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Bruhn PJ, Jessen ML, Eiberg J, Ghulam Q. Hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms in vivo: A narrative review. JVS Vasc Sci 2023; 5:100189. [PMID: 38379781 PMCID: PMC10877407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2023.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are relatively common, primarily among older men, and, in the case of rupture, are associated with high mortality. Although procedure-related morbidity and mortality have improved with the advent of endovascular repair, noninvasive treatment and improved assessment of AAA rupture risk should still be sought. Several cellular pathways seem contributory to the histopathologic changes that drive AAA growth and rupture. Hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) is an oxygen-sensitive protein that accumulates in the cytoplasm under hypoxic conditions and regulates a wide array of downstream effectors to hypoxia. Examining the potential role of HIF-1α in the pathogenesis of AAAs is alluring, because local hypoxia is known to be present in the AAA vessel wall. A systematic scoping review was performed to review the current evidence regarding the role of HIF-1α in AAA disease in vivo. After screening, 17 studies were included in the analysis. Experimental animal studies and human studies show increased HIF-1α activity in AAA tissue compared with healthy aorta and a correlation of HIF-1α activity with key histopathologic features of AAA disease. In vivo HIF-1α inhibition in animals protects against AAA development and growth. One study reveals a positive correlation between HIF-1α-activating genetic polymorphisms and the risk of AAA disease in humans. The main findings suggest a causal role of HIF-1α in the pathogenesis of AAAs in vivo. Further research into the HIF-1α pathway in AAA disease might reveal clinically applicable pharmacologic targets or biomarkers relevant in the treatment and monitoring of AAA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonas Eiberg
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Academy of Medical Education and Simulation, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qasam Ghulam
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Kimura S, Sato H, Shimajiri S, Umehara T, Noguchi H, Niino D, Nakayama T. Association of troponin I and macrophages in cardiac tamponade with Stanford type A aortic dissection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20791. [PMID: 37860537 PMCID: PMC10582508 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute aortic dissection has a high mortality rate, especially for Stanford type A with a dissected ascending aorta. Cardiac tamponade is one of the most common complications of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) and can cause death. However, the pathogenesis is often unclear. We aimed to examine laboratory findings at the onset of disease and macrophage involvement. Methods Hematological and biochemical parameters, and D-dimer, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and high-sensitivity troponin I (hs-cTnI) levels in 70 patients with ATAAD at our hospital were investigated. Additionally, the myocardium and aorta after autopsy of an ATAAD case with cardiac tamponade were pathologically examined. Results Forty-four ATAAD cases were complicated by cardiac tamponade. The mean age of patients with cardiac tamponade and proportion of patients over 70 years of age were both significantly higher than for those without cardiac tamponade. Evaluable D-dimer values were higher than 0.5 μg/mL in all patients. Significantly elevated laboratory parameters in patients with cardiac tamponade included: lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, lactate, BNP, and hs-cTnI. However, multivariate analysis showed only hs-cTnI was significantly associated with cardiac tamponade. Histological examination revealed numerous M2-like macrophages infiltrating the myocardium and dissecting aorta, expressing CC chemokine ligand (CCL)2 together with vascular endothelial growth factor-C and matrix metalloproteinase-9. The peripheral monocyte-to-neutrophil ratio (MNR) was also significantly higher in cardiac tamponade. Conclusions In ATAAD patients with cardiac tamponade, hs-cTnI was significantly elevated and CCL2 expression was observed, which may be involved in the expression of M2-like macrophages via an increased MNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kimura
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kitakyushu City Yahata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shohei Shimajiri
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Umehara
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Noguchi
- Department of Pathology, Field of Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Daisuke Niino
- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakayama
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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3
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Atkinson G, Bianco R, Di Gregoli K, Johnson JL. The contribution of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors to the development, progression, and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1248561. [PMID: 37799778 PMCID: PMC10549934 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1248561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) account for up to 8% of deaths in men aged 65 years and over and 2.2% of women. Patients with AAAs often have atherosclerosis, and intimal atherosclerosis is generally present in AAAs. Accordingly, AAAs are considered a form of atherosclerosis and are frequently referred to as atherosclerotic aneurysms. Pathological observations advocate inflammatory cell infiltration alongside adverse extracellular matrix degradation as key contributing factors to the formation of human atherosclerotic AAAs. Therefore, macrophage production of proteolytic enzymes is deemed responsible for the damaging loss of ECM proteins, especially elastin and fibrillar collagens, which characterise AAA progression and rupture. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their regulation by tissue inhibitors metalloproteinases (TIMPs) can orchestrate not only ECM remodelling, but also moderate the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of resident aortic cells, alongside the recruitment and subsequent behaviour of inflammatory cells. Accordingly, MMPs are thought to play a central regulatory role in the development, progression, and eventual rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Together, clinical and animal studies have shed light on the complex and often diverse effects MMPs and TIMPs impart during the development of AAAs. This dichotomy is underlined from evidence utilising broad-spectrum MMP inhibition in animal models and clinical trials which have failed to provide consistent protection from AAA progression, although more encouraging results have been observed through deployment of selective inhibitors. This review provides a summary of the supporting evidence connecting the contribution of individual MMPs to AAA development, progression, and eventual rupture. Topics discussed include structural, functional, and cell-specific diversity of MMP members; evidence from animal models of AAA and comparisons with findings in humans; the dual role of MMPs and the requirement to selectively target individual MMPs; and the advances in identifying aberrant MMP activity. As evidenced, our developing understanding of the multifaceted roles individual MMPs perform during the progression and rupture of AAAs, should motivate clinical trials assessing the therapeutic potential of selective MMP inhibitors, which could restrict AAA-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jason L. Johnson
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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4
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Endo Y, Sano M, Kayama T, Inuzuka K, Saito T, Katahashi K, Yamanaka Y, Tsuyuki H, Ishikawa N, Naruse E, Takeuchi H, Unno N. The Usefulness of a Three-Microneedle Device for Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Lymphography. Lymphat Res Biol 2023; 21:396-402. [PMID: 36802287 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2022.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence lymphography is widely used to diagnose lymphedema. There is little consensus on the appropriate injection method for ICG fluorescence lymphangiography. We used a three-microneedle device (TMD) for skin injection of ICG solution and investigated its usefulness. Methods and Results: Thirty healthy volunteers were injected with ICG solution using a 27-gauge (27G) needle in one foot and a TMD in the other foot. Injection-related pain was evaluated using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and Face Rating Scale (FRS). The skin depth of the injected ICG solution was evaluated by injecting the solution into the skin of amputated lower limbs using a 27G needle or TMD using ICG fluorescence microscopy. The median and interquartile range of the NRS scores was 3 (3-4) and 2 (2-4) in the 27G needle and TMD groups, respectively; that of the FRS scores was 2 (2-3) and 2 (1-2) in the 27G needle and TMD groups, respectively. Injection-related pain was significantly lower with the TMD than with the 27G needle. The lymphatic vessels were similarly visible using both needles. The depth of the ICG solution varied for each injection with a 27G needle (400-1200 μm) and was consistent at ∼300-700 μm below the skin surface using the TMD. Injection depth was significantly different between the 27G needle and the TMD. Conclusions: Injection-related pain decreased using the TMD, and ICG solution depth was consistent on fluorescence lymphography. A TMD may be useful for ICG fluorescence lymphography. Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR; ID: UMIN000033425).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Endo
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masaki Sano
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kayama
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazunori Inuzuka
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takaaki Saito
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuto Katahashi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamanaka
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsuyuki
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Nozomu Ishikawa
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ena Naruse
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoki Unno
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
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5
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Zalewski D, Chmiel P, Kołodziej P, Borowski G, Feldo M, Kocki J, Bogucka-Kocka A. Dysregulations of Key Regulators of Angiogenesis and Inflammation in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12087. [PMID: 37569462 PMCID: PMC10418409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic vascular disease caused by localized weakening and broadening of the abdominal aorta. AAA is a clearly underdiagnosed disease and is burdened with a high mortality rate (65-85%) from AAA rupture. Studies indicate that abnormal regulation of angiogenesis and inflammation contributes to progression and onset of this disease; however, dysregulations in the molecular pathways associated with this disease are not yet fully explained. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to identify dysregulations in the key regulators of angiogenesis and inflammation in patients with AAA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (using qPCR) and plasma samples (using ELISA). Expression levels of ANGPT1, CXCL8, PDGFA, TGFB1, VEGFB, and VEGFC and plasma levels of TGF-alpha, TGF-beta 1, VEGF-A, and VEGF-C were found to be significantly altered in the AAA group compared to the control subjects without AAA. Associations between analyzed factors and risk factors or biochemical parameters were also explored. Any of the analyzed factors was associated with the size of the aneurysm. The presented study identified dysregulations in key angiogenesis- and inflammation-related factors potentially involved in AAA formation, giving new insight into the molecular pathways involved in the development of this disease and providing candidates for biomarkers that could serve as diagnostic or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zalewski
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.C.); (P.K.); (A.B.-K.)
| | - Paulina Chmiel
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.C.); (P.K.); (A.B.-K.)
| | - Przemysław Kołodziej
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.C.); (P.K.); (A.B.-K.)
| | - Grzegorz Borowski
- Chair and Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (G.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Marcin Feldo
- Chair and Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (G.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Chair of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.C.); (P.K.); (A.B.-K.)
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6
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The Impact of Stem/Progenitor Cells on Lymphangiogenesis in Vascular Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244056. [PMID: 36552820 PMCID: PMC9776475 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels, as the main tube network of fluid drainage and leukocyte transfer, are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis and pathological repairment. Recently, by using genetic lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing techniques, significant cognitive progress has been made about the impact of stem/progenitor cells during lymphangiogenesis. In the embryonic stage, the lymphatic network is primarily formed through self-proliferation and polarized-sprouting from the lymph sacs. However, the assembly of lymphatic stem/progenitor cells also guarantees the sustained growth of lymphvasculogenesis to obtain the entire function. In addition, there are abundant sources of stem/progenitor cells in postnatal tissues, including circulating progenitors, mesenchymal stem cells, and adipose tissue stem cells, which can directly differentiate into lymphatic endothelial cells and participate in lymphangiogenesis. Specifically, recent reports indicated a novel function of lymphangiogenesis in transplant arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. In the present review, we summarized the latest evidence about the diversity and incorporation of stem/progenitor cells in lymphatic vasculature during both the embryonic and postnatal stages, with emphasis on the impact of lymphangiogenesis in the development of vascular diseases to provide a rational guidance for future research.
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7
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Huuska N, Netti E, Lehti S, Kovanen PT, Niemelä M, Tulamo R. Lymphatic vessels are present in human saccular intracranial aneurysms. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:130. [PMID: 36064651 PMCID: PMC9446758 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccular intracranial aneurysm (sIA) rupture leads to subarachnoid haemorrhage and is preceded by chronic inflammation and atherosclerotic changes of the sIA wall. Increased lymphangiogenesis has been detected in atherosclerotic extracranial arteries and in abdominal aortic aneurysms, but the presence of lymphatic vessels in sIAs has remained unexplored. Here we studied the presence of lymphatic vessels in 36 intraoperatively resected sIAs (16 unruptured and 20 ruptured), using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence stainings for lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) markers. Of these LEC-markers, both extracellular and intracellular LYVE-1-, podoplanin-, VEGFR-3-, and Prox1-positive stainings were detected in 83%, 94%, 100%, and 72% of the 36 sIA walls, respectively. Lymphatic vessels were identified as ring-shaped structures positive for one or more of the LEC markers. Of the sIAs, 78% contained lymphatic vessels positive for at least one LEC marker. The presence of LECs and lymphatic vessels were associated with the number of CD68+ and CD163+ cells in the sIA walls, and with the expression of inflammation indicators such as serum amyloid A, myeloperoxidase, and cyclo-oxygenase 2, with the presence of a thrombus, and with the sIA wall rupture. Large areas of VEGFR-3 and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) double-positive cells were detected in medial parts of the sIA walls. Also, a few podoplanin and αSMA double-positive cells were discovered. In addition, LYVE-1 and CD68 double-positive cells were detected in the sIA walls and in the thrombus revealing that certain CD68+ macrophages are capable of expressing LEC markers. This study demonstrates for the first time the presence of lymphatic vessels in human sIA walls. Further studies are needed to understand the role of lymphatic vessels in the pathogenesis of sIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Huuska
- Neurosurgery Research Group, Room B410b, Biomedicum 1, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eliisa Netti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Topeliuksenkatu 5, 00260, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Lehti
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, 40700, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Petri T Kovanen
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Haartmaninkatu 8, Biomedicum 1, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Niemelä
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Topeliuksenkatu 5, 00260, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Tulamo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Liu J, Yu C. Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Barrier Dysfunction in Renal Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136970. [PMID: 35805972 PMCID: PMC9267103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As an integral part of the vascular system, the lymphatic vasculature is essential for tissue fluid homeostasis, nutritional lipid assimilation and immune regulation. The composition of the lymphatic vasculature includes fluid-absorbing initial lymphatic vessels (LVs), transporting collecting vessels and anti-regurgitation valves. Although, in recent decades, research has drastically enlightened our view of LVs, investigations of initial LVs, also known as lymphatic capillaries, have been stagnant due to technical limitations. In the kidney, the lymphatic vasculature mainly presents in the cortex, keeping the local balance of fluid, solutes and immune cells. The contribution of renal LVs to various forms of pathology, especially chronic kidney diseases, has been addressed in previous studies, however with diverging and inconclusive results. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances in the proliferation and permeability of lymphatic capillaries as well as their influencing factors. Novel technologies to visualize and measure LVs function are described. Then, we highlight the role of the lymphatic network in renal fibrosis and the crosstalk between kidney and other organs, such as gut and heart.
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9
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Liu F, Wei R, Yin J, Shen M, Wu Y, Guo W, Sun D. Host-guest interactions of indocyanine green with β-cyclodextrin permit real-time characterization of the rat lymphatic system. JVS Vasc Sci 2022; 3:211-218. [PMID: 35574516 PMCID: PMC9092501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Fluorescence contrast technology using indocyanine green (ICG) could be useful for the rapid, dynamic, and objective assessment of blood vessels and the surrounding tissues when combined with near-infrared (NIR) imaging. Although ICG is a clinically available NIR fluorescence imaging probe, it can easily aggregate and is, thus, unstable. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of a host–guest ICG–β-cyclodextrin (CD) complex, which is used in pharmaceutics to improve the water solubility, stability, and bioavailability of hydrophobic molecules, for NIR imaging after hind footpad administration in a rat model. Methods To verify the performance of the ICG-β-CD complex with the host–guest self-assembly method in vivo, we performed simultaneous small animal (IVIS Spectrum system; PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA) and clinical (DIGI-MIH-001 near-infrared fluorescence imaging system; Beijing Digital Precision Medical Technology Co, Ltd, Beijing, China) imaging and evaluated the fluorescent properties of the ICG-β-CD complex in the hind footpad model of Sprague-Dawley male rats. Results We successfully prepared the ICG-β-CD complex. Compared with ICG, in vivo experiments showed that this complex had reduced absorbance at 710 nm and increased absorbance at 780 nm, indicating that it could prevent the dimeric aggregation of ICG, and a significantly higher fluorescence intensity at 730 nm excitation. After injection of 1.25 mg/mL of ICG or ICG-β-CD complex solutions into the rat hind footpad, fluorescent NIR lymphatic images were observed with both imaging systems. During the 12-hour observation period, the signal background ratio of ICG-β-CD showed a greater acute increase and a higher signal background ratio compared with ICG. The signal background ratio of ICG-β-CD was 125 to 100 from 260 to 540 minutes. These in vivo data suggest that ICG-β-CD has greater diffusion from the injection site and faster transport to the lymphatic system compared with ICG. Conclusions ICG-β-CD showed faster lymphatic transport than ICG, allowing for more rapid lymphatic NIR imaging. Thus, the ICG-β-CD complex might be a promising fluorescent agent for clinical lymphatic NIR imaging. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue fluid homeostasis by draining protein-rich fluid from the perivascular interstitial spaces back into the circulation. The lymphatic system also plays a variety of roles in the progression of some peripheral vascular diseases, including venous leg ulcers, atherosclerotic vascular disease, and severe foot infection. Understanding the dynamic changes of the lymphatic fluid is indispensable for a variety of clinical situations and research areas. We investigated the potential feasibility of the indocyanine green–β-cyclodextrin complex in clinical applications using clinically available near-infrared fluorescence imaging equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ren Wei
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhan Yin
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanbin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Di Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Di Sun, PhD, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
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10
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Sano M, Sasaki T, Baba S, Inuzuka K, Katahashi K, Kayama T, Yamanaka Y, Tsuyuki H, Endo Y, Sato K, Takeuchi H, Unno N. Differences in Vasa Vasorum Distribution in Human Aortic Aneurysms and Atheromas. Angiology 2022; 73:546-556. [DOI: 10.1177/00033197211063655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiological difference between aortic atheromas and aneurysms is unknown. We focused on the vasa vasorum (VV), which play a critical role in maintaining aortic homeostasis and are also involved in vascular diseases. We investigated the differences in VV between the atheromas and aneurysms. Human abdominal aortic samples were obtained from patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm during surgery or autopsy cases. Autopsy cases were divided into 2 groups according to atheromas. The VV were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining for von Willebrand factor. Intimal VV increased in both the atheroma and aneurysm groups, medial VV increased, and adventitial VV decreased only in the aneurysm group. We also observed that the medial VV were connected to the adventitial VV in the atheroma group and to intimal VV in the aneurysm group. We suggest the outside-in VV or inside-out VV theories. Atheroma induces hypoxia of aortic walls, and angiogenic factors might induce an increase of intimal VV derived from adventitial VV (outside-in VV). However, adventitial VV decrease induces hypoxia of aortic walls, and angiogenic factors might induce an increase of intimal VV derived from aortic lumen (inside-out VV). These differences of VV may contribute in elucidating the pathophysiology of aortic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Sano
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Baba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kazunori Inuzuka
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kazuto Katahashi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kayama
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamanaka
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsuyuki
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kohji Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Naoki Unno
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu 432-8580, Japan
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11
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Chen S, Luo K, Bian S, Chen J, Qiu R, Wu X, Li G. Paeonol Ameliorates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression by the NF-κB Pathway. Ann Vasc Surg 2021; 77:255-262. [PMID: 34411666 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by localized progressive dilatation. Currently, paeonol has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and protective cardiovascular properties. Our study aimed to investigate the potential influences of paeonol on AAA progression. METHODS Experimental AAAs were created in C57BL/6J mice by intra-aortic infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase, and then intragastrically administered paeonol (20 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. The effects of paeonol on experimental AAA were measured by ultrasound imaging, histopathology, and western blot analyses. RESULTS Paeonol treatment limited the enlargement of the aneurysmal diameter and alleviated the depletion of elastic fibers and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Furthermore, the infiltration of CD68+ macrophages and CD8+ lymphocytes was obviously attenuated after paeonol administration, along with mural neoangiogenesis. Western blot results showed that paeonol inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and the NF-κB pathway activation. CONCLUSIONS Paeonol might prevent experimental AAA progression by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, which suggests that it is a potential drug for AAA.
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MESH Headings
- Acetophenones/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/immunology
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/immunology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiao Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Luo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Bian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Renfeng Qiu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Shouguang People Hospital, Shouguang, Shandong, China
| | - Xuejun Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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12
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Jakovija A, Chtanova T. Neutrophil Interactions with the Lymphatic System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082106. [PMID: 34440875 PMCID: PMC8393351 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system is a complex network of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes designed to balance fluid homeostasis and facilitate host immune defence. Neutrophils are rapidly recruited to sites of inflammation to provide the first line of protection against microbial infections. The traditional view of neutrophils as short-lived cells, whose role is restricted to providing sterilizing immunity at sites of infection, is rapidly evolving to include additional functions at the interface between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Neutrophils travel via the lymphatics from the site of inflammation to transport antigens to lymph nodes. They can also enter lymph nodes from the blood by crossing high endothelial venules. Neutrophil functions in draining lymph nodes include pathogen control and modulation of adaptive immunity. Another facet of neutrophil interactions with the lymphatic system is their ability to promote lymphangiogenesis in draining lymph nodes and inflamed tissues. In this review, we discuss the significance of neutrophil migration to secondary lymphoid organs and within the lymphatic vasculature and highlight emerging evidence of the neutrophils’ role in lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnolda Jakovija
- Innate and Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Immunity Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia;
- St Vincent’s School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tatyana Chtanova
- Innate and Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Immunity Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia;
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence:
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13
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Endoglin/CD105-Based Imaging of Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094804. [PMID: 33946583 PMCID: PMC8124553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging of pathologic lesions can improve efficient detection of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. A shared pathophysiological feature is angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels. Endoglin (CD105) is a coreceptor for ligands of the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) family and is highly expressed on angiogenic endothelial cells. Therefore, endoglin-based imaging has been explored to visualize lesions of the aforementioned diseases. This systematic review highlights the progress in endoglin-based imaging of cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and aortic aneurysm, focusing on positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, and ultrasound imaging. PubMed was searched combining the following subjects and their respective synonyms or relevant subterms: “Endoglin”, “Imaging/Image-guided surgery”. In total, 59 papers were found eligible to be included: 58 reporting about preclinical animal or in vitro models and one ex vivo study in human organs. In addition to exact data extraction of imaging modality type, tumor or cardiovascular disease model, and tracer (class), outcomes were described via a narrative synthesis. Collectively, the data identify endoglin as a suitable target for intraoperative and diagnostic imaging of the neovasculature in tumors, whereas for cardiovascular diseases, the evidence remains scarce but promising.
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14
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Chemerin-9 Attenuates Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in ApoE -/- Mice. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:6629204. [PMID: 33953746 PMCID: PMC8068550 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6629204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a progressive segmental abdominal aortic dilation. Chemerin, a multifunctional adipocytokine, is mainly generated in the liver and adipose tissue. The combination of chemerin and chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) has been demonstrated to promote the progression of atherosclerosis, arthritis diseases, and Crohn's disease. However, chemerin-9 acts as an analog of chemerin to exert an anti-inflammatory effect by binding to CMKLR1. Here, we first demonstrated that AAA exhibited higher levels of chemerin and CMKLR1 expression compared with the normal aortic tissues. Hence, we hypothesized that the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis might be involved in AAA progression. Moreover, we found that chemerin-9 treatment markedly suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration, neovascularization, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, while increasing the elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in Ang II-induced AAA in ApoE-/- mice. This demonstrated that chemerin-9 could inhibit AAA formation. Collectively, our findings indicate a potential mechanism underlying AAA progression and suggest that chemerin-9 can be used therapeutically.
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15
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Bell M, Gandhi R, Shawer H, Tsoumpas C, Bailey MA. Imaging Biological Pathways in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Using Positron Emission Tomography. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1596-1606. [PMID: 33761759 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bell
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Richa Gandhi
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Heba Shawer
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Charalampos Tsoumpas
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Marc A Bailey
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
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16
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Time-Dependent Pathological Changes in Hypoperfusion-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020149. [PMID: 33672844 PMCID: PMC7917844 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular disease that involves gradual dilation of the abdominal aorta and has a high mortality due to rupture. Hypoperfusion due to the obstruction of vasa vasorum, which is a blood supply system in the aortic wall, may be an important factor involved in AAA pathophysiology. A time-dependent analysis is important to understand the pathological cascade following hypoperfusion in the aortic wall. In our study, time-dependent analysis using a hypoperfusion-induced animal model showed that the dynamics of many AAA-related factors might be associated with the increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1α level. Hypoperfusion due to stenosis of the vasa vasorum might be a new drug target for AAA therapeutics. Abstract Hypoperfusion due to vasa vasorum stenosis can cause wall hypoxia and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. Even though hypoperfusion is an important contributor toward pathological changes in AAA, the correlation between hypoperfusion and AAA is not fully understood. In this study, a time-dependent semi-quantitative pathological analysis of hypoperfusion-induced aortic wall changes was performed to understand the mechanisms underlying the gradual degradation of the aortic wall leading to AAA formation. AAA-related factors evaluated in this study were grouped according to the timing of dynamic change, and five groups were formed as follows: first group: angiotensin II type 1 receptor, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and malondialdehyde (MDA); second group: matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -9, -12, M1 macrophages (Mac387+ cells), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1; third group: synthetic smooth muscle cells (SMCs); fourth group: neutrophil elastase, contractile SMCs, and angiotensinogen; and the fifth group: M2 macrophages (CD163+ cells). Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, ET-1, MDA, and MMP-9 were colocalized with alpha-smooth muscle actin cells in 3 h, suggesting that hypoperfusion-induced hypoxia directly affects the activities of contractile SMCs in the initial stage of AAA. Time-dependent pathological analysis clarified the cascade of AAA-related factors. These findings provide clues for understanding complicated multistage pathologies in AAA.
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17
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Blume C, Geiger MF, Müller M, Clusmann H, Mainz V, Kalder J, Brandenburg LO, Mueller CA. Decreased angiogenesis as a possible pathomechanism in cervical degenerative myelopathy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2497. [PMID: 33510227 PMCID: PMC7843718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous immune mediated reactions of inflammation and angiogenesis are components of the spinal cord injury in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). The aim of this study was to identify alteration of certain mediators participating in angiogenetic and inflammatory reactions in patients with DCM. A consecutive series of 42 patients with DCM and indication for surgical decompression were enrolled for the study. 28 DCM patients were included, as CSF samples were taken preoperatively. We enrolled 42 patients requiring surgery for a thoracic abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) as neurologically healthy controls. In 38 TAAA patients, CSF samples were taken prior to surgery and thus included. We evaluated the neurological status of patients and controls prior to surgery including NDI and mJOA. Protein-concentrations of factors with a crucial role in inflammation and angiogenesis were measured in CSF via ELISA testing (pg/ml): Angiopoietin 2, VEGF-A and C, RANTES, IL 1 beta and IL 8. Additionally, evaluated the status of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) by Reibers´diagnostic in all participants. Groups evidently differed in their neurological status (mJOA: DCM 10.1 ± 3.3, TAAA 17.3 ± 1.2, p < .001; NDI: DCM 47.4 ± 19.7, TAAA 5.3 ± 8.6, p < .001). There were no particular differences in age and gender distribution. However, we detected statistically significant differences in concentrations of mediators between the groups: Angiopoietin 2 (DCM 267.1.4 ± 81.9, TAAA 408.6 ± 177.1, p < .001) and VEGF C (DCM 152.2 ± 96.1, TAAA 222.4 ± 140.3, p = .04). DCM patients presented a mild to moderate BSCB disruption, controls had no signs of impairment. In patients with DCM, we measured decreased concentrations of angiogenic mediators. These results correspond to findings of immune mediated secondary harm in acute spinal cord injury. Reduced angiogenic activity could be a relevant part of the pathogenesis of DCM and secondary harm to the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Blume
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - M F Geiger
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Department of Neuroradiology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Clusmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - V Mainz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 19, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - J Kalder
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Gießen University, Rudolf-Buchheim-str. 7, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - L O Brandenburg
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - C A Mueller
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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18
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Liu Y, Wang X, Wang H, Hu T. Identification of key genes and pathways in abdominal aortic aneurysm by integrated bioinformatics analysis. J Int Med Res 2019; 48:300060519894437. [PMID: 31885343 PMCID: PMC7783286 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519894437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify key genes associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) by
integrating a microarray profile and a single-cell RNA-seq dataset. Methods The microarray profile of GSE7084 and the single-cell RNA-seq dataset were
obtained from the Gene Express Omnibus database. Differentially expressed
genes (DEGs) were chosen using the R package and annotated by Gene Ontology
and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics analysis. The hub genes were
identified based on their degrees of interaction in the protein-protein
interaction (PPI) network. Expression of hub genes was determined using
single-cell RNA-seq analysis. Results In total, 507 upregulated and 842 downregulated DEGs were identified and
associated with AAA. The upregulated DEGs were enriched into 9 biological
processes and 10 biological pathways, which were closely involved in the
pathogenesis and progression of AAA. Based on the PPI network, we focused on
six hub genes, four of which were novel target genes compared with the known
aneurysm gene database. Using single-cell RNA-seq analysis, we explored the
four genes expressed in vascular cells of AAA: CANX,
CD44, DAXX, and
STAT1. Conclusions We identified key genes that may provide insight into the mechanism of AAA
pathogenesis and progression and that have potential to be therapeutic
targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The
Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of
Nanjing
Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Xixi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated
Shanghai First People’s Hospital of
Nanjing
Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongye Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The
Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of
Nanjing
Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The
Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of
Nanjing
Medical University, Huaian, China
- Tingting Hu, Department of Cardiology, the
Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Beijing
West Road 6, Huaian 223001, China.
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Tanaka H, Zaima N, Kugo H, Yata T, Iida Y, Hashimoto K, Miyamoto C, Sasaki T, Sano H, Suzuki Y, Moriyama T, Shimizu H, Inuzuka K, Urano T, Unno N. The Role of Animal Models in Elucidating the Etiology and Pathology of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Development of a Novel Rupture Mechanism Model. Ann Vasc Surg 2019; 63:382-390. [PMID: 31626940 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Existing animal models do not replicate all aspects of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), including the rupture mechanisms. From histopathological analyses conducted in humans, it has been found that the vasa vasorum of the AAA wall is the starting point of circulatory failure and that bulging and dilatation of the abdominal aorta occurs through inflammation and tissue degeneration. We created a new animal model (the hypoperfusion-induced model) of AAAs. In this study, we describe the current animal models of AAAs and present the utility of our new model of AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kinki University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hirona Kugo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kinki University, Nara, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Yata
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Second Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iida
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kinki University, Nara, Japan
| | - Chie Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kinki University, Nara, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Organ & Tissue Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hideto Sano
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuko Suzuki
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kinki University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Inuzuka
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Second Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tetsumei Urano
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoki Unno
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; Department of Second Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan; Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Macrophage metabolic reprogramming aggravates aortic dissection through the HIF1α-ADAM17 pathway ✰. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:291-304. [PMID: 31640947 PMCID: PMC6945268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aortic dissection is a severe inflammatory vascular disease with high mortality and limited therapeutic options. The hallmarks of aortic dissection comprise aortic inflammatory cell infiltration and elastic fiber disruption, highlighting the involvement of macrophage. Here a role for macrophage hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in aortic dissection was uncovered. Methods Immunochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blot and qPCR were performed to test the change of macrophage HIF-1α in two kinds of aortic dissection models and human tissues. Metabolomics and Seahorse extracellular flux analysis were used to detect the metabolic state of macrophages involved in the development of aortic dissection. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and cytometric bead array (CBA) were employed for mechanistic studies. Findings Macrophages involved underwent distinct metabolic reprogramming, especially fumarate accumulation, thus inducing HIF-1α activation in the development of aortic dissection in human and mouse models. Mechanistic studies revealed that macrophage HIF-1α activation triggered vascular inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation and elastic plate breakage through increased a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 17 (ADAM17), identified as a novel target gene of HIF-1α. A HIF-1α specific inhibitor acriflavine elicited protective effects on aortic dissection dependent on macrophage HIF-1α. Interpretation This study reveals that macrophage metabolic reprogramming activates HIF-1α and subsequently promotes aortic dissection progression, suggesting that macrophage HIF-1α inhibition might be a potential therapeutic target for treating aortic dissection.
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21
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Li DY, Busch A, Jin H, Chernogubova E, Pelisek J, Karlsson J, Sennblad B, Liu S, Lao S, Hofmann P, Bäcklund A, Eken SM, Roy J, Eriksson P, Dacken B, Ramanujam D, Dueck A, Engelhardt S, Boon RA, Eckstein HH, Spin JM, Tsao PS, Maegdefessel L. H19 Induces Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Development and Progression. Circulation 2019; 138:1551-1568. [PMID: 29669788 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.032184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs have emerged as critical molecular regulators in various biological processes and diseases. Here we sought to identify and functionally characterize long noncoding RNAs as potential mediators in abdominal aortic aneurysm development. METHODS We profiled RNA transcript expression in 2 murine abdominal aortic aneurysm models, Angiotensin II (ANGII) infusion in apolipoprotein E-deficient ( ApoE-/-) mice (n=8) and porcine pancreatic elastase instillation in C57BL/6 wild-type mice (n=12). The long noncoding RNA H19 was identified as 1 of the most highly upregulated transcripts in both mouse aneurysm models compared with sham-operated controls. This was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. RESULTS Experimental knock-down of H19, utilizing site-specific antisense oligonucleotides (LNA-GapmeRs) in vivo, significantly limited aneurysm growth in both models. Upregulated H19 correlated with smooth muscle cell (SMC) content and SMC apoptosis in progressing aneurysms. Importantly, a similar pattern could be observed in human abdominal aortic aneurysm tissue samples, and in a novel preclinical LDLR-/- (low-density lipoprotein receptor) Yucatan mini-pig aneurysm model. In vitro knock-down of H19 markedly decreased apoptotic rates of cultured human aortic SMCs, whereas overexpression of H19 had the opposite effect. Notably, H19-dependent apoptosis mechanisms in SMCs appeared to be independent of miR-675, which is embedded in the first exon of the H19 gene. A customized transcription factor array identified hypoxia-inducible factor 1α as the main downstream effector. Increased SMC apoptosis was associated with cytoplasmic interaction between H19 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and sequential p53 stabilization. Additionally, H19 induced transcription of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α via recruiting the transcription factor specificity protein 1 to the promoter region. CONCLUSIONS The long noncoding RNA H19 is a novel regulator of SMC survival in abdominal aortic aneurysm development and progression. Inhibition of H19 expression might serve as a novel molecular therapeutic target for aortic aneurysm disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Li
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar (D.Y.L., A. Busch, J.P., S.L., H.-H.E., L.M.), Technical University Munich, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Albert Busch
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar (D.Y.L., A. Busch, J.P., S.L., H.-H.E., L.M.), Technical University Munich, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Medicine (H.J., E.C., A. Bäcklund; S.M.E., P.E., L.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Chernogubova
- Department of Medicine (H.J., E.C., A. Bäcklund; S.M.E., P.E., L.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar (D.Y.L., A. Busch, J.P., S.L., H.-H.E., L.M.), Technical University Munich, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Joakim Karlsson
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (J.K.)
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (B.S.)
| | - Shengliang Liu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar (D.Y.L., A. Busch, J.P., S.L., H.-H.E., L.M.), Technical University Munich, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Shen Lao
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar (D.Y.L., A. Busch, J.P., S.L., H.-H.E., L.M.), Technical University Munich, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Hofmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, University Hospital Frankfurt, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.H., R.A.B.)
| | - Alexandra Bäcklund
- Department of Medicine (H.J., E.C., A. Bäcklund; S.M.E., P.E., L.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suzanne M Eken
- Department of Medicine (H.J., E.C., A. Bäcklund; S.M.E., P.E., L.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joy Roy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Department of Medicine (H.J., E.C., A. Bäcklund; S.M.E., P.E., L.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Deepak Ramanujam
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.R., A.D., S.E.), Technical University Munich, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Dueck
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.R., A.D., S.E.), Technical University Munich, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.R., A.D., S.E.), Technical University Munich, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, University Hospital Frankfurt, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany (P.H., R.A.B.)
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar (D.Y.L., A. Busch, J.P., S.L., H.-H.E., L.M.), Technical University Munich, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua M Spin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.)
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, CA (J.M.S., P.S.T.)
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar (D.Y.L., A. Busch, J.P., S.L., H.-H.E., L.M.), Technical University Munich, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine (H.J., E.C., A. Bäcklund; S.M.E., P.E., L.M.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Xu B, Iida Y, Glover KJ, Ge Y, Wang Y, Xuan H, Hu X, Tanaka H, Wang W, Fujimura N, Miyata M, Shoji T, Guo J, Zheng X, Gerritsen M, Kuo C, Michie SA, Dalman RL. Inhibition of VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)-A or its Receptor Activity Suppresses Experimental Aneurysm Progression in the Aortic Elastase Infusion Model. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1652-1666. [PMID: 31294623 PMCID: PMC6699755 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the pathogenic significance of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-A in experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and the translational value of pharmacological VEGF-A or its receptor inhibition in aneurysm suppression. Approaches and Results: AAAs were created in male C57BL/6J mice via intra-aortic elastase infusion. Soluble VEGFR (VEGF receptor)-2 extracellular ligand-binding domain (delivered in Ad [adenovirus]-VEGFR-2), anti-VEGF-A mAb (monoclonal antibody), and sunitinib were used to sequester VEGF-A, neutralize VEGF-A, and inhibit receptor tyrosine kinase activity, respectively. Influences on AAAs were assessed using ultrasonography and histopathology. In vitro transwell migration and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays were used to assess myeloid cell chemotaxis and mRNA expression, respectively. Abundant VEGF-A mRNA and VEGF-A-positive cells were present in aneurysmal aortae. Sequestration of VEGF-A by Ad-VEGFR-2 prevented AAA formation, with attenuation of medial elastolysis and smooth muscle depletion, mural angiogenesis and monocyte/macrophage infiltration. Treatment with anti-VEGF-A mAb prevented AAA formation without affecting further progression of established AAAs. Sunitinib therapy substantially mitigated both AAA formation and further progression of established AAAs, attenuated aneurysmal aortic MMP2 (matrix metalloproteinase) and MMP9 protein expression, inhibited inflammatory monocyte and neutrophil chemotaxis to VEGF-A, and reduced MMP2, MMP9, and VEGF-A mRNA expression in macrophages and smooth muscle cells in vitro. Additionally, sunitinib treatment reduced circulating monocytes in aneurysmal mice. CONCLUSIONS VEGF-A and its receptors contribute to experimental AAA formation by suppressing mural angiogenesis, MMP and VEGF-A production, myeloid cell chemotaxis, and circulating monocytes. Pharmacological inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases by sunitinib or related compounds may provide novel opportunities for clinical aneurysm suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Xu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yasunori Iida
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Keith J Glover
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yingbin Ge
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haojun Xuan
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Naoki Fujimura
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Masaaki Miyata
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shoji
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaoya Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mary Gerritsen
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Calvin Kuo
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sara A Michie
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ronald L Dalman
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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23
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Skrebūnas A, Lengvenis G, Builytė IU, Žulpaitė R, Bliūdžius R, Purlys P, Baltrūnas T, Misonis N, Matačiūnas M, Marinskis G, Vajauskas D. Is Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Behavior after Endovascular Repair Associated with Aneurysm Wall Density on Computed Tomography Angiography? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55080406. [PMID: 31349723 PMCID: PMC6723564 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth is unpredictable after the endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Continuing aortic wall degradation and weakening due to hypoxia may have a role in post-EVAR aneurysm sac growth. We aimed to assess the association of aortic wall density on computed tomography angiography (CTA) with aneurysm growth following EVAR. Materials and Methods: A total of 78 patients were included in the study. The control group consisted of 39 randomly assigned patients without aortic pathology. Post-EVAR aneurysm sac volumes on CTA were measured twice during the follow-up period to estimate aneurysm sac behavior. A maximum AAA sac diameter, aortic wall and lumen densities in Hounsfield units (HU) on CTA were measured. A relative aortic wall density (the ratio of aortic wall to lumen densities) was calculated. A statistical data analysis was performed using standard methods. Results: An increase in the AAA sac volume was observed in 12 (30.8%) cases. Median relative aortic wall density on CTA scores in both the patient and the control group at the level of the diaphragm were similar: 0.15 (interquartile range (IQR), 0.11–0.18) and 0.16 (IQR 0.11–0.18), p = 0.5378, respectively. The median (IQR) relative aortic wall density score at the level of the maximum AAA diameter in the patient group was lower than at the level below renal arteries in the control group: 0.10 (0.07–0.12) and 0.17 (0.12–0.23), p < 0.0001, respectively. The median (IQR) relative growing AAA sac wall density score was lower than a relative stable/shrinking AAA sac wall density score: 0.09 (0.06–0.10) and 0.11 (0.09–0.13), p = 0.0096, respectively. Conclusions: A lower aortic aneurysm wall density on CTA may be associated with AAA growth after EVAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arminas Skrebūnas
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Centre of Cardiology and Angiology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Givi Lengvenis
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Inga Urtė Builytė
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Žulpaitė
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rytis Bliūdžius
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Petras Purlys
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Baltrūnas
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Centre of Cardiology and Angiology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nerijus Misonis
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Centre of Cardiology and Angiology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Matačiūnas
- Centre of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Germanas Marinskis
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Centre of Cardiology and Angiology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Donatas Vajauskas
- Department of Radiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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24
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Sun J, Deng H, Zhou Z, Xiong X, Gao L. Endothelium as a Potential Target for Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6306542. [PMID: 29849906 PMCID: PMC5903296 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6306542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) was previously ascribed to weaken defective medial arterial/adventitial layers, for example, smooth muscle/fibroblast cells. Therefore, besides surgical repair, medications targeting the medial layer to strengthen the aortic wall are the most feasible treatment strategy for AAA. However, so far, it is unclear whether such drugs have any beneficial effect on AAA prognosis, rate of aneurysm growth, rupture, or survival. Notably, clinical studies have shown that AAA is highly associated with endothelial dysfunction in the aged population. Additionally, animal models of endothelial dysfunction and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling had a very high rate of AAA formation, indicating there is crucial involvement of the endothelium and a possible pharmacological solution targeting the endothelium in AAA treatment. Endothelial cells have been found to trigger vascular wall remodeling by releasing proteases, or recruiting macrophages along with other neutrophils, into the medial layer. Moreover, inflammation and oxidative stress of the arterial wall were induced by endothelial dysfunction. Interestingly, there is a paradoxical differential correlation between diabetes and aneurysm formation in retinal capillaries and the aorta. Deciphering the significance of such a difference may explain current unsuccessful AAA medications and offer a solution to this treatment challenge. It is now believed that AAA and atherosclerosis are two separate but related diseases, based on their different clinical patterns which have further complicated the puzzle. Therefore, a thorough investigation of the interaction between endothelium and medial/adventitial layer may provide us a better understanding and new perspective on AAA formation, especially after taking into account the importance of endothelium in the development of AAA. Moreover, a novel medication strategy replacing the currently used, but suboptimal treatments for AAA, could be informed with this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Sun
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongping Deng
- Vascular Surgery Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Vascular Surgery Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Neurosurgery Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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25
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Tanaka H, Unno N, Yata T, Kugo H, Zaima N, Sasaki T, Urano T. Creation of a Rodent Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Blocking Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Perfusion. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29155740 PMCID: PMC5755317 DOI: 10.3791/55763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) provides oxygen and nourishment to the aortic wall. Hypoxia in the aortic wall can cause enlarged abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). This article introduces and describes a standard protocol used to induce AAAs through adventitial VV hypoperfusion created with a combination of polyurethane catheter insertion into the aortic lumen and suture ligation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. The protocol involves the use of male rats weighing 300-400 g, which are provided food and water ad libitum. After laparotomy with a ventral midline abdominal incision, exfoliation of the aorta is performed, which blocks blood flow from the perivascular tissue. Aortotomy involving a small incision adjacent to the renal artery branches is performed, and a polyurethane catheter is inserted using an 18-gauge indwelling needle. After repairing the incision, tight ligation of the aorta over the catheter blocks VV blood flow from the proximal direction through the aortic wall without disturbing the aortic blood flow. This technique can induce an AAA with progressive aortic dilatation. The greatest benefit of this model is that VV hypoperfusion causes tissue hypoxia and the development of an infrarenal AAA, which has morphological and pathological characteristics similar to those of a human AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; Division of Vascular Surgery, Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Naoki Unno
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine;
| | - Tatsuro Yata
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Hirona Kugo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Organ & Tissue Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Tetsumei Urano
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
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26
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Deletion of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in myeloid lineage exaggerates angiotensin II-induced formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:609-620. [PMID: 28196857 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is a transcription factor that regulates various genes responding to hypoxic conditions. We previously reported that myeloid-specific activation of HIF-1α had protective effects on hypertensive cardiovascular remodelling in mice. However the role of myeloid lineage HIF-1α in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has not been determined. Myeloid-specific HIF-1α knockout (HIF-1KO) mice were created using a Cre-lox recombination system in the background of apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. HIF-1KO and control mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) and infused with angiotensin II (Ang II, 1800 ng/kg/min) by an osmotic mini pump for 4 weeks to induce AAA formation. Deletion of HIF-1α increased aortic external diameter (2.47±0.21 mm versus 1.80±0.28 mm in control, P=0.035). AAA formation rate (94.4% in HIF-1KO versus 81.8% in control) was not statistically significant. Elastic lamina degradation grade determined by Elastica van Gieson (EVG) staining was deteriorated in HIF-1KO mice (3.91±0.08 versus 3.25±0.31 in control, P=0.013). The number of infiltrated macrophages into the abdominal aorta was increased in HIF-1KO mice. Expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) was suppressed in the aorta and peritoneal macrophages (PMs) from HIF-1KO mice compared with control mice. HIF-1α in myeloid lineage cells may have a protective role against AAA formation induced by Ang II and HFD in ApoE-/- mice.
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27
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Maehana S, Nakamura M, Ogawa F, Imai R, Murakami R, Kojima F, Majima M, Kitasato H. Suppression of lymphangiogenesis by soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in a mouse lung cancer model. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:660-665. [PMID: 27697638 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family has a key role in the formation of blood vessels and lymphatics. Among the members of this family, VEGF-C is one of the most important factors involved in lymphangiogenesis via binding with two receptors (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and -3: VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3). Soluble VEGFR-2 (sVEGFR-2) has a role in maintaining the alymphatic state of the cornea associated with binding to VEGF-C, and selectively inhibits lymphangiogenesis but not angiogenesis. In this study, we introduced sVEGFR-2 into lung cancer cells and evaluated the influence on tumor progression and on genes regulating lymphatic formation and metastasis in vivo. A retroviral vector was used to introduce the sVEGFR-2 gene into Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC), which were designated as LLC-sVEGFR-2 cells. Proteins secreted into the culture supernatant by these cells were detected by western blotting using specific antibodies. To examine lymphangiogenesis by primary lung cancer in vivo, LLC-sVEGFR-2 cells were subcutaneously injected into C57BL/6 mice. At 14days after injection, immunohistochemistry was performed using an antibody directed against lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1), a marker of lymphatics. Expression of mRNA for VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was also determined by real-time PCR. Furthermore, LLC-sVEGFR-2 cells were directly inoculated into the left lung in C57BL/6 mice and the number of micro-metastases in pulmonary lymph nodes was determined. Introduction of sVEGFR-2 into LLC cells resulted in secretion of sVEGFR-2 protein into the culture supernatant. There were fewer LYVE-1 positive lymphatics after inoculation of LLC-sVEGFR-2 into mice compared with the control group. In addition, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, and MMPs gene expression was suppressed in the primary tumors of the LLC-sVEGFR-2 group compared with the control group. Furthermore, there were fewer micro-metastases in the pulmonary lymph nodes of the LLC-sVEGFR-2 group compared with the control group after cells were directly inoculated into the lung. These findings indicate that introduction of sVEGFR-2 suppressed lymphangiogenesis in primary lung cancer and also suppressed lymphogenic metastasis by inhibiting VEGF-C, followed by down-regulation of VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 and MMPs. Accordingly, sVEGFR-2 might be a promising target for treatment of cancer by regulating lymphangiogenesis and lymphogenic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Maehana
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Masaki Nakamura
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Fumihiro Ogawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Rimika Imai
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Rei Murakami
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Kojima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Hidero Kitasato
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
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28
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Kitagawa T, Kosuge H, Uchida M, Iida Y, Dalman RL, Douglas T, McConnell MV. RGD targeting of human ferritin iron oxide nanoparticles enhances in vivo MRI of vascular inflammation and angiogenesis in experimental carotid disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:1144-1153. [PMID: 27689830 PMCID: PMC5352511 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD)‐conjugated human ferritin (HFn) iron oxide nanoparticles for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of vascular inflammation and angiogenesis in experimental carotid disease and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Materials and Methods HFn was genetically engineered to express the RGD peptide and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were chemically synthesized inside the engineered HFn (RGD‐HFn). Macrophage‐rich left carotid lesions were induced by ligation in FVB mice made hyperlipidemic and diabetic (n = 14), with the contralateral right carotid serving as control. Murine AAAs were created by continuous angiotensin II infusion in ApoE‐deficient mice (n = 12), while control mice underwent saline infusion (n = 8). All mice were imaged before and after intravenous injection with either RGD‐HFn‐Fe3O4 or HFn‐Fe3O4 using a gradient‐echo sequence on a whole‐body 3T clinical scanner, followed by histological analysis. The nanoparticle accumulation was assessed by the extent of
T2*‐induced carotid lumen reduction (% lumen loss) or aortic
T2*‐weighted signal intensity reduction (% SI [signal intensity] loss). Results RGD‐HFn‐Fe3O4 was taken up more than HFn‐Fe3O4 in both the ligated left carotid arteries (% lumen loss; 69 ± 9% vs. 36 ± 7%, P = 0.01) and AAAs (% SI loss; 47 ± 6% vs. 20 ± 5%, P = 0.01). The AAA % SI loss correlated positively with AAA size (r = 0.89, P < 0.001). Histology confirmed the greater accumulation and colocalization of RGD‐HFn‐Fe3O4 to both vascular macrophages and endothelial cells. Conclusion RGD‐HFn‐Fe3O4 enhances in vivo MRI by targeting both vascular inflammation and angiogenesis, and provides a promising translatable MRI approach to detect high‐risk atherosclerotic and aneurysmal vascular diseases. Level of Evidence: 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:1144–1153
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Kitagawa
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hisanori Kosuge
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Tsukuba Advanced Imaging Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaki Uchida
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Yasunori Iida
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ronald L Dalman
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Trevor Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Michael V McConnell
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Magnetic Resonance Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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29
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Busch A, Holm A, Wagner N, Ergün S, Rosenfeld M, Otto C, Baur J, Kellersmann R, Lorenz U. Extra- and Intraluminal Elastase Induce Morphologically Distinct Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Mice and Thus Represent Specific Subtypes of Human Disease. J Vasc Res 2016; 53:49-57. [DOI: 10.1159/000447263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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30
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Mallat Z, Tedgui A, Henrion D. Role of Microvascular Tone and Extracellular Matrix Contraction in the Regulation of Interstitial Fluid: Implications for Aortic Dissection. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1742-7. [PMID: 27444198 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of aortic dissection is poorly understood, and its risk is resistant to medical treatment. Most studies have focused on a proposed pathogenic role of transforming growth factor-β in Marfan disease and related thoracic aortic aneurysms and aortic dissections. However, clinical testing of this concept using angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists to block transforming growth factor-β signaling fell short of promise. Genetic mutations that predispose to thoracic aortic aneurysms and aortic dissections affect components of the extracellular matrix and proteins involved in cellular force generation. Thus, a role for dysfunctional mechanosensing in abnormal aortic wall remodeling is emerging. However, how abnormal mechanosensing leads to aortic dissection remains a mystery. Here, we review current knowledge about the regulation of interstitial fluid dynamics and myogenic tone and propose that alteration in contractile force reduces vascular tone in the microcirculation (here, aortic vasa vasorum) and leads to elevations of blood flow, transmural pressure, and fluid flux into the surrounding aortic media. Furthermore, reduced contractile force in medial smooth muscle cells coupled with alteration of structural components of the extracellular matrix limits extracellular matrix contraction, further promoting the formation of intramural edema, a critical step in the initiation of aortic dissection. The concept is supported by several pathophysiological and clinical observations. A direct implication of this concept is that drugs that lower blood pressure and limit interstitial fluid accumulation while preserving or increasing microvascular tone would limit the risk of dissection. In contrast, drugs that substantially lower microvascular tone would be ineffective or may accelerate the disease and precipitate aortic dissection.
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MESH Headings
- Aortic Dissection/metabolism
- Aortic Dissection/pathology
- Aortic Dissection/physiopathology
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Extracellular Fluid/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Microcirculation
- Microvessels/metabolism
- Microvessels/pathology
- Microvessels/physiopathology
- Models, Biological
- Models, Cardiovascular
- Pressure
- Vasoconstriction
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Mallat
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U970, Paris, France (Z.M., A.T.); and Inserm U1083, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifque (CNRS) UMR6214, Laboratoire de Biologie Neurovasculaire et Mitochondriale Intégrée, Angers, France (D.H.).
| | - Alain Tedgui
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U970, Paris, France (Z.M., A.T.); and Inserm U1083, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifque (CNRS) UMR6214, Laboratoire de Biologie Neurovasculaire et Mitochondriale Intégrée, Angers, France (D.H.)
| | - Daniel Henrion
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U970, Paris, France (Z.M., A.T.); and Inserm U1083, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifque (CNRS) UMR6214, Laboratoire de Biologie Neurovasculaire et Mitochondriale Intégrée, Angers, France (D.H.)
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31
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Sano M, Unno N, Sasaki T, Baba S, Sugisawa R, Tanaka H, Inuzuka K, Yamamoto N, Sato K, Konno H. Topologic distributions of vasa vasorum and lymphatic vasa vasorum in the aortic adventitia – Implications for the prevalence of aortic diseases. Atherosclerosis 2016; 247:127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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32
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Rodella LF, Rezzani R, Bonomini F, Peroni M, Cocchi MA, Hirtler L, Bonardelli S. Abdominal aortic aneurysm and histological, clinical, radiological correlation. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:256-62. [PMID: 26858185 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To date, the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurism (AAA) still remains unclear. As such, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes of the aortic structure during AAA. We analysed the microscopic frame of vessels sections, starting from the primum movens leading to abnormal dilatation. AAA samples were collected and processed through various staining methods (Verhoeff-Van Gieson, Masson Goldner, Sirius Red). Subsequently, the vessel morphology and collagenic web of the tunica media and adventitia were determined and the amount of type I and type III collagen was measured. We also applied immune-histochemistry markers for CD34 and PGP 9.5 in order to identify vascular and nerve structures in the aorta. Immune-positivity quantification was used to calculate the percentage of the stained area. We found increasing deposition of type I collagen and reduced type III collagen in both tunica media and adventitia of AAA. The total amount of vasa vasorum, marked with CD34, and nerva vasorum, marked with PGP 9.5, was also higher in AAA samples. Cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, dyslipidemia, cigarette smoking) and radiological data (maximum aneurism diameter, intra-luminal thrombus, aortic wall calcification) increased these changes. These results suggest that the tunica adventitia may have a central role in the pathogenesis of AAA as clearly there are major changes characterized by rooted inflammatory infiltration. The presence of immune components could explain these modifications within the framework of the aorta.
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33
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Schmitz-Rixen T, Keese M, Hakimi M, Peters A, Böckler D, Nelson K, Grundmann RT. Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm—epidemiology, predisposing factors, and biology. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2016; 401:275-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00423-016-1401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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34
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Folkesson M, Vorkapic E, Gulbins E, Japtok L, Kleuser B, Welander M, Länne T, Wågsäter D. Inflammatory cells, ceramides, and expression of proteases in perivascular adipose tissue adjacent to human abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2016; 65:1171-1179.e1. [PMID: 26960947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a deadly irreversible weakening and distension of the abdominal aortic wall. The pathogenesis of AAA remains poorly understood. Investigation into the physical and molecular characteristics of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) adjacent to AAA has not been done before and is the purpose of this study. METHODS AND RESULTS Human aortae, periaortic PVAT, and fat surrounding peripheral arteries were collected from patients undergoing elective surgical repair of AAA. Control aortas were obtained from recently deceased healthy organ donors with no known arterial disease. Aorta and PVAT was found in AAA to larger extent compared with control aortas. Immunohistochemistry revealed neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, and T-cells surrounding necrotic adipocytes. Gene expression analysis showed that neutrophils, mast cells, and T-cells were found to be increased in PVAT compared with AAA as well as cathepsin K and S. The concentration of ceramides in PVAT was determined using mass spectrometry and correlated with content of T-cells in the PVAT. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a role for abnormal necrotic, inflamed, proteolytic adipose tissue to the adjacent aneurysmal aortic wall in ongoing vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Folkesson
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emina Vorkapic
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lukasz Japtok
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Welander
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Toste Länne
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dick Wågsäter
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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35
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Expression and significance of Ku80 and PDGFR-α in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:204-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Meijles
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA.
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37
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Koudelkova P, Weber G, Mikulits W. Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells Escape Senescence by Loss of p19ARF. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142134. [PMID: 26528722 PMCID: PMC4631446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) represent a highly differentiated cell type that lines hepatic sinusoids. LSECs form a discontinuous endothelium due to fenestrations under physiological conditions, which are reduced upon chronic liver injury. Cultivation of rodent LSECs associates with a rapid onset of stress-induced senescence a few days post isolation, which limits genetic and biochemical studies ex vivo. Here we show the establishment of LSECs isolated from p19ARF-/- mice which undergo more than 50 cell doublings in the absence of senescence. Isolated p19ARF-/- LSECs display a cobblestone-like morphology and show the ability of tube formation. Analysis of DNA content revealed a stable diploid phenotype after long-term passaging without a gain of aneuploidy. Notably, p19ARF-/- LSECs express the endothelial markers CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2, VE-cadherin, von Willebrand factor, stabilin-2 and CD146 suggesting that these cells harbor and maintain an endothelial phenotype. In line, treatment with small molecule inhibitors against VEGFR-2 caused cell death, demonstrating the sustained ability of p19ARF-/- LSECs to respond to anti-angiogenic therapeutics. From these data we conclude that loss of p19ARF overcomes senescence of LSECs, allowing immortalization of cells without losing endothelial characteristics. Thus, p19ARF-/- LSECs provide a novel cellular model to study endothelial cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Koudelkova
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Weber
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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38
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Tanaka H, Zaima N, Sasaki T, Sano M, Yamamoto N, Saito T, Inuzuka K, Hayasaka T, Goto-Inoue N, Sugiura Y, Sato K, Kugo H, Moriyama T, Konno H, Setou M, Unno N. Hypoperfusion of the Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Develops an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134386. [PMID: 26308526 PMCID: PMC4550325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aortic wall is perfused by the adventitial vasa vasorum (VV). Tissue hypoxia has previously been observed as a manifestation of enlarged abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). We sought to determine whether hypoperfusion of the adventitial VV could develop AAAs. We created a novel animal model of adventitial VV hypoperfusion with a combination of a polyurethane catheter insertion and a suture ligation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta in rats. VV hypoperfusion caused tissue hypoxia and developed infrarenal AAA, which had similar morphological and pathological characteristics to human AAA. In human AAA tissue, the adventitial VV were stenotic in both small AAAs (30-49 mm in diameter) and in large AAAs (> 50 mm in diameter), with the sac tissue in these AAAs being ischemic and hypoxic. These results indicate that hypoperfusion of adventitial VV has critical effects on the development of infrarenal AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanaka
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masaki Sano
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamamoto
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takaaki Saito
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazunori Inuzuka
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hayasaka
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Health Innovation & Technology Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoko Goto-Inoue
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Health Promotion Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohji Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hirona Kugo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Moriyama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- * E-mail: (NU); (M. Setou)
| | - Naoki Unno
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- * E-mail: (NU); (M. Setou)
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39
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Xu J, Lu X, Shi GP. Vasa vasorum in atherosclerosis and clinical significance. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11574-608. [PMID: 26006236 PMCID: PMC4463718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to several acute cardiovascular complications with poor prognosis. For decades, the role of the adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis has received broad attention. The presence of VV neovascularization precedes the apparent symptoms of clinical atherosclerosis. VV also mediates inflammatory cell infiltration, intimal thickening, intraplaque hemorrhage, and subsequent atherothrombosis that results in stroke or myocardial infarction. Intraplaque neovessels originating from VV can be immature and hence susceptible to leakage, and are thus regarded as the leading cause of intraplaque hemorrhage. Evidence supports VV as a new surrogate target of atherosclerosis evaluation and treatment. This review provides an overview into the relationship between VV and atherosclerosis, including the anatomy and function of VV, the stimuli of VV neovascularization, and the available underlying mechanisms that lead to poor prognosis. We also summarize translational researches on VV imaging modalities and potential therapies that target VV neovascularization or its stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Xu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhujiang Hospital and Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Xiaotong Lu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhujiang Hospital and Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhujiang Hospital and Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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40
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Blei F. Update June 2014. Lymphat Res Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2014.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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41
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Novel biomarkers of abdominal aortic aneurysm disease: identifying gaps and dispelling misperceptions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:925840. [PMID: 24967416 PMCID: PMC4055358 DOI: 10.1155/2014/925840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a prevalent and potentially life-threatening disease. Early detection by screening programs and subsequent surveillance has been shown to be effective at reducing the risk of mortality due to aneurysm rupture. The aim of this review is to summarize the developments in the literature concerning the latest biomarkers (from 2008 to date) and their potential screening and therapeutic values. Our search included human studies in English and found numerous novel biomarkers under research, which were categorized in 6 groups. Most of these studies are either experimental or hampered by their low numbers of patients. We concluded that currently no specific laboratory markers allow screeing for the disease and monitoring its progression or the results of treatment. Further studies and studies in larger patient groups are required in order to validate biomarkers as cost-effective tools in the AAA disease.
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