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Zhu YR, Zhang XY, Wu QP, Yu CJ, Liu YY, Zhang YQ. PF-06409577 Activates AMPK Signaling and Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cell Growth. Front Oncol 2021; 11:659181. [PMID: 34336655 PMCID: PMC8316637 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common primary bone malignancy. We here investigated the potential activity of PF-06409577, a novel, potent, and direct activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), against human OS cells. In established (U2OS, MG-63, and SaOs-2 lines) and primary human OS cells, PF-06409577 inhibited cell viability and proliferation, while inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. PF-06409577 induced AMPK activation, mTORC1 inhibition, autophagy induction, and downregulation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inOS cells. AMPK inactivation by AMPKα1 shRNA, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, or dominant negative mutation (T172A) was able to abolish PF-06409577-induced activity in OS cells. In vivo, PF-06409577 oral administration at well-tolerated doses potently inhibited growth of U2OS cells and primary human OS cells in severe combined immunodeficient mice. AMPK activation, mTORC1 inhibition, autophagy induction, as well as RTK degradation and apoptosis activation were detected in PF-06409577-treated xenografts. In conclusion, activation of AMPK by PF-06409577 inhibits OS cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Rong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, China
| | - Cheng-Jian Yu
- Department of Emergency, 900 Hospital of The Joint Logistics Team, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzong Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Clinical Research & Lab Center, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Yun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin, China
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2
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AMPK activation by ASP4132 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer cell growth. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:365. [PMID: 33824293 PMCID: PMC8024326 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is able to produce significant anti-non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell activity. ASP4132 is an orally active and highly effective AMPK activator. The current study tested its activity against NSCLC cells. In primary NSCLC cells and established cell lines (A549 and NCI-H1944) ASP4132 potently inhibited cell growth, proliferation and cell cycle progression as well as cell migration and invasion. Robust apoptosis activation was detected in ASP4132-treated NSCLC cells. Furthermore, ASP4132 treatment in NSCLC cells induced programmed necrosis, causing mitochondrial p53-cyclophilin D (CyPD)-adenine nucleotide translocase 1 (ANT1) association, mitochondrial depolarization and medium lactate dehydrogenase release. In NSCLC cells ASP4132 activated AMPK signaling, induced AMPKα1-ACC phosphorylation and increased AMPK activity. Furthermore, AMPK downstream events, including mTORC1 inhibition, receptor tyrosine kinases (PDGFRα and EGFR) degradation, Akt inhibition and autophagy induction, were detected in ASP4132-treated NSCLC cells. Importantly, AMPK inactivation by AMPKα1 shRNA, knockout (using CRISPR/Cas9 strategy) or dominant negative mutation (T172A) almost reversed ASP4132-induced anti-NSCLC cell activity. Conversely, a constitutively active AMPKα1 (T172D) mimicked and abolished ASP4132-induced actions in NSCLC cells. In vivo, oral administration of a single dose of ASP4132 largely inhibited NSCLC xenograft growth in SCID mice. AMPK activation, mTORC1 inhibition and EGFR-PDGFRα degradation as well as Akt inhibition and autophagy induction were detected in ASP4132-treated NSCLC xenograft tumor tissues. Together, activation of AMPK by ASP4132 potently inhibits NSCLC cell growth in vitro and in vivo.
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3
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Hwang KE, Kim HJ, Song IS, Park C, Jung JW, Park DS, Oh SH, Kim YS, Kim HR. Salinomycin suppresses TGF-β1-induced EMT by down-regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 via the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:715-726. [PMID: 33437206 PMCID: PMC7797542 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.50080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinomycin (Sal) is a recently identified anti-tumor drug for treating several types of solid tumor; however, its effects on the migratory and invasive properties of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. This study investigated the inhibitory effect underlying mechanisms of Salon transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration. Sal solidly blocked cell migration and invasion enhancement by TGF-β1-induced EMT, through recovering E-cadherin loss and suppressing mesenchymal markers induction, as well as TGF-β1-mediated AMPK/SIRT signaling activity upregulation. The pharmacologic inhibition or knockdown of AMPK or SIRT1 can act synergistically with Sal to inhibit TGF-β1-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9. In contrast, AMPK or SIRT1 upregulation can protect against TGF-β1-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibition by Sal. Next we demonstrated that the MMP-2 and MMP-9 knockdown can act synergistically with Sal to inhibit TGF-β1-induced EMT. Moreover, treatment of PMA of MMP activator increased TGF-β1-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9, even with Sal. Our results demonstrate that Sal suppresses TGF-β1-induced EMT by downregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 through the AMPK/SIRT pathway, thereby inhibiting lung cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Eun Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sol Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wan Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Sim Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Oh
- Department of Premedicine, Chosun University, School of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Medical Convergence Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Ryul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University, School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
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4
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García-Heredia JM, Carnero A. Role of Mitochondria in Cancer Stem Cell Resistance. Cells 2020; 9:E1693. [PMID: 32679735 PMCID: PMC7407626 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are associated with the mechanisms of chemoresistance to different cytotoxic drugs or radiotherapy, as well as with tumor relapse and a poor prognosis. Various studies have shown that mitochondria play a central role in these processes because of the ability of this organelle to modify cell metabolism, allowing survival and avoiding apoptosis clearance of cancer cells. Thus, the whole mitochondrial cycle, from its biogenesis to its death, either by mitophagy or by apoptosis, can be targeted by different drugs to reduce mitochondrial fitness, allowing for a restored or increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Once mitochondrial misbalance is induced by a specific drug in any of the processes of mitochondrial metabolism, two elements are commonly boosted: an increment in reactive nitrogen/oxygen species and, subsequently, activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel García-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. de la Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Varisli L, Cen O, Vlahopoulos S. Dissecting pharmacological effects of chloroquine in cancer treatment: interference with inflammatory signaling pathways. Immunology 2020; 159:257-278. [PMID: 31782148 PMCID: PMC7011648 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroquines are 4-aminoquinoline-based drugs mainly used to treat malaria. At pharmacological concentrations, they have significant effects on tissue homeostasis, targeting diverse signaling pathways in mammalian cells. A key target pathway is autophagy, which regulates macromolecule turnover in the cell. In addition to affecting cellular metabolism and bioenergetic flow equilibrium, autophagy plays a pivotal role at the interface between inflammation and cancer progression. Chloroquines consequently have critical effects in tissue metabolic activity and importantly, in key functions of the immune system. In this article, we will review the work addressing the role of chloroquines in the homeostasis of mammalian tissue, and the potential strengths and weaknesses concerning their use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Varisli
- Union of Education and Science Workers (EGITIM SEN), Diyarbakir Branch, Diyarbakir, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Osman Cen
- Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Joliet Jr College, Joliet, IL, USA
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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6
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Liang J, Zhang XY, Zhen YF, Chen C, Tan H, Hu J, Tan MS. PGK1 depletion activates Nrf2 signaling to protect human osteoblasts from dexamethasone. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:888. [PMID: 31767834 PMCID: PMC6877585 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Activation of nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) cascade can alleviate dexamethasone (DEX)-induced oxidative injury and death of human osteoblasts. A recent study has shown that phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) inhibition/depletion will lead to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) methylglyoxal modification, thereby activating Nrf2 signaling cascade. Here, in OB-6 osteoblastic cells and primary human osteoblasts, PGK1 silencing, by targeted shRNA, induced Nrf2 signaling cascade activation, causing Nrf2 protein stabilization and nuclear translocation, as well as increased expression of ARE-dependent genes (HO1, NQO1, and GCLC). Functional studies demonstrated that PGK1 shRNA largely attenuated DEX-induced oxidative injury and following death of OB-6 cells and primary osteoblasts. Furthermore, PGK1 knockout, by the CRISPR/Cas9 method, similarly induced Nrf2 signaling activation and protected osteoblasts from DEX. Importantly, PGK1 depletion-induced osteoblast cytoprotection against DEX was almost abolished by Nrf2 shRNA. In addition, Keap1 shRNA mimicked and nullified PGK1 shRNA-induced anti-DEX osteoblast cytoprotection. At last we show that PGK1 expression is downregulated in human necrotic femoral head tissues of DEX-taking patients, correlating with HO1 depletion. Collectively, these results show that PGK1 depletion protects human osteoblasts from DEX via activation of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqian Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhen
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Children's Bone Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haining Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Ming-Sheng Tan
- Spinal Surgery, Sino-Japanese Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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7
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Fan JB, Liu W, Zhu XH, Cui SY, Cui ZM, Zhao JN. microRNA-7 inhibition protects human osteoblasts from dexamethasone via activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 460:113-121. [PMID: 31313024 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sustained dexamethasone (Dex) treatment could induce secondary osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, or even bone fractures. Dex can induce potent cytotoxicity in cultured human osteoblasts. The aim of this study was to test the potential role of microRNA-7 (miR-7), which targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), in Dex-treated human osteoblasts. In OB-6, hFOB1.19, and primary human osteoblasts, miR-7 depletion by a lentiviral antagomiR-7 construct (LV-antagomiR-7) increased EGFR expression and downstream Akt activation, protecting cells from Dex-induced viability reduction, cell death, and apoptosis. In contrast, forced overexpression of miR-7 by a lentiviral miR-7 construct (LV-miR-7) inhibited EGFR expression and Akt activation, potentiating Dex-induced cytotoxicity in OB-6, hFOB1.19, and primary human osteoblasts. EGFR is the primary target of miR-7 in human osteoblasts. Luciferase activity of the EGFR 3-untranslated region was enhanced by LV-antagomiR-7, but decreased by LV-miR-7 in OB-6 cells. Further, LV-antagomiR-7-induced osteoblast cytoprotection against Dex was abolished by the EGFR inhibitors AG1478 and PD153035. Moreover, neither LV-antagomiR-7 nor LV-miR-7 was functional in EGFR-KO OB-6 cells. We also show that miR-7 is upregulated in the necrotic femoral head tissues of Dex-administered patients, correlating with EGFR downregulation. Together, we conclude that miR-7 inhibition protects human osteoblasts from Dex via activation of EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hui Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Yu Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ming Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Belanova A, Beseda D, Chmykhalo V, Stepanova A, Belousova M, Khrenkova V, Gavalas N, Zolotukhin P. Berberine Effects on NFκB, HIF1A and NFE2L2/AP-1 Pathways in HeLa Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:487-501. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666181211121405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Berberine has multitudinous anti-cancer stem cells effects making it a highly promising
candidate substance for the next-generation cancer therapy. However, berberine modes of action predispose it to
significant side-effects that probably limit its clinical testing and application.
Materials and Methods:
HeLa cells were treated with two concentrations of berberine (30 and 100 µM) for 24
hours to assess the functioning of the NFE2L2/AP-1, NFκB and HIF1A pathways using 22 RNAs expression
qPCR-based analysis.
Results:
Berberine effects appeared to be highly dose-dependent, with the lower concentration being capable of
suppressing the NFκB functioning and the higher concentration causing severe signaling side-effects seen in the
HIF1A pathway and the NFE2L2 sub-pathways, and especially and more importantly in the AP-1 sub-pathway.
Conclusion:
The results of the study suggest that berberine has clinically valuable anti-NFκB effects however
jeopardized by its side effects on the HIF1A and especially NFE2L2/AP-1 pathways, its therapeutic window
phenomenon and its cancer type-specificity. These, however, may be ameliorated using the cocktail approach,
provided there is enough data on signaling effects of berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Belanova
- Biomedical Innovations LLC, 112 Mechnikova st., 344013, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Darya Beseda
- Biomedical Innovations LLC, 112 Mechnikova st., 344013, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Victor Chmykhalo
- Biomedical Innovations LLC, 112 Mechnikova st., 344013, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Alisa Stepanova
- Biomedical Innovations LLC, 112 Mechnikova st., 344013, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Mariya Belousova
- English Language Department for Natural Sciences Faculties, Southern Federal University, 5 Sorge st., 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Vera Khrenkova
- Rostov State Medical University, 119 Suvorova st., 344022, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolaos Gavalas
- Division of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vas. Sofias Av., 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Peter Zolotukhin
- Biomedical Innovations LLC, 112 Mechnikova st., 344013, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
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9
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Antoszczak M, Huczyński A. Salinomycin and its derivatives - A new class of multiple-targeted "magic bullets". Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:208-227. [PMID: 31103901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The history of drug development clearly shows the scale of painstaking effort leading to a finished product - a highly biologically active agent that would be at the same time no or little toxic to human organism. Moreover, the aim of modern drug discovery can move from "one-molecule one-target" concept to more promising "one-molecule multiple-targets" one, particularly in the context of effective fight against cancer and other complex diseases. Gratifyingly, natural compounds are excellent source of potential drug leads. One of such promising naturally-occurring drug candidates is a polyether ionophore - salinomycin (SAL). This compound should be identified as multi-target agent for two reasons. Firstly, SAL combines a broad spectrum of bioactivity, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic and anticancer activity, with high selectivity of action, proving its significant therapeutic potential. Secondly, the multimodal mechanism of action of SAL has been shown to be related to its interactions with multiple molecular targets and signalling pathways that are synergistic for achieving a therapeutic anticancer effect. On the other hand, according to the Paul Ehrlich's "magic bullet" concept, invariably inspiring the scientists working on design of novel target-selective molecules, a very interesting direction of research is rational chemical modification of SAL. Importantly, many of SAL derivatives have been found to be more promising as chemotherapeutics than the native structure. This concise review article is focused both on the possible role of SAL and its selected analogues in future antimicrobial and/or cancer therapy, and on the potential use of SAL as a new class of multiple-targeted "magic bullet" because of its multimodal mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Antoszczak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61‒614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Huczyński
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61‒614, Poznań, Poland.
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10
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A comprehensive review of salinomycin derivatives as potent anticancer and anti-CSCs agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:48-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Antoszczak M. A medicinal chemistry perspective on salinomycin as a potent anticancer and anti-CSCs agent. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 164:366-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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12
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Fu C, Wang L, Tian G, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Xu H, Su M, Wang Y. Enhanced anticancer effect of oncostatin M combined with salinomycin in CD133 + HepG2 liver cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1798-1806. [PMID: 30675240 PMCID: PMC6341778 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) induces the differentiation of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) and increases sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil, whereas salinomycin (Sal) induces apoptosis in cancer stem cells and inhibits the proliferation of liver cancer cells. However, there have been no studies investigating the anticancer effects of combination treatment with OSM and Sal. In the present study, we investigated the synergistic effects of OSM and Sal on LCSCs, the CD133+ subpopulations from HepG2 human liver cancer cells. CD133+ LCSCs were isolated using an immunomagnetic bead technique and identified through colony formation. After incubating with OSM and Sal, the ability of LCSC proliferation and invasion, as well as apoptosis rates were evaluated, and the expression of stemness-related genes was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, the secretion of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and albumin (ALB) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results indicated that OSM combined with Sal significantly suppressed LCSC proliferation and invasion and induced apoptosis, as determined by flow cytometry and increases in cleaved caspase-3 levels detected by western blotting. The results of the JC-1 staining assay indicated that this effect involved the mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, combination treatment reduced the expression of CD133 in LCSCs and suppressed stemness-related gene expression. Furthermore, the LCSCs produced lower levels of AFP and higher levels of ALB following combination treatment. In all experiments, combination treatment elicited more efficient anticancer effects on LCSCs as compared with single-drug treatment; therefore, our results demonstrated that combined treatment with OSM and Sal inhibited proliferation and induced differentiation and apoptosis in LCSCs, suggesting combined use of OSM and Sal as a therapeutic strategy for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Fu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Geer Tian
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Manman Su
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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13
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Salinomycin ameliorates oxidative hepatic damage through AMP-activated protein kinase, facilitating autophagy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 360:141-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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14
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Huang M, Liu B, Liu R, Li J, Chen J, Jiang F, Ding H, Deng Z, Liu T. Aglycone Polyether Nanchangmycin and Its Homologues Exhibit Apoptotic and Antiproliferative Activities against Cancer Stem Cells. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2018; 1:84-95. [PMID: 32219205 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.8b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The potential of the polyether salinomycin as an inhibitory agent against cancer stem cells has attracted interest in this family of compounds. In this study, we found that the aglycone polyether nanchangmycin and its homologues show promising activities against breast cancer stem cells as well as 38 other different types of cancer cells by in vitro assays. We found that aglycone polyethers caused elevations in calcium levels, an accumulation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial inner membrane permeability to H+ and K+, resulting in the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor and the triggering of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Our analyses also indicate that aglycone polyethers are potent Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitors, blocking the Wnt pathway and resulting in reduced cell survival. Notably, the key autophagy-related proteins LC3A/B were also activated by aglycone polyether treatment. Furthermore, nanchangmycin showed inhibitory effects toward somatic tumors developed from MCF-7 paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cells injected into BALB/c mice. Our study not only provides promising candidates for therapy against cancer stem cells but also provides the groundwork for identifying stronger therapeutic agents among the natural polyether compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,J1 Biotech Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jilei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fenglei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430075, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Hubei Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430075, China
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15
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Chen MB, Liu YY, Xing ZY, Zhang ZQ, Jiang Q, Lu PH, Cao C. Itraconazole-Induced Inhibition on Human Esophageal Cancer Cell Growth Requires AMPK Activation. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1229-1239. [PMID: 29592879 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We here evaluated the antiesophageal cancer cell activity by the antifungal drug itraconazole. Our results show that μg/mL concentrations of itraconazole potently inhibited survival and proliferation of established (TE-1 and Eca-109) and primary human esophageal cancer cells. Itraconazole activated AMPK signaling, which was required for subsequent esophageal cancer cell death. Pharmacologic AMPK inhibition, AMPKα1 shRNA, or dominant negative mutation (T172A) almost completely abolished itraconazole-induced cytotoxicity against esophageal cancer cells. Significantly, itraconazole induced AMPK-dependent autophagic cell death (but not apoptosis) in esophageal cancer cells. Furthermore, AMPK activation by itraconazole induced multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs: EGFR, PDGFRα, and PDGFRβ), lysosomal translocation, and degradation to inhibit downstream Akt activation. In vivo, itraconazole oral gavage potently inhibited Eca-109 tumor growth in SCID mice. It was yet ineffective against AMPKα1 shRNA-expressing Eca-109 tumors. The in vivo growth of the primary human esophageal cancer cells was also significantly inhibited by itraconazole administration. AMPK activation, RTK degradation, and Akt inhibition were observed in itraconazole-treated tumors. Together, itraconazole inhibits esophageal cancer cell growth via activating AMPK signaling. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(6); 1229-39. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Bin Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Clinical Research and Lab Center, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Xing
- The Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Pei-Hua Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Cong Cao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China. .,The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Municipal Hospital of Suzhou, North District, Suzhou, China
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16
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Li ZW, Zhu YR, Zhou XZ, Zhuo BB, Wang XD. microRNA-135b expression silences Ppm1e to provoke AMPK activation and inhibit osteoblastoma cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26424-26433. [PMID: 28460435 PMCID: PMC5432269 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Forced-activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can possibly inhibit osteoblastoma cells. Here, we aim to provoke AMPK activation via microRNA silencing its phosphatase Ppm1e (protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1e). We showed that microRNA-135b-5p (“miR-135b-5p”), the anti-Ppm1e microRNA, was significantly downregulated in human osteoblastoma tissues. It was correlated with Ppm1e upregulation and AMPKα1 de-phosphorylation. Forced-expression of miR-135b-5p in human osteoblastoma cells (MG-63 and U2OS lines) silenced Ppm1e, and induced a profound AMPKα1 phosphorylation (at Thr-172). Osteoblastoma cell proliferation was inhibited after miR-135b-5p expression. Intriguingly, Ppm1e shRNA knockdown similarly induced AMPKα1 phosphorylation, causing osteoblastoma cell proliferation. Reversely, AMPKα1 shRNA knockdown or dominant negative mutation almost abolished miR-135b-5p's actions in osteoblastoma cells. Further in vivo studies demonstrated that U2OS tumor growth in mice was dramatically inhibited after expressing miR-135b-5p or Ppm1e shRNA. Together, our results suggest that miR-135b-induced Ppm1e silence induces AMPK activation to inhibit osteoblastoma cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Li
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Children's Bone Diseases, The Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun-Rong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin City, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of SuQian, SuQian, China
| | - Bao-Biao Zhuo
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Children's Bone Diseases, The Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Children's Bone Diseases, The Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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17
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Fan JB, Liu W, Zhu XH, Yi H, Cui SY, Zhao JN, Cui ZM. microRNA-25 targets PKCζ and protects osteoblastic cells from dexamethasone via activating AMPK signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3226-3236. [PMID: 27911275 PMCID: PMC5356877 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation could protect osteoblasts from dexamethasone (Dex). This study aims to provoke AMPK activation via microRNA downregulation of its negative regulator protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ). Results show that microRNA-25-5p (miR-25-5p) targets PKCζ's 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs). Forced-expression of miR-25 downregulated PKCζ and activated AMPK in human osteoblastic cells (OB-6 and hFOB1.19 lines), which thereafter protected cells from Dex. Reversely, expression of antagomiR-25, the miR-25 inhibitor, upregulated PKCζ and inhibited AMPK activation, exacerbating Dex damages. Notably, PKCζ shRNA knockdown similarly activated AMPK and protected osteoblastic cells from Dex. AMPK activation was required for miR-25-induced osteoblastic cell protection. AMPKα shRNA or dominant negative mutation almost completely blocked miR-25-induced cytoprotection against Dex. Further studies showed that miR-25 expression increased NADPH activity and suppressed Dex-induced oxidative stress in osteoblastic cells. Such effects by miR-25 were abolished with AMPKα knockdown or mutation. Significantly, miR-25-5p level was increased in patients’ necrotic femoral head tissues, which was correlated with PKCζ downregulation and AMPK hyper-activation. These results suggest that miR-25-5p targets PKCζ and protects osteoblastic cells from Dex possibly via activating AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xin-Hui Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hong Yi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sheng-Yu Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ming Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
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18
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Fan JB, Ruan JW, Liu W, Zhu LQ, Zhu XH, Yi H, Cui SY, Zhao JN, Cui ZM. miR-135b expression downregulates Ppm1e to activate AMPK signaling and protect osteoblastic cells from dexamethasone. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70613-70622. [PMID: 27661114 PMCID: PMC5342578 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) could potently protect osteoblasts/osteoblastic cells from dexamethasone (Dex). We aim to induce AMPK activation via microRNA ("miRNA") downregulation of its phosphatase Ppm1e. We discovered that microRNA-135b ("miR-135b") targets the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of Ppm1e. In human osteoblasticOB-6 cells and hFOB1.19 cells, forced-expression of miR-135b downregulated Ppm1e and activated AMPK signaling. miR-135b also protected osteoblastic cells from Dex. shRNA-induced knockdown of Ppm1e similarly activated AMPK and inhibited Dex-induced damages. Intriguingly, in the Ppm1e-silenced osteoblastic cells, miR-135b expression failed to offer further cytoprotection against Dex. Notably, AMPK knockdown (via shRNA) or dominant negative mutation abolished miR-135b-induced AMPK activation and cytoprotection against Dex. Molecularly, miR-135b, via activating AMPK, increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) activity and inhibited Dex-induced oxidative stress. At last, we found that miR-135b level was increased in human necrotic femoral head tissues, which was correlated with Ppm1e downregulation and AMPK activation. There results suggest that miR-135b expression downregulates Ppm1e to activate AMPK signaling, which protects osteoblastic cells from Dex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Fan
- The Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jian-Wei Ruan
- The Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lun-Qing Zhu
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Childrens' Bone Disease, Childrens' Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xin-Hui Zhu
- The Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hong Yi
- The Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sheng-Yu Cui
- The Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ming Cui
- The Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, PR China
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19
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Identification of DNA-PKcs as a primary resistance factor of salinomycin in osteosarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79417-79427. [PMID: 27765904 PMCID: PMC5346724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant osteosarcoma (OS) is still a deadly disease for many affected patients. The search for the novel anti-OS agent is extremely urgent and important. Our previous study has proposed that salinomycin is a novel anti-OS agent. Here we characterized DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) as a primary salinomycin resistance factor in OS cells. DNA-PKcs inhibitors (NU7026, NU7441 and LY294002) or DNA-PKcs shRNA knockdown dramatically potentiated salinomycin-induced death and apoptosis of OS cells (U2OS and MG-63 lines). Further, forced-expression of microRNA-101 (“miR-101”) downregulated DNA-PKcs and augmented salinomycin's cytotoxicity against OS cells. Reversely, over-expression of DNA-PKcs in OS cells inhibited salinomycin's lethality. For the mechanism study, we show that DNA-PKcs is required for salinomycin-induced pro-survival autophagy activation. DNA-PKcs inhibition (by NU7441), shRNA knockdown or miR-101 expression inhibited salinomycin-induced Beclin-1 expression and autophagy induction. Meanwhile, knockdown of Beclin-1 by shRNA significantly sensitized salinomycin-induced OS cell lethality. In vivo, salinomycin administration suppressed U2OS xenograft tumor growth in severe combined immuno-deficient (SCID) mice, and its anti-tumor activity was dramatically potentiated with co-administration of the DNA-PKcs inhibitor NU7026. Together, these results suggest that DNA-PKcs could be a primary resistance factor of salinomycin in OS cells. DNA-PKcs inhibition or silence may thus significantly increase salinomycin's sensitivity in OS cells.
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20
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Jiang J, Li H, Qaed E, Zhang J, Song Y, Wu R, Bu X, Wang Q, Tang Z. Salinomycin, as an autophagy modulator-- a new avenue to anticancer: a review. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:26. [PMID: 29433536 PMCID: PMC5809980 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since Salinomycin (Sal) emerged its ability to target breast cancer stem cells in 2009, numerous experiments have been carried out to test Sal’s anticancer effects. What deserve to be mentioned is that Sal can efficiently induce proliferation inhibition, cell death and metastasis suppression against human cancers from different origins both in vivo and in vitro without causing serious side effects as the conventional chemotherapeutical drugs on the body. There may be novel cell death pathways involving the anticancer effects of Sal except the conventional pathways, such as autophagic pathway. This review is focused on how autophagy involves the effects of Sal, trying to describe clearly and systematically why autophagy plays a vital role in predominant anticancer effects of Sal, including its distinctive characteristic. Based on recent advances, we present evidence that a dual role of Sal involving in autophagy may account for its unique anticancer effects - the preference for cancer cells. Further researches are required to confirm the authenticity of this suppose in order to develop an ideal anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 west section, south road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 west section, south road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Eskandar Qaed
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 west section, south road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 west section, south road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yushu Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 west section, south road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 west section, south road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xinmiao Bu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 west section, south road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Qinyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 west section, south road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zeyao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 9 west section, south road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
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21
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Wu J, Zhou X, Fan Y, Cheng X, Lu B, Chen Z. Long non-coding RNA 00312 downregulates cyclin B1 and inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:173-180. [PMID: 29432732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs are dysregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We tested the potential effect of long non-coding RNA 00312 ("Lnc00312") on human HCC cell behavior in vitro and in vivo. Forced-expression of Lnc00312 by a lentiviral vector induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in HepG2 cells and primary human HCC cells. Lnc00312 downregulated cyclin B1 and induced G2-M cell cycle arrest in HCC cells. Restoring cyclin B1 expression by a cyclin B1 cDNA construct inhibited Lnc00312-induced cytotoxicity against HCC cells. Conversely, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Lnc00312 increased cyclin B1 expression and promoted HepG2 cell proliferation. In vivo, the growth of HepG2 xenograft tumors in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice was largely inhibited after expression of Lnc00312. Significantly, Lnc00312 is downregulated in human HCC tissues, which is negatively correlated with the tumor grade. Overall, Lnc00312 inhibits human HCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Cyclin B1 could be a key target protein of Lnc00312 in human HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yilei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangwei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhe Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Gastro-Intestinal Pathophysiology, Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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22
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Li T, Liu X, Shen Q, Yang W, Huo Z, Liu Q, Jiao H, Chen J. Salinomycin exerts anti-angiogenic and anti-tumorigenic activities by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-mediated angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26580-92. [PMID: 27058891 PMCID: PMC5042000 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenesis targeting VEGFR2 has been an attractive strategy for cancer therapy for its role in promoting cancer growth and metastasis. However, the currently available drugs have unexpected side effects. Therefore, development of novel VEGFR2 inhibitors with less toxicity would be of great value. In this study, we describe a novel and safely VEGFR2 inhibitor, Salinomycin (Sal), which was screened from the drug libraries of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and prohibited the binding of the ATP at its binding pocket of VEGFR2 using molecular docking model. Sal could interfere a series of VEGF-induced angiogenesis processes including proliferation, migration, and tube formation in HUVECS in vitro. Matrigel plug model demonstrated Sal strongly inhibited angiogenesis in vivo. We found that Sal significantly decreased VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and its downstream STAT3 in dose- and time-dependent manner in HUVECs. Besides, Sal could directly reduce the cell viability and induce apoptosis in SGC-7901 cancer cells in vitro. Sal inhibited constitutive STAT3 activation by blocking its DNA binding and reduced various gene products including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and VEGF both at mRNA and protein levels. Intra-peritoneal injection of Sal at doses of 3 and 5 mg/kg/day markedly suppressed human gastric cancer xenografts angiogenesis and growth without causing obvious toxicities. Taken together, Sal inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth of gastric cancer; our results reveal unique characteristics of Sal as a promising anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of the Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ningxia Medical University), Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qin Shen
- Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ningxia Medical University), Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ningxia Medical University), Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Zhenghao Huo
- Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ningxia Medical University), Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qilun Liu
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of the Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Haiyan Jiao
- Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ningxia Medical University), Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medical Genetic and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance (Ningxia Medical University), Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China
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23
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Kaempferol induces autophagic cell death of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via activating AMPK signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86227-86239. [PMID: 29156790 PMCID: PMC5689680 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we demonstrate that Kaempferol inhibited survival and proliferation of established human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines (HepG2, Huh-7, BEL7402, and SMMC) and primary human HCC cells. Kaempferol treatment in HCC cells induced profound AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, which led to Ulk1 phosphorylation, mTOR complex 1 inhibition and cell autophagy. Autophagy induction was reflected by Beclin-1/autophagy gene 5 upregulation and p62 degradation as well as light chain 3B (LC3B)-I to LC3B-II conversion and LC3B puncta formation. Inhibition of AMPK, via AMPKα1 shRNA or dominant negative mutation, reversed above signaling changes. AMPK inhibition also largely inhibited Kaempferol-induced cytotoxicity in HCC cells. Autophagy inhibition, by 3-methyaldenine or Beclin-1 shRNA, also protected HCC cells from Kaempferol. Kaempferol downregulated melanoma antigen 6, the AMPK ubiquitin ligase, causing AMPKα1 stabilization and accumulation. We conclude that Kaempferol inhibits human HCC cells via activating AMPK signaling.
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24
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Autophagy inhibition enhances antiproliferative effect of salinomycin in pancreatic cancer cells. Pancreatology 2017; 17:990-996. [PMID: 28927939 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinomycin has cytotoxic effects on various types of malignancy and induces autophagy. However, it has not been clarified whether autophagy induced by salinomycin treatment has a protective or cytotoxic role. We investigated whether salinomycin affects autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells and whether autophagy induced by salinomycin treatment has a protective or cytotoxic role in these cells. METHODS We investigated the effect of salinomycin using three pancreatic cancer cell lines. We investigated effect on proliferation and the CD133 positive fraction using flow cytometry. In addition, we monitored the change in autophagic activity after salinomycin treatment using fluorescent immunostaining, western blotting, and flow cytometry. Finally, knockdown of ATG5 or ATG7 by siRNA was used to investigate the impact of autophagy inhibition on sensitivity to salinomycin. RESULTS Salinomycin suppressed the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in a concentration dependent manner, and reduced the CD133 positive fraction. Salinomycin enhanced autophagy activity in these cells in a concentration dependent manner. Autophagy inhibition made pancreatic cancer cells more sensitive to salinomycin. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide the first evidence indicating that autophagy induced by salinomycin have a protective role in pancreatic cancer cells. A new therapeutic strategy of combining salinomycin, autophagy inhibitors, and anticancer drugs could hold promise for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Cheng Q, Ma Z, Gong G, Deng Z, Xu K, Wang G, Wei Y, Zou X. Silencing protein kinase C ζ by microRNA-25-5p activates AMPK signaling and inhibits colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65329-65338. [PMID: 29029434 PMCID: PMC5630334 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing novel strategies against human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells is needed. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) could possibly inhibit CRC cells. Protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ) is an AMPK negative regulator. Here we found that PKCζ expression was significantly elevated in human colon cancer tissues and CRC cells. PKCζ upregulation was correlated with AMPK in-activation and mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) over-activation. Reversely, PKCζ shRNA knockdown activated AMPK signaling and inhibited HT-29 cell proliferation. Significantly, downregulation of microRNA-25-5p (miR-25-5p), a PKCζ-targeting miRNA, could be the cause of PKCζ upregulation. Exogenous expression of miR-25-5p silenced PKCζ to activate AMPK signaling, which inhibited HT-29 cell proliferation. In vivo studies showed that HT-29 xenograft growth in mice was inhibited after expressing PKCζ shRNA or miR-25-5p. Collectively, PKCζ could be a novel oncogenic protein of human CRC. PKCζ silence, by targeted-shRNA or miR-25-5p expression, activates AMPK and inhibits HT-29 cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyang Zhang
- Digestive Department, Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoqun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanwen Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengming Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaoyuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yousong Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Digestive Department, Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Finley J. Elimination of cancer stem cells and reactivation of latent HIV-1 via AMPK activation: Common mechanism of action linking inhibition of tumorigenesis and the potential eradication of HIV-1. Med Hypotheses 2017; 104:133-146. [PMID: 28673572 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although promising treatments are currently in development to slow disease progression and increase patient survival, cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the United States. Cancer treatment modalities commonly include chemoradiation and therapies that target components of aberrantly activated signaling pathways. However, treatment resistance is a common occurrence and recent evidence indicates that the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) may underlie the limited efficacy and inability of current treatments to effectuate a cure. CSCs, which are largely resistant to chemoradiation therapy, are a subpopulation of cancer cells that exhibit characteristics similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs), including self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, and the ability to initiate tumorigenesis. Interestingly, intracellular mechanisms that sustain quiescence and promote self-renewal in adult stem cells (ASCs) and CSCs likely also function to maintain latency of HIV-1 in CD4+ memory T cells. Although antiretroviral therapy is highly effective in controlling HIV-1 replication, the persistence of latent but replication-competent proviruses necessitates the development of compounds that are capable of selectively reactivating the latent virus, a method known as the "shock and kill" approach. Homeostatic proliferation in central CD4+ memory T (TCM) cells, a memory T cell subset that exhibits limited self-renewal and differentiation and is a primary reservoir for latent HIV-1, has been shown to reinforce and stabilize the latent reservoir in the absence of T cell activation and differentiation. HIV-1 has also been found to establish durable and long-lasting latency in a recently discovered subset of CD4+ T cells known as T memory stem (TSCM) cells. TSCM cells, compared to TCM cells, exhibit stem cell properties that more closely match those of ESCs and ASCs, including self-renewal and differentiation into all memory T cell subsets. It is our hypothesis that activation of AMPK, a master regulator of cellular metabolism that plays a critical role in T cell activation and differentiation of ESCs and ASCs, will lead to both T cell activation-induced latent HIV-1 reactivation, facilitating virus destruction, as well as "activation", differentiation, and/or apoptosis of CSCs, thus inhibiting tumorigenesis. We also propose the novel observation that compounds that have been shown to both facilitate latent HIV-1 reactivation and promote CSC differentiation/apoptosis (e.g. bryostatin-1, JQ1, metformin, butyrate, etc.) likely do so through a common mechanism of AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahahreeh Finley
- Finley BioSciences, 9900 Richmond Avenue, #823, Houston, TX 77042-4539, United States.
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Yin G, Fan J, Zhou W, Ding Q, Zhang J, Wu X, Tang P, Zhou H, Wan B, Yin G. ERK inhibition sensitizes CZ415-induced anti-osteosarcoma activity in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82027-82036. [PMID: 29137241 PMCID: PMC5669867 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
mTOR is a valuable oncotarget for osteosarcoma. The anti-osteosarcoma activity by a novel mTOR kinase inhibitor, CZ415, was evaluated. We demonstrated that CZ415 potently inhibited survival and proliferation of known osteosarcoma cell lines (U2OS, MG-63 and SaOs2), and primary human osteosarcoma cells. Further, CZ415 provoked apoptosis and disrupted cell cycle progression in osteosarcoma cells. CZ415 treatment in osteosarcoma cells concurrently blocked mTORC1 and mTORC2 activation. Intriguingly, ERK-MAPK activation could be a major resistance factor of CZ415. ERK inhibition (by MEK162/U0126) or knockdown (by targeted ERK1/2 shRNAs) dramatically sensitized CZ415-induced osteosarcoma cell apoptosis. In vivo, CZ415 oral administration efficiently inhibited U2OS tumor growth in mice. Its activity was further potentiated with co-administration of MEK162. Collectively, we demonstrate that ERK inhibition sensitizes CZ415-induced anti-osteosarcoma activity in vitro and in vivo. CZ415 could be further tested as a promising anti-osteosarcoma agent, alone or in combination of ERK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yin
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Changzhou Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213017, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Qingfeng Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Pengyu Tang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Bowen Wan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Chang CH, Lee CY, Lu CC, Tsai FJ, Hsu YM, Tsao JW, Juan YN, Chiu HY, Yang JS, Wang CC. Resveratrol-induced autophagy and apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer CAR cells: A key role of AMPK and Akt/mTOR signaling. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:873-882. [PMID: 28197628 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is known to be an effective chemo-preventive phytochemical against multiple tumor cells. However, the increasing drug resistance avoids the cancer treatment in oral cavity cancer. In this study, we investigated the oral antitumor activity of resveratrol and its mechanism in cisplatin-resistant human oral cancer CAR cells. Our results demonstrated that resveratrol had an extremely low toxicity in normal oral cells and provoked autophagic cell death to form acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) and autophagic vacuoles in CAR cells by acridine orange (AO) and monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining. Either DNA fragmentation or DNA condensation occurred in resveratrol-triggered CAR cell apoptosis. These inhibitors of PI3K class III (3-MA) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (compound c) suppressed the autophagic vesicle formation, LC3-II protein levels and autophagy induced by resveratrol. The pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK attenuated resveratrol-triggered cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3 and cell apoptosis. Resveratrol also enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and regulated autophagy- and pro-apoptosis-related signals in resveratrol-treated CAR cells. Importantly, resveratrol also stimulated the autophagic mRNA gene expression, including Atg5, Atg12, Beclin-1 and LC3-II in CAR cells. Overall, our findings indicate that resveratrol is likely to induce autophagic and apoptotic death in drug-resistant oral cancer cells and might become a new approach for oral cancer treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hsiang Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Ying Lee
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Human Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Je-Wei Tsao
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ning Juan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hong-Yi Chiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
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29
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Masui A, Hamada M, Kameyama H, Wakabayashi K, Takasu A, Imai T, Iwai S, Yura Y. Autophagy as a Survival Mechanism for Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Endonuclease G-Mediated Apoptosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162786. [PMID: 27658240 PMCID: PMC5033396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Safingol, L- threo-dihydrosphingosine, induces cell death in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells through an endonuclease G (endoG) -mediated pathway. We herein determined whether safingol induced apoptosis and autophagy in oral SCC cells. Safingol induced apoptotic cell death in oral SCC cells in a dose-dependent manner. In safingol-treated cells, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I was changed to LC3-II and the cytoplasmic expression of LC3, amount of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) stained by acridine orange and autophagic vacuoles were increased, indicating the occurrence of autophagy. An inhibitor of autophagy, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), enhanced the suppressive effects of safingol on cell viability, and this was accompanied by an increase in the number of apoptotic cells and extent of nuclear fragmentation. The nuclear translocation of endoG was minimal at a low concentration of safingol, but markedly increased when combined with 3-MA. The suppressive effects of safingol and 3-MA on cell viability were reduced in endoG siRNA- transfected cells. The scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) prevented cell death induced by the combinational treatment, whereas a pretreatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk did not. These results indicated that safingol induced apoptosis and autophagy in SCC cells and that the suppression of autophagy by 3-MA enhanced apoptosis. Autophagy supports cell survival, but not cell death in the SCC cell system in which apoptosis occurs in an endoG-mediated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Masui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroyasu Kameyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken Wakabayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ayako Takasu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Imai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Soichi Iwai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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30
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Glucose starvation-mediated inhibition of salinomycin induced autophagy amplifies cancer cell specific cell death. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10134-45. [PMID: 25912307 PMCID: PMC4496345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinomycin has been used as treatment for malignant tumors in a small number of humans, causing far less side effects than standard chemotherapy. Several studies show that Salinomycin targets cancer-initiating cells (cancer stem cells, or CSC) resistant to conventional therapies. Numerous studies show that Salinomycin not only reduces tumor volume, but also decreases tumor recurrence when used as an adjuvant to standard treatments. In this study we show that starvation triggered different stress responses in cancer cells and primary normal cells, which further improved the preferential targeting of cancer cells by Salinomycin. Our in vitro studies further demonstrate that the combined use of 2-Fluoro 2-deoxy D-glucose, or 2-deoxy D-glucose with Salinomycin is lethal in cancer cells while the use of Oxamate does not improve cell death-inducing properties of Salinomycin. Furthermore, we show that treatment of cancer cells with Salinomycin under starvation conditions not only increases the apoptotic caspase activity, but also diminishes the protective autophagy normally triggered by the treatment with Salinomycin alone. Thus, this study underlines the potential use of Salinomycin as a cancer treatment, possibly in combination with short-term starvation or starvation-mimicking pharmacologic intervention.
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31
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Lyakhovich A, Lleonart ME. Bypassing Mechanisms of Mitochondria-Mediated Cancer Stem Cells Resistance to Chemo- and Radiotherapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:1716341. [PMID: 26697128 PMCID: PMC4677234 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1716341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapeutic regimes. Therefore, the multiple drug resistance (MDR) of cancer is most likely due to the resistance of CSCs. Such resistance can be attributed to some bypassing pathways including detoxification mechanisms of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RO/NS) formation or enhanced autophagy. Unlike in normal cells, where RO/NS concentration is maintained at certain threshold required for signal transduction or immune response mechanisms, CSCs may develop alternative pathways to diminish RO/NS levels leading to cancer survival. In this minireview, we will focus on elaborated mechanisms developed by CSCs to attenuate high RO/NS levels. Gaining a better insight into the mechanisms of stem cell resistance to chemo- or radiotherapy may lead to new therapeutic targets thus serving for better anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lyakhovich
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A7, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Matilde E. Lleonart
- Oncology and Pathology Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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32
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Early effects of the antineoplastic agent salinomycin on mitochondrial function. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1930. [PMID: 26492365 PMCID: PMC4632293 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salinomycin, isolated from Streptomyces albus, displays antimicrobial activity. Recently, a large-scale screening approach identified salinomycin and nigericin as selective apoptosis inducers of cancer stem cells. Growing evidence suggests that salinomycin is able to kill different types of non-stem tumor cells that usually display resistance to common therapeutic approaches, but the mechanism of action of this molecule is still poorly understood. Since salinomycin has been suggested to act as a K(+) ionophore, we explored its impact on mitochondrial bioenergetic performance at an early time point following drug application. In contrast to the K(+) ionophore valinomycin, salinomycin induced a rapid hyperpolarization. In addition, mitochondrial matrix acidification and a significant decrease of respiration were observed in intact mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and in cancer stem cell-like HMLE cells within tens of minutes, while increased production of reactive oxygen species was not detected. By comparing the chemical structures and cellular effects of this drug with those of valinomycin (K(+) ionophore) and nigericin (K(+)/H(+) exchanger), we conclude that salinomycin mediates K(+)/H(+) exchange across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Compatible with its direct modulation of mitochondrial function, salinomycin was able to induce cell death also in Bax/Bak-less double-knockout MEF cells. Since at the concentration range used in most studies (around 10 μM) salinomycin exerts its effect at the level of mitochondria and alters bioenergetic performance, the specificity of its action on pathologic B cells isolated from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) versus B cells from healthy subjects was investigated. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), proposed to mimic the tumor environment, attenuated the apoptotic effect of salinomycin on B-CLL cells. Apoptosis occurred to a significant extent in healthy B cells as well as in MSCs and human primary fibroblasts. The results indicate that salinomycin, when used above μM concentrations, exerts direct, mitochondrial effects, thus compromising cell survival.
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33
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Qin LS, Jia PF, Zhang ZQ, Zhang SM. ROS-p53-cyclophilin-D signaling mediates salinomycin-induced glioma cell necrosis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:57. [PMID: 26024660 PMCID: PMC4486428 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant form of astrocytic tumor with an average survival of approximately 12-14 months. The search for novel and more efficient chemo-agents against this disease is urgent. Salinomycin induces broad anti-cancer effects; however, its role in GBM and the underlying mechanism are not clear. RESULTS Here we found that salinomycin induced both apoptosis and necrosis in cultured glioma cells, and necrosis played a major role in contributing salinomycin's cytotoxicity. Salinomycin induced p53 translocation to mitochondria, where it formed a complex with cyclophilin-D (CyPD). This complexation was required for mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and subsequent programmed necrosis. Blockade of Cyp-D by siRNA-mediated depletion or pharmacological inhibitors (cyclosporin A and sanglifehrin A) significantly suppressed salinomycin-induced glioma cell necrosis. Meanwhile, p53 stable knockdown alleviated salinomycin-induced necrosis in glioma cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was required for salinomycin-induced p53 mitochondrial translocation, mPTP opening and necrosis, and anti-oxidants n-acetylcysteine (NAC) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) inhibited p53 translocation, mPTP opening and glioma cell death. CONCLUSIONS Thus, salinomycin mainly induces programmed necrosis in cultured glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-sen Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188, Shi-zi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yan-cheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pi-feng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital North, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-qing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China.
| | - Shi-ming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188, Shi-zi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Skiera I, Antoszczak M, Trynda J, Wietrzyk J, Boratyński P, Kacprzak K, Huczyński A. Antiproliferative Activity of Polyether Antibiotic -CinchonaAlkaloid Conjugates ObtainedviaClick Chemistry. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:911-7. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Skiera
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Michał Antoszczak
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Justyna Trynda
- Ludwik Hierszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy; Polish Academy of Sciences; Rudolfa Weigla 12 53-114 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Ludwik Hierszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy; Polish Academy of Sciences; Rudolfa Weigla 12 53-114 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Przemysław Boratyński
- Faculty of Chemistry; Wrocław University of Technology; Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Karol Kacprzak
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Adam Huczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznan Poland
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35
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Silibinin activates AMP-activated protein kinase to protect neuronal cells from oxygen and glucose deprivation-re-oxygenation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:313-9. [PMID: 25450395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the cytoprotective potential of silibinin against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced neuronal cell damages, and studied underling mechanisms. In vitro model of ischemic stroke was created by keeping neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y cells and primary mouse cortical neurons) in an OGD condition followed by re-oxygenation. Pre-treatment of silibinin significantly inhibited OGD/re-oxygenation-induced necrosis and apoptosis of neuronal cells. OGD/re-oxygenation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) reduction were also inhibited by silibinin. At the molecular level, silibinin treatment in SH-SY5Y cells and primary cortical neurons led to significant AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling activation, detected by phosphorylations of AMPKα1, its upstream kinase liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and the downstream target acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC). Pharmacological inhibition or genetic depletion of AMPK alleviated the neuroprotective ability of silibinin against OGD/re-oxygenation. Further, ROS scavenging ability by silibinin was abolished with AMPK inhibition or silencing. While A-769662, the AMPK activator, mimicked silibinin actions and suppressed ROS production and neuronal cell death following OGD/re-oxygenation. Together, these results show that silibinin-mediated neuroprotection requires activation of AMPK signaling.
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36
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Tanase CP, Neagu AI, Necula LG, Mambet C, Enciu AM, Calenic B, Cruceru ML, Albulescu R. Cancer stem cells: Involvement in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and perspectives on cancer therapeutics. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10790-10801. [PMID: 25152582 PMCID: PMC4138459 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i31.10790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies. Despite remarkable progress in understanding pancreatic carcinogenesis at the molecular level, as well as progress in new therapeutic approaches, pancreatic cancer remains a disease with a dismal prognosis. Among the mechanisms responsible for drug resistance, the most relevant are changes in individual genes or signaling pathways and the presence of highly resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). In pancreatic cancer, CSCs represent 0.2%-0.8% of pancreatic cancer cells and are considered to be responsible for tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and recurrence. CSCs have been extensively studied as of late to identify specific surface markers to ensure reliable sorting and for signaling pathways identified to play a pivotal role in CSC self-renewal. Involvement of CSCs in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis has also highlighted these cells as the preferential targets for therapy. The present review is an update of the results in two main fields of research in pancreatic cancer, pathogenesis and therapy, focused on the narrow perspective of CSCs.
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Zhu YR, Xu Y, Fang JF, Zhou F, Deng XW, Zhang YQ. Bufotalin-induced apoptosis in osteoblastoma cells is associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:112-8. [PMID: 25068992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The search for novel and more efficient chemo-agents against malignant osteoblastoma is important. In this study, we examined the potential anti-osteoblastoma function of bufotalin, and studied the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that bufotalin induced osteoblastoma cell death and apoptosis in dose- and time-dependent manners. Further, bufotalin induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation in osteoblastoma cells, the latter was detected by the induction of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), phosphorylation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), as well as caspase-12 activation. Conversely, the ER stress inhibitor salubrinal, the caspase-12 inhibitor z-ATAD-fmk as well as CHOP depletion by shRNA significantly inhibited bufotalin-induced osteoblastoma cell death and apoptosis. Finally, by using a mice xenograft model, we demonstrated that bufotalin inhibited U2OS osteoblastoma cell growth in vivo. In summary, our results suggest that ER stress contributes to bufotalin-induced apoptosis in osteoblastoma cells. Bufotalin might be investigated as a novel anti-osteoblastoma agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Rong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu 214400, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jian-Feng Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu 214400, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu 214400, China
| | - Xiong-Wei Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu 214400, China
| | - Yun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Jiangyin City, Jiangsu 214400, China.
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Therapeutic targeting of autophagy in cancer. Part I: molecular pathways controlling autophagy. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 31:89-98. [PMID: 24879905 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process in which cells can generate energy and building materials, by degradation of redundant and/or damaged organelles and proteins. Especially during conditions of stress, autophagy helps to maintain homeostasis. In addition, autophagy has been shown to influence malignant transformation and cancer progression. The precise molecular events in autophagy are complex and the core autophagic machinery described to date consists of nearly thirty proteins. Apart from these factors that execute the process of autophagy, several signalling pathways are involved in converting internal and external stimuli into an autophagic response. In this review we provide an overview of the signalling pathways that influence autophagy, particularly in cancer cells. We will illustrate that interference with multiple of these signalling pathways can have significant effects on cancer cell survival.
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