CR, Mao R, Utz PJ, Khatri P. Integrated, multicohort analysis reveals unified signature of systemic lupus erythematosus. JCI Insight 2020; 5:122312. [PMID: 31971918 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease that follows an unpredictable disease course and affects multiple organs and tissues. We performed an integrated, multicohort analysis of 7,471 transcriptomic profiles from 40 independent studies to identify robust gene expression changes associated with SLE. We identified a 93-gene signature (SLE MetaSignature) that is differentially expressed in the blood of patients with SLE compared with healthy volunteers; distinguishes SLE from other autoimmune, inflammatory, and infectious diseases; and persists across diverse tissues and cell types. The SLE MetaSignature correlated significantly with disease activity and other clinical measures of inflammation. We prospectively validated the SLE MetaSignature in an independent cohort of pediatric patients with SLE using a microfluidic quantitative PCR (qPCR) array. We found that 14 of the 93 genes in the SLE MetaSignature were independent of IFN-induced and neutrophil-related transcriptional profiles that have previously been associated with SLE. Pathway analysis revealed dysregulation associated with nucleic acid biosynthesis and immunometabolism in SLE. We further refined a neutropoiesis signature and identified underappreciated transcripts related to immune cells and oxidative stress. In our multicohort, transcriptomic analysis has uncovered underappreciated genes and pathways associated with SLE pathogenesis, with the potential to advance clinical diagnosis, biomarker development, and targeted therapeutics for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston A Haynes
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection.,Division of Biomedical Informatics Research
| | - D James Haddon
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Vivian K Diep
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Avani Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Erika Bongen
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Gloria Yiu
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Imelda Balboni
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Rong Mao
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Paul J Utz
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection.,Division of Biomedical Informatics Research
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16
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Barington L, Wanke F, Niss Arfelt K, Holst PJ, Kurschus FC, Rosenkilde MM. EBI2 in splenic and local immune responses and in autoimmunity. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:313-322. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2vmr1217-510r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Barington
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - F. Wanke
- Institute for Molecular Medicine; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - K. Niss Arfelt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - P. J. Holst
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - F. C. Kurschus
- Institute for Molecular Medicine; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz; Mainz Germany
| | - M. M. Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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17
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Rutkowska A, Shimshek DR, Sailer AW, Dev KK. EBI2 regulates pro-inflammatory signalling and cytokine release in astrocytes. Neuropharmacology 2018; 133:121-128. [PMID: 29374507 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous oxysterol 7α, 25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α25HC) ligand activates the G protein-coupled receptor EBI2 to regulate T cell-dependant antibody response and B cell migration. We have demonstrated that EBI2 is expressed in human and mouse astrocytes, that 7α25HC induces intracellular signalling and astrocyte migration, and that EBI2 plays a role in the crosstalk between astrocytes and macrophages. Recently, we demonstrate that EBI2 regulates myelin development and inhibits LPC-induced demyelination. Here, we show that 7α25HC inhibits LPS- and IL17/TNF-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine release in astrocytes. We observe the following: 1. Human astrocytes treated with IL17/TNF increases the nuclear translocation of NFκB, which is attenuated by pre-treatment with 7α25HC; 2. IL17/TNF increases cell impedance in human astrocytes, which is also attenuated by pre-treatment with 7α25HC; 3. The EBI2 antagonist NIBR189 inhibits these effects of 7α25HC, supporting the role of EBI2; 4. in vivo data corroborate these in vitro findings, showing that EBI2 knock-out (KO) animals display enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine in response to LPS challenge, in the brain. These results demonstrate a role for oxysterol/EBI2 signalling in attenuating the response of astrocytes to pro-inflammatory signals as well as limiting the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rutkowska
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Derya R Shimshek
- Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas W Sailer
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kumlesh K Dev
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Clottu AS, Mathias A, Sailer AW, Schluep M, Seebach JD, Du Pasquier R, Pot C. EBI2 Expression and Function: Robust in Memory Lymphocytes and Increased by Natalizumab in Multiple Sclerosis. Cell Rep 2017; 18:213-224. [PMID: 28052250 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between oxysterols and the G protein-coupled receptor Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 (EBI2) fine-tunes immune cell migration, a mechanism efficiently targeted by several disease-modifying treatments developed to treat multiple sclerosis (MS), such as natalizumab. We previously showed that memory CD4+ T lymphocytes migrate specifically in response to 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC) via EBI2 in the MS murine model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. However, the EBI2 expression profile in human lymphocytes in both healthy and MS donors is unknown. Here, we characterize EBI2 biology in human lymphocytes. We observed that EBI2 is functionally expressed on memory CD4+ T cells and is enhanced under natalizumab treatment. These data suggest a significant role for EBI2 in human CD4+ T cell migration, notably in patients with MS. Better knowledge of EBI2 involvement in autoimmunity may therefore lead to an improved understanding of the physiopathology of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie S Clottu
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva University Medical Center, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Division of Immunology and Allergology, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Mathias
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Andreas W Sailer
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Forum 1, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Schluep
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jörg D Seebach
- Division of Immunology and Allergology, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Renaud Du Pasquier
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Pot
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva University Medical Center, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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19
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Dietary and metabolic modulators of hepatic immunity. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 40:175-188. [PMID: 29110070 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the central metabolic organ of the organism and is thus constantly exposed to gut-derived dietary and microbial antigens. The liver maintains homoeostatic tolerance to these mostly harmless antigens. However, the liver also functions as a barrier organ to harmful pathogens and is thus permissive to liver inflammation. The regulation of the delicate balance between liver tolerance and liver inflammation is of vital importance for the organism. In recent years, a general role for dietary components and metabolites as immune mediators has been emerging. However, although the liver is exposed to a great deal of metabolic mediators, surprisingly, little is known about their actual role in the regulation of hepatic immune responses. Here, we will explore the possible impacts of metabolic mediators for homoeostatic and pathological immunity in the liver, by highlighting selected examples of metabolic immune regulation in the liver.
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20
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Analysis of the human monocyte-derived macrophage transcriptome and response to lipopolysaccharide provides new insights into genetic aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006641. [PMID: 28263993 PMCID: PMC5358891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The FANTOM5 consortium utilised cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) to provide an unprecedented insight into transcriptional regulation in human cells and tissues. In the current study, we have used CAGE-based transcriptional profiling on an extended dense time course of the response of human monocyte-derived macrophages grown in macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We propose that this system provides a model for the differentiation and adaptation of monocytes entering the intestinal lamina propria. The response to LPS is shown to be a cascade of successive waves of transient gene expression extending over at least 48 hours, with hundreds of positive and negative regulatory loops. Promoter analysis using motif activity response analysis (MARA) identified some of the transcription factors likely to be responsible for the temporal profile of transcriptional activation. Each LPS-inducible locus was associated with multiple inducible enhancers, and in each case, transient eRNA transcription at multiple sites detected by CAGE preceded the appearance of promoter-associated transcripts. LPS-inducible long non-coding RNAs were commonly associated with clusters of inducible enhancers. We used these data to re-examine the hundreds of loci associated with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in genome-wide association studies. Loci associated with IBD were strongly and specifically (relative to rheumatoid arthritis and unrelated traits) enriched for promoters that were regulated in monocyte differentiation or activation. Amongst previously-identified IBD susceptibility loci, the vast majority contained at least one promoter that was regulated in CSF1-dependent monocyte-macrophage transitions and/or in response to LPS. On this basis, we concluded that IBD loci are strongly-enriched for monocyte-specific genes, and identified at least 134 additional candidate genes associated with IBD susceptibility from reanalysis of published GWA studies. We propose that dysregulation of monocyte adaptation to the environment of the gastrointestinal mucosa is the key process leading to inflammatory bowel disease. Macrophages are immune cells that form the first line of defense against pathogens, but also mediate tissue damage in inflammatory disease. Macrophages initiate inflammation by recognising and responding to components of bacterial cells. Macrophages of the wall of the gut are constantly replenished from the blood. Upon entering the intestine, newly-arrived cells modulate their response to stimuli derived from the bacteria in the wall of the gut. This process fails in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Both the major forms of IBD, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, run in families. The inheritance is complex, involving more than 200 different regions of the genome. We hypothesised that the genetic risk of IBD is associated specifically with altered regulation of genes that control the development of macrophages. In this study, we used the comprehensive transcriptome dataset produced by the FANTOM5 consortium to identify the sets of promoters and enhancers that are involved in adaptation of macrophages to the gut wall, their response to bacterial stimuli, and how their functions are integrated. A reanalysis of published genome-wide association data based upon regulated genes in monocytes as candidates strongly supports the view that susceptibility to IBD arises from a primary defect in macrophage differentiation.
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21
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Luan HH, Medzhitov R. Food Fight: Role of Itaconate and Other Metabolites in Antimicrobial Defense. Cell Metab 2016; 24:379-387. [PMID: 27626199 PMCID: PMC5024735 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Itaconate is a newly discovered mammalian metabolite bearing significant implications for our understanding of cellular immunometabolism and antimicrobial defense. Here, we explore recent findings regarding the role of itaconate in the innate immune response and highlight the emerging principle that metabolites can have distinct immunological functions independent of bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harding H Luan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique DC subset that specializes in the production of type I interferons (IFNs). pDCs promote antiviral immune responses and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases that are characterized by a type I IFN signature. However, pDCs can also induce tolerogenic immune responses. In this Review, we summarize recent progress in the field of pDC biology, focusing on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the development and functions of pDCs, the pathways involved in their sensing of pathogens and endogenous nucleic acids, their functions at mucosal sites, and their roles in infection, autoimmunity and cancer.
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23
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Karuna R, Christen I, Sailer AW, Bitsch F, Zhang J. Detection of dihydroxycholesterols in human plasma using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Steroids 2015; 99:131-8. [PMID: 25683891 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a straightforward sample preparation procedure and a direct liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the analysis of 7alpha,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α25-OHC) and 7alpha,27-dihydroxycholesterol (7α27-OHC). By applying a slow protein precipitation approach using cold ethanol, we were able to detect and quantify 7α25-OHC and 7α27-OHC in a fast and reliable manner. The average concentrations from 20 healthy individuals were determined to be 0.21±0.05nM for 7α25-OHC and 3.4±0.1nM for 7α27-OHC. In addition, we are the first to report the average degrees of esterification (n=8) to be 73.8% and 82% for 7α25-OHC and 7α27-OHC, respectively. Using the established method, we achieved the sensitivity sufficient for detecting low abundant dihydroxylated oxysterols in healthy individuals. This result should enable extension of these studies towards a comprehensive analysis of oxysterol levels under disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Karuna
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Isabelle Christen
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas W Sailer
- Developmental & Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francis Bitsch
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juan Zhang
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
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24
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Sun S, Liu C. 7α, 25-dihydroxycholesterol-mediated activation of EBI2 in immune regulation and diseases. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:60. [PMID: 25852561 PMCID: PMC4371701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
EBI2, aka GPR183, is a G-couple receptor originally identified in 1993 as one of main genes induced in Burkitt’s lymphoma cell line BL41 by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. After it was reported in 2009 that the receptor played a key role in regulating B cell migration and responses, we initiated an effort in looking for its endogenous ligand. In 2011 we and another group reported the identification of 7α, 25-dihydroxyxcholesterol (7α, 25-OHC), an oxysterol, as the likely physiological ligand of EBI2. A few subsequently published studies further elucidated how 7α, 25-OHC bound to EBI2, and how a gradient of 7α, 25-OHC could be generated in vivo and regulated migration, activation, and functions of B cells, T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes/macrophages, and astrocytes. The identification of 7α, 25-OHC as a G protein-coupled receptor ligand revealed a previously unknown signaling system of oxysterols, a class of molecules which exert profound biological functions. Dysregulation of the synthesis or functions of these molecules is believed to contribute to inflammation and autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer as well as metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Therefore EBI2 may represent a promising target for therapeutic interventions for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siquan Sun
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, San Diego CA, USA
| | - Changlu Liu
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, San Diego CA, USA
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25
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Arfelt KN, Fares S, Rosenkilde MM. EBV, the Human Host, and the 7TM Receptors. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 129:395-427. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Cholesterol and components of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway have fundamental roles in all mammalian cells. Hydroxylated forms of cholesterol are now emerging as important regulators of immune function. This involves effects on the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and cell membrane properties, which can have antiviral and anti-inflammatory influences. In addition, a dihydroxylated form of cholesterol functions as an immune cell guidance cue by engaging the G protein-coupled receptor EBI2, and it is required for mounting adaptive immune responses. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of the closely related oxysterols 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol, and the growing evidence that they have wide-ranging influences on innate and adaptive immunity.
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27
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Daugvilaite V, Arfelt KN, Benned-Jensen T, Sailer AW, Rosenkilde MM. Oxysterol-EBI2 signaling in immune regulation and viral infection. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1904-12. [PMID: 24810762 PMCID: PMC4209795 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induced gene 2 (EBI2; also known as GPR183) was identified in 1993 on the basis of its substantial upregulation in EBV-infected cells. It is primarily expressed in lymphoid cells; most abundantly in B cells. EBI2 is central for the positioning of B cells within the lymphoid organs, a process that is regulated in part by a chemotactic gradient formed by the endogenous lipid agonists, and in part by a fine-tuned regulation of EBI2 cell surface expression. The most potent endogenous EBI2 agonist is 7α, 25-dihydroxyxcholesterol (7α,25-OHC), yet many structurally related oxysterols can bind to an EBI2 pocket that is defined by the upper parts of the transmembrane helices and extracellular receptor regions. EBI2 signals via Gαi, as well as via G protein-independent pathways like β-arrestin recruitment. The concerted action of these pathways leads to cell migration. By genetically interfering with its up- and downregulation, EBI2 was also recently shown to induce cell proliferation, an action that could be inhibited by small molecule antagonists. Here, we focus on the oxysterol-EBI2 axis in immune control, including its role in the EBV life cycle. We also summarize the structural and functional properties of EBI2 interaction with oxysterol agonists and small molecule antagonists and discuss EBI2 as therapeutic target for diseases of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Daugvilaite
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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