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Liu Z, Xue X, Geng S, Jiang Z, Ge Z, Zhao C, Xu Y, Wang X, Zhang W, Lin L, Chen Z. The differences in cytokine signatures between severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). J Virol 2024; 98:e0078624. [PMID: 38916398 PMCID: PMC11265425 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00786-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus and hantavirus are categorized under the Bunyavirales order. The severe disease progression in both SFTS and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is associated with cytokine storms. This study aimed to explore the differences in cytokine profiles and immune responses between the two diseases. A cross-sectional, single-center study involved 100 participants, comprising 46 SFTS patients, 48 HFRS patients, and 6 healthy controls. The study employed the Luminex cytokine detection platform to measure 48 cytokines. The differences in cytokine profiles and immune characteristics between the two diseases were further analyzed using multiple linear regression, principal component analysis, and random forest method. Among the 48 cytokines tested, 30 showed elevated levels in SFTS and/or HFRS compared to the healthy control group. Furthermore, there were 19 cytokines that exhibited significant differences between SFTS and HFRS. Random forest analysis suggested that TRAIL and CTACK were predictive of SFTS, while IL2Ralpha, MIG, IL-8, IFNalpha2, HGF, SCF, MCP-3, and PDGFBB were more common with HFRS. It was further verified by the receiver operating characteristic with area under the curve >0.8 and P-values <0.05, except for TRAIL. Significant differences were observed in the cytokine profiles of SFTS and HFRS, with TRAIL, IL2Ralpha, MIG, and IL-8 being the top 4 cytokines that most clearly distinguished the two diseases. IMPORTANCE SFTS and HFRS differ in terms of cytokine immune characteristics. TRAIL, IL-2Ralpha, MIG, and IL-8 were the top 4 that differed markedly between SFTS and HFRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishuai Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xue
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuying Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai Qishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Zhouling Jiang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziruo Ge
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai Qishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yantai Qishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Karch JL, Okorie CL, Maymone MBC, Laughter M, Vashi NA. Vascular cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 and RNA viral pathogens: a systematic review. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:313-324. [PMID: 37936304 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19, the widely recognized and highly contagious respiratory tract infection, has had a substantial impact on the field of dermatology since its emergence in 2019. SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19, is classified as an RNA virus. Various skin-related symptoms have been reported in patients with COVID-19, most notably the distinctive purple-red acral rash resembling chilblain lesions, commonly referred to as 'COVID toe'; similarly, skin-related symptoms have been observed in connection with other RNA viruses. OBJECTIVES To explore the relationship between RNA viruses and their associated vascular cutaneous manifestations vs. those observed in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed and medical subject heading terms related to RNA viruses and related skin manifestations. RESULTS In total, 3994 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 presenting with skin rashes were included. Chilblain-like lesions were most frequently observed (30.2%), followed by erythematous maculopapular/morbilliform rashes (9.1%) and urticarial rashes (4.7%). Of 8362 patients diagnosed with RNA viruses, more than half of the skin findings reported were erythematous/maculopapular/morbilliform rashes (52.3%), followed by unspecified (11.3%) and purpuric rashes (10.6%). CONCLUSIONS When comparing RNA viral infections with COVID-19 infection, we observed similarities in the reported skin manifestations and their presumed pathways, with many implicated in the proinflammatory response. Owing to the wide range of cutaneous symptoms associated with RNA viruses and our currently limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms, additional research is warranted to investigate the pathology behind viral-induced skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Karch
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Chiamaka L Okorie
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Mayra B C Maymone
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melissa Laughter
- Department of Dermatology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neelam A Vashi
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Boston Health Care System, Boston, MA, USA
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Nwachukwu William E, Oladejo J, Ofoegbunam CM, Anueyiagu C, Dogunro F, Etiki SO, Dachung BI, Obiekea C, Aderoju B, Akanbi K, Adeyemi IT, Famokun GA, Emelife O, Osamwonyi IW, Ochu CL, Abiode A, Ireye F, Chukwuji M, Ipadeola O, Saiki M, Okudo I, Nwodo D, Oteri JA, Ilori E, Mba N, Ihekweazu C. Epidemiological description of and response to a large yellow fever outbreak in Edo state Nigeria, September 2018 - January 2019. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1644. [PMID: 36042438 PMCID: PMC9425801 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Edo State Surveillance Unit observed the emergence of a disease with “no clear-cut-diagnosis”, which affected peri-urban Local Government Areas (LGAs) from September 6 to November 1, 2018. On notification, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control deployed a Rapid Response Team (RRT) to support outbreak investigation and response activities in the State. This study describes the epidemiology of and response to a large yellow fever (YF) outbreak in Edo State. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive outbreak investigation of YF outbreak in Edo State. A suspected case of YF was defined as “Any person residing in Edo State with acute onset of fever and jaundice appearing within 14 days of onset of the first symptoms from September 2018 to January 2019”. Our response involved active case search in health facilities and communities, retrospective review of patients’ records, rapid risk assessment, entomological survey, rapid YF vaccination coverage assessment, blood sample collection, case management and risk communication. Descriptive data analysis using percentages, proportions, frequencies were made. Results A total of 209 suspected cases were line-listed. Sixty-seven (67) confirmed in 12 LGAs with 15 deaths [Case fatality rate (CFR 22.4%)]. Among confirmed cases, median age was 24.8, (range 64 (1-64) years; Fifty-one (76.1%) were males; and only 13 (19.4%) had a history of YF vaccination. Vaccination coverage survey involving 241 children revealed low YF vaccine uptake, with 44.6% providing routine immunisation cards for sighting. Risk of YF transmission was 71.4%. Presence of Aedes with high-larval indices (House Index ≥5% and/or Breteau Index ≥20) were established in all the seven locations visited. YF reactive mass vaccination campaign was implemented. Conclusion Edo State is one of the states in Nigeria with the highest burden of yellow fever. More males were affected among the confirmed. Major symptoms include fever, jaundice, weakness, and bleeding. Majority of surveillance performance indicators were above target. There is a high risk of transmission of the disease in the state. Low yellow fever vaccination coverage, and presence of yellow fever vectors (Ae.aegypti, Ae.albopictus and Ae.simpsoni) are responsible for cases in affected communities. Enhanced surveillance, improved laboratory sample management, reactive vaccination campaign, improved yellow fever case management and increased risk communication/awareness are very important mitigation strategies to be sustained in Edo state to prevent further spread and mortality from yellow fever. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14043-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nwachukwu William
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Plot 800 Ebitu Ukiwe Street Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - John Oladejo
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Plot 800 Ebitu Ukiwe Street Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Chimezie Anueyiagu
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Plot 800 Ebitu Ukiwe Street Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Festus Dogunro
- National Arbovirus and Vector Research Centre, Abuja, Enugu State Nigeria, Nigeria
| | | | - Botson Iliya Dachung
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Plot 800 Ebitu Ukiwe Street Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Celestina Obiekea
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Plot 800 Ebitu Ukiwe Street Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Bukola Aderoju
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Plot 800 Ebitu Ukiwe Street Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Kayode Akanbi
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Obi Emelife
- National Primary Healthcare Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Chinwe Lucia Ochu
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Plot 800 Ebitu Ukiwe Street Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Alice Abiode
- Ministry of Health, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Faith Ireye
- World Health Organization, Nigeria Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Oladipupo Ipadeola
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Plot 800 Ebitu Ukiwe Street Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Musa Saiki
- University of Maryland Baltimore, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ifeanyi Okudo
- World Health Organization, Nigeria Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Dorathy Nwodo
- National Primary Healthcare Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Elsie Ilori
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Plot 800 Ebitu Ukiwe Street Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nwando Mba
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Plot 800 Ebitu Ukiwe Street Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Chikwe Ihekweazu
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Plot 800 Ebitu Ukiwe Street Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria
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Wang L, Wan G, Shen Y, Zhao Z, Lin L, Zhang W, Song R, Tian D, Wen J, Zhao Y, Yu X, Liu L, Feng Y, Liu Y, Qiang C, Duan J, Ma Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen C, Ge Z, Li X, Chen Z, Fan T, Li W. A nomogram to predict mortality in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome at the early stage-A multicenter study in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007829. [PMID: 31765414 PMCID: PMC6934327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) caused by the SFTS virus is an emerging infectious disease that was first identified in the rural areas of China in 2011. Severe cases often result in death due to multiple organ failure. To date, there are still numerous problems remain unresolved in SFTS, including unclear pathogenesis, lack of specific treatment, and no effective vaccines available. Aim To analyze the clinical information of patients with early-stage SFTS and to establish a nomogram for the mortality risk. Methods Between April 2011 and December 2018, data on consecutive patients who were diagnosed with SFTS were prospectively collected from five medical centers distributed in central and northeastern China. Multivariable Cox analyses were used to identify the factors independently associated with mortality. A nomogram for mortality was established using those factors. Results During the study period, 429 consecutive patients were diagnosed with SFTS at the early stage of the disease (within 7 days of fever), among whom 69 (16.1%) died within 28 days. The multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that low lymphocyte percentage, early-stage encephalopathy, and elevated concentration of serum LDH and BUN were independent risk factors for fatal outcomes. Received-operating characteristic curves for 7-, 14-, and 28-days survival had AUCs of 0.944 (95% CI: 0.920–0.968), 0.924 (95% CI: 0.896–0.953), and 0.924 (95% CI: 0.895–0.952), respectively. Among low-risk patients, 6 patients died (2.2%). Among moderate-risk patients, 25 patients died (24.0%, hazard ratio (HR) = 11.957). Among high-risk patients, the mortality rate was 69.1% (HR = 57.768). Conclusion We established a simple and practical clinical scoring system, through which we can identify critically ill patients and provide intensive medical intervention for patients as soon as possible to reduce mortality. We established a SFTS nomogram scoring system, which is the first nomogram for this disease. According to this nomogram, patients were divided into three levels of mortality risk: low, moderate, and high. This scoring system is helpful to identify critically ill patients, allowing for early intervention and intensive care, which may contribute to reducing the mortality of SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wan
- Statistics Room, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong, China
| | - Zhenghua Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yantai City Hospital for Infectious Disease, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Song
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Tian
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Dandong Infectious Disease Hospital, Dandong, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yang Feng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Yuanni Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yantai City Hospital for Infectious Disease, Yantai, China
| | - Chunqian Qiang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Yantai City Hospital for Infectious Disease, Yantai, China
| | - Jianping Duan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qing Dao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanli Ma
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qing Dao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Graduate School of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziruo Ge
- Graduate School of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- Center of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianli Fan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qing Dao No. 6 People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Li
- Interventional Therapy Oncology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Guo WP, Wang YH, Lu Q, Xu G, Luo Y, Ni X, Zhou EM. Molecular detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae in hard ticks, northern China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1587-1596. [PMID: 30920159 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae are important causative agents of (re)emerging tick-borne infectious diseases in humans, and ticks play a key role in their maintenance and transmission. In this study, hard ticks were collected from five sampling sites in North China in 2017 and 2018. Of them, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Rhipicephalus microplus and Dermacentor nuttalli were collected from livestock (sheep and goats) and the vegetation, Hyalomma asiaticum from sheep, goats and camels, and Hyalomma marginatum from sheep and goats. The SFG rickettsiae were identified in these ticks by amplifying the partial rrs and complete 17-kDa genes, with an overall infection rate of 52.9%. In addition, the nearly full-length rrs and gltA and partial ompA genes were recovered to classify the species of SFG rickettsiae further. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of three human pathogenic species in Hy. asiaticum, Hy. marginatum, Ha. longicornis and De. nuttalli, including two cultured ones (Rickettsia raoultii and Rickettsia aeschlimannii) and one uncultured (Candidatus R. jingxinensis). Furthermore, partial groEL gene was also obtained, and phylogenetic trees were also reconstructed to better understand the genetic relationship with known sequences in each SFG rickettsiae species detected in the current study. Notably, the R. aeschlimannii sequences described in this study were closely related to those from abroad rather than from another part of China, indicating their different origin. However, the R. raoultii and Ca. R. jingxinensis sequences presented close relationship with variants from other parts of China. In sum, our data revealed SFG rickettsiae species in northern China, highlighting the need for surveillance of their infection in local humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Guo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi-Han Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qizhong Lu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhang Luo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuebing Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Guo WP, Huang B, Zhao Q, Xu G, Liu B, Wang YH, Zhou EM. Human-pathogenic Anaplasma spp., and Rickettsia spp. in animals in Xi'an, China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006916. [PMID: 30419024 PMCID: PMC6258427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, thirteen species of tick-borne rickettsiales bacteria pathogenic to human have been reported in ticks and host animals, and human patients caused by them also has been identified. However, investigation for rickettsiales bacteria circulating in Xi'an wasn't performed although diseases resembling human diseases caused by these organisms have been found. In this study, domestic animals and ticks in Xi'an, China, were tested for the presence of rickettsiales bacteria pathogenic to humans. Besides A. ovis, a high prevalence of A. capra was observed suggesting a high public health risk exists. In addition, two novel Anaplasma species closely related to A. phagocytophilum were identified and formed distinct lineages in the phylogenetic trees, with more than 98.3% identities for rrs gene, while divergences up to 20.2% and 37.0% for groEL and gltA genes, respectively. Both of these two novel Anaplasma species were found to circulate in goats and further assessment of their pathogenicity is needed. Ca. R. jingxinensis, with potential pathogenicity, was also detected in H. longicomis ticks with high prevalence. However, other causative agents were not identified although they were distributed in other areas of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Guo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baicheng Huang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baoyuan Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi-Han Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - En-Min Zhou
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Wang W, Yu B, Lin XD, Kong DG, Wang J, Tian JH, Li MH, Holmes EC, Zhang YZ. Reemergence and Autochthonous Transmission of Dengue Virus, Eastern China, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:1670-3. [PMID: 26292098 PMCID: PMC4550164 DOI: 10.3201/eid2109.150622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2014, 20 dengue cases were reported in the cities of Wenzhou (5 cases) and Wuhan (15 cases), China, where dengue has rarely been reported. Dengue virus 1 was detected in 4 patients. Although most of these cases were likely imported, epidemiologic analysis provided evidence for autochthonous transmission.
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8
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Racsa LD, Kraft CS, Olinger GG, Hensley LE. Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Diagnostics. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 62:214-9. [PMID: 26354968 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are 4 families of viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF), including Filoviridae. Ebola virus is one virus within the family Filoviridae and the cause of the current outbreak of VHF in West Africa. VHF-endemic areas are found throughout the world, yet traditional diagnosis of VHF has been performed in large reference laboratories centered in Europe and the United States. The large amount of capital needed, as well as highly trained and skilled personnel, has limited the availability of diagnostics in endemic areas except in conjunction with governmental and nongovernmental entities. However, rapid diagnosis of VHF is essential to efforts that will limit outbreaks. In addition, increased global travel suggests VHF diagnoses may be made outside of the endemic areas. Thus, understanding how to diagnose VHF is imperative for laboratories worldwide. This article reviews traditional and current diagnostic modalities for VHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori D Racsa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Colleen S Kraft
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gene G Olinger
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Integrated Research Facility, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Lisa E Hensley
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Integrated Research Facility, Frederick, Maryland
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