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Negi NP, Prakash G, Narwal P, Panwar R, Kumar D, Chaudhry B, Rustagi A. The calcium connection: exploring the intricacies of calcium signaling in plant-microbe interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1248648. [PMID: 37849843 PMCID: PMC10578444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1248648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The process of plant immune response is orchestrated by intracellular signaling molecules. Since plants are devoid of a humoral system, they develop extensive mechanism of pathogen recognition, signal perception, and intricate cell signaling for their protection from biotic and abiotic stresses. The pathogenic attack induces calcium ion accumulation in the plant cells, resulting in calcium signatures that regulate the synthesis of proteins of defense system. These calcium signatures induct different calcium dependent proteins such as calmodulins (CaMs), calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and other signaling molecules to orchestrate the complex defense signaling. Using advanced biotechnological tools, the role of Ca2+ signaling during plant-microbe interactions and the role of CaM/CMLs and CDPKs in plant defense mechanism has been revealed to some extent. The Emerging perspectives on calcium signaling in plant-microbe interactions suggest that this complex interplay could be harnessed to improve plant resistance against pathogenic microbes. We present here an overview of current understanding in calcium signatures during plant-microbe interaction so as to imbibe a future direction of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Prabha Negi
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Geeta Prakash
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, New Delhi, India
| | - Parul Narwal
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Ruby Panwar
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Oelmüller R, Tseng YH, Gandhi A. Signals and Their Perception for Remodelling, Adjustment and Repair of the Plant Cell Wall. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087417. [PMID: 37108585 PMCID: PMC10139151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the cell wall is important for plant cells. Mechanical or chemical distortions, tension, pH changes in the apoplast, disturbance of the ion homeostasis, leakage of cell compounds into the apoplastic space or breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides activate cellular responses which often occur via plasma membrane-localized receptors. Breakdown products of the cell wall polysaccharides function as damage-associated molecular patterns and derive from cellulose (cello-oligomers), hemicelluloses (mainly xyloglucans and mixed-linkage glucans as well as glucuronoarabinoglucans in Poaceae) and pectins (oligogalacturonides). In addition, several types of channels participate in mechanosensing and convert physical into chemical signals. To establish a proper response, the cell has to integrate information about apoplastic alterations and disturbance of its wall with cell-internal programs which require modifications in the wall architecture due to growth, differentiation or cell division. We summarize recent progress in pattern recognition receptors for plant-derived oligosaccharides, with a focus on malectin domain-containing receptor kinases and their crosstalk with other perception systems and intracellular signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Oelmüller
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Yu-Heng Tseng
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Akanksha Gandhi
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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3
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Jia B, Li Y, Sun X, Sun M. Structure, Function, and Applications of Soybean Calcium Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214220. [PMID: 36430698 PMCID: PMC9693241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine max is a calcium-loving crop. The external application of calcium fertilizer is beneficial to the increase of soybean yield. Indeed, calcium is a vital nutrient in plant growth and development. As a core metal ion in signaling transduction, calcium content is maintained in dynamic balance under normal circumstances. Now, eight transporters were found to control the uptake and efflux of calcium. Though these calcium transporters have been identified through genome-wide analysis, only a few of them were functionally verified. Therefore, in this study, we summarized the current knowledge of soybean calcium transporters in structural features, expression characteristics, roles in stress response, and prospects. The above results will be helpful in understanding the function of cellular calcium transport and provide a theoretical basis for elevating soybean yield.
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Entanglement of Arabidopsis Seedlings to a Mesh Substrate under Microgravity Conditions in KIBO on the ISS. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070956. [PMID: 35406935 PMCID: PMC9003378 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The International Space Station (ISS) provides a precious opportunity to study plant growth and development under microgravity (micro-G) conditions. In this study, four lines of Arabidopsis seeds (wild type, wild-type MCA1-GFP, mca1-knockout, and MCA1-overexpressed) were cultured on a nylon lace mesh placed on Gelrite-solidified MS-medium in the Japanese experiment module KIBO on the ISS, and the entanglement of roots with the mesh was examined under micro-G and 1-G conditions. We found that root entanglement with the mesh was enhanced, and root coiling was induced under the micro-G condition. This behavior was less pronounced in mca1-knockout seedlings, although MCA1-GFP distribution at the root tip of the seedlings was nearly the same in micro-G-grown seedlings and the ground control seedlings. Possible involvement of MCA1 in the root entanglement is discussed.
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MCAs in Arabidopsis are Ca 2+-permeable mechanosensitive channels inherently sensitive to membrane tension. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6074. [PMID: 34667173 PMCID: PMC8526687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels respond to mechanical stress and convert it into intracellular electric and ionic signals. Five MS channel families have been identified in plants, including the Mid1-Complementing Activity (MCA) channel; however, its activation mechanisms have not been elucidated in detail. We herein demonstrate that the MCA2 channel is a Ca2+-permeable MS channel that is directly activated by membrane tension. The N-terminal 173 residues of MCA1 and MCA2 were synthesized in vitro, purified, and reconstituted into artificial liposomal membranes. Liposomes reconstituted with MCA1(1-173) or MCA2(1-173) mediate Ca2+ influx and the application of pressure to the membrane reconstituted with MCA2(1-173) elicits channel currents. This channel is also activated by voltage. Blockers for MS channels inhibit activation by stretch, but not by voltage. Since MCA proteins are found exclusively in plants, these results suggest that MCA represent plant-specific MS channels that open directly with membrane tension. Mechanosensitive ion channels convert mechanical stimuli into intracellular electric and ionic signals. Here the authors show that Arabidopsis MCA2 is a Ca2+-permeable mechanosensitive channel that is directly activated by membrane tension.
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Hartmann FP, Tinturier E, Julien JL, Leblanc-Fournier N. Between Stress and Response: Function and Localization of Mechanosensitive Ca 2+ Channels in Herbaceous and Perennial Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11043. [PMID: 34681698 PMCID: PMC8538497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, how plants sense and respond to mechanical stress has become a flourishing field of research. The pivotal role of mechanosensing in organogenesis and acclimation was demonstrated in various plants, and links are emerging between gene regulatory networks and physical forces exerted on tissues. However, how plant cells convert physical signals into chemical signals remains unclear. Numerous studies have focused on the role played by mechanosensitive (MS) calcium ion channels MCA, Piezo and OSCA. To complement these data, we combined data mining and visualization approaches to compare the tissue-specific expression of these genes, taking advantage of recent single-cell RNA-sequencing data obtained in the root apex and the stem of Arabidopsis and the Populus stem. These analyses raise questions about the relationships between the localization of MS channels and the localization of stress and responses. Such tissue-specific expression studies could help to elucidate the functions of MS channels. Finally, we stress the need for a better understanding of such mechanisms in trees, which are facing mechanical challenges of much higher magnitudes and over much longer time scales than herbaceous plants, and we mention practical applications of plant responsiveness to mechanical stress in agriculture and forestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix P. Hartmann
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (E.T.); (J.-L.J.)
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Behnami S, Bonetta D. With an Ear Up against the Wall: An Update on Mechanoperception in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1587. [PMID: 34451632 PMCID: PMC8398075 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cells interpret mechanical signals and adjust their physiology or development appropriately. In plants, the interface with the outside world is the cell wall, a structure that forms a continuum with the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton. Mechanical stress from cell wall damage or deformation is interpreted to elicit compensatory responses, hormone signalling, or immune responses. Our understanding of how this is achieved is still evolving; however, we can refer to examples from animals and yeast where more of the details have been worked out. Here, we provide an update on this changing story with a focus on candidate mechanosensitive channels and plasma membrane-localized receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dario Bonetta
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada;
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PIEZO ion channel is required for root mechanotransduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102188118. [PMID: 33975957 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102188118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant roots adapt to the mechanical constraints of the soil to grow and absorb water and nutrients. As in animal species, mechanosensitive ion channels in plants are proposed to transduce external mechanical forces into biological signals. However, the identity of these plant root ion channels remains unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana PIEZO1 (PZO1) has preserved the function of its animal relatives and acts as an ion channel. We present evidence that plant PIEZO1 is expressed in the columella and lateral root cap cells of the root tip, which are known to experience robust mechanical strain during root growth. Deleting PZO1 from the whole plant significantly reduced the ability of its roots to penetrate denser barriers compared to wild-type plants. pzo1 mutant root tips exhibited diminished calcium transients in response to mechanical stimulation, supporting a role of PZO1 in root mechanotransduction. Finally, a chimeric PZO1 channel that includes the C-terminal half of PZO1 containing the putative pore region was functional and mechanosensitive when expressed in naive mammalian cells. Collectively, our data suggest that Arabidopsis PIEZO1 plays an important role in root mechanotransduction and establish PIEZOs as physiologically relevant mechanosensitive ion channels across animal and plant kingdoms.
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The gravistimulation-induced very slow Ca 2+ increase in Arabidopsis seedlings requires MCA1, a Ca 2+-permeable mechanosensitive channel. Sci Rep 2021; 11:227. [PMID: 33420331 PMCID: PMC7794229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gravity is a critical environmental factor affecting the morphology and function of plants on Earth. Gravistimulation triggered by changes in the gravity vector induces an increase in the cytoplasmic free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]c) as an early process of gravity sensing; however, its role and molecular mechanism are still unclear. When seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana expressing apoaequorin were rotated from the upright position to the upside-down position, a biphasic [Ca2+]c-increase composed of a fast-transient [Ca2+]c-increase followed by a slow [Ca2+]c-increase was observed. We find here a novel type [Ca2+]c-increase, designated a very slow [Ca2+]c-increase that is observed when the seedlings were rotated back to the upright position from the upside-down position. The very slow [Ca2+]c-increase was strongly attenuated in knockout seedlings defective in MCA1, a mechanosensitive Ca2+-permeable channel (MSCC), and was partially restored in MCA1-complemented seedlings. The mechanosensitive ion channel blocker, gadolinium, blocked the very slow [Ca2+]c-increase. This is the first report suggesting the possible involvement of MCA1 in an early event related to gravity sensing in Arabidopsis seedlings.
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10
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Jubic LM, Saile S, Furzer OJ, El Kasmi F, Dangl JL. Help wanted: helper NLRs and plant immune responses. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 50:82-94. [PMID: 31063902 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) proteins function as intracellular receptors in response to pathogens and activate effector-triggered immune responses (ETI). The activation of some sensor NLRs (sNLR) by their corresponding pathogen effector is well studied. However, the mechanisms by which the recently defined helper NLRs (hNLR) function to transduce sNLR activation into ETI-associated cell death and disease resistance remains poorly understood. We briefly summarize recent examples of sNLR activation and we then focus on hNLR requirements in sNLR-initiated immune responses. We further discuss how shared sequence homology with fungal self-incompatibility proteins and the mammalian mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL) proteins informs a plausible model for the structure and function of an ancient clade of plant hNLRs, called RNLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance M Jubic
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Svenja Saile
- ZMBP-Plant Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver J Furzer
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Farid El Kasmi
- ZMBP-Plant Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA; Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
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Wang HW, Fan X. Challenges and opportunities in cryo-EM with phase plate. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 58:175-182. [PMID: 31374473 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Not long after the invention of transmission electron microscope (TEM), phase plate was proposed as a novel electron-optical apparatus at the back-focal plane of the objective lens to modulate the magnified specimen images with enhanced contrast, especially in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) application of biological specimens. In the past two decades, novel phase plates of different kinds were designed and fabricated for cryo-EM application. Some of them such as the Volta phase plate have already been proved very useful in single particle cryo-EM and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) analysis. In this review, we discuss the current progress, challenges and opportunities of cryo-EM with phase plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center of Biological Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiao Fan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center of Biological Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Calcium Signaling-Mediated Plant Response to Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123896. [PMID: 30563125 PMCID: PMC6320992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Low temperatures have adverse impacts on plant growth, developmental processes, crop productivity and food quality. It is becoming clear that Ca2+ signaling plays a crucial role in conferring cold tolerance in plants. However, the role of Ca2+ involved in cold stress response needs to be further elucidated. Recent studies have shown how the perception of cold signals regulate Ca2+ channels to induce Ca2+ transients. In addition, studies have shown how Ca2+ signaling and its cross-talk with nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways ultimately lead to establishing cold tolerance in plants. Ca2+ signaling also plays a key role through Ca2+/calmodulin-mediated Arabidopsis signal responsive 1 (AtSR1/CAMTA3) when temperatures drop rapidly. This review highlights the current status in Ca2+ signaling-mediated cold tolerance in plants.
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Demidchik V, Shabala S, Isayenkov S, Cuin TA, Pottosin I. Calcium transport across plant membranes: mechanisms and functions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:49-69. [PMID: 29916203 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 49 I. Introduction 49 II. Physiological and structural characteristics of plant Ca2+ -permeable ion channels 50 III. Ca2+ extrusion systems 61 IV. Concluding remarks 64 Acknowledgements 64 References 64 SUMMARY: Calcium is an essential structural, metabolic and signalling element. The physiological functions of Ca2+ are enabled by its orchestrated transport across cell membranes, mediated by Ca2+ -permeable ion channels, Ca2+ -ATPases and Ca2+ /H+ exchangers. Bioinformatics analysis has not determined any Ca2+ -selective filters in plant ion channels, but electrophysiological tests do reveal Ca2+ conductances in plant membranes. The biophysical characteristics of plant Ca2+ conductances have been studied in detail and were recently complemented by molecular genetic approaches. Plant Ca2+ conductances are mediated by several families of ion channels, including cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs), ionotropic glutamate receptors, two-pore channel 1 (TPC1), annexins and several types of mechanosensitive channels. Key Ca2+ -mediated reactions (e.g. sensing of temperature, gravity, touch and hormones, and cell elongation and guard cell closure) have now been associated with the activities of specific subunits from these families. Structural studies have demonstrated a unique selectivity filter in TPC1, which is passable for hydrated divalent cations. The hypothesis of a ROS-Ca2+ hub is discussed, linking Ca2+ transport to ROS generation. CNGC inactivation by cytosolic Ca2+ , leading to the termination of Ca2+ signals, is now mechanistically explained. The structure-function relationships of Ca2+ -ATPases and Ca2+ /H+ exchangers, and their regulation and physiological roles are analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Demidchik
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- Department of Plant Cell Biology and Bioengineering, Biological Faculty, Belarusian State University, 4 Independence Avenue, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Professora Popova Street, St Petersburg, 197376, Russia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Stanislav Isayenkov
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 2a Osipovskogo Street, Kyiv, 04123, Ukraine
| | - Tracey A Cuin
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Avenida 25 de julio 965, Colima, 28045, Mexico
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Ca 2+-permeable mechanosensitive channels MCA1 and MCA2 mediate cold-induced cytosolic Ca 2+ increase and cold tolerance in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:550. [PMID: 29323146 PMCID: PMC5765038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold shock triggers an immediate rise in the cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in Arabidopsis thaliana and this cold-induced elevation of [Ca2+]cyt is inhibited by lanthanum or EGTA. It is suggested that intracellular calcium mainly contributes to the cold-induced [Ca2+]cyt response by entering into the cytosol. Two calcium-permeable mechanosensitive channels, MCA1 and MCA2 (mid1-complementing activity), have been identified in Arabidopsis. Here, we demonstrate that MCA1 and MCA2 are involved in a cold-induced increase in [Ca2+]cyt. The cold-induced [Ca2+]cyt increase in mca1 and mca2 mutants was markedly lower than that in wild types. The mca1 mca2 double mutant exhibited chilling and freezing sensitivity, compared to wild-type plants. Expression of At5g61820, At3g51660, and At4g15490, which are not regulated by the CBF/DREB1s transcription factor, was down-regulated in mca1 mca2. These results suggest that MCA1 and MCA2 are involved in the cold-induced elevation of [Ca2+]cyt, cold tolerance, and CBF/DREB1-independent cold signaling.
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Basu D, Haswell ES. Plant mechanosensitive ion channels: an ocean of possibilities. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 40:43-48. [PMID: 28750206 PMCID: PMC5714682 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels, transmembrane proteins that directly couple mechanical stimuli to ion flux, serve to sense and respond to changes in membrane tension in all branches of life. In plants, mechanosensitive channels have been implicated in the perception of important mechanical stimuli such as osmotic pressure, touch, gravity, and pathogenic invasion. Indeed, three established families of plant mechanosensitive ion channels play roles in cell and organelle osmoregulation and root mechanosensing - and it is likely that many other channels and functions await discovery. Inspired by recent discoveries in bacterial and animal systems, we are beginning to establish the conserved and the unique ways in which mechanosensitive channels function in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Basu
- Department of Biology, Mailcode 1137, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Haswell
- Department of Biology, Mailcode 1137, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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16
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Kamano S, Kume S, Iida K, Lei KJ, Nakano M, Nakayama Y, Iida H. Transmembrane Topologies of Ca2+-permeable Mechanosensitive Channels MCA1 and MCA2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30901-9. [PMID: 26555262 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.692574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing mechanical stresses, including touch, stretch, compression, and gravity, is crucial for growth and development in plants. A good mechanosensor candidate is the Ca(2+)-permeable mechanosensitive (MS) channel, the pore of which opens to permeate Ca(2+) in response to mechanical stresses. However, the structure-function relationships of plant MS channels are poorly understood. Arabidopsis MCA1 and MCA2 form a homotetramer and exhibit Ca(2+)-permeable MS channel activity; however, their structures have only been partially elucidated. The transmembrane topologies of these ion channels need to be determined in more detail to elucidate the underlying regulatory mechanisms. We herein determined the topologies of MCA1 and MCA2 using two independent methods, the Suc2C reporter and split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid methods, and found that both proteins are single-pass type I integral membrane proteins with extracellular N termini and intracellular C termini. These results imply that an EF hand-like motif, coiled-coil motif, and plac8 motif are all present in the cytoplasm. Thus, the activities of both channels can be regulated by intracellular Ca(2+) and protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Kamano
- From the Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukui kita-machi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan and
| | - Shinichiro Kume
- From the Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukui kita-machi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan and
| | - Kazuko Iida
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kai-Jian Lei
- From the Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukui kita-machi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan and
| | - Masataka Nakano
- From the Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukui kita-machi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan and
| | - Yoshitaka Nakayama
- From the Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukui kita-machi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan and
| | - Hidetoshi Iida
- From the Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukui kita-machi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan and
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Hamann T. The plant cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism--a case study of a cell wall plasma membrane signaling network. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 112:100-9. [PMID: 25446233 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Some of the most important functions of plant cell walls are protection against biotic/abiotic stress and structural support during growth and development. A prerequisite for plant cell walls to perform these functions is the ability to perceive different types of stimuli in both qualitative and quantitative manners and initiate appropriate responses. The responses in turn involve adaptive changes in cellular and cell wall metabolism leading to modifications in the structures originally required for perception. While our knowledge about the underlying plant mechanisms is limited, results from Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggest the cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism represents an excellent example to illustrate how the molecular mechanisms responsible for stimulus perception, signal transduction and integration can function. Here I will review the available knowledge about the yeast cell wall integrity maintenance system for illustration purposes, summarize the limited knowledge available about the corresponding plant mechanism and discuss the relevance of the plant cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism in biotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Hamann
- Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, Realfagbygget, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Saddhe AA, Kumar K. In silico identification and expression analysis of MscS like gene family in rice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Baker MR, Fan G, Serysheva II. Single-particle cryo-EM of the ryanodine receptor channel in an aqueous environment. Eur J Transl Myol 2015; 25:4803. [PMID: 25844145 PMCID: PMC4748972 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2015.4803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are tetrameric ligand-gated Ca2+ release channels that are responsible for the increase of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration leading to muscle contraction. Our current understanding of RyR channel gating and regulation is greatly limited due to the lack of a high-resolution structure of the channel protein. The enormous size and unwieldy shape of Ca2+ release channels make X-ray or NMR methods difficult to apply for high-resolution structural analysis of the full-length functional channel. Single-particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) is one of the only effective techniques for the study of such a large integral membrane protein and its molecular interactions. Despite recent developments in cryo-EM technologies and break-through single-particle cryo-EM studies of ion channels, cryospecimen preparation, particularly the presence of detergent in the buffer, remains the main impediment to obtaining atomic-resolution structures of ion channels and a multitude of other integral membrane protein complexes. In this review we will discuss properties of several detergents that have been successfully utilized in cryo-EM studies of ion channels and the emergence of the detergent alternative amphipol to stabilize ion channels for structure-function characterization. Future structural studies of challenging specimen like ion channels are likely to be facilitated by cryo-EM amenable detergents or alternative surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irina I. Serysheva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kurusu T, Kuchitsu K, Tada Y. Plant signaling networks involving Ca(2+) and Rboh/Nox-mediated ROS production under salinity stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:427. [PMID: 26113854 PMCID: PMC4461821 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress, which induces both ionic and osmotic damage, impairs plant growth and causes severe reductions in crop yield. Plants are equipped with defense responses against salinity stress such as regulation of ion transport including Na(+) and K(+), accumulation of compatible solutes and stress-related gene expression. The initial Ca(2+) influx mediated by plasma membrane ion channels has been suggested to be crucial for the adaptive signaling. NADPH oxidase (Nox)-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has also been suggested to play crucial roles in regulating adaptation to salinity stress in several plant species including halophytes. Respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh) proteins show the ROS-producing Nox activity, which are synergistically activated by the binding of Ca(2+) to EF-hand motifs as well as Ca(2+)-dependent phosphorylation. We herein review molecular identity, structural features and roles of the Ca(2+)-permeable channels involved in early salinity and osmotic signaling, and comparatively discuss the interrelationships among spatiotemporal dynamic changes in cytosolic concentrations of free Ca(2+), Rboh-mediated ROS production, and downstream signaling events during salinity adaptation in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Kurusu
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of TechnologyHachioji, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of ScienceNoda, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of ScienceNoda, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takamitsu Kurusu, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of ScienceNoda, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of ScienceNoda, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tada
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of TechnologyHachioji, Japan
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Hamilton ES, Schlegel AM, Haswell ES. United in diversity: mechanosensitive ion channels in plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 66:113-37. [PMID: 25494462 PMCID: PMC4470482 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043014-114700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are a common mechanism for perceiving and responding to mechanical force. This class of mechanoreceptors is capable of transducing membrane tension directly into ion flux. In plant systems, MS ion channels have been proposed to play a wide array of roles, from the perception of touch and gravity to the osmotic homeostasis of intracellular organelles. Three families of plant MS ion channels have been identified: the MscS-like (MSL), Mid1-complementing activity (MCA), and two-pore potassium (TPK) families. Channels from these families vary widely in structure and function, localize to multiple cellular compartments, and conduct chloride, calcium, and/or potassium ions. However, they are still likely to represent only a fraction of the MS ion channel diversity in plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Hamilton
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Angela M. Schlegel
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Elizabeth S. Haswell
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130
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Nakano M, Samejima R, Iida H. Mechanosensitive channel candidate MCA2 is involved in touch-induced root responses in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:421. [PMID: 25191336 PMCID: PMC4140169 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Ca(2+)-permeable mechanosensitive (MS) channel is a mechanical stress sensor. We previously reported that Arabidopsis MCA1 and its paralog MCA2 functioned individually as Ca(2+)-permeable MS channels. In the present study, we showed that the primary roots of the mca2-null mutant behaved abnormally on the surface of hard medium. First, primary roots are known to exhibit a skewing growth pattern on the surface of vertically placed agar medium. On such surface, the primary roots of mca2-null skewed more than those of the wild type. Second, when seedlings were grown on a tilted agar surface, the primary root of mca2-null showed abnormal waving patterns. Third, wild-type seedlings eventually died when grown on horizontally placed 3.2% gelrite medium, which was too hard to allow the primary roots of the wild type to penetrate, because their primary roots sprang from the surface of the medium and may have been unable to absorb water and nutrients. In contrast, the primary roots of mca2-null, but not those of mca1-null, were able to creep over the surface of the medium and grow. Fourth, when grown on the surface of 3.2% agar medium supplemented with 30 mM CaCl2, only mca2-null grew with a root that coiled in a clockwise direction. Lastly, on the surface of vertically placed rectangular plates that allowed primary roots to grow vertically down to the frame of the plate, wild-type primary roots grew horizontally after touching the frame at an angle of 90(∘). During the horizontal growth, only the extreme root tips maintained contact with the frame. In contrast, the primary roots of mca2-null allowed not only the extreme root tips, but also the meristem and elongation zones to maintain contact with the frame during horizontal growth. These results suggest that MCA2 is involved in touch-related root responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hidetoshi Iida
- *Correspondence: Hidetoshi Iida, Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Kukui kita-machi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan e-mail:
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