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A View on Uterine Leiomyoma Genesis through the Prism of Genetic, Epigenetic and Cellular Heterogeneity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065752. [PMID: 36982825 PMCID: PMC10056617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas (ULs), frequent benign tumours of the female reproductive tract, are associated with a range of symptoms and significant morbidity. Despite extensive research, there is no consensus on essential points of UL initiation and development. The main reason for this is a pronounced inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity resulting from diverse and complicated mechanisms underlying UL pathobiology. In this review, we comprehensively analyse risk and protective factors for UL development, UL cellular composition, hormonal and paracrine signalling, epigenetic regulation and genetic abnormalities. We conclude the need to carefully update the concept of UL genesis in light of the current data. Staying within the framework of the existing hypotheses, we introduce a possible timeline for UL development and the associated key events—from potential prerequisites to the beginning of UL formation and the onset of driver and passenger changes.
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Zhang W, Zhang S, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Lipoblastoma in one adult and 35 pediatric patients: Retrospective analysis of 36 cases. Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:11. [PMID: 36561624 PMCID: PMC9748941 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoblastoma is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm that typically occurs at various sites in infants and children but may also occur in adults. Thus, differential diagnoses are often performed. To understand this tumor type, the present study described clinicopathological features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of different morphological lipoblastomas. A single-institution retrospective review of 36 lipoblastoma cases diagnosed between 2015 and 2021 was performed. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue was used for S-100, CD34, P16 and desmin immunohistochemistry analysis, along with rapid fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detection with pleiomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1). The 36 cases included 14 females and 22 males [age range, 7 days to 33 years (median, 16.5 years); 28 patients were aged ≤3 years] and the tumors were located in the trunk (n=16), limbs (n=12), head and neck (n=6), and perineum (n=2). Histologically, lipoblastomas were divided into classic (n=15), lipoma-like (n=13) and myxoid (n=8) subtypes. They comprised lobules of mature adipose tissue of varying size and a fine capillary network surrounded by mucinous stroma. Single- or multivesicular lipoblasts positive for S-100 (29/36, 81%) were observed, with occasional mature adipocytes. Peripheral vessels and cytoplasm of primitive mesenchymal cells were diffusely positive for CD34 (36/36, 100%), whereas primitive mesenchymal cells and striated muscle tissue were positive for desmin (26/36, 72%). Most tumor cells were negative while only few were positive for P16 (8/36, 22%). FISH revealed PLAG1 breakage and rearrangement in 24/32 (75%) patients. In total, 28 patients were followed up post-operatively (range, 2-84 months; median, 41 months; 3 patients relapsed and 8 were lost to follow-up). In conclusion, diagnosis of a typical lipoblastoma is not difficult and PLAG1 breakage detection is key for the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Shuwan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Zixin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Zhe Wang, Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Chromosome Translocations, Gene Fusions, and Their Molecular Consequences in Pleomorphic Salivary Gland Adenomas. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081970. [PMID: 36009517 PMCID: PMC9405559 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors originating from the major and minor salivary glands. The pleomorphic adenoma (PA), which is the most common subtype, is a benign lesion showing a remarkable morphologic diversity and that, upon recurrence or malignant transformation, can cause significant clinical problems. Cytogenetic studies of >500 PAs have revealed a complex and recurrent pattern of chromosome rearrangements. In this review, we discuss the specificity and frequency of these rearrangements and their molecular/clinical consequences. The genomic hallmark of PA is translocations with breakpoints in 8q12 and 12q13-15 resulting in gene fusions involving the transcription factor genes PLAG1 and HMGA2. Until recently, the association between these two oncogenic drivers was obscure. Studies of the Silver−Russel syndrome, a growth retardation condition infrequently caused by mutations in IGF2/HMGA2/PLAG1, have provided new clues to the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of PA. These studies have demonstrated that HMGA2 is an upstream regulator of PLAG1 and that HMGA2 regulates the expression of IGF2 via PLAG1. This provides a novel explanation for the 8q12/12q13-15 aberrations in PA and identifies IGF2 as a major oncogenic driver and therapeutic target in PA. These studies have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications for patients with PA.
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Salas A, Beltrán-Flores S, Évora C, Reyes R, Montes de Oca F, Delgado A, Almeida TA. Stem Cell Growth and Differentiation in Organ Culture: New Insights for Uterine Fibroid Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071542. [PMID: 35884847 PMCID: PMC9313456 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ culture allows for the understanding of normal and tumor cell biology, and tissues generally remain viable for 5–7 days. Strikingly, we determined that myometrial and MED12 mutant leiomyoma cells repopulated cell-depleted tissue slices after 20 days of culture. Using immunofluorescence and quantitative PCR of stem cell and undifferentiated cell markers, we observed clusters of CD49b+ cells in tumor slices. CD49b+ cells, however, were sparsely detected in the myometrial slices. Almost all LM cells strongly expressed Ki67, while only a few myometrial cells were stained for this proliferation marker. The CD73 marker was expressed only in tumor cells, whereas the mesenchymal stem cell receptor KIT was detected only in normal cells. HMGA2 and CD24 showed broader expression patterns and higher signal intensity in leiomyoma than in myometrial cells. In this study, we propose that activating CD49b+ stem cells in myometrium leads to asymmetrical division, giving rise to transit-amplifying KIT+ cells that differentiate to smooth muscle cells. On the contrary, activated leiomyoma CD49b+ cells symmetrically divide to form clusters of stem cells that divide and differentiate to smooth muscle cells without losing proliferation ability. In conclusion, normal and mutant stem cells can proliferate and differentiate in long-term organ culture, constituting a helpful platform for novel therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Salas
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Biology Section, Science Faculty, University of La Laguna, Ave. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n. San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (A.S.); (S.B.-F.); (R.R.)
- Institute of Tropical Diseases and Healthcare of the Canary Island, Ave. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n. San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Silvia Beltrán-Flores
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Biology Section, Science Faculty, University of La Laguna, Ave. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n. San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (A.S.); (S.B.-F.); (R.R.)
| | - Carmen Évora
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of La Laguna, Ave. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n. San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (C.É.); (A.D.)
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Medicine Section, Faculty of Health Science, University of La Laguna, St. Santa María Soledad, s/n. San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ricardo Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Biology Section, Science Faculty, University of La Laguna, Ave. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n. San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (A.S.); (S.B.-F.); (R.R.)
- Institute of Tropical Diseases and Healthcare of the Canary Island, Ave. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n. San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Araceli Delgado
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of La Laguna, Ave. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n. San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (C.É.); (A.D.)
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Medicine Section, Faculty of Health Science, University of La Laguna, St. Santa María Soledad, s/n. San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Teresa A. Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Biology Section, Science Faculty, University of La Laguna, Ave. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n. San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (A.S.); (S.B.-F.); (R.R.)
- Institute of Tropical Diseases and Healthcare of the Canary Island, Ave. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n. San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-922-316-502 (ext. 6117)
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IGF2: Development, Genetic and Epigenetic Abnormalities. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121886. [PMID: 35741015 PMCID: PMC9221339 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 30 years since the first report of parental imprinting in insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) knockout mouse models, we have learnt much about the structure of this protein, its role and regulation. Indeed, many animal and human studies involving innovative techniques have shed light on the complex regulation of IGF2 expression. The physiological roles of IGF-II have also been documented, revealing pleiotropic tissue-specific and developmental-stage-dependent action. Furthermore, in recent years, animal studies have highlighted important interspecies differences in IGF-II function, gene expression and regulation. The identification of human disorders due to impaired IGF2 gene expression has also helped to elucidate the major role of IGF-II in growth and in tumor proliferation. The Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes are the most representative imprinted disorders, as they constitute both phenotypic and molecular mirrors of IGF2-linked abnormalities. The characterization of patients with either epigenetic or genetic defects altering IGF2 expression has confirmed the central role of IGF-II in human growth regulation, particularly before birth, and its effects on broader body functions, such as metabolism or tumor susceptibility. Given the long-term health impact of these rare disorders, it is important to understand the consequences of IGF2 defects in these patients.
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Gerhard-Hartmann E, Vokuhl C, Roth S, Steinmüller T, Rosenfeldt M, Zamò A, Rosenwald A, Appenzeller S, Ernestus K, Maurus K. The histological and molecular spectrum of lipoblastoma: A case series with identification of three novel gene fusions by targeted RNA-sequencing. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 226:153591. [PMID: 34455363 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipoblastoma is a rare benign mesenchymal neoplasm that typically occurs in infancy but may also occur in older age groups and various locations. Thus, there are often numerous clinical differential diagnoses. Moreover, lipoblastomas can show a broad histologic spectrum, which can hamper the correct diagnosis, particularly in small biopsies. At the genomic level, lipoblastomas are characterized by chromosomal fusions involving the PLAG1 gene. We investigated 11 lipoblastoma samples from 10 pediatric patients (age range five months to 12 years), including one patient with local recurrence, in view of their histopathological features, and performed targeted RNA sequencing. We found a broad histological spectrum with some tumors with prominent myxoid changes, but also tumors composed mainly of mature adipocytic cells, and classified the cases according to the literature as classic (mixed), maturing, or myxoid subtype. By targeted RNA sequencing analysis, we identified characteristic PLAG1 rearrangements in 70% of the investigated cases. Moreover, these analyses revealed three novel gene fusions, two affecting the PLAG1 gene and one involving HMGA2. Besides, we performed PLAG1 immunohistochemistry and identified positive cells, typically immature adipocytic cells and spindle cells, at various numbers in all cases. However, in the maturing areas, only very sparsely positive cells were found, limiting the value of the PLAG1 immunohistochemistry as an adjunct in the diagnosis of lipoblastoma, particularly for the maturing subtype and small biopsies. The presented case series confirms the broad morphological spectrum of lipoblastoma described in the literature and underlines the value of modern molecular diagnostic approaches as a supportive diagnostic tool in challenging cases and for gaining further insights into the molecular basis of this rare mesenchymal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gerhard-Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Vokuhl
- Section of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabine Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tabea Steinmüller
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Rosenfeldt
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alberto Zamò
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silke Appenzeller
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karen Ernestus
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katja Maurus
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Bonner MA, Morales-Hernández A, Zhou S, Ma Z, Condori J, Wang YD, Fatima S, Palmer LE, Janke LJ, Fowler S, Sorrentino BP, McKinney-Freeman S. 3' UTR-truncated HMGA2 overexpression induces non-malignant in vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in non-human primates. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 21:693-701. [PMID: 34141824 PMCID: PMC8181581 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vector-mediated mutagenesis remains a major safety concern for many gene therapy clinical protocols. Indeed, lentiviral-based gene therapy treatments of hematologic disease can result in oligoclonal blood reconstitution in the transduced cell graft. Specifically, clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) highly expressing HMGA2, a chromatin architectural factor found in many human cancers, is reported in patients undergoing gene therapy for hematologic diseases, raising concerns about the safety of these integrations. Here, we show for the first time in vivo multilineage and multiclonal expansion of non-human primate HSCs expressing a 3' UTR-truncated version of HMGA2 without evidence of any hematologic malignancy >7 years post-transplantation, which is significantly longer than most non-human gene therapy pre-clinical studies. This expansion is accompanied by an increase in HSC survival, cell cycle activation of downstream progenitors, and changes in gene expression led by the upregulation of IGF2BP2, a mRNA binding regulator of survival and proliferation. Thus, we conclude that prolonged ectopic expression of HMGA2 in hematopoietic progenitors is not sufficient to drive hematologic malignancy and is not an acute safety concern in lentiviral-based gene therapy clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Bonner
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Sheng Zhou
- Experimental Cell Therapeutics Lab, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Zhijun Ma
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplant and Cell Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jose Condori
- Experimental Cell Therapeutics Lab, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Soghra Fatima
- Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lance E. Palmer
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Laura J. Janke
- Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stephanie Fowler
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Brian P. Sorrentino
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Mehine M, Khamaiseh S, Ahvenainen T, Heikkinen T, Äyräväinen A, Pakarinen P, Härkki P, Pasanen A, Bützow R, Vahteristo P. 3'RNA Sequencing Accurately Classifies Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Uterine Leiomyomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123839. [PMID: 33352722 PMCID: PMC7766537 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Uterine leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors affecting millions of women globally. On a molecular level, leiomyomas can be classified into three main subtypes, each characterized by mutations affecting either MED12, HMGA2, or FH. Leiomyomas are still widely regarded as a single entity, although early observations suggest that different subtypes behave differently, in terms of both clinical outcomes and therapeutic requirements. The majority of classification studies on leiomyomas have been performed using fresh frozen tissue. Archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue represents an invaluable source of biological material that can be studied retrospectively. Methods capable of generating high-quality data from FFPE material are in high demand. Here, we show that 3′RNA sequencing can accurately classify leiomyomas that have been stored as FFPE tissue in hospital archives for years. A targeted 3′RNA sequencing panel could provide researchers and clinicians with a cost-effective and scalable diagnostic tool for classifying smooth muscle tumors. Abstract Uterine leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle tumors occurring in 70% of women of reproductive age. The majority of leiomyomas harbor one of three well-established genetic changes: a hotspot mutation in MED12, overexpression of HMGA2, or biallelic loss of FH. The majority of studies have classified leiomyomas by complex and costly methods, such as whole-genome sequencing, or by combining multiple traditional methods, such as immunohistochemistry and Sanger sequencing. The type of specimens and the amount of resources available often determine the choice. A more universal, cost-effective, and scalable method for classifying leiomyomas is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether RNA sequencing can accurately classify formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) leiomyomas. We performed 3′RNA sequencing with 44 leiomyoma and 5 myometrium FFPE samples, revealing that the samples clustered according to the mutation status of MED12, HMGA2, and FH. Furthermore, we confirmed each subtype in a publicly available fresh frozen dataset. These results indicate that a targeted 3′RNA sequencing panel could serve as a cost-effective and robust tool for stratifying both fresh frozen and FFPE leiomyomas. This study also highlights 3′RNA sequencing as a promising method for studying the abundance of unexploited tissue material that is routinely stored in hospital archives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miika Mehine
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.M.); (S.K.); (T.A.); (T.H.); (A.Ä.); (A.P.); (R.B.)
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Khamaiseh
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.M.); (S.K.); (T.A.); (T.H.); (A.Ä.); (A.P.); (R.B.)
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terhi Ahvenainen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.M.); (S.K.); (T.A.); (T.H.); (A.Ä.); (A.P.); (R.B.)
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.M.); (S.K.); (T.A.); (T.H.); (A.Ä.); (A.P.); (R.B.)
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Äyräväinen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.M.); (S.K.); (T.A.); (T.H.); (A.Ä.); (A.P.); (R.B.)
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (P.P.); (P.H.)
| | - Päivi Pakarinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (P.P.); (P.H.)
| | - Päivi Härkki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; (P.P.); (P.H.)
| | - Annukka Pasanen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.M.); (S.K.); (T.A.); (T.H.); (A.Ä.); (A.P.); (R.B.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ralf Bützow
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.M.); (S.K.); (T.A.); (T.H.); (A.Ä.); (A.P.); (R.B.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Vahteristo
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.M.); (S.K.); (T.A.); (T.H.); (A.Ä.); (A.P.); (R.B.)
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-2-94125600
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9
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Segawa K, Sugita S, Aoyama T, Takenami T, Asanuma H, Kojima Y, Inayama Y, Hasegawa T. Myoepithelioma of soft tissue and bone, and myoepithelioma-like tumors of the vulvar region: Clinicopathological study of 15 cases by PLAG1 immunohistochemistry. Pathol Int 2020; 70:965-974. [PMID: 32940946 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated the clinicopathological findings of 13 myoepitheliomas of soft tissue and bone (MESTBs) and two myoepithelioma-like tumors of the vulvar region (MELTVRs), focusing on the association between nuclear atypia and clinical course, and the utility of immunohistochemistry (IHC) of pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) for the pathological diagnosis of these tumors. Of the 13 MESTBs, eight, one and four cases exhibited mild, moderate and severe nuclear atypia, respectively. Two cases with venous invasion showed severe nuclear atypia and both died of advanced disease. Two MELTVR cases showed moderate nuclear atypia and had no evidence of disease after surgery. On IHC, 12 of 13 (92.3%) MESTBs showed PLAG1 immunoreactivity and none of the MELTVRs expressed PLAG1. In addition, MELTVRs showed loss of INI1 expression. In contrast, all MESTBs retained INI1 expression. Fluorescence in situ hybridization detected EWSR1, FUS and PLAG1 rearrangement in 5 (38.5%), 0 (0%) and 2 (15.4%) of the 13 MESTBs, respectively. No EWSR1, FUS and PLAG1 rearrangement were observed in the METLVRs. In conclusion, MESTBs with both severe nuclear atypia and venous invasion would be indicative of malignant potential. PLAG1 might be a useful IHC marker in MESTB diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Segawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kushiro City General Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sugita
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Aoyama
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takenami
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroko Asanuma
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yui Kojima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Inayama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hasegawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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10
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High mobility group A protein-2 as a tumor cancer diagnostic and prognostic marker: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Prev 2020; 29:565-581. [PMID: 32898013 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group A protein-2 (HMGA2) is an architectural transcription factor that binds to the A/T-rich DNA minor groove and is responsible for regulating transcriptional activity of multiple genes indirectly through chromatin change and assembling enhanceosome. HMGA2 is overexpressed in multiple tumor types, suggesting its involvement in cancer initiation and progression, thus, making it an ideal candidate for cancer diagnostic and prognostic. We performed a systematic review to examine the role of HMGA2 as a universal tumor cancer diagnostic and prognostic marker. We used Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies to systematically search OvidMedline, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library for English language studies, published between 1995 and June 2019. Meta-analysis provided pooled risk estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for an association between overall survival and recurrence of cancers for studies with available estimates. We identified 42 eligible studies with a total of 5123 tumor samples in 15 types of cancer. The pooled percentage of HMGA2 gene expression in tumor samples was 65.14%. Meta-analysis showed that cancer patients with HMGA2 positive have significantly reduced survival, compared to patients without HMGA2 gene [pooled-hazard ratio (HR) = 1.85, 95% CI 1.48-2.22]. There was a positive association between cancer patients with HMGA2 overexpression and cancer recurrence though this association did not reach significance (pooled-HR = 1.44, 95% CI 0.80-2.07). Overexpression of HMGA2 was found in 15 types of cancer. There was an association between HMGA2 overexpression with reduced survival of cancer patients. HMGA2 is thus considered a promising universal tumor marker for prognostics.
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11
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Lopez-Nunez O, Alaggio R, Ranganathan S, Schmitt L, John I, Church AJ, Picarsic J. New molecular insights into the pathogenesis of lipoblastomas: clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis in pediatric cases. Hum Pathol 2020; 104:30-41. [PMID: 32692992 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lipoblastomas can occasionally require further molecular confirmation when occurring outside of the usual age groups or demonstrating unusual morphology. We reviewed 28 lipoblastomas with 16 controls. Lipoblastomas were subdivided into myxoid (n = 7), classic (n = 9), or lipoma-like (n = 12) subtypes. PLAG1 immunohistochemistry, PLAG1 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and targeted RNA sequencing were performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Karyotypes were available in a subset of lipoblastomas (n = 9). Gene rearrangements were identified in 17/25 (68%) lipoblastomas, including PLAG1 (15/25, 60%) and HMGA2 (2/25, 8%). Five novel fusion partners (DDX6, KLF10, and KANSL1L with PLAG1 and EP400 and FGD6 with HMGA2) were found. PLAG1 immunohistochemistry was positive (nuclear, moderate/strong) in myxoid and classic subtypes lipoblastomas with preferential expression in mesenchymal cells within myxoid stroma and fibrous septa and negative in all controls. When comparing PLAG1 immunohistochemistry with molecular testing (FISH and/or RNA sequencing and/or karyotype), concordant results were noted in 13/25 (52%) cases, increasing to 15/25 (60%) after slight adjustment of the PLAG1 FISH positive threshold. In myxoid and classic lipoblastomas, PLAG1 immunohistochemistry seems to be a better surrogate marker for PLAG1 rearrangement, as compared with lipoma-like subtypes. In lipoma-like subtypes, targeted RNA sequencing appears to detect PLAG1 fusions better than FISH and immunohistochemistry. The preferential expression of PLAG1 in the mesenchymal and fibroblast-like cells deserves further investigation as the putative cell of origin in lipoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Lopez-Nunez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Rita Alaggio
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Pathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, 00165, Italy
| | - Sarangarajan Ranganathan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Lori Schmitt
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Ivy John
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Alanna J Church
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer Picarsic
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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12
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Sakai H, Fujii Y, Kuwayama N, Kawaji K, Gotoh Y, Kishi Y. Plag1 regulates neuronal gene expression and neuronal differentiation of neocortical neural progenitor cells. Genes Cells 2020; 24:650-666. [PMID: 31442350 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs, also known as radial glial progenitors) produce neurons and then glial cells such as astrocytes during development of the mouse neocortex. Given that this sequential generation of neural cells is critical for proper brain formation, the neurogenic potential of NPCs must be precisely controlled. Here, we show that the transcription factor Plag1 plays an important role in the regulation of neurogenic potential in mouse neocortical NPCs. We found that Hmga2, a key neurogenic factor in neocortical NPCs, induces expression of the Plag1 gene. Analysis of the effects of over-expression or knockdown of Plag1 indicated that Plag1 promotes the production of neurons at the expense of astrocyte production in embryonic neocortical cultures. Furthermore, over-expression of Plag1 promoted and knockdown of Plag1 suppressed neuronal differentiation of neocortical NPCs in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis showed that Plag1 increases the expression of a set of neuronal genes in NPCs. Our results thus identify Plag1 as a regulator of neuronal gene expression and neuronal differentiation in NPCs of the developing mouse neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kuwayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Kawaji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Gotoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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PLAGL2 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and mediates colorectal cancer metastasis via β-catenin-dependent regulation of ZEB1. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:578-589. [PMID: 31827238 PMCID: PMC7028997 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously demonstrated that the pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) is involved in the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease. Enhanced PLAGL2 expression was observed in several malignant tumours. However, the exact function of PLAGL2 and its underlying mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unknown. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis of PLAGL2 was performed. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to reveal the role of PLAGL2 in the progression of CRC. Results Enhanced PLAGL2 expression was significantly associated with EMT-related proteins in CRC. The data revealed that PLAGL2 promotes CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PLAGL2 promoted the expression of ZEB1. PLAGL2 enhanced the expression and nuclear translocation of β-catenin by decreasing its phosphorylation. The depletion of β-catenin neutralised the regulation of ZEB1 that was caused by enhanced PLAGL2 expression. The small-molecule inhibitor PNU-74654, also impaired the enhancement of ZEB1 that resulted from the modified PLAGL2 expression. The depletion of ZEB1 could block the biological function of PLAGL2 in CRC cells. Conclusions Collectively, our findings suggest that PLAGL2 mediates EMT to promote colorectal cancer metastasis via β-catenin-dependent regulation of ZEB1.
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14
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Espinoza DA, Fan X, Yang D, Cordes SF, Truitt LL, Calvo KR, Yabe IM, Demirci S, Hope KJ, Hong SG, Krouse A, Metzger M, Bonifacino A, Lu R, Uchida N, Tisdale JF, Wu X, DeRavin SS, Malech HL, Donahue RE, Wu C, Dunbar CE. Aberrant Clonal Hematopoiesis following Lentiviral Vector Transduction of HSPCs in a Rhesus Macaque. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1074-1086. [PMID: 31023523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are used for delivery of genes into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in clinical trials worldwide. LVs, in contrast to retroviral vectors, are not associated with insertion site-associated malignant clonal expansions and, thus, are considered safer. Here, however, we present a case of markedly abnormal dysplastic clonal hematopoiesis affecting the erythroid, myeloid, and megakaryocytic lineages in a rhesus macaque transplanted with HSPCs that were transduced with a LV containing a strong retroviral murine stem cell virus (MSCV) constitutive promoter-enhancer in the LTR. Nine insertions were mapped in the abnormal clone, resulting in overexpression and aberrant splicing of several genes of interest, including the cytokine stem cell factor and the transcription factor PLAG1. This case represents the first clear link between lentiviral insertion-induced clonal expansion and a clinically abnormal transformed phenotype following transduction of normal primate or human HSPCs, which is concerning, and suggests that strong constitutive promoters should not be included in LVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Espinoza
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xing Fan
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Di Yang
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Stefan F Cordes
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren L Truitt
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Idalia M Yabe
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Selami Demirci
- Sickle Cell and Vascular Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristin J Hope
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - So Gun Hong
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Allen Krouse
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Metzger
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aylin Bonifacino
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Sickle Cell and Vascular Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John F Tisdale
- Sickle Cell and Vascular Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Suk See DeRavin
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harry L Malech
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert E Donahue
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chuanfeng Wu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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15
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Marques P, Korbonits M. Pseudoacromegaly. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 52:113-143. [PMID: 30448536 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with acromegaloid physical appearance or tall stature may be referred to endocrinologists to exclude growth hormone (GH) excess. While some of these subjects could be healthy individuals with normal variants of growth or physical traits, others will have acromegaly or pituitary gigantism, which are, in general, straightforward diagnoses upon assessment of the GH/IGF-1 axis. However, some patients with physical features resembling acromegaly - usually affecting the face and extremities -, or gigantism - accelerated growth/tall stature - will have no abnormalities in the GH axis. This scenario is termed pseudoacromegaly, and its correct diagnosis can be challenging due to the rarity and variability of these conditions, as well as due to significant overlap in their characteristics. In this review we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of pseudoacromegaly conditions, highlighting their similarities and differences with acromegaly and pituitary gigantism, to aid physicians with the diagnosis of patients with pseudoacromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marques
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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16
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Aguiar TS, Torrecilha RBP, Milanesi M, Utsunomiya ATH, Trigo BB, Tijjani A, Musa HH, Lopes FL, Ajmone-Marsan P, Carvalheiro R, Neves HHDR, do Carmo AS, Hanotte O, Sonstegard TS, Garcia JF, Utsunomiya YT. Association of Copy Number Variation at Intron 3 of HMGA2 With Navel Length in Bos indicus. Front Genet 2018; 9:627. [PMID: 30581455 PMCID: PMC6292862 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Navel injuries caused by friction against the pasture can promote infection, reproductive problems and costly treatments in beef cattle raised in extensive systems. A haplotype-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed for visual scores of navel length at yearling in Nellore cattle (Bos indicus) using data from 2,016 animals and 503,088 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The strongest signal (p = 1.01 × 10-9) was found on chromosome 5 spanning positions 47.9-48.2 Mbp. This region contains introns 3 and 4 and exons 4 and 5 of the high mobility group AT-hook 2 gene (HMGA2). Further inspection of the region with whole genome sequence data of 21 Nellore bulls revealed correlations between counts of the significant haplotype and copy number gains of a ∼6.2 kbp segment of intron 3 of HMGA2. Analysis of genome sequences from five African B. indicus and four European Bos taurus breeds revealed that the copy number variant (CNV) is indicine-specific. This intronic CNV was then validated through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using Angus animals as copy neutral controls. Importantly, the CNV was not detectable by means of conventional SNP-based GWAS or SNP probe intensity analyses. Given that HMGA2 affects the expression of the insulin-like growth factor 2 gene (IGF2) together with the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1), and that the latter has been repeatedly shown to be associated with quantitative traits of economic importance in cattle, these findings highlight the emerging role of variants impacting the insulin-like growth factor pathway to cattle breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamíris Sayuri Aguiar
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil.,Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, International Atomic Energy Agency, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Beatriz Pintor Torrecilha
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil.,Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, International Atomic Energy Agency, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Marco Milanesi
- Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, International Atomic Energy Agency, Araçatuba, Brazil.,Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil.,Department of Animal Science Food and Nutrition and Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Center - BioDNA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Adam Taiti Harth Utsunomiya
- Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, International Atomic Energy Agency, Araçatuba, Brazil.,Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Batista Trigo
- Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, International Atomic Energy Agency, Araçatuba, Brazil.,Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Abdulfatai Tijjani
- Cells, Organisms and Molecular Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan Hussein Musa
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Flávia Lombardi Lopes
- Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
- Department of Animal Science Food and Nutrition and Biodiversity and Ancient DNA Research Center - BioDNA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Roberto Carvalheiro
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Olivier Hanotte
- Cells, Organisms and Molecular Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,LiveGene - CTLGH, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - José Fernando Garcia
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil.,Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, International Atomic Energy Agency, Araçatuba, Brazil.,Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Yuri Tani Utsunomiya
- Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, International Atomic Energy Agency, Araçatuba, Brazil.,Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil
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17
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Panagopoulos I, Gorunova L, Brunetti M, Agostini A, Andersen HK, Lobmaier I, Bjerkehagen B, Heim S. Genetic heterogeneity in leiomyomas of deep soft tissue. Oncotarget 2018; 8:48769-48781. [PMID: 28591699 PMCID: PMC5564723 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leiomyoma of deep soft tissue is a rare type of benign smooth muscle tumor that mostly occurs in the retroperitoneum or abdominal cavity of women, and about which very little genetic information exists. In the present study, eight leiomyomas of deep soft tissue were genetically analyzed. G-banding showed that three tumors carried rearrangements of the long arm of chromosome 12, three others had 8q rearrangements, the 7th tumor had deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7, del(7)(q22), and the 8th had aberrations of chromosome bands 3q21∼23 and 11q21∼22. The target genes of the 12q and 8q aberrations were HMGA2 and PLAG1, respectively. In the leiomyomas with 12q rearrangements, both HMGA2 and PLAG1 were expressed whereas in the tumors with 8q aberrations, only PLAG1 was expressed. In the cases without 12q or 8q aberrations, the expression of HMGA2 was very low and PLAG1 was expressed only in the case with del(7)(q22). All eight leiomyomas of deep soft tissue expressed MED12 but none of them had mutation in exon 2 of that gene. In two tumors with 12q rearrangements, RPSAP52 on 12q14.3 was fused with non-coding RNA (accession number XR_944195) from 14q32.2 or ZFP36L1 from14q24.1. In a tumor with inv(12), exon 3 of HMGA2 was fused to a sequence in intron 1 of the CRADD gene from 12q22. The present data together with those of our two previous studies in which the fusions KAT6B-KANSL1 and EWSR1-PBX3 were described in two retroperitoneal leiomyomas carrying a t(10;17)(q22;q21) and a t(9;22)(q33;q12) translocation, respectively, show that leiomyomas of deep soft tissue are genetically heterogenous but have marked similarities to uterine leiomyomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludmila Gorunova
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta Brunetti
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antonio Agostini
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hege Kilen Andersen
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Lobmaier
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bodil Bjerkehagen
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Hellwege JN, Jeff JM, Wise LA, Gallagher CS, Wellons M, Hartmann KE, Jones SF, Torstenson ES, Dickinson S, Ruiz-Narváez EA, Rohland N, Allen A, Reich D, Tandon A, Pasaniuc B, Mancuso N, Im HK, Hinds DA, Palmer JR, Rosenberg L, Denny JC, Roden DM, Stewart EA, Morton CC, Kenny EE, Edwards TL, Velez Edwards DR. A multi-stage genome-wide association study of uterine fibroids in African Americans. Hum Genet 2017; 136:1363-1373. [PMID: 28836065 PMCID: PMC5628188 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Uterine fibroids are benign tumors of the uterus affecting up to 77% of women by menopause. They are the leading indication for hysterectomy, and account for $34 billion annually in the United States. Race/ethnicity and age are the strongest known risk factors. African American (AA) women have higher prevalence, earlier onset, and larger and more numerous fibroids than European American women. We conducted a multi-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) of fibroid risk among AA women followed by in silico genetically predicted gene expression profiling of top hits. In Stage 1, cases and controls were confirmed by pelvic imaging, genotyped and imputed to 1000 Genomes. Stage 2 used self-reported fibroid and GWAS data from 23andMe, Inc. and the Black Women's Health Study. Associations with fibroid risk were modeled using logistic regression adjusted for principal components, followed by meta-analysis of results. We observed a significant association among 3399 AA cases and 4764 AA controls at rs739187 (risk-allele frequency = 0.27) in CYTH4 (OR (95% confidence interval) = 1.23 (1.16-1.30), p value = 7.82 × 10-9). Evaluation of the genetic association results with MetaXcan identified lower predicted gene expression of CYTH4 in thyroid tissue as significantly associated with fibroid risk (p value = 5.86 × 10-8). In this first multi-stage GWAS for fibroids among AA women, we identified a novel risk locus for fibroids within CYTH4 that impacts gene expression in thyroid and has potential biological relevance for fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Janina M Jeff
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Melissa Wellons
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katherine E Hartmann
- Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah F Jones
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric S Torstenson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Scott Dickinson
- Section of Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nadin Rohland
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Allen
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Reich
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arti Tandon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Mancuso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hae Kyung Im
- Section of Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua C Denny
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dan M Roden
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Stewart
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cynthia C Morton
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- University of Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, England, UK
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Digna R Velez Edwards
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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19
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Abi Habib W, Brioude F, Edouard T, Bennett JT, Lienhardt-Roussie A, Tixier F, Salem J, Yuen T, Azzi S, Le Bouc Y, Harbison MD, Netchine I. Genetic disruption of the oncogenic HMGA2-PLAG1-IGF2 pathway causes fetal growth restriction. Genet Med 2017; 20:250-258. [PMID: 28796236 PMCID: PMC5846811 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fetal growth is a complex process involving maternal, placental and fetal factors. The etiology of fetal growth retardation remains unknown in many cases. The aim of this study is to identify novel human mutations and genes related to Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS), a syndromic form of fetal growth retardation, usually caused by epigenetic downregulation of the potent fetal growth factor IGF2. Methods Whole-exome sequencing was carried out on members of an SRS familial case. The candidate gene from the familial case and two other genes were screened by targeted high-throughput sequencing in a large cohort of suspected SRS patients. Functional experiments were then used to link these genes into a regulatory pathway. Results We report the first mutations of the PLAG1 gene in humans, as well as new mutations in HMGA2 and IGF2 in six sporadic and/or familial cases of SRS. We demonstrate that HMGA2 regulates IGF2 expression through PLAG1 and in a PLAG1-independent manner. Conclusion Genetic defects of the HMGA2–PLAG1–IGF2 pathway can lead to fetal and postnatal growth restriction, highlighting the role of this oncogenic pathway in the fine regulation of physiological fetal/postnatal growth. This work defines new genetic causes of SRS, important for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Abi Habib
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France.,Current affiliation: Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Edouard
- Endocrine, Bone Diseases, and Genetics Unit, Children's Hospital, University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France.,INSERM Unit 1043, Physiopathology Center of Toulouse Purpan (CTPT), Paul-Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - James T Bennett
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), University of Washington, and Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anne Lienhardt-Roussie
- Département de Pédiatrie Médicale, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Limoges, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Frédérique Tixier
- Département d'Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Debrousse, Lyon, France
| | - Jennifer Salem
- RSS/SGA Research & Education Fund, MAGIC Foundation, Oak Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Tony Yuen
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Salah Azzi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Yves Le Bouc
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Madeleine D Harbison
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Irène Netchine
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
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20
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Ren W, Gao L, Li F, Qiang C, Li S, Zheng J, Kong X, Deng J, Cai G, Zhang H, Zhou M, Zhi K. Circulating high mobility group AT-hook 2 and pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 in blood of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2017. [PMID: 28650082 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) and pleomorphic adenoma gene 1(PLAG1) have been demonstrated to be elevated in many malignant tumors. However, the aim of this study was to evaluate HMGA2 and PLAG1 levels in blood as a non-invasive biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) diagnosis. METHODS qRT-PCR was performed to measure circulating HMGA2 and PLAG1 levels in OSCC patients (n=43) and matched cancer-free blood control group (n=21). Clinical data of all patients were recorded. RESULTS Circulating HMGA2 and PLAG1 in the 43 OSCC patients was significantly higher than in control group (P<.001, P=.038, respectively). Furthermore, HMGA2 expression in OSCC patients with poor-moderate differentiation was increased compared with well-differentiated group. However, no significant differences in PLAG1 expression were detected when differentiation was considered. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for circulating HMGA2 revealed an area under the ROC curve of 0.876 (95% confidence interval, 0.793-0.959; P<.001) with 65.1% sensitivity and 100% specificity in discriminating OSCC from controls at a cutoff value of 14.380, demonstrating significant diagnostic value for OSCC. CONCLUSION Circulating HMGA2 levels are increased in OSCC patients and may potentially serve as a significant index to evaluate OSCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Ren
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Stomatological Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Stomatological Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cui Qiang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Stomatological Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaoming Li
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Stomatological Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinjuan Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangfeng Cai
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Stomatological Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Stomatological Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minzhan Zhou
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Keqian Zhi
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, Stomatological Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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21
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Mito JK, Jo VY, Chiosea SI, Dal Cin P, Krane JF. HMGA2 is a specific immunohistochemical marker for pleomorphic adenoma and carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma. Histopathology 2017; 71:511-521. [PMID: 28463429 DOI: 10.1111/his.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Accurate classification of salivary gland neoplasms may be challenging, owing to morphological overlap, particularly in small biopsies. Recurrent translocations involving the high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) gene are present in a subset of pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) and carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenomas (CA ex-PAs). The aim of this study was to evaluate immunohistochemical HMGA2 expression in 225 salivary gland tumours, including 56 PAs, 37 CA ex-PAs, and 132 potential histological mimics, to determine its diagnostic utility. METHODS AND RESULTS HMGA2 expression was identified in 19 PAs (33.9%) and nine CA ex-PAs (24.3%). Expression was strong and diffuse throughout all PAs, and in four of nine positive CA ex-PAs. In five CA ex-PAs, HMGA2 showed weak-to-strong multifocal staining within the carcinomatous component, and strong diffuse HMGA2 expression in the residual PA. Among histological mimics, six de-novo salivary duct carcinomas (28.5%), three epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas (33.3%) and one case each of myoepithelioma and basal cell adenoma expressed HMGA2. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization for HMGA2 rearrangement performed on a subset of tumours that showed diffuse HMGA2 expression in PAs and CA ex-PAs was frequently associated with rearrangement of the HMGA2 locus, whereas cases of de-novo salivary duct carcinoma, or CA ex-PA with limited or no HMGA2 expression, had an intact HMGA2 locus. CONCLUSIONS HMGA2 expression is a highly specific (96.2%), but low-sensitivity (29.8%), marker for PA and CA ex-PA when compared with histological mimics, and is frequently associated with rearrangement of the HMGA2 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey K Mito
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vickie Y Jo
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simion I Chiosea
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paola Dal Cin
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey F Krane
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Unusual pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal Gland: Immunohistochemical demonstration of PLAG1 and HMGA2 oncoproteins. Surv Ophthalmol 2017; 62:219-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Rommel B, Holzmann C, Bullerdiek J. Malignant mesenchymal tumors of the uterus - time to advocate a genetic classification. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 16:1155-1166. [PMID: 27602604 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2016.1233817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcomas are rare uterine tumors with leiomyosarcomas and endometrial stromal sarcomas constituting the predominant entities often making their first appearance in young and middle-aged women. By histology combined with immunostaining alone some of these tumors can offer diagnostic challenges e.g. for the differential diagnosis between leiomyosarcomas and smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP). Areas covered: Recent advances in the genetic classification and subclassification, respectively, have shown that genetic markers can offer a valuable adjunct to conventional diagnostic tools. Herein, we will review these recent data from the literature also referring to genetic alterations found in STUMP, endometrial stromal nodules, and leiomyomas including their variants. Expert commentary: For the future, we consider genetic classification as a necessary step in the clinical management of these tumors which will help not only to improve the diagnosis but also the therapy of these malignancies often associated with a worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Rommel
- a Center for Human Genetics , University of Bremen , Bremen , Germany
| | - Carsten Holzmann
- b Institute of Medical Genetics , University Rostock Medical Center , Rostock , Germany
| | - Jörn Bullerdiek
- b Institute of Medical Genetics , University Rostock Medical Center , Rostock , Germany
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24
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Markowski DN, Holzmann C, Bullerdiek J. Genetic alterations in uterine fibroids – a new direction for pharmacological intervention? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1485-94. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1075510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Abstract
A recent progress on stature genetics has revealed simple genetic architecture in livestock animals in contrast to that in humans. PLAG1 and/or NCAPG‐LCORL, both of which are known as a locus for adult human height, have been detected for association with body weight/height in cattle and horses, and for selective sweep in dogs and pigs. The findings indicate a significant impact of these loci on mammalian growth or body size and usefulness of the natural variants for selective breeding. However, association with an unfavorable trait, such as late puberty or risk for a neuropathic disease, was also reported for the respective loci, indicating an importance to discriminate between causality and association. Here I review the recent findings on quantitative trait loci (QTL) for stature in livestock animals, mainly focusing on the PLAG1 and NCAPG‐LCORL loci. I also describe our recent efforts to identify the causative variation for the third major locus for carcass weight in Japanese Black cattle.
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26
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Schulten HJ, Al-Mansouri Z, Baghallab I, Bagatian N, Subhi O, Karim S, Al-Aradati H, Al-Mutawa A, Johary A, Meccawy AA, Al-Ghamdi K, Al-Hamour O, Al-Qahtani MH, Al-Maghrabi J. Comparison of microarray expression profiles between follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas and follicular adenomas of the thyroid. BMC Genomics 2015; 16 Suppl 1:S7. [PMID: 25923053 PMCID: PMC4315165 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-16-s1-s7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) and follicular adenoma (FA) are histologically closely related tumors and differential diagnosis remains challenging. RNA expression profiling is an established method to unravel molecular mechanisms underlying the histopathology of diseases. Methods BRAF mutational status was established by direct sequencing the hotspot region of exon 15 in six FVPTCs and seven FAs. Whole-transcript arrays were employed to generate expression profiles in six FVPTCs, seven FAs and seven normal thyroid tissue samples. The threshold of significance for differential expression on the gene and exon level was a p-value with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 and a fold change cutoff > 2. Two dimensional average linkage hierarchical clustering was generated using differentially expressed genes. Network, pathway, and alternative splicing utilities were employed to interpret significance of expression data on the gene and exon level. Results Expression profiling in FVPTCs and FAs, all of which were negative for a BRAF mutation, revealed 55 transcripts that were significantly differentially expressed, 40 of which were upregulated and 15 downregulated in FVPTCs vs. FAs. Amongst the most significantly upregulated genes in FVPTCs were GABA B receptor, 2 (GABBR2), neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NRCAM), extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 2 (HS6ST2), and retinoid X receptor, gamma (RXRG). The most significantly downregulated genes in FVPTCs included interaction protein for cytohesin exchange factors 1 (IPCEF1), G protein-coupled receptor 155 (GPR155), Purkinje cell protein 4 (PCP4), chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 (CSGALNACT1), and glutamate receptor interacting protein 1 (GRIP1). Alternative splicing analysis detected 87 genes, 52 of which were also included in the list of 55 differentially expressed genes. Network analysis demonstrated multiple interactions for a number of differentially expressed molecules including vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor (VDR), SMAD family member 9 (SMAD9), v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KIT), and RXRG. Conclusions This is one of the first studies using whole-transcript expression arrays to compare expression profiles between FVPTCs and FAs. A set of differentially expressed genes has been identified that contains valuable candidate genes to differentiate both histopathologically related tumor types on the molecular level.
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