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Zhang C, Qin K, Struewing I, Buse H, Santo Domingo J, Lytle D, Lu J. The Bacterial Community Diversity of Bathroom Hot Tap Water Was Significantly Lower Than That of Cold Tap and Shower Water. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:625324. [PMID: 33967975 PMCID: PMC8102780 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.625324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial drinking water quality in premise plumbing systems (PPSs) strongly affects public health. Bacterial community structure is the essential aspect of microbial water quality. Studies have elucidated the microbial community structure in cold tap water, while the microbial community structures in hot tap and shower water are poorly understood. We sampled cold tap, hot tap, and shower water from a simulated PPS monthly for 16 consecutive months and assessed the bacterial community structures in those samples via high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The total relative abundance of the top five most abundant phyla (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Firmicutes) was greater than 90% among the 24 identified phyla. The most abundant families were Burkholderiaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, unclassified Alphaproteobacteria, unclassified Corynebacteriales, and Mycobacteriaceae. A multiple linear regression suggests that the bacterial community diversity increased with water temperature and the age of the simulated PPS, decreased with total chlorine residual concentration, and had a limited seasonal variation. The bacterial community in hot tap water had significantly lower Shannon and Inverse Simpson diversity indices (p < 0.05) and thus a much lower diversity than those in cold tap and shower water. The paradoxical results (i.e., diversity increased with water temperature, but hot tap water bacterial community was less diverse) were presumably because (1) other environmental factors made hot tap water bacterial community less diverse, (2) the diversity of bacterial communities in all types of water samples increased with water temperature, and (3) the first draw samples of hot tap water could have a comparable or even lower temperature than shower water samples and the second draw samples of cold tap water. In both a three-dimensional Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination plot and a phylogenetic dendrogram, the samples of cold tap and shower water cluster and are separate from hot tap water samples (p < 0.05). In summary, the bacterial community in hot tap water in the simulated PPS had a distinct structure from and a much lower diversity than those in cold tap and shower water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiqian Zhang
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ke Qin
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Participation Program, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ian Struewing
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Helen Buse
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jorge Santo Domingo
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Darren Lytle
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jingrang Lu
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Benidire L, El Khalloufi F, Oufdou K, Barakat M, Tulumello J, Ortet P, Heulin T, Achouak W. Phytobeneficial bacteria improve saline stress tolerance in Vicia faba and modulate microbial interaction network. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:139020. [PMID: 32498175 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Increased global warming, caused by climate change and human activities, will seriously hinder plant development, such as increasing salt concentrations in soils, which will limit water availability for plants. To ensure optimal plant growth under such changing conditions, microorganisms that improve plant growth and health must be integrated into agricultural practices. In the present work, we examined the fate of Vicia faba microbiota structure and interaction network upon inoculation with plant-nodulating rhizobia (Rhizobium leguminosarum RhOF125) and non-nodulating strains (Paenibacillus mucilaginosus BLA7 and Ensifer meliloti RhOL1) in the presence (or absence) of saline stress. Inoculated strains significantly improved plant tolerance to saline stress, suggesting either a direct or indirect effect on the plant response to such stress. To determine the structure of microbiota associated with V. faba, samples of the root-adhering soil (RAS), and the root tissues (RT) of seedlings inoculated (or not) with equal population size of RhOF125, BLA7 and RhOL1 strains and grown in the presence (or absence) of salt, were used to profile the microbial composition by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The inoculation did not show a significant impact on the composition of the RT microbiota or RAS microbiota. The saline stress shifted the RAS microbiota composition, which correlated with a decrease in Enterobacteriaceae and an increase in Sphingobacterium, Chryseobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Agrobacterium and Sinorhizobium. When the microbiota of roots and RAS are considered together, the interaction networks for each treatment are quite different and display different key populations involved in community assembly. These findings indicate that upon seed inoculation, community interaction networks rather than their composition may contribute to helping plants to better tolerate environmental stresses. The way microbial populations interfere with each other can have an impact on their functions and thus on their ability to express the genes required to help plants tolerate stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Benidire
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, UMR7265, LEMiRE, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere, ECCOREV FR 3098, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France; Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; High School of Technology Laayoune, Ibn Zohr University, Morocco
| | - Fatima El Khalloufi
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, UMR7265, LEMiRE, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere, ECCOREV FR 3098, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France; Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; Laboratory of Chemistry, Modeling and Environmental Sciences, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, B.P.: 145, 25000, Khouribga, Morocco
| | - Khalid Oufdou
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Barakat
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, UMR7265, LEMiRE, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere, ECCOREV FR 3098, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Joris Tulumello
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, UMR7265, LEMiRE, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere, ECCOREV FR 3098, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France; Biointrant, SAS BioIntrant, 84120 Pertuis, France
| | - Philippe Ortet
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, UMR7265, LEMiRE, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere, ECCOREV FR 3098, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Thierry Heulin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, UMR7265, LEMiRE, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere, ECCOREV FR 3098, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Wafa Achouak
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, UMR7265, LEMiRE, Laboratory of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere, ECCOREV FR 3098, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France.
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O’Brien FJM, Dumont MG, Webb JS, Poppy GM. Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities Differ According to Fertilizer Regimes and Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) Harvest Time, but Not Aphid Herbivory. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1620. [PMID: 30083141 PMCID: PMC6064718 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere microbial communities are known to be highly diverse and strongly dependent on various attributes of the host plant, such as species, nutritional status, and growth stage. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing has been used to characterize the rhizosphere bacterial community of many important crop species, but this is the first study to date to characterize the bacterial and archaeal community of Brassica oleracea var. capitata. The study also tested the response of the bacterial community to fertilizer type (organic or synthetic) and N dosage (high or low), in addition to plant age (9 or 12 weeks) and aphid (Myzus persicae) herbivory (present/absent). The impact of aboveground herbivory on belowground microbial communities has received little attention in the literature, and since the type (organic or mineral) and amount of fertilizer applications are known to affect M. percicae populations, these treatments were applied at agricultural rates to test for synergistic effects on the soil bacterial community. Fertilizer type and plant growth were found to result in significantly different rhizosphere bacterial communities, while there was no effect of aphid herbivory. Several operational taxonomic units were identified as varying significantly in abundance between the treatment groups and age cohorts. These included members of the S-oxidizing genus Thiobacillus, which was significantly more abundant in organically fertilized 12-week-old cabbages, and the N-fixing cyanobacteria Phormidium, which appeared to decline in synthetically fertilized soils relative to controls. These responses may be an effect of accumulating root-derived glucosinolates in the B. oleracea rhizosphere and increased N-availability, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora J. M. O’Brien
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIAB EMR, East Malling, United Kingdom
| | - Marc G. Dumont
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy S. Webb
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Guy M. Poppy
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Narendrula-Kotha R, Nkongolo KK. Microbial Response to Soil Liming of Damaged Ecosystems Revealed by Pyrosequencing and Phospholipid Fatty Acid Analyses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168497. [PMID: 28052072 PMCID: PMC5215397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effects of dolomitic limestone applications on soil microbial communities' dynamics and bacterial and fungal biomass, relative abundance, and diversity in metal reclaimed regions. METHODS AND RESULTS The study was conducted in reclaimed mining sites and metal uncontaminated areas. The limestone applications were performed over 35 years ago. Total microbial biomass was determined by Phospholipid fatty acids. Bacterial and fungal relative abundance and diversity were assessed using 454 pyrosequencing. There was a significant increase of total microbial biomass in limed sites (342 ng/g) compared to unlimed areas (149 ng/g). Chao1 estimates followed the same trend. But the total number of OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) in limed (463 OTUs) and unlimed (473 OTUs) soil samples for bacteria were similar. For fungi, OTUs were 96 and 81 for limed and unlimed soil samples, respectively. Likewise, Simpson and Shannon diversity indices revealed no significant differences between limed and unlimed sites. Bacterial and fungal groups specific to either limed or unlimed sites were identified. Five major bacterial phyla including Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were found. The latter was the most prevalent phylum in all the samples with a relative abundance of 50%. Bradyrhizobiaceae family with 12 genera including the nitrogen fixing Bradirhizobium genus was more abundant in limed sites compared to unlimed areas. For fungi, Ascomycota was the most predominant phylum in unlimed soils (46%) while Basidiomycota phylum represented 86% of all fungi in the limed areas. CONCLUSION Detailed analysis of the data revealed that although soil liming increases significantly the amount of microbial biomass, the level of species diversity remain statistically unchanged even though the microbial compositions of the damaged and restored sites are different. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Soil liming still have a significant beneficial effects on soil microbial abundance and composition > 35 years after dolomitic limestone applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kabwe K. Nkongolo
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Rokunuzzaman M, Ueda Y, Chen L, Tanaka S, Ohnishi K. Effects of Land Use Changes from Paddy Fields on Soil Bacterial Communities in a Hilly and Mountainous Area. Microbes Environ 2016; 31:160-4. [PMID: 27098398 PMCID: PMC4912151 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil bacterial community structures in terraced rice fields and abandoned lands in a hilly and mountainous area were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequences. The DGGE band patterns of each soil were similar. Based on pyrosequencing data, the richness and diversity of bacterial species were slightly higher in paddy fields than in other soils. A beta-diversity analysis clearly indicated that the bacterial community structure in paddy fields differed from those in non-paddy field lands and crop fields that had not been used as a paddy field. These results may reflect the history of land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rokunuzzaman
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University
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