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Xiao Q, Zhai L, Zhang X, Liu Y, Li J, Xie X, Xu G, He S, Fu H, Tang Y, Zhang F, Liu Y. How can we establish animal models of HIV-associated lymphoma? Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:484-496. [PMID: 38567763 PMCID: PMC11369037 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is strongly associated with a heightened incidence of lymphomas. To mirror the natural course of human HIV infection, animal models have been developed. These models serve as valuable tools to investigate disease pathobiology, assess antiretroviral and immunomodulatory drugs, explore viral reservoirs, and develop eradication strategies. However, there are currently no validated in vivo models of HIV-associated lymphoma (HAL), hampering progress in this crucial domain, and scant attention has been given to developing animal models dedicated to studying HAL, despite their pivotal role in advancing knowledge. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing animal models of HAL, which may enhance our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis and approaches for malignancies linked to HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Liuyue Zhai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Yi Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Jun Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Xiaoqing Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Guofa Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Sanxiu He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Huihui Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Yifeng Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Fujie Zhang
- Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yao Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
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2
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Lan J, Wang Y, Yue S, Xu D, Li Y, Peng X, Hu J, Ju E, He S, Li T. Targeting FoxO proteins induces lytic reactivation of KSHV for treating herpesviral primary effusion lymphoma. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011581. [PMID: 37594999 PMCID: PMC10468091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic virus consisting of both latent and lytic life cycles. Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an aggressive B-cell lineage lymphoma, dominantly latently infected by KSHV. The latent infection of KSHV is persistent and poses an obstacle to killing tumor cells. Like the "shock and kill" strategy designed to eliminate latent HIV reservoir, methods that induce viral lytic reactivation in tumor latently infected by viruses represent a unique antineoplastic strategy, as it could potentially increase the specificity of cytotoxicity in cancer. Inspired by this conception, we proposed that the induction of KSHV lytic reactivation from latency could be a potential therapeutic stratagem for KSHV-associated cancers. Oxidative stress, the clinical hallmark of PEL, is one of the most prominent inducers for KSHV reactivation. Paradoxically, we found that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) triggers robust cytotoxic effects on KSHV-negative rather than KSHV-positive B lymphoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we identified forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) and FoxO3 as irrevocable antioxidant defense genes and both of them are upregulated by KSHV latent infection, which is essential for the promoted ROS scavenging in KSHV-positive B lymphoma cells. Pharmacological inhibition or functional knockdown of either FoxO1 or FoxO3 is sufficient to ablate the antioxidant ability and therefore increases the intracellular ROS level that further reverses KSHV from latency to active lytic replication in PEL cells, resulting in tremendous cell death both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the elevated level of ROS by inhibiting FoxO proteins further sensitizes PEL cells to ROS-induced apoptosis. Our study therefore demonstrated that the lytic reactivation of KSHV by inhibiting FoxO proteins is a promising therapeutic approach for PEL, which could be further extended to other virus-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yeqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shusheng Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Duo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yinan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Enguo Ju
- Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanping He
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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3
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Vo MT, Choi CY, Choi YB. The mitophagy receptor NIX induces vIRF-1 oligomerization and interaction with GABARAPL1 for the promotion of HHV-8 reactivation-induced mitophagy. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011548. [PMID: 37459327 PMCID: PMC10374065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, viruses have been shown to regulate selective autophagy for productive infections. For instance, human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), activates selective autophagy of mitochondria, termed mitophagy, thereby inhibiting antiviral innate immune responses during lytic infection in host cells. We previously demonstrated that HHV-8 viral interferon regulatory factor 1 (vIRF-1) plays a crucial role in lytic replication-activated mitophagy by interacting with cellular mitophagic proteins, including NIX and TUFM. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which these interactions lead to mitophagy activation remain to be determined. Here, we show that vIRF-1 binds directly to mammalian autophagy-related gene 8 (ATG8) proteins, preferentially GABARAPL1 in infected cells, in an LC3-interacting region (LIR)-independent manner. Accordingly, we identified key residues in vIRF-1 and GABARAPL1 required for mutual interaction and demonstrated that the interaction is essential for mitophagy activation and HHV-8 productive replication. Interestingly, the mitophagy receptor NIX promotes vIRF-1-GABARAPL1 interaction, and NIX/vIRF-1-induced mitophagy is significantly inhibited in GABARAPL1-deficient cells. Moreover, a vIRF-1 variant defective in GABARAPL1 binding substantially loses the ability to induce vIRF-1/NIX-induced mitophagy. These results suggest that NIX supports vIRF-1 activity as a mitophagy mediator. In addition, we found that NIX promotes vIRF-1 aggregation and stabilizes aggregated vIRF-1. Together, these findings indicate that vIRF-1 plays a role as a viral mitophagy mediator that can be activated by a cellular mitophagy receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Tram Vo
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chang-Yong Choi
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Young Bong Choi
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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4
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Mohanty S, Kumar A, Das P, Sahu SK, Mukherjee R, Ramachandranpillai R, Nair SS, Choudhuri T. Nm23-H1 induces apoptosis in primary effusion lymphoma cells via inhibition of NF-κB signaling through interaction with oncogenic latent protein vFLIP K13 of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:967-989. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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5
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Shimoda M, Lyu Y, Wang KH, Kumar A, Miura H, Meckler JF, Davis RR, Chantarasrivong C, Izumiya C, Tepper CG, Nakajima KI, Tuscano J, Barisone G, Izumiya Y. KSHV transactivator-derived small peptide traps coactivators to attenuate MYC and inhibits leukemia and lymphoma cell growth. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1330. [PMID: 34857874 PMCID: PMC8639922 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In herpesvirus replicating cells, host cell gene transcription is frequently down-regulated because important transcriptional apparatuses are appropriated by viral transcription factors. Here, we show a small peptide derived from the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus transactivator (K-Rta) sequence, which attenuates cellular MYC expression, reduces cell proliferation, and selectively kills cancer cell lines in both tissue culture and a xenograft tumor mouse model. Mechanistically, the peptide functions as a decoy to block the recruitment of coactivator complexes consisting of Nuclear receptor coactivator 2 (NCOA2), p300, and SWI/SNF proteins to the MYC promoter in primary effusion lymphoma cells. Thiol(SH)-linked alkylation for the metabolic sequencing of RNA (SLAM seq) with target-transcriptional analyses further confirm that the viral peptide directly attenuates MYC and MYC-target gene expression. This study thus provides a unique tool to control MYC activation, which may be used as a therapeutic payload to treat MYC-dependent diseases such as cancers and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Shimoda
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis (UC Davis), Sacramento, CA, USA.
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Yuanzhi Lyu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis (UC Davis), Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kang-Hsin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis (UC Davis), Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis (UC Davis), Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis (UC Davis), Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joshua F Meckler
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ryan R Davis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Chie Izumiya
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis (UC Davis), Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Clifford G Tepper
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis (UC Davis), Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Tuscano
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Gustavo Barisone
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Izumiya
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis (UC Davis), Sacramento, CA, USA.
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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6
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Nishimori T, Higuchi T, Hashida Y, Ujihara T, Taniguchi A, Ogasawara F, Kitamura N, Murakami I, Kojima K, Daibata M. Development of a novel cell line-derived xenograft model of primary herpesvirus 8-unrelated effusion large B-cell lymphoma and antitumor activity of birabresib in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Med 2021; 10:8976-8987. [PMID: 34821060 PMCID: PMC8683535 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)-unrelated effusion large B-cell lymphoma is a clinical disease entity distinct from HHV8-positive primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). However, the lack of experimental HHV8-unrelated effusion large B-cell lymphoma models continues to hinder the pathophysiologic and therapeutic investigations of this disorder. METHODS The lymphoma cells were obtained from the pleural effusion of a patient with primary HHV8-unrelated effusion large B-cell lymphoma and cultured in vitro. RESULTS We established a novel HHV8-unrelated effusion large B-cell lymphoma cell line, designated Pell-1, carrying a c-MYC rearrangement with features distinct from those of HHV8-positive PEL. Moreover, we developed an HHV8-unrelated effusion large B-cell lymphoma cell line-derived xenograft model. Pell-1 cells induced profuse lymphomatous ascites and subsequently formed intra-abdominal tumors after intraperitoneal implantation into irradiated nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice. Thus, this xenograft mouse model mimicked the clinical phenomena observed in patients and recapitulated the sequential stages of aggressive HHV8-unrelated effusion large B-cell lymphoma. The bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitors JQ1 and birabresib (MK-8628/OTX015) reduced the proliferation of Pell-1 cells in vitro through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The antitumor effect of BET inhibition was also demonstrated in vivo, as birabresib significantly reduced ascites and suppressed tumor progression without apparent adverse effects in the xenografted mice. CONCLUSION These preclinical findings suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting c-MYC through BET inhibition in HHV8-unrelated effusion large B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nishimori
- Department of Microbiology and InfectionKochi Medical SchoolKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
| | - Tomonori Higuchi
- Department of Microbiology and InfectionKochi Medical SchoolKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
| | - Yumiko Hashida
- Department of Microbiology and InfectionKochi Medical SchoolKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
| | - Takako Ujihara
- Department of Microbiology and InfectionKochi Medical SchoolKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
- Science Research CenterKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
| | - Ayuko Taniguchi
- Department of Microbiology and InfectionKochi Medical SchoolKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
- Department of HematologyKochi Medical SchoolKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
| | - Fumiya Ogasawara
- Department of Microbiology and InfectionKochi Medical SchoolKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
- Department of HematologyKochi Medical SchoolKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
| | - Naoya Kitamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryKochi Medical SchoolKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
| | - Ichiro Murakami
- Department of PathologyKochi Medical SchoolKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
| | - Kensuke Kojima
- Department of HematologyKochi Medical SchoolKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
| | - Masanori Daibata
- Department of Microbiology and InfectionKochi Medical SchoolKochi UniversityNankokuJapan
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7
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Herpesvirus Regulation of Selective Autophagy. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050820. [PMID: 34062931 PMCID: PMC8147283 DOI: 10.3390/v13050820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective autophagy has emerged as a key mechanism of quality and quantity control responsible for the autophagic degradation of specific subcellular organelles and materials. In addition, a specific type of selective autophagy (xenophagy) is also activated as a line of defense against invading intracellular pathogens, such as viruses. However, viruses have evolved strategies to counteract the host’s antiviral defense and even to activate some proviral types of selective autophagy, such as mitophagy, for their successful infection and replication. This review discusses the current knowledge on the regulation of selective autophagy by human herpesviruses.
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8
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Alam MM, Kariya R, Boonnate P, Kawaguchi A, Okada S. Induction of apoptosis by Shikonin through ROS-mediated intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in primary effusion lymphoma. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101006. [PMID: 33401054 PMCID: PMC7785961 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Shikonin (SHK) induced apoptosis in Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). SHK treatment rabidly generated ROS and activated JNK and p38. SHK inhibited ascites formation in xenograft mice.
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an incurable non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and novel biology-based treatments are urgently needed in clinical settings. Shikonin (SHK), a napthoquinone derivative, has been used for the treatment of solid tumors. Here, we report that SHK is an effective agent for the treatment of PEL. Treatment with SHK results in significant reduction of proliferation in PEL cells and their rapid apoptosis in vitro. SHK-induced apoptosis of PEL cells is accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), an activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, as well as caspase-3, -8, and -9. Scavenging of ROS in the presence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) almost blocks the loss of mitochondrial membrane Δψm, activation of JNK, cleavage of caspase-3, -9, and an induction of apoptosis in SHK treated PEL cells. SP600125, a specific inhibitor of JNK, also rescues a proportion of cells from the apoptotic effect of SHK. In addition, inhibition of caspase activation in the presence of pan-caspase inhibitor, Q-VD-OPh, blocks the SHK-inducing apoptosis, but doesn't completely inhibit SHK-mediated JNK activation. Therefore, ROS is an upstream trigger of SHK-induced caspase dependent apoptosis of PEL cells through disruption of mitochondrial membrane Δψm in an intrinsic pathway and an activation of JNK in an extrinsic pathway. In a PEL xenografted mouse model, SHK treatment suppresses PEL-mediated ascites formation without showing any significant adverse toxicity. These results suggested that SHK could be a potent anti-tumor agent for the treatment of PEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Masud Alam
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Piyanard Boonnate
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Azusa Kawaguchi
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
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9
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Chen J, Goyal N, Dai L, Lin Z, Del Valle L, Zabaleta J, Liu J, Post SR, Foroozesh M, Qin Z. Developing new ceramide analogs and identifying novel sphingolipid-controlled genes against a virus-associated lymphoma. Blood 2020; 136:2175-2187. [PMID: 32518949 PMCID: PMC7645984 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis even under chemotherapy. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), one of the human oncogenic viruses, is the principal causative agent. Currently, there is no specific treatment for PEL; therefore, developing new therapies is of great importance. Sphingolipid metabolism plays an important role in determining the fate of tumor cells. Our previous studies have demonstrated that there is a correlation between sphingolipid metabolism and KSHV+ tumor cell survival. To further develop sphingolipid metabolism-targeted therapy, after screening a series of newly synthesized ceramide analogs, here, we have identified compounds with effective anti-PEL activity. These compounds induce significant PEL apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, and intracellular ceramide production through regulation of ceramide synthesizing or ceramide metabolizing enzymes and dramatically suppress tumor progression without visible toxicity in vivo. These new compounds also increase viral lytic gene expression in PEL cells. Our comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed their mechanisms of action for inducing PEL cell death and identified a subset of novel cellular genes, including AURKA and CDCA3, controlled by sphingolipid metabolism, and required for PEL survival with functional validation. These data provide the framework for the development of promising sphingolipid-based therapies against this virus-associated malignancy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Aurora Kinase A/genetics
- Aurora Kinase A/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Survival
- Ceramides/chemistry
- Ceramides/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/pathogenicity
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Primary Effusion/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Primary Effusion/etiology
- Lymphoma, Primary Effusion/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Primary Effusion/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/complications
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/virology
- Sphingolipids/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Virus Replication
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Navneet Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA
| | - Lu Dai
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA; and
| | - Jiawang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Steven R Post
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Maryam Foroozesh
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
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10
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Dai L, Lin Z, Qiao J, Chen Y, Flemington EK, Qin Z. Ribonucleotide reductase represents a novel therapeutic target in primary effusion lymphoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:5068-5074. [PMID: 28459467 PMCID: PMC5578886 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a highly aggressive B-cell malignancy that is closely associated with one of oncogenic viruses infection, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). PEL prognosis is poor and patients barely survive more than 6 months even following active chemotherapy interventions. There is therefore an urgent need to discover more effective targets for PEL management. We recently found that the ribonucleotide reductase (RR) subunit M2 is potentially regulated by the key oncogenic HGF/c-MET pathway in PEL (Dai et al., Blood. 2015;126(26):2821-31). In the current study, we set to investigate the role of RR in PEL pathogenesis and to evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target. We report that the RR inhibitor 3-AP actively induces PEL cell cycle arrest through inhibiting the activity of the NF-κB pathway. Using a xenograft model, we found that 3-AP effectively suppresses PEL progression in immunodeficient mice. Transcriptome analysis of 3-AP treated PEL cell lines reveals altered cellular genes, most of whose roles in PEL have not yet been reported. Taken together, we propose that RR and its signaling pathway may serve as novel actionable targets for PEL management.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Z Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - J Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - E K Flemington
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Z Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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11
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Dai L, Qiao J, Nguyen D, Struckhoff AP, Doyle L, Bonstaff K, Del Valle L, Parsons C, Toole BP, Renne R, Qin Z. Role of heme oxygenase-1 in the pathogenesis and tumorigenicity of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Oncotarget 2016; 7:10459-71. [PMID: 26859574 PMCID: PMC4891132 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of several malignancies, including Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS), which preferentially arise in immunocompromised patients such as HIV+ subpopulation and lack effective therapeutic options. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been reported as an important regulator of endothelial cell cycle control, proliferation and angiogenesis. HO-1 has also been found to be highly expressed in KSHV-infected endothelial cells and oral AIDS-KS lesions. We previously demonstrate that the multifunctional glycoprotein CD147 is required for KSHV/LANA-induced endothelial cell invasiveness. During the identification of CD147 controlled downstream genes by microarray analysis, we found that the expression of HO-1 is significantly elevated in both CD147-overexpressing and KSHV-infected HUVEC cells when compared to control cells. In the current study, we further identify the regulation of HO-1 expression and mediated cellular functions by both CD147 and KSHV-encoded LANA proteins. Targeting HO-1 by either RNAi or the chemical inhibitor, SnPP, effectively induces cell death of KSHV-infected endothelial cells (the major cellular components of KS) through DNA damage and necrosis process. By using a KS-like nude mouse model, we found that SnPP treatment significantly suppressed KSHV-induced tumorigenesis in vivo. Taken together, our data demonstrate the important role of HO-1 in the pathogenesis and tumorigenesis of KSHV-infected endothelial cells, the underlying regulatory mechanisms for HO-1 expression and targeting HO-1 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy against KSHV-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jing Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - David Nguyen
- William Carey University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Amanda P Struckhoff
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lisa Doyle
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Karlie Bonstaff
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Luis Del Valle
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chris Parsons
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bryan P Toole
- Department of Regenerative Medicine & Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina and Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rolf Renne
- Department of Molecular Genetics Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Departments of Microbiology/Immunology/Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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12
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Dai L, Trillo-Tinoco J, Chen Y, Bonstaff K, Del Valle L, Parsons C, Ochoa AC, Zabaleta J, Toole BP, Qin Z. CD147 and downstream ADAMTSs promote the tumorigenicity of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infected endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3806-18. [PMID: 26675551 PMCID: PMC4826171 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of several human cancers, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), which preferentially arise in immunocompromised patients and lack effective therapeutic options. We have previously shown that KSHV or viral protein LANA up-regulates the glycoprotein CD147, thereby inducing primary endothelial cell invasiveness. In the current study, we identify the global network controlled by CD147 in KSHV-infected endothelial cells using Illumina microarray analysis. Among downstream genes, two specific metalloproteases, ADAMTS1 and 9, are strongly expressed in AIDS-KS tissues and contribute to KSHV-infected endothelial cell invasiveness through up-regulation of IL-6 and VEGF. By using a KS-like nude mouse model, we found that targeting CD147 and downstream ADAMTSs significantly suppressed KSHV-induced tumorigenesis in vivo. Taken together, targeting CD147 and associated proteins may represent a promising therapeutic strategy against these KSHV-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jimena Trillo-Tinoco
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yihan Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Karlie Bonstaff
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Luis Del Valle
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chris Parsons
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Augusto C Ochoa
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Bryan P Toole
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina and Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Departments of Microbiology/Immunology/Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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13
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A role for MALT1 activity in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus latency and growth of primary effusion lymphoma. Leukemia 2016; 31:614-624. [PMID: 27538487 PMCID: PMC5339436 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an incurable malignancy that develops in immunodeficient patients as a consequence of latent infection of B-cells with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV). Malignant growth of KSHV-infected B cells requires the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB, which controls maintenance of viral latency and suppression of the viral lytic program. Here we show that the KSHV proteins K13 and K15 promote NF-κB activation via the protease mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein-1 (MALT1), a key driver of NF-κB activation in lymphocytes. Inhibition of the MALT1 protease activity induced a switch from the latent to the lytic stage of viral infection, and led to reduced growth and survival of PEL cell lines in vitro and in a xenograft model. These results demonstrate a key role for the proteolytic activity of MALT1 in PEL, and provide a rationale for the pharmacological targeting of MALT1 in PEL therapy.
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14
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Dai L, Trillo-Tinoco J, Bai A, Chen Y, Bielawski J, Del Valle L, Smith CD, Ochoa AC, Qin Z, Parsons C. Ceramides promote apoptosis for virus-infected lymphoma cells through induction of ceramide synthases and viral lytic gene expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:24246-60. [PMID: 26327294 PMCID: PMC4695183 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent for several human cancers including primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a rapidly progressive malignancy arising preferentially in immunocompromised patients. With conventional chemotherapy, PEL continues to portend high mortality, dictating the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) represents a key gatekeeper for sphingolipid metabolism, responsible for conversion of ceramides to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). We have previously demonstrated that targeting SphK2 using a novel selective inhibitor, ABC294640, leads to intracellular accumulation of ceramides and induces apoptosis for KSHV-infected PEL cells, while suppressing tumor progression in vivo. In the current study, we sought to determine whether specific ceramide/dh-ceramide species and related ceramide synthases (CerS) impact viability for KSHV-infected PEL cells during targeting of SphK2. We found that several specific ceramide and dihydro(dh)-ceramide species and their associated CerS reduce PEL survival and tumor expansion in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that dhC16-Cer induces PEL apoptosis in part through activation of KSHV lytic gene expression. These data further implicate bioactive sphingolipids in regulation of PEL survival, and provide justification for future studies evaluating clinically relevant ceramide analogs or mimetics for their potential as therapeutic agents for PEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jimena Trillo-Tinoco
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Aiping Bai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yihan Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jacek Bielawski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Luis Del Valle
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Charles D Smith
- Department of Drug Discovery/Biomedical Sciences, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Augusto C Ochoa
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Microbiology/Immunology/Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chris Parsons
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology/Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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15
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Dai L, Cao Y, Chen Y, Kaleeba JAR, Zabaleta J, Qin Z. Genomic analysis of xCT-mediated regulatory network: Identification of novel targets against AIDS-associated lymphoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12710-22. [PMID: 25860939 PMCID: PMC4494968 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a rapidly progressing malignancy mostly arising in HIV-infected patients. Even under conventional chemotherapy, PEL continues to portend nearly 100% mortality within several months, which urgently requires novel therapeutic strategies. We have previously demonstrated that targeting xCT, an amino acid transporter for cystine/glutamate exchange, induces significant PEL cell apoptosis through regulation of multiple host and viral factors. More importantly, one of xCT selective inhibitors, Sulfasalazine (SASP), effectively prevents PEL tumor progression in an immune-deficient xenograft model. In the current study, we use Illumina microarray to explore the profile of genes altered by SASP treatment within 3 KSHV+ PEL cell-lines, and discover that many genes involved in oxidative stress/antioxidant defense system, apoptosis/anti-apoptosis/cell death, and cellular response to unfolded proteins/topologically incorrect proteins are potentially regulated by xCT. We further validate 2 downstream candidates, OSGIN1 (oxidative stress-induced growth inhibitor 1) and XRCC5 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5), and evaluate their functional relationship with PEL cell survival/proliferation and chemoresistance, respectively. Together, our data indicate that targeting these novel xCT-regulated downstream genes may represent a promising new therapeutic strategy against PEL and/or other AIDS-related lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of The Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yueyu Cao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of The Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of The Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Johnan A R Kaleeba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of The Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of The Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Microbiology/Immunology/Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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16
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Dai L, Trillo-Tinoco J, Cao Y, Bonstaff K, Doyle L, Del Valle L, Whitby D, Parsons C, Reiss K, Zabaleta J, Qin Z. Targeting HGF/c-MET induces cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and apoptosis for primary effusion lymphoma. Blood 2015; 126:2821-31. [PMID: 26531163 PMCID: PMC4692142 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-07-658823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a principal causative agent of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) with a poor prognosis in immunocompromised patients. However, it still lacks effective treatment which urgently requires the identification of novel therapeutic targets for PEL. Here, we report that the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway is highly activated by KSHV in vitro and in vivo. The selective c-MET inhibitor, PF-2341066, can induce PEL apoptosis through cell cycle arrest and DNA damage, and suppress tumor progression in a xenograft murine model. By using microarray analysis, we identify many novel genes that are potentially controlled by HGF/c-MET within PEL cells. One of the downstream candidates, ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 (RRM2), also displays the promising therapeutic value for PEL treatment. Our findings provide the framework for development of HGF/c-MET-focused therapy and implementation of clinical trials for PEL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA; Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Medicine and
| | - Jimena Trillo-Tinoco
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Yueyu Cao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Luis Del Valle
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD; and
| | | | | | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA; Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Avey D, Brewers B, Zhu F. Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis. Virol Sin 2015; 30:130-45. [PMID: 25924994 PMCID: PMC8200917 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-015-3595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Avey
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306 USA
| | - Brittany Brewers
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306 USA
| | - Fanxiu Zhu
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306 USA
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18
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Dai L, Noverr MC, Parsons C, Kaleeba JAR, Qin Z. xCT, not just an amino-acid transporter: a multi-functional regulator of microbial infection and associated diseases. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:120. [PMID: 25745420 PMCID: PMC4333839 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of xCT, a component of the xc– amino-acid transporter, is essential for the uptake of cystine required for intracellular glutathione (GSH) synthesis and maintenance of the intracellular redox balance. Therefore, xCT plays an important role not only in the survival of somatic and immune cells, but also in other aspects of tumorigenesis, including the growth and malignant progression of cancer cells, resistance to anticancer drugs, and protection of normal cells against oxidative damage induced by carcinogens. xCT also functions as a factor required for infection by Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the causative agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and other lymphoproliferative diseases associated with HIV/AIDS. In spite of these advances, our understanding of the role of xCT in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases is still limited. Therefore, this review will summarize recent findings about the functions of xCT in diseases associated with microbial (bacterial or viral) infections, in particular KSHV-associated malignancies. We will also discuss the remaining questions, future directions, as well as evidence that supports the potential benefits of exploring system xc– as a target for prevention and clinical management of microbial diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China ; Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center , New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mairi C Noverr
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center , New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chris Parsons
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center , New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Johnan A R Kaleeba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China ; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana Cancer Research Center , New Orleans, LA, USA
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19
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Coen N, Duraffour S, Snoeck R, Andrei G. KSHV targeted therapy: an update on inhibitors of viral lytic replication. Viruses 2014; 6:4731-59. [PMID: 25421895 PMCID: PMC4246246 DOI: 10.3390/v6114731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman’s disease. Since the discovery of KSHV 20 years ago, there is still no standard treatment and the management of virus-associated malignancies remains toxic and incompletely efficacious. As the majority of tumor cells are latently infected with KSHV, currently marketed antivirals that target the virus lytic cycle have shown inconsistent results in clinic. Nevertheless, lytic replication plays a major role in disease progression and virus dissemination. Case reports and retrospective studies have pointed out the benefit of antiviral therapy in the treatment and prevention of KSHV-associated diseases. As a consequence, potent and selective antivirals are needed. This review focuses on the anti-KSHV activity, mode of action and current status of antiviral drugs targeting KSHV lytic cycle. Among these drugs, different subclasses of viral DNA polymerase inhibitors and compounds that do not target the viral DNA polymerase are being discussed. We also cover molecules that target cellular kinases, as well as the potential of new drug targets and animal models for antiviral testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Coen
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sophie Duraffour
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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