1
|
Ersoz NS, Bakir-Gungor B, Yousef M. GeNetOntology: identifying affected gene ontology terms via grouping, scoring, and modeling of gene expression data utilizing biological knowledge-based machine learning. Front Genet 2023; 14:1139082. [PMID: 37671046 PMCID: PMC10476493 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1139082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Identifying significant sets of genes that are up/downregulated under specific conditions is vital to understand disease development mechanisms at the molecular level. Along this line, in order to analyze transcriptomic data, several computational feature selection (i.e., gene selection) methods have been proposed. On the other hand, uncovering the core functions of the selected genes provides a deep understanding of diseases. In order to address this problem, biological domain knowledge-based feature selection methods have been proposed. Unlike computational gene selection approaches, these domain knowledge-based methods take the underlying biology into account and integrate knowledge from external biological resources. Gene Ontology (GO) is one such biological resource that provides ontology terms for defining the molecular function, cellular component, and biological process of the gene product. Methods: In this study, we developed a tool named GeNetOntology which performs GO-based feature selection for gene expression data analysis. In the proposed approach, the process of Grouping, Scoring, and Modeling (G-S-M) is used to identify significant GO terms. GO information has been used as the grouping information, which has been embedded into a machine learning (ML) algorithm to select informative ontology terms. The genes annotated with the selected ontology terms have been used in the training part to carry out the classification task of the ML model. The output is an important set of ontologies for the two-class classification task applied to gene expression data for a given phenotype. Results: Our approach has been tested on 11 different gene expression datasets, and the results showed that GeNetOntology successfully identified important disease-related ontology terms to be used in the classification model. Discussion: GeNetOntology will assist geneticists and scientists to identify a range of disease-related genes and ontologies in transcriptomic data analysis, and it will also help doctors design diagnosis platforms and improve patient treatment plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Sebnem Ersoz
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Burcu Bakir-Gungor
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Türkiye
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Malik Yousef
- Department of Information Systems, Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel
- Galilee Digital Health Research Center (GDH), Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Di Gregorio E, Israel S, Staelens M, Tankel G, Shankar K, Tuszyński JA. The distinguishing electrical properties of cancer cells. Phys Life Rev 2022; 43:139-188. [PMID: 36265200 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, medical research has been primarily focused on the inherited aspect of cancers, despite the reality that only 5-10% of tumours discovered are derived from genetic causes. Cancer is a broad term, and therefore it is inaccurate to address it as a purely genetic disease. Understanding cancer cells' behaviour is the first step in countering them. Behind the scenes, there is a complicated network of environmental factors, DNA errors, metabolic shifts, and electrostatic alterations that build over time and lead to the illness's development. This latter aspect has been analyzed in previous studies, but how the different electrical changes integrate and affect each other is rarely examined. Every cell in the human body possesses electrical properties that are essential for proper behaviour both within and outside of the cell itself. It is not yet clear whether these changes correlate with cell mutation in cancer cells, or only with their subsequent development. Either way, these aspects merit further investigation, especially with regards to their causes and consequences. Trying to block changes at various levels of occurrence or assisting in their prevention could be the key to stopping cells from becoming cancerous. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge regarding the electrical landscape of cells is much needed. We review four essential electrical characteristics of cells, providing a deep understanding of the electrostatic changes in cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts. In particular, we provide an overview of intracellular and extracellular pH modifications, differences in ionic concentrations in the cytoplasm, transmembrane potential variations, and changes within mitochondria. New therapies targeting or exploiting the electrical properties of cells are developed and tested every year, such as pH-dependent carriers and tumour-treating fields. A brief section regarding the state-of-the-art of these therapies can be found at the end of this review. Finally, we highlight how these alterations integrate and potentially yield indications of cells' malignancy or metastatic index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Gregorio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Autem Therapeutics, 35 South Main Street, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
| | - Simone Israel
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Autem Therapeutics, 35 South Main Street, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
| | - Michael Staelens
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Gabriella Tankel
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, AB, Canada
| | - Jack A Tuszyński
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Masner M, Lujea N, Bisbal M, Acosta C, Kunda P. Linoleic and oleic acids enhance cell migration by altering the dynamics of microtubules and the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton at the leading edge. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14984. [PMID: 34294745 PMCID: PMC8298526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) have a multitude of biological actions on living cells. A target of their action is cell motility, a process of critical importance during cancer cell dissemination. Here, we studied the effect of unsaturated FA on ovarian cancer cell migration in vitro and its role in regulating cytoskeleton structures that are essential for cell motility. Scratch wound assays on human ovary cancer SKOV-3 cell monolayers revealed that low doses (16 μM) of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 ω6) and oleic acid (OA; 18:1 ω9) promoted migration, while α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 ω3), showed a migration rate similar to that of the control group. Single cell tracking demonstrated that LA and OA-treated cells migrated faster and were more orientated towards the wound closure than control. In vitro addition of those FA resulted in an increased number, length and protrusion speed of filopodia and also in a prominent and dynamic lamellipodia at the cell leading edge. Using time-lapse video-microscopy and FRAP we observed an increase in both the speed and frequency of actin waves associated with more mobile actin and augmented Rac1 activity. We also observed that FA induced microtubule-organizing center (MTOC)-orientation towards the cell front and affected the dynamics of microtubules (MT) in the direction of cell migration. We propose that environmental cues such as OA and LA present in ascitic fluid, should be taken into account as key factors for the regulation of cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Masner
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional "Severo Amuchástegui" (CIMETSA), Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba (IUCBC), Naciones Unidas 420, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - N Lujea
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional "Severo Amuchástegui" (CIMETSA), Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba (IUCBC), Naciones Unidas 420, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Bisbal
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C Acosta
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Patricia Kunda
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional "Severo Amuchástegui" (CIMETSA), Instituto Universitario Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba (IUCBC), Naciones Unidas 420, Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton is an essential feature for virtually all actin-dependent cellular processes, including cell migration, cell cycle progression, chromatin remodeling and gene expression, and even the DNA damage response. An altered actin cytoskeleton is a structural hallmark associated with numerous pathologies ranging from cardiovascular diseases to immune disorders, neurological diseases and cancer. The actin cytoskeleton in cells is regulated through the orchestrated actions of a myriad of actin-binding proteins. In this Review, we provide a brief overview of the structure and functions of the actin-monomer-binding protein profilin-1 (Pfn1) and then discuss how dysregulated expression of Pfn1 contributes to diseases associated with the cardiovascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Gau
- Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Partha Roy
- Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh.,Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, 306 Center for Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Danac JMC, Garcia RL. CircPVT1 attenuates negative regulation of NRAS by let-7 and drives cancer cells towards oncogenicity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9021. [PMID: 33907219 PMCID: PMC8079436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs have emerged as functional regulatory molecules whose aberrant expression has been linked to diverse pathophysiological processes. Here, we report that circPVT1 interferes with let-7 binding to NRAS, confirming this axis as one route by which circPVT1 can instigate an oncogenic program in A549 lung cancer cells and HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. CircPVT1 knockdown significantly reduced NRAS levels and attenuated cancer hallmark phenotypes such as proliferation, migration, resistance to apoptosis, cytoskeletal disorganization, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The effects of circPVT1 knockdown were at least partially rescued by blocking binding of let-7 to NRAS 3′UTR with a target protector, suggesting that a circPVT1/let-7/NRAS axis exists and acts in cells to reverse NRAS downregulation and favor oncogenicity. While the phenotypic effects of circPVT1 knockdown may be attributable to the global action of circPVT1, the target protection assays resolved the relative contribution of the circPVT1/let-7/NRAS axis specifically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Miguel C Danac
- Disease Molecular Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Reynaldo L Garcia
- Disease Molecular Biology and Epigenetics Laboratory, National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang X, Qin Y, Kun L, Zhou Y. The Significant Role of the Microfilament System in Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:620390. [PMID: 33816252 PMCID: PMC8010179 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.620390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is the structural protein of microfilaments, and it usually exists in two forms: monomer and polymer. Among them, monomer actin is a spherical molecule composed of a polypeptide chain, also known as spherical actin. The function of actin polymers is to produce actin filaments, so it is also called fibroactin. The actin cytoskeleton is considered to be an important subcellular filament system. It interacts with numerous relevant proteins and regulatory cells, regulating basic functions, from cell division and muscle contraction to cell movement and ensuring tissue integrity. The dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton has immense influence on the progression and metastasis of cancer as well. This paper explores the significance of the microfilament network, the dynamic changes of its structure and function in the presence of a tumor, the formation process around the actin system, and the relevant proteins that may be target molecules for anticancer drugs so as to provide support and reference for interlinked cancer treatment research in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liu Kun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kelley CA, Triplett O, Mallick S, Burkewitz K, Mair WB, Cram EJ. FLN-1/filamin is required to anchor the actomyosin cytoskeleton and for global organization of sub-cellular organelles in a contractile tissue. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:379-398. [PMID: 32969593 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Actomyosin networks are organized in space, direction, size, and connectivity to produce coordinated contractions across cells. We use the C. elegans spermatheca, a tube composed of contractile myoepithelial cells, to study how actomyosin structures are organized. FLN-1/filamin is required for the formation and stabilization of a regular array of parallel, contractile, actomyosin fibers in this tissue. Loss of fln-1 results in the detachment of actin fibers from the basal surface, which then accumulate along the cell junctions and are stabilized by spectrin. In addition, actin and myosin are captured at the nucleus by the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex (LINC) complex, where they form large foci. Nuclear positioning and morphology, distribution of the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondrial network are also disrupted. These results demonstrate that filamin is required to prevent large actin bundle formation and detachment, to prevent excess nuclear localization of actin and myosin, and to ensure correct positioning of organelles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A Kelley
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivia Triplett
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samyukta Mallick
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristopher Burkewitz
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William B Mair
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin J Cram
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang CH, Zaenudin E, Tsai JJP, Kurubanjerdjit N, Dessie EY, Ng KL. Dissecting molecular network structures using a network subgraph approach. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9556. [PMID: 33005483 PMCID: PMC7512139 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological processes are based on molecular networks, which exhibit biological functions through interactions of genetic elements or proteins. This study presents a graph-based method to characterize molecular networks by decomposing the networks into directed multigraphs: network subgraphs. Spectral graph theory, reciprocity and complexity measures were used to quantify the network subgraphs. Graph energy, reciprocity and cyclomatic complexity can optimally specify network subgraphs with some degree of degeneracy. Seventy-one molecular networks were analyzed from three network types: cancer networks, signal transduction networks, and cellular processes. Molecular networks are built from a finite number of subgraph patterns and subgraphs with large graph energies are not present, which implies a graph energy cutoff. In addition, certain subgraph patterns are absent from the three network types. Thus, the Shannon entropy of the subgraph frequency distribution is not maximal. Furthermore, frequently-observed subgraphs are irreducible graphs. These novel findings warrant further investigation and may lead to important applications. Finally, we observed that cancer-related cellular processes are enriched with subgraph-associated driver genes. Our study provides a systematic approach for dissecting biological networks and supports the conclusion that there are organizational principles underlying molecular networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Efendi Zaenudin
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Informatics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Jeffrey J P Tsai
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Eskezeia Y Dessie
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ka-Lok Ng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Profilin is a ubiquitously expressed protein well known as a key regulator of actin polymerisation. The actin cytoskeleton is involved in almost all cellular processes including motility, endocytosis, metabolism, signal transduction and gene transcription. Hence, profilin's role in the cell goes beyond its direct and essential function in regulating actin dynamics. This review will focus on the interactions of Profilin 1 and its ligands at the plasma membrane, in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cells and the regulation of profilin activity within those cell compartments. We will discuss the interactions of profilin in cell signalling pathways and highlight the importance of the cell context in the multiple functions that this small essential protein has in conjunction with its role in cytoskeletal organisation and dynamics. We will review some of the mechanisms that control profilin expression and the implications of changed expression of profilin in the light of cancer biology and other pathologies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Uribe J, Liu HY, Mohamed Z, Chiou AE, Fischbach C, Daniel S. Supported Membrane Platform to Assess Surface Interactions between Extracellular Vesicles and Stromal Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3945-3956. [PMID: 33463350 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-encapsulated particles secreted by eukaryotic cells that stimulate cell communication and horizontal cargo exchange. EV interactions with stromal cells can result in molecular changes in the recipient cell and, in some cases, lead to disease progression. However, mechanisms leading to these changes are poorly understood. A few model systems are available for studying the outcomes of surface interactions between EV membranes with stromal cells. Here, we created a hybrid supported bilayer incorporating EVs membrane material, called an extracellular vesicle supported bilayer, EVSB. Using EVSBs, we investigated the surface interactions between breast cancer EVs and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) by culturing ADSCs on EVSBs and analyzing cell adhesion, spreading, viability, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion, and myofibroblast differentiation. Results show that cell viability, adhesion, spreading, and proangiogenic activity were enhanced, conditions that promote oncogenic activity, but cell differentiation was not. This model system could be used to develop therapeutic strategies to limit EV-ADSC interactions and proangiogenic conditions. Finally, this model system is not limited to the study of cancer but can be used to study surface interactions between EVs from any origin and any target cell to investigate EV mechanisms leading to cellular changes in other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johana Uribe
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 101 Weill Hall, 273 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Han-Yuan Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, 6-44 Ho Plaza, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Zeinab Mohamed
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 101 Weill Hall, 273 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Aaron E Chiou
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 101 Weill Hall, 273 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 101 Weill Hall, 273 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, 6-44 Ho Plaza, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Susan Daniel
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 101 Weill Hall, 273 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, 6-44 Ho Plaza, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mechanics of actin filaments in cancer onset and progress. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 355:205-243. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
12
|
Juanes MA, Isnardon D, Badache A, Brasselet S, Mavrakis M, Goode BL. The role of APC-mediated actin assembly in microtubule capture and focal adhesion turnover. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3415-3435. [PMID: 31471457 PMCID: PMC6781439 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201904165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin assembly by APC maintains proper organization and dynamics of F-actin at focal adhesions. This, in turn, impacts the organization of other molecular components and the responsiveness of focal adhesions to microtubule capture and autophagosome-induced disassembly. Focal adhesion (FA) turnover depends on microtubules and actin. Microtubule ends are captured at FAs, where they induce rapid FA disassembly. However, actin’s roles are less clear. Here, we use polarization-resolved microscopy, FRAP, live cell imaging, and a mutant of Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC-m4) defective in actin nucleation to investigate the role of actin assembly in FA turnover. We show that APC-mediated actin assembly is critical for maintaining normal F-actin levels, organization, and dynamics at FAs, along with organization of FA components. In WT cells, microtubules are captured repeatedly at FAs as they mature, but once a FA reaches peak maturity, the next microtubule capture event leads to delivery of an autophagosome, triggering FA disassembly. In APC-m4 cells, microtubule capture frequency and duration are altered, and there are long delays between autophagosome delivery and FA disassembly. Thus, APC-mediated actin assembly is required for normal feedback between microtubules and FAs, and maintaining FAs in a state “primed” for microtubule-induced turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Isnardon
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Ali Badache
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Brasselet
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Manos Mavrakis
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Bruce L Goode
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Anti-Invasion and Antiangiogenic Effects of Stellettin B through Inhibition of the Akt/Girdin Signaling Pathway and VEGF in Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020220. [PMID: 30769863 PMCID: PMC6406657 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and invasion are highly related with tumor metastatic potential and recurrence prediction in the most aggressive brain cancer, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). For the first time, this study reveals that marine-sponge-derived stellettin B reduces angiogenesis and invasion. We discovered that stellettin B reduces migration of glioblastoma cells by scratch wound healing assay and invasion via chamber transwell assay. Further, stellettin B downregulates Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) and Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) signaling pathways, which are essential for invasion and angiogenesis in glioblastoma. This study further demonstrates that stellettin B affects filamentous actin (F-actin) rearrangement by decreasing the cross-linkage of phosphor-Girdin (p-Girdin), which attenuates glioblastoma cell invasion. Moreover, stellettin B blocks the expression and secretion of a major proangiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in glioblastoma cells. Stellettin B also reduces angiogenic tubule formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vivo, we observed that stellettin B decreased blood vesicle formation in developmental zebrafish and suppressed angiogenesis in Matrigel plug transplant assay in mice. Decreased VEGF transcriptional expression was also found in stellettin B⁻treated zebrafish embryos. Overall, we conclude that stellettin B might be a potential antiangiogenic and anti-invasion agent for future development of therapeutic agents for cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Coumans JVF, Davey RJ, Moens PDJ. Cofilin and profilin: partners in cancer aggressiveness. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1323-1335. [PMID: 30027463 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers aspects of cofilin and profilin regulations and their influence on actin polymerisation responsible for cell motility and metastasis. The regulation of their activity by phosphorylation and nitration, miRs, PI(4,5)P2 binding, pH, oxidative stress and post-translational modification is described. In this review, we have highlighted selected similarities, complementarities and differences between the two proteins and how their interplay affects actin filament dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joelle V F Coumans
- School of Rural Medicine, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Rhonda J Davey
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Pierre D J Moens
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zepeta-Flores N, Valverde M, Lopez-Saavedra A, Rojas E. Glutathione depletion triggers actin cytoskeleton changes via actin-binding proteins. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:475-487. [PMID: 29870570 PMCID: PMC6082235 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of glutathione (GSH) in alternative cellular roles to the
canonically proposed, were analyzed in a model unable to synthesize GSH. Gene
expression analysis shows that the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton pathway
is strongly impacted by the absence of GSH. To test this hypothesis, we evaluate
the effect of GSH depletion via buthionine sulfoximine (5 and 12.5 mM) in human
neuroblastoma MSN cells. In the present study, 70% of GSH reduction did not
induce reactive oxygen species, lipoperoxidation, or cytotoxicity, which enabled
us to evaluate the effect of glutathione in the absence of oxidative stress. The
cells with decreasing GSH levels acquired morphology changes that depended on
the actin cytoskeleton and not on tubulin. We evaluated the expression of three
actin-binding proteins: thymosin β4, profilin and gelsolin, showing a reduced
expression, both at gene and protein levels at 24 hours of treatment; however,
this suppression disappears after 48 hours of treatment. These changes were
sufficient to trigger the co-localization of the three proteins towards
cytoplasmic projections. Our data confirm that a decrease in GSH in the absence
of oxidative stress can transiently inhibit the actin binding proteins and that
this stimulus is sufficient to induce changes in cellular morphology via the
actin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahum Zepeta-Flores
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Mahara Valverde
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Alejandro Lopez-Saavedra
- Unidad Biomédica de Investigación en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México. D.F., Mexico
| | - Emilio Rojas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of new phenanthrene fused-tetrahydrodibenzo-acridinones as potential cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:173-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
17
|
Fu Y, Yu W, Cai H, Lu A. Forecast of actin-binding proteins as the oncotarget in osteosarcoma - a review of mechanism, diagnosis and therapy. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1553-1561. [PMID: 29593421 PMCID: PMC5865567 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s159894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone malignant tumor with a high rate of lung metastasis and principally emerges in children and adolescents. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy is widely used around the world, a high rate of chemoresistance occurs and frequently generates a poor prognosis. Therefore, finding a new appropriate prognostic marker for OS is a valuable research direction, which will give patients a better chance to receive proper therapy. Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) are a group of proteins that interact with actin cytoskeleton and play a crucial role in the regulation of the cell motility and morphology in eukaryotes. Meanwhile, ABPs also act as a bridge between the cytomembrane and nucleus, which transmit the outside-in and inside-out signals in cytoplasm. Furthermore, ABPs alter the dynamic structure of actin and regulate the invasion and metastasis of cancer. Hence, ABPs have a wide application in predicting the prognosis, and may be new targets, in tumor therapy. This review focuses on a series of ABPs and discusses their modulatory functions. It provides a new insight into the classification of ABPs’ functions in the process of invasion and metastasis in OS and illuminates the potential ability in predicting the prognosis of OS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Fu
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliu Cai
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Anwei Lu
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sharma P, Reddy TS, Kumar NP, Senwar KR, Bhargava SK, Shankaraiah N. Conventional and microwave-assisted synthesis of new 1 H -benzimidazole-thiazolidinedione derivatives: A potential anticancer scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:234-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
19
|
Carlier MF, Shekhar S. Global treadmilling coordinates actin turnover and controls the size of actin networks. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017. [PMID: 28248322 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.(2016)172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Various cellular processes (including cell motility) are driven by the regulated, polarized assembly of actin filaments into distinct force-producing arrays of defined size and architecture. Branched, linear, contractile and cytosolic arrays coexist in vivo, and cells intricately control the number, length and assembly rate of filaments in these arrays. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed novel molecular mechanisms that regulate the number of filament barbed and pointed ends and their respective assembly and disassembly rates, thus defining classes of dynamically different filaments, which coexist in the same cell. We propose that a global treadmilling process, in which a steady-state amount of polymerizable actin monomers is established by the dynamics of each network, is responsible for defining the size and turnover of coexisting actin networks. Furthermore, signal-induced changes in the partitioning of actin to distinct arrays (mediated by RHO GTPases) result in the establishment of various steady-state concentrations of polymerizable monomers, thereby globally influencing the growth rate of actin filaments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Carlier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris 91190, France
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris 91190, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Carlier MF, Shekhar S. Global treadmilling coordinates actin turnover and controls the size of actin networks. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:389-401. [DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
21
|
Kumar NP, Sharma P, Reddy TS, Nekkanti S, Shankaraiah N, Lalita G, Sujanakumari S, Bhargava SK, Naidu V, Kamal A. Synthesis of 2,3,6,7-tetramethoxyphenanthren-9-amine: An efficient precursor to access new 4- aza -2,3-dihydropyridophenanthrenes as apoptosis inducing agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:305-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
22
|
Srinivasan S, Guha M, Kashina A, Avadhani NG. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial dynamics-The cancer connection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:602-614. [PMID: 28104365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases. The retrograde signaling initiated by dysfunctional mitochondria can bring about global changes in gene expression that alters cell morphology and function. Typically, this is attributed to disruption of important mitochondrial functions, such as ATP production, integration of metabolism, calcium homeostasis and regulation of apoptosis. Recent studies showed that in addition to these factors, mitochondrial dynamics might play an important role in stress signaling. Normal mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles whose size, shape and network are controlled by cell physiology. Defective mitochondrial dynamics play important roles in human diseases. Mitochondrial DNA defects and defective mitochondrial function have been reported in many cancers. Recent studies show that increased mitochondrial fission is a pro-tumorigenic phenotype. In this paper, we have explored the current understanding of the role of mitochondrial dynamics in pathologies. We present new data on mitochondrial dynamics and dysfunction to illustrate a causal link between mitochondrial DNA defects, excessive fission, mitochondrial retrograde signaling and cancer progression. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Mitochondria in Cancer, edited by Giuseppe Gasparre, Rodrigue Rossignol and Pierre Sonveaux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Srinivasan
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, #189E, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Manti Guha
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, #189E, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Anna Kashina
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, #189E, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Narayan G Avadhani
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, #189E, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Williams ED, Rogers SC, Zhang X, Azhar G, Wei JY. p49/STRAP, a Serum Response Factor Binding Protein (SRFBP1), Is Involved in the Redistribution of Cytoskeletal F-Actin Proteins during Glucose Deprivation. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:1142-1150. [PMID: 29188873 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The functional decline that usually accompanies adult aging also encompasses cellular changes including cytoplasmic architecture. In addition to their role in cytoskeletal structure, actin microfilaments have important roles in various cellular processes, including cell-to-cell communication and intracellular signaling. Age-related diseases and late-stage cellular morphological appearances often correlate with altered f-actin structure, which has been observed most notably in cancer. What remains less clear are the molecular pathways that may be involved in normal and premature aging-induced f-actin changes. We report herein that p49/STRAP, a serum response factor binding protein (SRFBP1), is increased with normal aging and appears to be sensitive to low glucose-exposure. Our study results suggest that increased levels of p49/STRAP expression tend to correlate with f-actin redistribution genes, particularly cofilin, while siRNA-mediated knockdown of p49/STRAP resulted in a reduction of thymosin-β4. Furthermore, with the redistribution of f-actin, we observed an increase in the intermediate filament vimentin, compatible with the notion that vimentin may be increased due to its greater role in cytoskeletal dynamics during advancing population doubling levels (PDLs) and in response to a low-glucose exposure. Taken together, these data suggest that p49/STRAP may play a role in glucose-deprivation associated cytoskeletal changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E D Williams
- Jeanne Y. Wei, M.D., Ph.D, Reynolds Institute on Aging, Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St. #748, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Phone: (501) 526-6800, Fax: (501) 686-5300,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sharma P, Thummuri D, Reddy TS, Senwar KR, Naidu V, Srinivasulu G, Bharghava SK, Shankaraiah N. New ( E )-1-alkyl-1 H -benzo[ d ]imidazol-2-yl)methylene)indolin-2-ones: Synthesis, in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation and apoptosis inducing studies. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:584-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
25
|
Pernier J, Shekhar S, Jegou A, Guichard B, Carlier MF. Profilin Interaction with Actin Filament Barbed End Controls Dynamic Instability, Capping, Branching, and Motility. Dev Cell 2016; 36:201-14. [PMID: 26812019 PMCID: PMC4729542 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell motility and actin homeostasis depend on the control of polarized growth of actin filaments. Profilin, an abundant regulator of actin dynamics, supports filament assembly at barbed ends by binding G-actin. Here, we demonstrate how, by binding and destabilizing filament barbed ends at physiological concentrations, profilin also controls motility, cell migration, and actin homeostasis. Profilin enhances filament length fluctuations. Profilin competes with Capping Protein at barbed ends, which generates a lower amount of profilin-actin than expected if barbed ends were tightly capped. Profilin competes with barbed end polymerases, such as formins and VopF, and inhibits filament branching by WASP-Arp2/3 complex by competition for filament barbed ends, accounting for its as-yet-unknown effects on motility and metastatic cell migration observed in this concentration range. In conclusion, profilin is a major coordinator of polarized growth of actin filaments, controlled by competition between barbed end cappers, trackers, destabilizers, and filament branching machineries. The binding of profilin to barbed ends accounts for its effects on cell migration Profilin enhances length fluctuations of actin filaments by destabilizing barbed ends Profilin competes with capping protein at filament barbed ends Profilin competes with polymerases and filament branching machineries at barbed ends
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pernier
- Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Motility Group, I2BC, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Motility Group, I2BC, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Antoine Jegou
- Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Motility Group, I2BC, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Bérengère Guichard
- Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Motility Group, I2BC, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Marie-France Carlier
- Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Motility Group, I2BC, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Trendowski M, Zoino JN, Christen TD, Acquafondata C, Fondy TP. Preparation, In Vivo Administration, Dose-Limiting Toxicities, and Antineoplastic Activity of Cytochalasin B. Transl Oncol 2015; 8:308-17. [PMID: 26310377 PMCID: PMC4562975 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective and inexpensive protocol for producing cytochalasins A and B is being disclosed to propose a viable method by which to examine the in vivo antineoplastic activity of these congeners in preclinical tumor-bearing mammalian models. In addition, we determine the maximum tolerated doses of cytochalasin B using multiple routes and formulations, characterize the tissue distribution of intravenous bolus cytochalasin B, and assess the in vivo antineoplastic activity of cytochalasin B in comparison in doxorubicin in Balb/c mice challenged intradermally with M109 murine lung carcinoma. We also examine the effects of cytochalasin B against several other murine neoplastic cell lines (Lewis lung, LA4, B16F10, and M5076). Finally, we examine a potential mechanism of the antimetastatic activity of cytochalasin B by observing the effects of the agent on the secretion of N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNACase) by B16BL6 and B16F10 murine melanomas in vitro. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1) Cytochalasin B can be safely administered intravenously, intraperitoneally, and subcutaneously in murine models, with the maximum tolerated dose of all routes of administration being increased by liposome encapsulation. 2) Cytochalasin B can significantly inhibit the growth of tumors in mice challenged with M109, Lewis lung, LA4, B16F10, or M5076, producing long-term survival against lung carcinomas and adenocarcinomas (M109, Lewis lung, and LA4) and B16F10 melanoma, but not M5076 sarcoma. These effects were comparable to intraperitoneally administered doxorubicin. 4) Low concentrations of cytochalasin B inhibit the secretion of GlcNACase, indicating that cytochalasin B may inhibit metastatic progression by mechanisms not directly associated with its influence on cell adhesion and motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Trendowski
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | - Joseph N Zoino
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Timothy D Christen
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | | | - Thomas P Fondy
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kang M, Andreani M, Kenworthy AK. Validation of Normalizations, Scaling, and Photofading Corrections for FRAP Data Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127966. [PMID: 26017223 PMCID: PMC4446327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) has been a versatile tool to study transport and reaction kinetics in live cells. Since the fluorescence data generated by fluorescence microscopy are in a relative scale, a wide variety of scalings and normalizations are used in quantitative FRAP analysis. Scaling and normalization are often required to account for inherent properties of diffusing biomolecules of interest or photochemical properties of the fluorescent tag such as mobile fraction or photofading during image acquisition. In some cases, scaling and normalization are also used for computational simplicity. However, to our best knowledge, the validity of those various forms of scaling and normalization has not been studied in a rigorous manner. In this study, we investigate the validity of various scalings and normalizations that have appeared in the literature to calculate mobile fractions and correct for photofading and assess their consistency with FRAP equations. As a test case, we consider linear or affine scaling of normal or anomalous diffusion FRAP equations in combination with scaling for immobile fractions. We also consider exponential scaling of either FRAP equations or FRAP data to correct for photofading. Using a combination of theoretical and experimental approaches, we show that compatible scaling schemes should be applied in the correct sequential order; otherwise, erroneous results may be obtained. We propose a hierarchical workflow to carry out FRAP data analysis and discuss the broader implications of our findings for FRAP data analysis using a variety of kinetic models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minchul Kang
- School of Science, Technology & Engineering Management, St. Thomas University, Miami Gardens, Florida, USA
- * E-mail:
| | - Manuel Andreani
- School of Science, Technology & Engineering Management, St. Thomas University, Miami Gardens, Florida, USA
| | - Anne K. Kenworthy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schweinhuber SK, Meßerschmidt T, Hänsch R, Korte M, Rothkegel M. Profilin isoforms modulate astrocytic morphology and the motility of astrocytic processes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117244. [PMID: 25629407 PMCID: PMC4309604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphology of astrocytic processes determines their close structural association with synapses referred to as the ‘tripartite synapse’. Concerted morphological plasticity processes at tripartite synapses are supposed to shape neuronal communication. Morphological changes in astrocytes as well as the motility of astrocytic processes require remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Among the regulators of fast timescale actin-based motility, the actin binding protein profilin 1 has recently been shown to control the activity-dependent outgrowth of astrocytic processes. Here, we demonstrate that cultured murine astrocytes in addition to the ubiquitous profilin 1 also express the neuronal isoform profilin 2a. To analyze the cellular function of both profilins in astrocytes, we took advantage of a shRNA mediated isoform-specific downregulation. Interestingly, consistent with earlier results in neurons, we found redundant as well as isoform-specific functions of both profilins in modulating cellular physiology. The knockdown of either profilin 1 or profilin 2a led to a significant decrease in cell spreading of astrocytes. In contrast, solely the knockdown of profilin 2a resulted in a significantly reduced morphological complexity of astrocytes in both dissociated and slice culture astrocytes. Moreover, both isoforms proved to be crucial for forskolin-induced astrocytic stellation. Furthermore, forskolin treatment resulted in isoform-specific changes in the phosphorylation level of profilin 1 and profilin 2a, leading to a PKA-dependent phosphorylation of profilin 2a. In addition, transwell assays revealed an involvement of both isoforms in the motility of astrocytic processes, while FRAP analysis displayed an isoform-specific role of profilin 1 in the regulation of actin dynamics in peripheral astrocytic processes. Taken together, we suggest profilin isoforms to be important modulators of astrocytic morphology and motility with overlapping as well as isoform-specific functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tania Meßerschmidt
- Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Molecular and Cell Biology of Plants, Institute of Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Rothkegel
- Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|