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Sharma M, Tisarum R, Kohli RK, Batish DR, Cha-Um S, Singh HP. Inroads into saline-alkaline stress response in plants: unravelling morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. PLANTA 2024; 259:130. [PMID: 38647733 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION This article discusses the complex network of ion transporters, genes, microRNAs, and transcription factors that regulate crop tolerance to saline-alkaline stress. The framework aids scientists produce stress-tolerant crops for smart agriculture. Salinity and alkalinity are frequently coexisting abiotic limitations that have emerged as archetypal mediators of low yield in many semi-arid and arid regions throughout the world. Saline-alkaline stress, which occurs in an environment with high concentrations of salts and a high pH, negatively impacts plant metabolism to a greater extent than either stress alone. Of late, saline stress has been the focus of the majority of investigations, and saline-alkaline mixed studies are largely lacking. Therefore, a thorough understanding and integration of how plants and crops rewire metabolic pathways to repair damage caused by saline-alkaline stress is of particular interest. This review discusses the multitude of resistance mechanisms that plants develop to cope with saline-alkaline stress, including morphological and physiological adaptations as well as molecular regulation. We examine the role of various ion transporters, transcription factors (TFs), differentially expressed genes (DEGs), microRNAs (miRNAs), or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) activated under saline-alkaline stress in achieving opportunistic modes of growth, development, and survival. The review provides a background for understanding the transport of micronutrients, specifically iron (Fe), in conditions of iron deficiency produced by high pH. Additionally, it discusses the role of calcium in enhancing stress tolerance. The review highlights that to encourage biomolecular architects to reconsider molecular responses as auxiliary for developing tolerant crops and raising crop production, it is essential to (a) close the major gaps in our understanding of saline-alkaline resistance genes, (b) identify and take into account crop-specific responses, and (c) target stress-tolerant genes to specific crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Sharma
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rujira Tisarum
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Ravinder Kumar Kohli
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
- Amity University, Mohali Campus, Sector 82A, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Daizy R Batish
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Suriyan Cha-Um
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
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Liu Z, Hu Y, Du A, Yu L, Fu X, Wu C, Lu L, Liu Y, Wang S, Huang W, Tu S, Ma X, Li H. Cell Wall Matrix Polysaccharides Contribute to Salt-Alkali Tolerance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315019. [PMID: 36499349 PMCID: PMC9735747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt-alkali stress threatens the resilience to variable environments and thus the grain yield of rice. However, how rice responds to salt-alkali stress at the molecular level is poorly understood. Here, we report isolation of a novel salt-alkali-tolerant rice (SATR) by screening more than 700 germplasm accessions. Using 93-11, a widely grown cultivar, as a control, we characterized SATR in response to strong salt-alkali stress (SSAS). SATR exhibited SSAS tolerance higher than 93-11, as indicated by a higher survival rate, associated with higher peroxidase activity and total soluble sugar content but lower malonaldehyde accumulation. A transcriptome study showed that cell wall biogenesis-related pathways were most significantly enriched in SATR relative to 93-11 upon SSAS. Furthermore, higher induction of gene expression in the cell wall matrix polysaccharide biosynthesis pathway, coupled with higher accumulations of hemicellulose and pectin as well as measurable physio-biochemical adaptive responses, may explain the strong SSAS tolerance in SATR. We mapped SSAS tolerance to five genomic regions in which 35 genes were candidates potentially governing SSAS tolerance. The 1,4-β-D-xylan synthase gene OsCSLD4 in hemicellulose biosynthesis pathway was investigated in details. The OsCSLD4 function-disrupted mutant displayed reduced SSAS tolerance, biomass and grain yield, whereas the OsCSLD4 overexpression lines exhibited increased SSAS tolerance. Collectively, this study not only reveals the potential role of cell wall matrix polysaccharides in mediating SSAS tolerance, but also highlights applicable value of OsCSLD4 and the large-scale screening system in developing SSAS-tolerant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongzhi Hu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Anping Du
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Xingyue Fu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cuili Wu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Longxiang Lu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangxuan Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Songhu Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weizao Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengbin Tu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinrong Ma
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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Li C, Song T, Zhan L, Cong C, Xu H, Dong L, Cai H. Overexpression of MsRCI2A, MsRCI2B, and MsRCI2C in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Provides Different Extents of Enhanced Alkali and Salt Tolerance Due to Functional Specialization of MsRCI2s. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:702195. [PMID: 34490005 PMCID: PMC8417119 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.702195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rare cold-inducible 2/plasma membrane protein 3 (RCI2/PMP3) genes are ubiquitous in plants and belong to a multigene family whose members respond to a variety of abiotic stresses by regulating ion homeostasis and stabilizing membranes, thus preventing damage. In this study, the expression of MsRCI2A, MsRCI2B, and MsRCI2C under high-salinity, alkali and ABA treatments was analyzed. The results showed that the expression of MsRCI2A, MsRCI2B, and MsRCI2C in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was induced by salt, alkali and ABA treatments, but there were differences between MsRCI2 gene expression under different treatments. We investigated the functional differences in the MsRCI2A, MsRCI2B, and MsRCI2C proteins in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by generating transgenic alfalfa plants that ectopically expressed these MsRCI2s under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. The MsRCI2A/B/C-overexpressing plants exhibited different degrees of improved phenotypes under high-salinity stress (200 mmol.L-1 NaCl) and weak alkali stress (100 mmol.L-1 NaHCO3, pH 8.5). Salinity stress had a more significant impact on alfalfa than alkali stress. Overexpression of MsRCI2s in alfalfa caused the same physiological response to salt stress. However, in response to alkali stress, the three proteins encoded by MsRCI2s exhibited functional differences, which were determined not only by their different expression regulation but also by the differences in their regulatory relationship with MsRCI2s or H+-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Song
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lifeng Zhan
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunlong Cong
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Citric Acid-Mediated Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137235. [PMID: 34281289 PMCID: PMC8268203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies have shown that citric acid/citrate (CA) can confer abiotic stress tolerance to plants. Exogenous CA application leads to improved growth and yield in crop plants under various abiotic stress conditions. Improved physiological outcomes are associated with higher photosynthetic rates, reduced reactive oxygen species, and better osmoregulation. Application of CA also induces antioxidant defense systems, promotes increased chlorophyll content, and affects secondary metabolism to limit plant growth restrictions under stress. In particular, CA has a major impact on relieving heavy metal stress by promoting precipitation, chelation, and sequestration of metal ions. This review summarizes the mechanisms that mediate CA-regulated changes in plants, primarily CA’s involvement in the control of physiological and molecular processes in plants under abiotic stress conditions. We also review genetic engineering strategies for CA-mediated abiotic stress tolerance. Finally, we propose a model to explain how CA’s position in complex metabolic networks involving the biosynthesis of phytohormones, amino acids, signaling molecules, and other secondary metabolites could explain some of its abiotic stress-ameliorating properties. This review summarizes our current understanding of CA-mediated abiotic stress tolerance and highlights areas where additional research is needed.
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Fang S, Hou X, Liang X. Response Mechanisms of Plants Under Saline-Alkali Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:667458. [PMID: 34149764 PMCID: PMC8213028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.667458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As two coexisting abiotic stresses, salt stress and alkali stress have severely restricted the development of global agriculture. Clarifying the plant resistance mechanism and determining how to improve plant tolerance to salt stress and alkali stress have been popular research topics. At present, most related studies have focused mainly on salt stress, and salt-alkali mixed stress studies are relatively scarce. However, in nature, high concentrations of salt and high pH often occur simultaneously, and their synergistic effects can be more harmful to plant growth and development than the effects of either stress alone. Therefore, it is of great practical importance for the sustainable development of agriculture to study plant resistance mechanisms under saline-alkali mixed stress, screen new saline-alkali stress tolerance genes, and explore new plant salt-alkali tolerance strategies. Herein, we summarized how plants actively respond to saline-alkali stress through morphological adaptation, physiological adaptation and molecular regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Fang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- *Correspondence: Shumei Fang,
| | - Xue Hou
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xilong Liang
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Plant Growth Regulator Engineering Technology Research Center, Daqing, China
- Xilong Liang,
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Li F, Shi T, Tang X, Tang M, Gong J, Yi Y. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PDR1 from root of karst adaptive plant enhances Arabidopsis thaliana resistance to alkaline stress through modulation of plasma membrane H +-ATPase activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:472-482. [PMID: 32827872 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of native microbes is a feasible way to develop microbial agents for ecological restoration. This study was aimed to explore the impact of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PDR1 from karst adaptive plant on the activity of root plasma membrane H+-ATPase in Arabidopsis thaliana. A. thaliana was cultured in presence or absence of B. amyloliquefaciens PDR1 and its effects on the growth were evaluated by measuring the taproot length and dry weight. The rhizosphere acidification capacity was detected by a pH indicator, a pH meter and non-invasive micro-test techniques (NMT). The nutrient uptake was performed using appropriate methods. A combination of transcriptome sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the expression of functional genes that regulate the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity in A. thaliana roots. Functional analysis was performed to understand how B. amyloliquefaciens regulates biological processes and metabolic pathways to strengthen A. thaliana resistance to alkaline stress. Here, we show that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from B. amyloliquefaciens PDR1 promoted the growth and development of A. thaliana, enhanced the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity, and affected ion absorption in Arabidopsis roots. Moreover, B. amyloliquefaciens PDR1 VOCs did not affect the expression of the gene coding for plasma membrane H+-ATPase, but affected the expression of genes regulating the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase. Our findings illuminate the mechanism by which B. amyloliquefaciens regulates the growth and alkaline stress resistance of A. thaliana, and lay a foundation for wide and efficient application for agricultural production and ecological protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; The Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountain Area of Southwest of China, Forestry Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550003, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Developmental Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Tianlong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiaoxin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; The Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountain Area of Southwest of China, Forestry Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; The Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountain Area of Southwest of China, Forestry Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Jiyi Gong
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; The Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountain Area of Southwest of China, Forestry Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Yin Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountain Area of Southwest of China, Forestry Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550003, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Developmental Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550003, China.
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7
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Genetic regulatory networks for salt-alkali stress in Gossypium hirsutum with differing morphological characteristics. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:15. [PMID: 31906862 PMCID: PMC6945603 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cotton grows in altering environments that are often unfavorable or stressful for its growth and development. Consequently, the plant must cope with abiotic stresses such as soil salinity, drought, and excessive temperatures. Alkali-salt stress response remains a cumbersome biological process and is regulated via a multifaceted transcriptional regulatory network in cotton. Results To discover the molecular mechanisms of alkali-salt stress response in cotton, a comprehensive transcriptome analysis was carried out after alkali-salt stress treatment in three accessions of Gossypium hirsutum with contrasting phenotype. Expression level analysis proved that alkali-salt stress response presented significant stage-specific and tissue-specific. GO enrichment analysis typically suggested that signal transduction process involved in salt-alkali stress response at SS3 and SS12 stages in leaf; carbohydrate metabolic process and oxidation-reduction process involved in SS48 stages in leaf; the oxidation-reduction process involved at all three phases in the root. The Co-expression analysis suggested a potential GhSOS3/GhCBL10-SOS2 network was involved in salt-alkali stress response. Furthermore, Salt-alkali sensitivity was increased in GhSOS3 and GhCBL10 Virus-induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) plants. Conclusion The findings may facilitate to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of alkali-salt stress response and provide an available resource to scrutinize the role of candidate genes and signaling pathway governing alkali-salt stress response.
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Du B, Zhao W, An Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Song L, Guo C. Overexpression of an alfalfa glutathione S-transferase gene improved the saline-alkali tolerance of transgenic tobacco. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.043505. [PMID: 31471294 PMCID: PMC6777358 DOI: 10.1242/bio.043505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stresses restrict the productivity and quality of agricultural crops. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) utilizes glutathione to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) that result from abiotic stresses. This study aimed to determine the expression pattern of the MsGSTU8 gene and its effects on saline-alkali tolerance. MsGSTU8, from alfalfa (Medicago sativa 'Zhaodong'), was transformed into transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and overexpressed to determine its effects on saline-alkali tolerance. The gene products in alfalfa localized to the cytoplasm and the transcript levels were higher in the leaves than the roots and stems. Expression was strongly induced by cold, drought, salt and saline-alkali stresses as well as abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. The transgenic tobacco lines had significantly higher transcription levels of the abiotic stress-related genes and higher GST activity than the wild types. Transgenic tobacco lines with saline-alkali treatments maintained their chlorophyll content, showed improved antioxidant enzyme activity and soluble sugar levels, reduced ion leakage, O2 .-, H2O2 accumulation and malondialdehyde content. Our results indicate that overexpression of MsGSTU8 could improve resistance to saline-alkali stresses by decreasing the accumulation of ROS and increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, they suggest that MsGSTU8 could be utilized for transgenic crop plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Weidi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yimin An
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yakun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lili Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Wu S, Zhu P, Jia B, Yang J, Shen Y, Cai X, Sun X, Zhu Y, Sun M. A Glycine soja group S2 bZIP transcription factor GsbZIP67 conferred bicarbonate alkaline tolerance in Medicago sativa. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:234. [PMID: 30316294 PMCID: PMC6186066 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though bicarbonate alkaline stress is a serious threat to crop growth and yields, it attracts much fewer researches than high salinity stress. The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors have been well demonstrated to function in diverse abiotic stresses; however, their biological role in alkaline tolerance still remains elusive. In this study, we functionally characterized a bZIP gene from Glycine soja GsbZIP67 in bicarbonate alkaline stress responses. RESULTS GsbZIP67 was initially identified as a putative bicarbonate responsive gene, on the basis of previous RNA-seq data of 50 mM NaHCO3-treated Glycine soja roots. GsbZIP67 protein possessed a conserved bZIP domain, and belonged to the group S2 bZIP, which is yet less well-studied. Our studies showed that GsbZIP67 targeted to nucleus in Arabidopsis protoplasts, and displayed transcriptional activation activity in yeast cells. The quantitative real-time PCR analyses unraveled the bicarbonate stress responsive expression and tissue specific expression of GsbZIP67 in wild soybean. Further phenotypic analysis illustrated that GsbZIP67 overexpression in alfalfa promoted plant growth under bicarbonate alkaline stress, as evidenced by longer roots and shoots. Furthermore, GsbZIP67 overexpression also modified the physiological indices of transgenic alfalfa under bicarbonate alkaline stress. In addition, the expression levels of several stress responsive genes were also augmented by GsbZIP67 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, in this study, we demonstrated that GsbZIP67 acted as a positive regulator of plant tolerance to bicarbonate alkaline stress. These results provide direct genetic evidence of group S2 bZIPs in bicarbonate alkaline stress, and will facilitate further studies concerning the cis-elements and/or downstream genes targeted by GsbZIP67 in stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Wu
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pinhui Zhu
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bowei Jia
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junkai Yang
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Shen
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Cai
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanming Zhu
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Sun
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 People’s Republic of China
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319 People’s Republic of China
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10
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Cao L, Yu Y, Ding X, Zhu D, Yang F, Liu B, Sun X, Duan X, Yin K, Zhu Y. The Glycine soja NAC transcription factor GsNAC019 mediates the regulation of plant alkaline tolerance and ABA sensitivity. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 95:253-268. [PMID: 28884328 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of Gshdz4 or GsNAC019 enhanced alkaline tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. We proved that Gshdz4 up-regulated both GsNAC019 and GsRD29B but GsNAC019 may repress the GsRD29B expression under alkaline stress. Wild soybean (Glycine soja) has a high tolerance to environmental challenges. It is a model species for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of salt-alkaline stresses. Although many NAC transcription factors play important roles in response to multiple abiotic stresses, such as salt, osmotic and cold, their mode of action in alkaline stress resistance is largely unknown. In our study, we identified a G. soja NAC gene, GsNAC019, which is a homolog of the Arabidopsis AtNAC019 gene. GsNAC019 was highly up-regulated by 50 mM NaHCO3 treatment in the roots of wild soybean. Further investigation showed that a well-characterized transcription factor, Gshdz4 protein, bound the cis-acting element sequences (CAATA/TA), which are located in the promoter of the AtNAC019/GsNAC019 genes. Overexpression of Gshdz4 positively regulated AtNAC019 expression in transgenic Arabidopsis, implying that AtNAC019/GsNAC019 may be the target genes of Gshdz4. GsNAC019 was demonstrated to be a nuclear-localized protein in onion epidermal cells and possessed transactivation activity in yeast cells. Moreover, overexpression of GsNAC019 in Arabidopsis resulted in enhanced tolerance to alkaline stress at the seedling and mature stages, but reduced ABA sensitivity. The closest Arabidopsis homolog mutant plants of Gshdz4, GsNAC019 and GsRD29B containing athb40, atnac019 and atrd29b were sensitive to alkaline stress. Overexpression or the closest Arabidopsis homolog mutant plants of the GsNAC019 gene in Arabidopsis positively or negatively regulated the expression of stress-related genes, such as AHA2, RD29A/B and KIN1. Moreover, this mutation could phenotypically promoted or compromised plant growth under alkaline stress, implying that GsNAC019 may contribute to alkaline stress tolerance via the ABA signal transduction pathway and regulate expression of the downstream stress-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhu
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Beidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 413 90, Sweden
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuide Yin
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Song T, Xu H, Sun N, Jiang L, Tian P, Yong Y, Yang W, Cai H, Cui G. Metabolomic Analysis of Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Root-Symbiotic Rhizobia Responses under Alkali Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1208. [PMID: 28744296 PMCID: PMC5504246 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline salts (e.g., NaHCO3 and Na2CO3) causes more severe morphological and physiological damage to plants than neutral salts (e.g., NaCl and Na2SO4) due to differences in pH. The mechanism by which plants respond to alkali stress is not fully understood, especially in plants having symbotic relationships such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Therefore, a study was designed to evaluate the metabolic response of the root-nodule symbiosis in alfalfa under alkali stress using comparative metabolomics. Rhizobium-nodulized (RI group) and non-nodulized (NI group) alfalfa roots were treated with 200 mmol/L NaHCO3 and, roots samples were analyzed for malondialdehydyde (MDA), proline, glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) content. Additionally, metabolite profiling was conducted using gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS). Phenotypically, the RI alfalfa exhibited a greater resistance to alkali stress than the NI plants examined. Physiological analysis and metabolic profiling revealed that RI plants accumulated more antioxidants (SOD, POD, GSH), osmolytes (sugar, glycols, proline), organic acids (succinic acid, fumaric acid, and alpha-ketoglutaric acid), and metabolites that are involved in nitrogen fixation. Our pairwise metabolomics comparisons revealed that RI alfalfa plants exhibited a distinct metabolic profile associated with alkali putative tolerance relative to NI alfalfa plants. Data provide new information about the relationship between non-nodulized, rhizobium-nodulized alfalfa and alkali resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Song
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Na Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Liu Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Pu Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Yueyuan Yong
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Hua Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Cai
| | - Guowen Cui
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
- Guowen Cui
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12
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Cao L, Yu Y, DuanMu H, Chen C, Duan X, Zhu P, Chen R, Li Q, Zhu Y, Ding X. A novel Glycine soja homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) I gene, Gshdz4, positively regulates bicarbonate tolerance and responds to osmotic stress in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:184. [PMID: 27553065 PMCID: PMC4995822 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wild soybean (Glycine soja) is a highly adaptive plant species which can grow well in saline-alkaline soils. In soybean genome, there exist about 140 HD-Zip (Homeodomain-leucine Zipper) genes. HD-Zip transcription factor family is one of the largest plant specific superfamilies and plays important roles in response to abiotic stresses. Although HD-Zip transcription factors have been broadly reported to be involved in plant resistance to abiotic stresses like salt and drought, their roles in response to bicarbonate stress is largely unknown. RESULTS From our previous transcriptome profile analysis of wild soybean treated by 50 mM NaHCO3, we identified an HD-Zip gene (Gshdz4) which showed high response to the alkaline stress. Our result of qRT-PCR showed that the expression of Gshdz4 was induced by alkaline stress (NaHCO3) in both leaves and roots of wild soybean. Overexpression of Gshdz4 in Arabidopsis resulted in enhanced tolerance to NaHCO3 and KHCO3 during the process of plant growth and development. However, the growths of transgenic and WT plants were not significantly different on the medium with high pH adjusted by KOH, implicating Gshdz4 is only responsible for resisting HCO3 (-) but not high pH. The transgenic plants had less MDA contents but higher POD activities and chlorophyll contents than the WT plants. Moreover, the transcript levels of stress-related genes, such as NADP-ME, H (+) -Ppase, RD29B and KIN1 were increased with greater extent in the transgenic plants than the wild plants. On the contrary, Gshdz4 overexpression lines were much sensitive to osmotic stress at seed germination and stocking stages compared to the wild plants. CONCLUSIONS We revealed that the important and special roles of Gshdz4 in enhancing bicarbonate tolerance and responding to osmotic stress. It is the first time to elucidate these novel functions of HD-ZIP transcription factors. All the evidences broaden our understanding of functions of HD-Zip family and provide clues for uncovering the mechanisms of high tolerance of wild soybean to saline-alkaline stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Huizi DuanMu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Xiangbo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Pinghui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Ranran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Yanming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Xiaodong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
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13
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Le DT, Chu HD, Le NQ. Improving Nutritional Quality of Plant Proteins Through Genetic Engineering. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:220-9. [PMID: 27252589 PMCID: PMC4869009 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160202215934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans and animals are unable to synthesize essential amino acids such as branch chain amino acids methionine (Met), lysine (Lys) and tryptophan (Trp). Therefore, these amino acids need to be supplied through the diets. Several essential amino acids are deficient or completely lacking among crops used for human food and animal feed. For example, soybean is deficient in Met; Lys and Trp are lacking in maize. In this mini review, we will first summarize the roles of essential amino acids in animal nutrition. Next, we will address the question: “What are the amino acids deficient in various plants and their biosynthesis pathways?” And: “What approaches are being used to improve the availability of essential amino acids in plants?” The potential targets for metabolic engineering will also be discussed, including what has already been done and what remains to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Tien Le
- National Key Laboratory of Plant and Cell Technology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricul-tural Science, Pham Van Dong Str., Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Duc Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant and Cell Technology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricul-tural Science, Pham Van Dong Str., Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Quynh Le
- National Key Laboratory of Plant and Cell Technology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricul-tural Science, Pham Van Dong Str., Hanoi, Vietnam
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14
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Sun M, Jia B, Cui N, Wen Y, Duanmu H, Yu Q, Xiao J, Sun X, Zhu Y. Functional characterization of a Glycine soja Ca(2+)ATPase in salt-alkaline stress responses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 90:419-434. [PMID: 26801329 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that Ca(2+)ATPase family proteins play important roles in plant environmental stress responses. However, up to now, most researches are limited in the reference plants Arabidopsis and rice. The function of Ca(2+)ATPases from non-reference plants was rarely reported, especially its regulatory role in carbonate alkaline stress responses. Hence, in this study, we identified the P-type II Ca(2+)ATPase family genes in soybean genome, determined their chromosomal location and gene architecture, and analyzed their amino acid sequence and evolutionary relationship. Based on above results, we pointed out the existence of gene duplication for soybean Ca(2+)ATPases. Then, we investigated the expression profiles of the ACA subfamily genes in wild soybean (Glycine soja) under carbonate alkaline stress, and functionally characterized one representative gene GsACA1 by using transgenic alfalfa. Our results suggested that GsACA1 overexpression in alfalfa obviously increased plant tolerance to both carbonate alkaline and neutral salt stresses, as evidenced by lower levels of membrane permeability and MDA content, but higher levels of SOD activity, proline concentration and chlorophyll content under stress conditions. Taken together, for the first time, we reported a P-type II Ca(2+)ATPase from wild soybean, GsACA1, which could positively regulate plant tolerance to both carbonate alkaline and neutral salt stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizi Duanmu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Crop Stress Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Jia B, Sun M, Sun X, Li R, Wang Z, Wu J, Wei Z, DuanMu H, Xiao J, Zhu Y. Overexpression of GsGSTU13 and SCMRP in Medicago sativa confers increased salt-alkaline tolerance and methionine content. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 156:176-189. [PMID: 26010993 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tau-class glutathione S-transferases (GSTUs) are ubiquitous proteins encoded by a large gene family in plants, which play important roles in combating different environmental stresses. In previous studies, we constructed a Glycine soja transcriptional profile, and identified three GSTUs (GsGSTU13, GsGSTU14 and GsGSTU19) as potential salt-alkaline stress-responsive genes. Two of them, GsGSTU14 and GsGSTU19, have been shown to positively regulate plant salt-alkaline tolerance. In this study, we further demonstrated the positive function of GsGSTU13 in plant salt-alkaline stress responses by overexpressing it in Medicago sativa. Stress tolerance tests suggested that GsGSTU13 transgenic lines showed better growth and physiological indicators than wild alfalfa (cv. Zhaodong) under alkaline stress. Considering the shortage of methionine in alfalfa, we then co-transformed GsGSTU13 into two main alfalfa cultivars in Heilongjiang Province (cv. Zhaodong and cv. Nongjing No. 1) together with SCMRP, a synthesized gene that could improve the methionine content. We found that GsGSTU13/SCMRP transgenic alfalfa displayed not only higher methionine content but also higher tolerance to alkaline and salt stresses, respectively. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GsGSTU13 acts as a positive regulator in plant responses to salt and alkaline stresses, and can be used as a good candidate for generation of salt-alkaline tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Agricultural College, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Rongtian Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Zhengwei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Huizi DuanMu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jialei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
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16
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Zhu D, Li R, Liu X, Sun M, Wu J, Zhang N, Zhu Y. The positive regulatory roles of the TIFY10 proteins in plant responses to alkaline stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111984. [PMID: 25375909 PMCID: PMC4222965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The TIFY family is a novel plant-specific protein family, and is characterized by a conserved TIFY motif (TIFF/YXG). Our previous studies indicated the potential roles of TIFY10/11 proteins in plant responses to alkaline stress. In the current study, we focused on the regulatory roles and possible physiological and molecular basis of the TIFY10 proteins in plant responses to alkaline stress. We demonstrated the positive function of TIFY10s in alkaline responses by using the AtTIFY10a and AtTIFY10b knockout Arabidopsis, as evidenced by the relatively lower germination rates of attify10a and attify10b mutant seeds under alkaline stress. We also revealed that ectopic expression of GsTIFY10a in Medicago sativa promoted plant growth, and increased the NADP-ME activity, citric acid content and free proline content but decreased the MDA content of transgenic plants under alkaline stress. Furthermore, expression levels of the stress responsive genes including NADP-ME, CS, H+-ppase and P5CS were also up-regulated in GsTIFY10a transgenic plants under alkaline stress. Interestingly, GsTIFY10a overexpression increased the jasmonate content of the transgenic alfalfa. In addition, we showed that neither GsTIFY10a nor GsTIFY10e exhibited transcriptional activity in yeast cells. However, through Y2H and BiFc assays, we demonstrated that GsTIFY10a, not GsTIFY10e, could form homodimers in yeast cells and in living plant cells. As expected, we also demonstrated that GsTIFY10a and GsTIFY10e could heterodimerize with each other in both yeast and plant cells. Taken together, our results provided direct evidence supporting the positive regulatory roles of the TIFY10 proteins in plant responses to alkaline stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Rongtian Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhe Sun
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Zhu
- Plant Bioengineering Laboratory, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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