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Zeng Z, Zhu Q. Progress and prospects of biomarker-based targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1382183. [PMID: 38947886 PMCID: PMC11211377 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1382183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction cancer represent the leading cause of tumor-related death worldwide. Although advances in immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy have expanded treatment options, they have not significantly altered the prognosis for patients with unresectable or metastatic gastric cancer. A minority of patients, particularly those with PD-L1-positive, HER-2-positive, or MSI-high tumors, may benefit more from immune checkpoint inhibitors and/or HER-2-directed therapies in advanced stages. However, for those lacking specific targets and unique molecular features, conventional chemotherapy remains the only recommended effective and durable regimen. In this review, we summarize the roles of various signaling pathways and further investigate the available targets. Then, the current results of phase II/III clinical trials in advanced gastric cancer, along with the superiorities and limitations of the existing biomarkers, are specifically discussed. Finally, we will offer our insights in precision treatment pattern when encountering the substantial challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Nam S, Lee Y. HIF1A protein expression is correlated with clinical features in gastric cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13736. [PMID: 38877062 PMCID: PMC11178933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the correlation of HIF1A with clinicopathologic characteristics in patients with gastric cancer (GC), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for studies on GC and HIF1A, covering studies published until January 31st, 2022. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for clinical characteristics based on high and low HIF1A protein levels. We used random-effects and fixed-effects meta-analysis methods to determine mean effect sizes of ORs and evaluated publication heterogeneity with τ2, I2, and Q values. Additionally, we generated funnel plots to inspect publication bias. Our meta-analysis included 20 publications with 3416 GC patients to estimate the association between high or low HIF1A expression and clinical characteristics. Positive HIF1A expression was significantly associated with T stage progression (OR: 2.46; 95% CI 1.81-3.36; P < 0.01), TNM stage progression (OR: 2.50; 95% CI 1.61-3.87; P < 0.01), lymph node metastasis (OR: 2.06; 95% CI 1.44-2.94; P < 0.01), undifferentiated status (OR: 1.83; 95% CI 1.45-2.32; P < 0.01), M stage progression (OR: 2.34; 95% CI 1.46-3.77; P < 0.01), Borrmann stage progression (OR: 1.48; 95% CI 1.02-2.15; P = 0.04), larger tumor size (OR: 1.27; 95% CI 1.06-1.52; P < 0.01), vascular invasion (OR: 1.94; 95% CI 1.38-2.72; P < 0.01), and higher vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression (OR: 2.61; 95% CI 1.79-3.80; P < 0.01) in our meta-analysis. GC Patients highly expressing HIF1A protein might be prone to tumor progression, poorly differentiated GC cell types, and a high VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyoon Nam
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, AI Convergence Center for Medical Science, Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 38-13, 3Beon-gil Dokjeom-ro, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeeun Lee
- Department of Genome Medicine and Science, AI Convergence Center for Medical Science, Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 38-13, 3Beon-gil Dokjeom-ro, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
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3
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Liu YT, Mao ZW, Ding Y, Wang WL. Macrophages as Targets in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:780-790. [PMID: 38310642 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with a complex and diverse immunosuppressive microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are an essential component of the tumor immune microenvironment. TAMs typically exist in two primary states: anti-tumor M1 macrophages and protumor M2 macrophages. Remarkably, TAMs possess high plasticity, enabling them to switch between different subtypes or alter their biological functions in response to the tumor microenvironment. Based on research into the biological role of TAMs in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, including HCC, TAMs are emerging as promising targets for novel tumor treatment strategies. In this review, we provide a detailed introduction to the origin and subtypes of TAMs, elucidate their interactions with other cells in the complex tumor microenvironment of HCC, and describe the biological roles, characteristics, and mechanisms of TAMs in the progression of HCC. Furthermore, we furnish an overview of the latest therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Mao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Cancer Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- ZJU-Pujian Research & Development Center of Medical Artificial Intelligence for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Li SH, Li Y, Zhang MJ, An Q, Tao JN, Wang XH. Interaction Between Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha Gene Polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori Infection on Gastric Cancer in a Chinese Tibetan Population. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10776-8. [PMID: 38767822 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the impact of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the HIF1α gene and its interaction with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on susceptibility to gastric cancer (GC).Logistic regression was used to test the relationship between four SNPs of HIF1α gene and the susceptibility of GC. A generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) model was used to assess the HIF1α gene-H. pylori infection interaction.Logistic regression analysis indicated that both the rs11549465-CT genotype and the T allele were associated with an increased risk of GC, adjusted OR (95% CI) were 1.63 (1.09-2.20) (CT vs. CC) and 1.70 (1.13-2.36) (T vs. C), respectively. We also found that both the rs11549467-A allele and rs11549467-GA genotype were associated with an increased risk of GC, and adjusted OR (95% CI) were 2.21 (1.61-2.86) (GA vs. GG), 2.13 (1.65-2.65) (A vs. G), respectively. However, no statistically significant impact of rs2057482 or rs1957757 on risk of GC was found. The GMDR model indicated a statistically significant two-dimensional model combination (including rs11549467 and H. pylori infection). The selected model had testing balanced accuracy of 0.60 and the best cross-validation consistencies of 10/10 (p = 0.0107). Compared with H. pylori infection negative participants with rs11549467-GG genotype, H. pylori positive participants with the rs11549467-GA genotype had the highest GC risk, the OR (95% CI) was 3.04 (1.98-4.12).The rs11549467-A allele and rs11549467-GA genotype was associated with increased GC risk. Additionally, the gene-environment interaction between HIF-1α-rs11549467 and H. pylori infection was also correlated with an increased risk of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, 29 Tongren Road, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, 29 Tongren Road, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Meng-Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, 29 Tongren Road, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, 29 Tongren Road, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Jia-Nan Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, 29 Tongren Road, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Xue-Hong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, 29 Tongren Road, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
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5
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Yildirim HC, Anik H, Ozdemir DA, Ismayilov R, Akyildiz A, Cayiroz K, Ceyhan F, Kavruk O, Guven DC, Ates O, Usubutun A, Arik Z. Effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha expression on survival in patients with metastatic cervical squamous cell carcinoma treated with first-line chemotherapy and bevacizumab. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2024; 24:998-1003. [PMID: 38447002 PMCID: PMC11293214 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2024.10255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses the gap in understanding the prognostic relevance of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) expression in metastatic cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients undergoing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-based therapy. A retrospective multicenter study (n = 34) explored HIF-1 alpha expression via immunohistochemistry in patients treated with platinum chemotherapy and bevacizumab. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly lower in the HIF-1 alpha low score group compared to the high score group (4.9 vs 12.9 months, P = 0.014). Similarly, the median overall survival (OS) was significantly reduced in the HIF-1 alpha low score group (8.3 vs 20.4 months, P = 0.006). This study, the first of its kind, highlights the prognostic significance of HIF-1 alpha expression in metastatic cervical SCC patients treated with bevacizumab-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Cagri Yildirim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hicran Anik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ates Ozdemir
- Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rashad Ismayilov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arif Akyildiz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kerim Cayiroz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fahri Ceyhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oguzalp Kavruk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Can Guven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozturk Ates
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alp Usubutun
- Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zafer Arik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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Pan Y, Liu L, Mou X, Cai Y. Nanomedicine Strategies in Conquering and Utilizing the Cancer Hypoxia Environment. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20875-20924. [PMID: 37871328 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer with a complex pathological process is a major disease to human welfare. Due to the imbalance between oxygen (O2) supply and consumption, hypoxia is a natural characteristic of most solid tumors and an important obstacle for cancer therapy, which is closely related to tumor proliferation, metastasis, and invasion. Various strategies to exploit the feature of tumor hypoxia have been developed in the past decade, which can be used to alleviate tumor hypoxia, or utilize the hypoxia for targeted delivery and diagnostic imaging. The strategies to alleviate tumor hypoxia include delivering O2, in situ O2 generation, reprogramming the tumor vascular system, decreasing O2 consumption, and inhibiting HIF-1 related pathways. On the other side, hypoxia can also be utilized for hypoxia-responsive chemical construction and hypoxia-active prodrug-based strategies. Taking advantage of hypoxia in the tumor region, a number of methods have been applied to identify and keep track of changes in tumor hypoxia. Herein, we thoroughly review the recent progress of nanomedicine strategies in both conquering and utilizing hypoxia to combat cancer and put forward the prospect of emerging nanomaterials for future clinical transformation, which hopes to provide perspectives in nanomaterials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pan
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Longcai Liu
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiaozhou Mou
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
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7
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Ildiz ES, Gvozdenovic A, Kovacs WJ, Aceto N. Travelling under pressure - hypoxia and shear stress in the metastatic journey. Clin Exp Metastasis 2023; 40:375-394. [PMID: 37490147 PMCID: PMC10495280 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell invasion, intravasation and survival in the bloodstream are early steps of the metastatic process, pivotal to enabling the spread of cancer to distant tissues. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a highly selected subpopulation of cancer cells that tamed these critical steps, and a better understanding of their biology and driving molecular principles may facilitate the development of novel tools to prevent metastasis. Here, we describe key research advances in this field, aiming at describing early metastasis-related processes such as collective invasion, shedding, and survival of CTCs in the bloodstream, paying particular attention to microenvironmental factors like hypoxia and mechanical stress, considered as important influencers of the metastatic journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Su Ildiz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Gvozdenovic
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Werner J Kovacs
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland.
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8
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Ozcan G. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in stemness and resistance to chemotherapy in gastric cancer: Future directions for therapeutic targeting. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1082057. [PMID: 36846589 PMCID: PMC9945545 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1082057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a crucial mediator of intra-tumoral heterogeneity, tumor progression, and unresponsiveness to therapy in tumors with hypoxia. Gastric tumors, one of the most aggressive tumors in the clinic, are highly enriched in hypoxic niches, and the degree of hypoxia is strongly correlated with poor survival in gastric cancer patients. Stemness and chemoresistance in gastric cancer are the two root causes of poor patient outcomes. Based on the pivotal role of HIF-1α in stemness and chemoresistance in gastric cancer, the interest in identifying critical molecular targets and strategies for surpassing the action of HIF-1α is expanding. Despite that, the understanding of HIF-1α induced signaling in gastric cancer is far from complete, and the development of efficacious HIF-1α inhibitors bears various challenges. Hence, here we review the molecular mechanisms by which HIF-1α signaling stimulates stemness and chemoresistance in gastric cancer, with the clinical efforts and challenges to translate anti-HIF-1α strategies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnihal Ozcan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkiye,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye,*Correspondence: Gulnihal Ozcan,
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Wei M, Chen A, Zhang J, Ren Y. Novel Oxygen-Dependent Degradable Immunotoxin Regulated by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Reduces Nonspecific Cytotoxicity. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:90-100. [PMID: 36305716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of bacterial toxins as antitumor agents has received considerable attention. Immunotoxins based on antigen recognition of single-chain antibodies have been widely explored for cancer therapy. Despite their impressive killing effect on tumor cells, immunotoxins still display unspecific toxicity with undesired side effects. High levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) are well-known indicators of hypoxia in cancer cells. In this study, different linkers were employed to fuse the immunotoxin DAB389-4D5 scFv (DS) with the oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODDD) of HIF-1α, a domain selectively facilitating the accumulation of HIF-1α under hypoxia, to construct the oxygen-dependent degradable immunotoxin DS-ODDD (DSO). The engineered fusion protein DSO-2 containing a linker (G4S)3 possesses the best killing effect on cancer cells under hypoxia and displayed considerably reduced nonspecific toxicity to normal cells under normoxic conditions. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunoblot analyses demonstrated that DSO-2 was degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway regulated by the oxygen-sensitive mechanism. Western blot analysis indicated that the degradation of DSO-2 significantly decreased the activation of apoptosis-related molecules in normal cells. The engineered immunotoxin with oxygen-sensing properties developed herein is a potential therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Anxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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10
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Lei ZN, Teng QX, Tian Q, Chen W, Xie Y, Wu K, Zeng Q, Zeng L, Pan Y, Chen ZS, He Y. Signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions in gastric cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:358. [PMID: 36209270 PMCID: PMC9547882 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death. Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant improvements in patient survival, the low malignancy stage is relatively asymptomatic and many GC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, which leads to unsatisfactory prognosis and high recurrence rates. With the recent advances in genome analysis, biomarkers have been identified that have clinical importance for GC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Modern molecular classifications have uncovered the vital roles that signaling pathways, including EGFR/HER2, p53, PI3K, immune checkpoint pathways, and cell adhesion signaling molecules, play in GC tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic responsiveness. These biomarkers and molecular classifications open the way for more precise diagnoses and treatments for GC patients. Nevertheless, the relative significance, temporal activation, interaction with GC risk factors, and crosstalk between these signaling pathways in GC are not well understood. Here, we review the regulatory roles of signaling pathways in GC potential biomarkers, and therapeutic targets with an emphasis on recent discoveries. Current therapies, including signaling-based and immunotherapies exploited in the past decade, and the development of treatment for GC, particularly the challenges in developing precision medications, are discussed. These advances provide a direction for the integration of clinical, molecular, and genomic profiles to improve GC diagnosis and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ning Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhao Xie
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Kaiming Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianlin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Leli Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yihang Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Yulong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 518107, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Regulating the Expression of HIF-1α or lncRNA: Potential Directions for Cancer Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182811. [PMID: 36139386 PMCID: PMC9496732 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that tumors under a hypoxic environment can induce an important hypoxia-responsive element, hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α), which can increase tumor migration, invasion, and metastatic ability by promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells. Currently, with the deeper knowledge of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), more and more functions of lncRNAs have been discovered. HIF-1α can regulate hypoxia-responsive lncRNAs under hypoxic conditions, and changes in the expression level of lncRNAs can regulate the production of EMT transcription factors and signaling pathway transduction, thus promoting EMT progress. In conclusion, this review summarizes the regulation of the EMT process by HIF-1α and lncRNAs and discusses their relationship with tumorigenesis. Since HIF-1α plays an important role in tumor progression, we also summarize the current drugs that inhibit tumor progression by modulating HIF-1α.
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12
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The HIF-1α as a Potent Inducer of the Hallmarks in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112711. [PMID: 35681691 PMCID: PMC9179860 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric cancer is one of the most aggressive tumors in the clinic that is resistant to chemotherapy. Gastric tumors are rich in hypoxic niches, and high expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, strategies that target hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling may be highly effective in gastric cancer treatment. However, the precise mechanisms by which hypoxia-inducible factor-1α induces tumor hallmarks in gastric cancer are yet unrevealed. Here, we review the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α as a potent inducer of the cancer hallmarks in gastric cancer to provide a broad perspective and reveal missing links investigating which may offer new strategies to target hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling in gastric cancer. Abstract Hypoxia is the principal architect of the topographic heterogeneity in tumors. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) reinforces all hallmarks of cancer and donates cancer cells with more aggressive characteristics at hypoxic niches. HIF-1α potently induces sustained growth factor signaling, angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and replicative immortality. Hypoxia leads to the selection of cancer cells that evade growth suppressors or apoptotic triggers and deregulates cellular energetics. HIF-1α is also associated with genetic instability, tumor-promoting inflammation, and escape from immunity. Therefore, HIF-1α may be an important therapeutic target in cancer. Despite that, the drug market lacks safe and efficacious anti-HIF-1α molecules, raising the quest for fully unveiling the complex interactome of HIF-1α in cancer to discover more effective strategies. The knowledge gap is even wider in gastric cancer, where the number of studies on hypoxia is relatively low compared to other well-dissected cancers. A comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms by which HIF-1α induces gastric cancer hallmarks could provide a broad perspective to the investigators and reveal missing links to explore in future studies. Thus, here we review the impact of HIF-1α on the cancer hallmarks with a specific focus on gastric cancer.
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13
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Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems to overcome gastric cancer drug resistance. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Szanto I. NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4) in Cancer: Linking Redox Signals to Oncogenic Metabolic Adaptation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052702. [PMID: 35269843 PMCID: PMC8910662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can survive and maintain their high proliferation rate in spite of their hypoxic environment by deploying a variety of adaptative mechanisms, one of them being the reorientation of cellular metabolism. A key aspect of this metabolic rewiring is the promotion of the synthesis of antioxidant molecules in order to counter-balance the hypoxia-related elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and thus combat the onset of cellular oxidative stress. However, opposite to their negative role in the inception of oxidative stress, ROS are also key modulatory components of physiological cellular metabolism. One of the major physiological cellular ROS sources is the NADPH oxidase enzymes (NOX-es). Indeed, NOX-es produce ROS in a tightly regulated manner and control a variety of cellular processes. By contrast, pathologically elevated and unbridled NOX-derived ROS production is linked to diverse cancerogenic processes. In this respect, NOX4, one of the members of the NOX family enzymes, is of particular interest. In fact, NOX4 is closely linked to hypoxia-related signaling and is a regulator of diverse metabolic processes. Furthermore, NOX4 expression and function are altered in a variety of malignancies. The aim of this review is to provide a synopsis of our current knowledge concerning NOX4-related processes in the oncogenic metabolic adaptation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Szanto
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Patient Education, Department of Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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15
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Arjmand MH, Moradi A, Rahimi HR, Es-haghi A, Akbari A, Hadipanah MR, Afshar J, Mehrad-Majd H. Prognostic value of HIF-1α in digestive system malignancies: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2022; 15:108-119. [PMID: 35845307 PMCID: PMC9275741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aim This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association of HIF-1α expression with clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS) of patients with digestive system malignancies. Background Numerous studies have demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is abnormally expressed in various solid tumors. However, the clinicopathological features and prognostic value of HIF-1α expression in patients with digestive system malignancies remain controversial. Methods A literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed to identify all relevant studies published in English until 15 October 2020. The pooled effect was calculated to evaluate the association between HIF-1α expression and clinicopathological features and overall survival in cancer patients. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects model based on between-study heterogeneity. Results A total of 44 eligible studies with 5,964 patients were included. The pooled results indicated a positive association of HIF-1α overexpression with poor overall survival (OS) (HR=1.990, 95% CI: 1.615-2.453, p<0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.084-3.329, p=0.043). Meta-analysis results showed that HIF-1α level expression was significantly associated with positive lymph node metastasis (OR=1.869, 95% CI: 1.488-2.248, p<0.001), distance metastasis (OR=2.604, 95% CI: 1.500-4.519, p<0.001), tumor stage (OR=1.801, 95% CI: 1.437-2.257, p<0.001) and tumor size (OR=1.392. 95% CI: 1.068-1.815, p=0.014). Conclusion This meta-data suggest that HIF-1α expression might serve as an independent prognostic marker and a promising therapeutic target in patients with digestive system malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Hassan Arjmand
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Moradi
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Rahimi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Es-haghi
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hadipanah
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jalil Afshar
- Department of Biochemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Hassan Mehrad-Majd
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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16
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Karas BF, Hotz JM, Gural BM, Terez KR, DiBona VL, Côrte-Real L, Valente A, Buckley BT, Cooper KR. Anticancer Activity and In Vitro to In Vivo Mechanistic Recapitulation of Novel Ruthenium-Based Metallodrugs in the Zebrafish Model. Toxicol Sci 2021; 182:29-43. [PMID: 33822233 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium is popular as a metal core for chemotherapeutics, due to versatile molecular coordination. Because new metallodrugs are synthesized at high rates, our studies included assays in zebrafish to expedite the initial evaluation as anticancer agents. Here we evaluated novel metallodrugs (PMC79 and LCR134), and cisplatin, a widely used platinum-based chemotherapeutic. We hypothesized that this model could characterize anticancer properties and recapitulate previous in vitro results in vivo. Our findings suggest anticancer properties of PMC79 and LCR134 were similar with less toxicity than cisplatin. Exposures from 24 to 72 h at or below the LOAELs of PMC79 and LCR134 (3.9 µM and 13.5 µm, respectively), impaired blood vessel development and tailfin regeneration. Blood vessel examination through live imaging of larvae revealed distinct regional antiangiogenic impacts. The significant decrease in gene expression of the VEGF-HIF pathway and beta-actin could explain the morphological effects observed in the whole organism following exposure. Tailfin amputation in larvae exposed to PMC79 or LCR134 inhibited tissue regrowth and cell division, but did not impact normal cell proliferation unlike cisplatin. This suggests Ru drugs may be more selective in targeting cancerous cells than cisplatin. Additionally, in vitro mechanisms were confirmed. PMC79 disrupted cytoskeleton formation in larvae and P-glycoprotein transporters in vivo was inhibited at low doses which could limit off-target effects of chemotherapeutics. Our results demonstrate the value for using the zebrafish in metallodrug research to evaluate mechanisms and off-target effects. In light of the findings reported in this article, future investigation of PMC79 and LCR134 are warranted in higher vertebrate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany F Karas
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Jordan M Hotz
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA.,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Brian M Gural
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Kristin R Terez
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Victoria L DiBona
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Leonor Côrte-Real
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Andreia Valente
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Brian T Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Keith R Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
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17
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Xu P, Zhang Y, Ge F, Zhang F, He X, Gao X. Modulation of Tumor Microenvironment to Enhance Radiotherapy Efficacy in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Inhibiting Carbonic Anhydrase IX. Front Oncol 2021; 11:637252. [PMID: 34249682 PMCID: PMC8267588 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.637252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The radiotherapy outcomes of patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain poor due to hypoxia. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a membrane-associated enzyme that induces hypoxia, extracellular acidity, and upregulation of hypoxia-related factors in tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting tumor metastasis. CAIX is upregulated in ESCC tissues compared to normal surrounding tissues. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of CAIX inhibition on the modulation of tumor microenvironment and radiotherapy efficacy in ESCC. Higher CAIX expression was correlated with poorer progression-free survival in ESCC patients. Then, the ethyl N-(4-methylphenyl) sulfonylcarbamate (S4) was used to inhibit CAIX expression in ESCC cells and mice xenografts. The pretreatment of ESCC cells with S4 significantly downregulated CAIX expression, decreased intracellular pH, reduced cell viability, resulting in decreased oxygen consumption and more sensitive response to X-ray irradiation. In mice inoculated with ESCC cells, the combination of X-ray irradiation with S4 further improved survival, delayed tumor growth, decreased hypoxia level, exaggerated DNA damage, and increased apoptosis compared with the groups treated solely with S4 or radiotherapy. In conclusion, our study showed that the inhibition of CAIX by S4 treatment altered hypoxic tumor micro-environment, exaggerated DNA damage, increased apoptosis, and thus enhanced radiotherapy efficacy in ESCC. These findings provided a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with resistant ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqin Xu
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Fanghong Ge
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Fuming Zhang
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Xia He
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingya Gao
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Telarovic I, Wenger RH, Pruschy M. Interfering with Tumor Hypoxia for Radiotherapy Optimization. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:197. [PMID: 34154610 PMCID: PMC8215813 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia in solid tumors is an important predictor of treatment resistance and poor clinical outcome. The significance of hypoxia in the development of resistance to radiotherapy has been recognized for decades and the search for hypoxia-targeting, radiosensitizing agents continues. This review summarizes the main hypoxia-related processes relevant for radiotherapy on the subcellular, cellular and tissue level and discusses the significance of hypoxia in radiation oncology, especially with regard to the current shift towards hypofractionated treatment regimens. Furthermore, we discuss the strategies to interfere with hypoxia for radiotherapy optimization, and we highlight novel insights into the molecular pathways involved in hypoxia that might be utilized to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Telarovic
- Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Pruschy
- Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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19
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McAleese CE, Choudhury C, Butcher NJ, Minchin RF. Hypoxia-mediated drug resistance in breast cancers. Cancer Lett 2020; 502:189-199. [PMID: 33278499 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue hypoxia in solid tumors is caused by several pathological changes associated with tumor growth, including altered microvasculature structure, increased diffusional distances, and tumor-associated anemia. As the oxygen tension decreases, tumor cells adapt to the limited oxygen supply. Previous studies have shown that such adaptation leads to an aggressive phenotype that is resistant to many anti-cancer therapies. Induction of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) mediates many proteomic and genomic changes associated with tumor hypoxia. In breast cancers, HIFs not only predict poor prognosis, but also promote metastasis and drug resistance. Several studies have proposed HIF-1α as a druggable target in drug-resistant breast cancers, leading to the synthesis and development of small molecule inhibitors. Disappointingly, however, none of these small molecule inhibitors have progressed to clinical use. In this review, we briefly discuss the role of HIF-1α in breast cancer drug resistance and summarize the current and future approaches to targeting this transcription factor in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E McAleese
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Chandra Choudhury
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Neville J Butcher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Rodney F Minchin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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20
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Metabolic Constrains Rule Metastasis Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092081. [PMID: 32932943 PMCID: PMC7563739 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis formation accounts for the majority of tumor-associated deaths and consists of different steps, each of them being characterized by a distinctive adaptive phenotype of the cancer cells. Metabolic reprogramming represents one of the main adaptive phenotypes exploited by cancer cells during all the main steps of tumor and metastatic progression. In particular, the metabolism of cancer cells evolves profoundly through all the main phases of metastasis formation, namely the metastatic dissemination, the metastatic colonization of distant organs, the metastatic dormancy, and ultimately the outgrowth into macroscopic lesions. However, the metabolic reprogramming of metastasizing cancer cells has only recently become the subject of intense study. From a clinical point of view, the latter steps of the metastatic process are very important, because patients often undergo surgical removal of the primary tumor when cancer cells have already left the primary tumor site, even though distant metastases are not clinically detectable yet. In this scenario, to precisely elucidate if and how metabolic reprogramming drives acquisition of cancer-specific adaptive phenotypes might pave the way to new therapeutic strategies by combining chemotherapy with metabolic drugs for better cancer eradication. In this review we discuss the latest evidence that claim the importance of metabolic adaptation for cancer progression.
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21
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Hapke RY, Haake SM. Hypoxia-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 487:10-20. [PMID: 32470488 PMCID: PMC7336507 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A common feature of many solid tumors is low oxygen conditions due to inadequate blood supply. Hypoxia induces hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) stabilization and downstream signaling. This signaling has pleiotropic roles in cancers, including the promotion of cellular proliferation, changes in metabolism, and induction of angiogenesis. In addition, hypoxia is becoming recognized as an important driver of epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) in cancer. During EMT, epithelial cells lose their typical polarized states and transition to a more mobile mesenchymal phenotype. Hypoxia induces this transition by modulating EMT signaling pathways, inducing EMT transcription factor activity, and regulating miRNA networks. As both hypoxia and EMT modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are associated with immunosuppression, we also explore how these pathways may impact response to immuno-oncology therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott M Haake
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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22
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Yu S, Li Q, Yu Y, Cui Y, Li W, Liu T, Liu F. Activated HIF1α of tumor cells promotes chemoresistance development via recruiting GDF15-producing tumor-associated macrophages in gastric cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1973-1987. [PMID: 32388677 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the preferred treatment for advanced stage gastric cancer (GC) patients, and developing chemoresistance is a tremendous challenge to efficacy of GC treatment. The treatments of anti-tumor chemo-agents recruit more tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) which are highly implicated in the chemoresistance development, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) in GC cells is activated upon 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment and results in much more accumulation of M2-type TAMs which protect tumor cells from chemo-agents. Mechanistically, in the GC cells under the 5-FU treatment, reactive oxygen species is accumulated and then induces the activation of HIF1α signaling to drive the expression of high-mobility group box 1, which leads to more macrophage's infiltration into GC tumor. In turn, the recruited TAMs exhibit tumor-protected M2-type phenotype and promote the chemoresistance of GC cells via producing growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) to exacerbate the fatty acid β-oxidation in tumor cells. Blocking GDF15 using antibody or inhibiting FAO of tumor cells by etomoxir efficiently gave rise to the tumor cell sensitivity to 5-FU. Therefore, our study demonstrates a novel insight in understanding the cross talking between tumor cells and immune microenvironment and provides new therapeutic targets for clinic treatments of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyi Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehong Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fenglin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Ruan T, Liu W, Tao K, Wu C. A Review of Research Progress in Multidrug-Resistance Mechanisms in Gastric Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1797-1807. [PMID: 32184615 PMCID: PMC7053652 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s239336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and it is also one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Because of its insidious symptoms and lack of early dictation screening, many cases of gastric cancer are at late stages which make it more complicated to cure. For these advanced-stage gastric cancers, combination therapy of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and target therapy would bring more benefit to the patients. However, the drug-resistance to the chemotherapy restricts its effect and might lead to treatment failure. In this review article, we discuss the mechanisms which have been found in recent years of drug resistance in gastric cancer. And we also want to find new approaches to counteract chemotherapy resistance and bring more benefits to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chuanqing Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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24
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Li X, Zhu X, Wang Y, Wang R, Wang L, Zhu ML, Zheng L. Prognostic value and association of Lauren classification with VEGF and VEGFR-2 expression in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4891-4899. [PMID: 31611999 PMCID: PMC6781662 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. As anti-angiogenic therapy shows efficacy in the treatment of GC, but only works in certain patients, the identification of potential beneficiaries are urgently required in order to apply appropriate treatments. The Lauren classification demonstrates numerous differences in etiology, epidemiology and pathology; however, the association between Lauren classification and pro-angiogenic factors remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological factors associated with Lauren classification and the prognostic significance of Lauren classification and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) expression in GC. Paraffin-embedded GC tissues and clinical information of 255 patients with GC were collected. The clinicopathological factors associated with Lauren classification were evaluated by Logistic regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were used to examine the prognostic significance of Lauren classification and of VEGF and VEGFR-2 expression in patients with GC. The results demonstrated that there was no association between Lauren classification and VEGF and VEGFR-2 expression. Furthermore, results from survival analysis demonstrated that Lauren classification (P=0.001) and Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage (stage II, P=0.002; stage III, P<0.001) were independent prognostic factors in GC. Following subgroup analysis based on Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage, Lauren classification was demonstrated to be an independent prognostic factor in patients with stage III GC (P=0.010) but not in patients with stage I or II GC. Furthermore, VEGFR-2 overexpression was an independent predictor of survival in intestinal-type GC (P=0.040) but not in diffuse-type GC. Taken together, these results indicate that Lauren classification may serve as an independent prognostic factor for patients with GC. In addition, although the expression of VEGF and VEGFR-2 was not associated with Lauren classification, VEGFR-2 overexpression may be considered as an independent prognostic factor in intestinal-type GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayi Li
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Xueru Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Ruifen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Leizhen Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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25
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Warren TD, Patel K, Eshleman JR, Ostermeier M. Protein-Programmed Accumulation of Yeast Cytosine Deaminase in Cancer Cells in Response to Mock-Hypoxia. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:948-954. [PMID: 30998310 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
One limitation of gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) is the difficulty in selectively and efficiently transducing cancer cells with the gene encoding a prodrug-converting enzyme. To circumvent this issue, we sought to move the selectivity from the gene delivery level to the protein level. We developed fusion proteins of the prodrug-activating enzyme yeast cytosine deaminase (yCD) and the oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODDD) of HIF-1α, a domain that regulates the accumulation of HIF-1α in an oxygen-dependent manner. We called these HOPE fusions for HIF1-α Oxygen-dependent degradation domain/Prodrug-converting Enzyme. The HOPE fusions were designed to selectively accumulate in cells experiencing hypoxia and thus selectively cause conversion of the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to the chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) where oxygen levels are low (e.g., at the center of a tumor). Consistent with our hypothesis, HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells transduced with HOPE fusion genes exhibited increased fusion protein accumulation and increased sensitization to 5-FC in mock-hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiana D. Warren
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Krishna Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | | | - Marc Ostermeier
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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26
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Nagaraju GP, Zakka KM, Landry JC, Shaib WL, Lesinski GB, El-Rayes BF. Inhibition of HSP90 overcomes resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1529-1537. [PMID: 30801702 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to radiotherapy and chemotherapy represents a significant clinical issue. Although the mechanisms of resistance are multi-faceted, client proteins of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) such as hypoxia induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) have a central role in this process. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate inhibition of HSP90 as a therapeutic strategy for radiosensitization in pancreatic cancer. Ganetespib, a selective inhibitor of HSP90, was evaluated as a radio-sensitizer in setting of PDAC. Inhibition of HSP90 by ganetespib potentiated the ability of radiation therapy to limit cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro. HIF-1α expression was upregulated by irradiation and HIF-1α-overexpressing stable cell lines were resistant to radiation. Inhibition of HSP90 with ganetespib reversed the effects of HIF-1α overexpression, by reducing signaling via proliferative, angiogenic and anti-apoptotic pathways. The potentiation of the antitumor effects of chemoradiotherapy by ganetespib and modulation of key pathways (e.g. HIF-1α, STAT3, and AKT) was confirmed in vivo in nude mice bearing HPAC xenograft tumors. These novel data highlight HIF-1α-mediated mechanisms of HSP90 inhibition that sensitize PDAC cells to chemoradiotherapy. This pathway and its pleiotropic effects warrant further evaluation in concert with conventional therapy in pancreatic cancer clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katerina M Zakka
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jerome C Landry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Walid L Shaib
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Bassel F El-Rayes
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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27
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Bernhardt S, Tönsing C, Mitra D, Erdem N, Müller-Decker K, Korf U, Kreutz C, Timmer J, Wiemann S. Functional Proteomics of Breast Cancer Metabolism Identifies GLUL as Responder during Hypoxic Adaptation. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1352-1362. [PMID: 30609375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia as well as metabolism are central hallmarks of cancer, and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and metabolic effectors are crucial elements in oxygen-compromised tumor environments. Knowledge of changes in the expression of metabolic proteins in response to HIF function could provide mechanistic insights into adaptation to hypoxic stress, tumorigenesis, and disease progression. We analyzed time-resolved alterations in metabolism-associated protein levels in response to different oxygen potentials across breast cancer cell lines. Effects on the cellular metabolism of both HIF-dependent and -independent processes were analyzed by reverse-phase protein array profiling and a custom statistical model. We revealed a strong induction of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) as well as reduced glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL) protein levels across all cell lines tested as consistent changes upon hypoxia induction. Low GLUL protein levels were correlated with aggressive molecular subtypes in breast cancer patient data sets and also with hypoxic tumor regions in a xenograft mouse tumor model. Moreover, low GLUL expression was associated with poor survival in breast cancer patients and with high HIF-1α-expressing patient subgroups. Our data reveal time-resolved changes in the regulation of metabolic proteins under oxygen-deprived conditions and elucidate GLUL as a strong responder to HIFs and the hypoxic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Bernhardt
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 580 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Christian Tönsing
- Institute of Physics , University of Freiburg , Hermann-Herder-Str. 3 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Devina Mitra
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 580 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Nese Erdem
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 580 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 234 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Karin Müller-Decker
- DKFZ Tumor Models Core Facility , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ulrike Korf
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 580 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Clemens Kreutz
- Center for Systems Biology (ZBSA) , University of Freiburg , Habsburgerstr. 49 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany.,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies , University of Freiburg , Schänzlestr. 18 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Jens Timmer
- Institute of Physics , University of Freiburg , Hermann-Herder-Str. 3 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany.,Center for Systems Biology (ZBSA) , University of Freiburg , Habsburgerstr. 49 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany.,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies , University of Freiburg , Schänzlestr. 18 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 580 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 234 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
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28
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Mahdi A, Darvishi B, Majidzadeh-A K, Salehi M, Farahmand L. Challenges facing antiangiogenesis therapy: The significant role of hypoxia-inducible factor and MET in development of resistance to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted therapies. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5655-5663. [PMID: 30515806 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is now fully recognized that along with multiple physiological functions, angiogenesis is also involved in the fundamental process and pathobiology of several disorders including cancer. Recent studies have fully established the role of angiogenesis in cancer progression as well as invasion and metastasis. Consequently, many therapeutic agents such as monoclonal antibodies targeting angiogenesis pathway have been introduced in clinic with the hope for improving the outcomes of cancer therapy. Bevacizumab (Avastin®) was the first anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeting monoclonal antibody developed with this purpose and soon received its accelerated US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer in 2008. However, the failure to meet expecting results in different follow-up studies, forced FDA to remove bevacizumab approval for metastatic breast cancer. Investigations have now revealed that while suppressing VEGF pathway initially decreases tumor progression rate and vasculature density, activation of several interrelated pathways and signaling molecules following VEGF blockade compensate the insufficiency of VEGF and initially blocked angiogenesis, explaining in part the failure observed with bevacizumab single therapy. In present review, we introduce some of the main pathways and signaling molecules involved in angiogenesis and then propose how their interconnection may result in development of resistance to bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahdi
- Department of Recombinant Proteins, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrad Darvishi
- Department of Recombinant Proteins, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Department of Recombinant Proteins, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Tasnim Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Salehi
- Department of Recombinant Proteins, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Department of Recombinant Proteins, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Fanelli GN, Gasparini P, Coati I, Cui R, Pakula H, Chowdhury B, Valeri N, Loupakis F, Kupcinskas J, Cappellesso R, Fassan M. LONG-NONCODING RNAs in gastroesophageal cancers. Noncoding RNA Res 2018; 3:195-212. [PMID: 30533569 PMCID: PMC6257886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite continuing improvements in multimodal therapies, gastro-esophageal malignances remain widely prevalent in the population and is characterized by poor overall and disease-free survival rates. Due to the lack of understanding about the pathogenesis and absence of reliable markers, gastro-esophageal cancers are associated with delayed diagnosis. The increasing understanding about cancer's molecular landscape in the recent years, offers the possibility of identifying 'targetable' molecular events and in particular facilitates novel treatment strategies and development of biomarkers for early stage diagnosis. At least 98% of our genome is actively transcribed into non-coding RNAs encompassing long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constituted of transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with no protein-coding capacity. Many studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs are functional genomic elements playing pivotal roles in main oncogenic processes. LncRNA can act at multiple levels developing a complex molecular network that can modulate directly or indirectly the expression of genes involved in tumorigenesis. In this review, we focus on lncRNAs as emerging players in gastro-esophageal carcinogenesis and critically assess their potential as reliable noninvasive biomarkers and in next generation targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, PD, Italy
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pierluigi Gasparini
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Irene Coati
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, PD, Italy
| | - Ri Cui
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hubert Pakula
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Basudev Chowdhury
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, PD, Italy
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rocco Cappellesso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, PD, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, PD, Italy
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30
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Jahangiri A, Dadmanesh M, Ghorban K. Suppression of STAT3 by S31-201 to reduce the production of immunoinhibitory cytokines in a HIF1-α-dependent manner: a study on the MCF-7 cell line. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:743-748. [PMID: 30315441 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) interacts with many gene promoters and transcription factors such as hypoxia-induced factor 1α (HIF-1α). Recent evidences proposed that STAT3 and HIF-1α together are responsible for angiogenesis and immune response suppression. The main aim of this study was to inhibit STAT3 and HIF-1α and assess their effects on the expression of immunosuppressive cytokines. S31-201 and PX-478 were used to inhibit STAT3 and HIF-1α, respectively. In both hypoxic and normoxic conditions, intracellular levels of HIF-1α were evaluated by western blotting and flow cytometry. Supernatant levels were also measured for VEGF, IL-10, and TGF-β concentration. S31-201 suppressed proliferation of MCF-7 cells and led to reduced HIF-1α expression in both hypoxic and normoxic conditions. It also decreased production of the immunosuppressive cytokines. STAT3 inhibition suppressed tumor cell growth and cytokine production in a HIF-1α-dependent manner, and can be used as a promising target in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Jahangiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Dadmanesh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khodayar Ghorban
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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31
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Fonseca J, Moradi F, Maddalena LA, Ferreira-Tollstadius B, Selim S, Stuart JA. Resveratrol integrates metabolic and growth effects in PC3 prostate cancer cells-involvement of prolyl hydroxylase and hypoxia inducible factor-1. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:697-705. [PMID: 30655819 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RES) is a polyphenol produced by certain plant species that has been well studied due to its ability to slow the growth of cancer cells. In numerous cell types and tissues, RES has been demonstrated to promote mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, and oxidative phosphorylation. The present study investigated the interaction between RES's effects on growth and metabolism in PC3 prostate cancer cells, and demonstrated that RES-mediated growth inhibition is only observed under conditions in which a metabolic shift from glucose fermentation to mitochondrial respiration can occur. When this shift was prevented by growing cells in galactose medium or by pharmacologically inhibiting prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) in order to stabilize hypoxia inducible factor-1α, RES did not effect mitochondrial fusion, biogenesis, respiration or cell growth. Similar results were observed in PC3 cells expressing a mutant HIF-1α lacking the prolines that are hydroxylated by PHD to promote its degradation. Thus, RES appears to slow PC3 cell growth by interfering with glucose fermentation and promoting respiration. Consistent with this, RES was observed to be particularly effective at inhibiting PC3 cell growth under hypoxic conditions that precluded increased reliance on oxidative phosphorylation. These observations are important in understanding how RES may affect cancer cell growth in vivo where hypoxia is common in growing tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Fonseca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Fereshteh Moradi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Lucas A Maddalena
- MRC Cancer Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shehab Selim
- School of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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32
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Liu K, Zhang J, Wang H. Small ubiquitin-like modifier/sentrin-specific peptidase 1 associates with chemotherapy and is a risk factor for poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22611. [PMID: 30043429 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SUMO/sentrin-specific peptidase 1 (SENP1) was associated with radioresistance of cancer cells and was upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study was to investigate the association of SENP1 with resistance of NSCLC tumor to chemoradiotherapy. METHODS Sentrin-specific peptidase 1 expression profile was detected using the immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses. The relative expression level of SENP1 mRNA was detected using qRT-PCR. The response to chemoradiotherapy was evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION When compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues, the overexpression of SENP1 mRNA and protein in NSCLC tumor tissues was determined using qRT-PCR and immunochemistry. Based on the chemoradiotherapy response rate, we found that NSCLC patients with higher SENP1 expression showed lower rates of complete response and higher partial and non-response rate to chemoradiotherapy. In the overall survival analysis, we found patients with high SENP1 expression showed significant shorter survival time compared with those with low SENP1 expression. In the multivariate Cox regression model, we found SENP1 overexpression, TNM stage, and lymph metastasis were independent risk factors for poor prognosis of NSCLC. SENP1 overexpression contributed to chemoradiotherapy resistance of NSCLC. The overexpression of SENP1 could be used as a risk factor for the poor prognosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyuan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
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33
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Shimizu D, Kanda M, Kodera Y. Emerging evidence of the molecular landscape specific for hematogenous metastasis from gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 10:124-136. [PMID: 29988904 PMCID: PMC6033711 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v10.i6.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. Most GC patients are diagnosed when the cancer is in an advanced stage, and consequently, some develop metastatic lesions that generally cause cancer-related death. Metastasis establishment is affected by various conditions, such as tumor location, hemodynamics and organotropism. While digestive cancers may share a primary site, certain cases develop hematogenous metastasis with the absence of peritoneal metastasis, and vice versa. Numerous studies have revealed the clinicopathological risk factors for hematogenous metastasis from GC, such as vascular invasion, advanced age, differentiation, Borrmann type 1 or 2 and expansive growth. Recently, molecular mechanisms that contribute to metastatic site determination have been elucidated by advanced molecular biological techniques. Investigating the molecules that specifically participate in metastasis establishment in distinct secondary organs will lead to the development of novel biomarkers for patient stratification according to their metastatic risk and strategies for preventing and treating distinct metastases. We reviewed articles related to the molecular landscape of hematogenous metastasis from GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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34
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Zhang J, Wu Y, Lin YH, Guo S, Ning PF, Zheng ZC, Wang Y, Zhao Y. Prognostic value of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha and prolyl 4-hydroxylase beta polypeptide overexpression in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2381-2391. [PMID: 29904245 PMCID: PMC6000295 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i22.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship between hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), prolyl 4-hydroxylase beta (P4HB) expression, and clinicopathologic parameters, as well as the prognostic value of these genes for patients with gastric cancer (GC).
METHODS Hypoxia is a critical factor that shapes the GC microenvironment. In previous reports, we have demonstrated that P4HB is a potential target of HIF-1α. In the present study, gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) was used to analyze the relationship between P4HB and hypoxia-associated genes. To this end, 428 GC tissue samples were used to analyze the expression of HIF-1α and P4HB via immunohistochemical staining. Patient samples were classified as having weak-expression or over-expression both in terms of HIF-1α and P4HB. Correlations between biomarkers and clinicopathological factors were analyzed to predict survival.
RESULTS P4HB demonstrated a positive correlation with hypoxia-associated genes (P < 0.05). HIF-1α and P4HB overexpression have a significant correlation with TNM staging (χ2 = 23.32, P = 0.00; χ2 = 65.64, P = 0.00) and peritoneum cavity metastasis (χ2 = 12.67, P = 0.00; χ2 = 39.29, P = 0.00). In univariate analysis, patients with a high HIF-1α expression trend had a shorter disease-free survival (DFS: 44.80 mo vs 22.06 mo) and overall survival (OS: 49.58 mo vs 39.92 mo). P4HB overexpression reflected similar results: patients with over-expression of P4HB had a shorter survival time than those with weak-expression (DFS: 48.03 mo vs 29.64 mo, OS: 52.48 mo vs 36.87 mo). Furthermore, HIF-1α is also a clinicopathological predictor of dismal prognosis according to multivariate analysis (DFS, 95%CI: 0.52-0.88, P < 0.00; OS, 95%CI: 0.50-0.85, P < 0.00). However, P4HB was meaningful in DFS (95%CI: 0.58-1.00, P < 0.05) but not in OS (95%CI: 0.72-1.23, P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION Overexpression of HIF-1α and P4HB is associated with poor prognosis in patients with GC. Thus, these genes may be potential prognostic biomarker candidates in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastric Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute (Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Emergency, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu-Hang Lin
- Department of Pancreatic and Thyroid Surgery, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Gastric Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute (Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Pei-Fang Ning
- Department of Pathology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute (Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Zheng
- Department of Gastric Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute (Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Gastric Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute (Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Gastric Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute (Cancer Hospital of China Medical University), Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, China
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35
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Xia Y, Jiang L, Zhong T. The role of HIF-1α in chemo-/radioresistant tumors. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3003-3011. [PMID: 29872312 PMCID: PMC5973460 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s158206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemo-/radioresistance is a major obstacle in clinical oncology. The precise failure mechanisms of chemo-/radioresistance are multifactorial failures. It is now widely accepted that a tumor hypoxia microenvironment contributes significantly to chemo-/radioresistance. Hypoxia is the most common and obvious neoplastic microenvironment and is due to the rapid proliferation of tumor cells. HIF-1α is a principal molecular mediator of adaptability to hypoxia in tumor cells. HIF-1α activation leads to the transcription of a plethora of target genes that promote physiological changes associated with chemo-/radioresistance, including increasing the ability of DNA repair, the inhibition of apoptosis, and alterations of the cellular metabolism. Moreover, recent findings suggest that HIF-1α-activated autophagy is a crucial factor in the promotion of cell survival under the distressed microenvironment, thereby leading to the chemo-/radioresistance. This chapter presents an overview of the role of HIF-1α in chemo-/radioresistance of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- The Graduate School, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People's Republic of China
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36
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Singh D, Arora R, Kaur P, Singh B, Mannan R, Arora S. Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor and metabolic pathways: possible targets of cancer. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:62. [PMID: 29158891 PMCID: PMC5683220 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, the main cause of human deaths in the modern world is a group of diseases. Anticancer drug discovery is a challenge for scientists because of involvement of multiple survival pathways of cancer cells. An extensive study on the regulation of each step of these pathways may help find a potential cancer target. Up-regulated HIF-1 expression and altered metabolic pathways are two classical characteristics of cancer. Oxygen-dependent (through pVHL, PHDs, calcium-mediated) and independent (through growth factor signaling pathway, mdm2 pathway, HSP90) regulation of HIF-1α leads to angiogenesis, metastasis, and cell survival. The two subunits of HIF-1 regulates in the same fashion through different mechanisms. HIF-1α translation upregulates via mammalian target of rapamycin and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, whereas HIF-1β through calmodulin kinase. Further, the stabilized interactions of these two subunits are important for proper functioning. Also, metabolic pathways crucial for the formation of building blocks (pentose phosphate pathway) and energy generation (glycolysis, TCA cycle and catabolism of glutamine) are altered in cancer cells to protect them from oxidative stress and to meet the reduced oxygen and nutrient supply. Up-regulated anaerobic metabolism occurs through enhanced expression of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, triosephosphate isomerase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and down-regulation of aerobic metabolism via pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and lactate dehydrogenase which compensate energy requirements along with high glucose intake. Controlled expression of these two pathways through their common intermediate may serve as potent cancer target in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 India
| | - Rohit Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Guru Ram Das University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, 143001 India
| | - Pardeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 India
| | - Balbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 India
| | - Rahul Mannan
- Department of Pathology, Sri Guru Ram Das University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, 143001 India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 India
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Zhou DD, Liu XF, Lu CW, Pant OP, Liu XD. Long non-coding RNA PVT1: Emerging biomarker in digestive system cancer. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 29027279 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The digestive system cancers are leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and have high risks of morbidity and mortality. More and more long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been studied to be abnormally expressed in cancers and play a key role in the process of digestive system tumour progression. Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) seems fairly novel. Since 1984, PVT1 was identified to be an activator of MYC in mice. Its role in human tumour initiation and progression has long been a subject of interest. The expression of PVT1 is elevated in digestive system cancers and correlates with poor prognosis. In this review, we illustrate the various functions of PVT1 during the different stages in the complex process of digestive system tumours (including oesophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer). The growing evidence shows the involvement of PVT1 in both proliferation and differentiation process in addition to its involvement in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). These findings lead us to conclude that PVT1 promotes proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance in digestive system cancer cells. We will also discuss PVT1's potential in diagnosis and treatment target of digestive system cancer. There was a great probability PVT1 could be a novel biomarker in screening tumours, prognosis biomarkers and future targeted therapy to improve the survival rate in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiu-Fen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Om Prakash Pant
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Jun JC, Rathore A, Younas H, Gilkes D, Polotsky VY. Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Cancer. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2017. [PMID: 28944164 DOI: 10.1007/s40675-017-0062-7.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) mediate the transcription of hundreds of genes that allow cells to adapt to hypoxic environments. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about mechanisms of HIF activation in cancer, as well as downstream cancer-promoting consequences such as altered substrate metabolism, angiogenesis, and cell differentiation. In addition, we examine the proposed relationship between respiratory-related hypoxia, HIFs, and cancer. RECENT FINDINGS HIFs are increased in many forms of cancer, and portend a poor prognosis and response to therapy. CONCLUSION HIFs play a critical role in various stages of carcinogenesis. HIF and its transcription targets may be useful as biomarkers of disease and therapeutic targets for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Jun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aman Rathore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Haris Younas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniele Gilkes
- Division of Breast Cancer, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vsevolod Y Polotsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Zhang WJ, Chen C, Zhou ZH, Gao ST, Tee TJ, Yang LQ, Xu YY, Pang TH, Xu XY, Sun Q, Feng M, Wang H, Lu CL, Wu GZ, Wu S, Guan WX, Xu GF. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha Correlates with Tumor-Associated Macrophages Infiltration, Influences Survival of Gastric Cancer Patients. J Cancer 2017; 8:1818-1825. [PMID: 28819379 PMCID: PMC5556645 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia was a common feature for accelerating tumor metastasis by both inducting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells and polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). The association and roles between hypoxia, EMT and TAMs in the biological behavior of gastric cancer (GC) for the time being recurrence is unclear. Material and methods: hypoixa by expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), polarized functional status of infiltrated TAMs by immunohistochemical staining of CD68 and CD163, and the expression of E-cadherin as EMT property had been evaluated in 236 patients consecutive with histologically confirmed GC. Clinical significance was assessed for all these patients. Results: High expression of HIF-1α was found in patients with aggressive features, especially for recurrent patients. High infiltration of TAMs and abnormal expression of EMT-marker were also related to aggressive characteristics and predicted poor prognosis in GC. Meanwwhile, there existed a significant correlation among expression of HIF-1α, infiltration of TAMs and EMT marker in GC tissues. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that high expression of HIF-1α combined TAMs infiltration were independent prognostic factors for disease-specific survival rate. Conclusion: HIF-1α is an unfavorable indicator for prognosis, may promote tumor progression through the induction of EMT and establishment of a pro-tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Further investigation into the therapeutic effects of blocking hypoxia is possible a potential strategy for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Zhang
- Department of General surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of General surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, 101th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu Providence, China
| | - Shan-Ting Gao
- Department of General surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Teong Jin Tee
- Department of Medical, Gastroenterology unit, Nilai Medical Center, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Liu-Qing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao-Hong Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin-Yun Xu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Feng
- Department of General surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of General surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of General surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun-Lei Lu
- Department of General surgery, 101th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu Providence, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Wu
- Department of General surgery, 101th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu Providence, China
| | - Sheng Wu
- Department of General surgery, 101th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu Providence, China
| | - Wen-Xian Guan
- Department of General surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of General surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gui-Fang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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The long noncoding RNA PVT1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging miR-186 in gastric cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:302-308. [PMID: 28122299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence has highlighted the key regulatory roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumor development and progression including gastric cancer (GC).The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) has been identified as an oncogene in some tumors. However, the potential biological roles and regulatory mechanisms of PVT1 involved in GC remained poorly understood. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of PVT1 and miR-186 in GC tissues. The MTT cell proliferation and transwell invasion assays were used to detect the cell proliferation and invasion abilities. Western-blotting analysis was used to detect the protein expression of PCNA and HIF-1α. To understand the tumorigenic mechanism of PVT1, luciferase reporter assays were performed to evaluate whether the miR-186 was a target of PVT1 in GC cells. RESULTS In the current study, we showed that PVT1 expression was markedly upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines, and high expression levels of PVT1 were obviously correlated with advanced tumor stage and lymph node metastasis. Further functional experiments indicated up-regulation of PVT1 promoted the GC cell proliferation and invasion, while down-regulation of PVT1 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion. In addition, PVT1 could directly interact with miR-186 in GC cells and this interaction lead to the inhibition of downstream of HIF-1α expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that PVT1 acted as a key role in GC pathogenesis and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for GC.
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An J, Kang Q, Pan YM, Sun W, Wang X, Qi YJ. Clinical significance of HIF-1α expression in gastric malignant transformation in people from high altitude area of Qinghai. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:404-411. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i5.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To detect the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in gastric malignant transformation in people from high altitude area of Qinghai, China.
METHODS RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of HIF-1α gene in 7 cell lines and 27 pairs of GC and matched tumor adjacent normal gastric mucosa tissues. Using tissue microarray including 57 normal gastric mucosa tissues, 37 chronic atrophic gastritis tissues, 34 intestinal metaplasia tissues, and 146 gastric cancer (GC) tissues, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect the level of HIF-1α protein expression.
RESULTS The expression of HIF-1α at the mRNA level was different in GC cell lines. HIF-1αexpression in AGS, SGC7901, and N87 cells was higher than that in MGC803, BGC823, PAMC82 and MKN45 cells. The level of HIF-1α expression was significantly higher in GC tissues (66.6%, 18/27) compared with normal gastric mucosa tissues (26.3%, 15/57; P < 0.001). IHC data showed that the positive rate of HIF-1α was 64.8% (24/37) in chronic atrophic gastritis tissues, 61.7% (21/34) in intestinal metaplasia tissues, and 56.8% (83/146) in GC tissues, all of which were significantly higher than that in normal tissues (26.3%, 15/57). Expression of HIF-1α was positively associated with age in GC (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with a low level of HIF-1α had apparently better survival than those with a high level (P < 0.0001). HIF-1α protein (RR = 3.229, 95%CI: 2.024-5.151) was identified to be an independent risk factor for the outcome of GC patients.
CONCLUSION High HIF-1α expression is associated with gastric malignant transformation and poor prognosis in high altitude areas.
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42
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Jun JC, Rathore A, Younas H, Gilkes D, Polotsky VY. Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Cancer. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2017; 3:1-10. [PMID: 28944164 DOI: 10.1007/s40675-017-0062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) mediate the transcription of hundreds of genes that allow cells to adapt to hypoxic environments. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about mechanisms of HIF activation in cancer, as well as downstream cancer-promoting consequences such as altered substrate metabolism, angiogenesis, and cell differentiation. In addition, we examine the proposed relationship between respiratory-related hypoxia, HIFs, and cancer. RECENT FINDINGS HIFs are increased in many forms of cancer, and portend a poor prognosis and response to therapy. CONCLUSION HIFs play a critical role in various stages of carcinogenesis. HIF and its transcription targets may be useful as biomarkers of disease and therapeutic targets for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Jun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aman Rathore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Haris Younas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniele Gilkes
- Division of Breast Cancer, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vsevolod Y Polotsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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43
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Seebacher N, Lane DJR, Richardson DR, Jansson PJ. Turning the gun on cancer: Utilizing lysosomal P-glycoprotein as a new strategy to overcome multi-drug resistance. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:432-45. [PMID: 27154979 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a role in the development of drug resistance in cancer cells. Cancer cells must constantly and rapidly adapt to changes in the tumor microenvironment, due to alterations in the availability of nutrients, such as glucose, oxygen and key transition metals (e.g., iron and copper). This nutrient flux is typically a consequence of rapid growth, poor vascularization and necrosis. It has been demonstrated that stress factors, such as hypoxia and glucose deprivation up-regulate master transcription factors, namely hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which transcriptionally regulate the multi-drug resistance (MDR), transmembrane drug efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Interestingly, in addition to the established role of plasma membrane Pgp in MDR, a new paradigm of intracellular resistance has emerged that is premised on the ability of lysosomal Pgp to transport cytotoxic agents into this organelle. This mechanism is enabled by the topological inversion of Pgp via endocytosis resulting in the transporter actively pumping agents into the lysosome. In this way, classical Pgp substrates, such as doxorubicin (DOX), can be actively transported into this organelle. Within the lysosome, DOX becomes protonated upon acidification of the lysosomal lumen, causing its accumulation. This mechanism efficiently traps DOX, preventing its cytotoxic interaction with nuclear DNA. This review discusses these effects and highlights a novel mechanism by which redox-active and protonatable Pgp substrates can utilize lysosomal Pgp to gain access to this compartment, resulting in catastrophic lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death. Hence, a key MDR mechanism that utilizes Pgp (the "gun") to sequester protonatable drug substrates safely within lysosomes can be "turned on" MDR cancer cells to destroy them from within.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Seebacher
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Darius J R Lane
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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44
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Yang SL, Liu LP, Sun YF, Yang XR, Fan J, Ren JW, Chen GG, Lai PBS. Distinguished prognosis after hepatectomy of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma with or without cirrhosis: a long-term follow-up analysis. J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:722-32. [PMID: 26607653 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflicting results have often been observed for the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, but few studies have attempted to explore the reasons for the conflicting results. We aimed to distinguish the prognosis of patients with HCC with cirrhosis (HCC-C) and that of patients with HCC without cirrhosis (HCC-NC). METHODS Patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated HCC treated by curative liver resection at a single institution between 1995 and 2013 were retrospectively evaluated. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors, including tumor-related factors, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression, HBV X protein (HBx) expression, and HBx double mutations for overall survival and recurrence-free survival in these patients. RESULTS The long-term prognosis of HCC-NC patients is better than that of HCC-C patients. Male sex, poor differentiation, preoperative serum alanine aminotransferase level greater than 80 IU/L, and α-fetoprotein level greater than 400 ng/mL were risk factors for overall survival among HCC-NC patients but not among HCC-C patients, and age greater than 50 years was associated with poor overall survival only in cirrhotic patients. HCC-C patients benefit more from antiviral therapy following curative hepatectomy than do HCC-NC patients. The clinical value of the biomarkers hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, HBx, and HBx double mutations for predicting HCC prognosis was significantly different between these two groups. CONCLUSIONS There were differences in tumor-related prognostic factors, effectiveness of the antiviral therapy after hepatectomy, and biomarkers between HCC-C and HCC-NC patients, indicating that subgroup analysis of the prognostic factors may result in better management of HCC and that HCC patients, especially those with liver cirrhosis, should be given antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Li Yang
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-Fan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Wei Ren
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - George G Chen
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Paul B S Lai
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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45
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MiR-186 inhibited aerobic glycolysis in gastric cancer via HIF-1α regulation. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e224. [PMID: 27159677 PMCID: PMC4945752 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of microRNAs in human malignancies has been well documented, among which microRNA-186 (miR-186) has an antiproliferative role in some carcinomas. Here we demonstrate that low expression of miR-186 facilitates aerobic glycolysis in gastric cancer. MiR-186 suppresses cell proliferation induced by hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in gastric cancer cell lines MKN45 and SGC7901. Cellular glycolysis, including cellular glucose uptake, lactate, ATP/ADP and NAD+/NADH ratios, are also inhibited by miR-186. The negative regulation of miR-186 on HIF-1α effects its downstream targets, including programmed death ligand 1 and two glycolytic key enzymes, hexokinase 2 and platelet-type phosphofructokinase. The antioncogenic effects of miR-186 are proved by in vivo xenograft tumor experiment. The results demonstrate that the miR-186/HIF-1α axis has an antioncogenic role in gastric cancer.
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46
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Qian J, Bai H, Gao Z, Dong YU, Pei J, Ma M, Han B. Downregulation of HIF-1α inhibits the proliferation and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H157 cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:1738-1744. [PMID: 26998070 PMCID: PMC4774571 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, specifically non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in the world. In previous years, almost no significant advancements have been made towards the molecular characterization of NSCLC, which highlights the requirement for novel target genes. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is known to be essential in tumorigenesis, as it regulates the expression of numerous factors that are involved in angiogenesis, cellular proliferation and apoptosis. However, no direct association between HIF-1α and NSCLC treatment has previously been established. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effect of HIF-1α on NSCLC and to explore the possible mechanism. Additionally, HIF-1α small interfering (si)RNA and diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) were used in combination to explore the combined effects on NSCLC cells. Lung carcinoma NCI-H157 cells were treated with HIF-1α small interfering (si)RNA, 5 µg/ml DDP or a combination of the two, and the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion ability of the cells were detected using a cell counting kit-8 assay, Annexin V/propidium iodide staining and a Transwell assay, respectively. In addition, the protein levels of caspase-3/9, anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated (p-)PI3K, protein kinase B (AKT), p-AKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p-ERK were detected using western blot analysis. Similar to DPP treatment, HIF-1α siRNA treatment may reduce cell proliferation and the invasiveness of tumor cells while promoting apoptosis. Additionally, HIF-1α siRNA may increase the levels of the apoptotic proteins caspases 3 and 9 and inhibit the expression of Bcl-2. These anti-tumor effects may be acting through the VEGF/PEDF, PI3K/AKT and Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/ERK signaling pathways. The effects of HIF-1α siRNA may be strengthened by DDP. The present data indicated that HIF-1α siRNA is important in the inhibition of NSCLC cells. Additionally, the effects of HIF-1α siRNA may be strengthened by DDP, which suggests that HIF-1α siRNA may be combined with DDP for the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Y U Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Jun Pei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Meili Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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Roviello G, Petrioli R, Marano L, Polom K, Marrelli D, Perrella A, Roviello F. Angiogenesis inhibitors in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer. Gastric Cancer 2016; 19:31-41. [PMID: 26329368 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-015-0537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in systemic chemotherapy during the past two decades, the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma remains poor. Because of molecular heterogeneity, it is essential to classify tumors based on the underlying oncogenic pathways and to develop targeted therapies acting on individual tumors. Unfortunately, although a number of molecular targets have been studied, very few of these agents can be used in a clinical setting. In this review, we summarize the available data on anti-angiogenic agents in advanced/metastatic gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Petrioli
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Marano
- Unit of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Karol Polom
- Unit of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Daniele Marrelli
- Section of Advanced Surgical Oncology, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Armando Perrella
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Franco Roviello
- Unit of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 11, Siena, 53100, Italy
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48
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Yang YJ, Na HJ, Suh MJ, Ban MJ, Byeon HK, Kim WS, Kim JW, Choi EC, Kwon HJ, Chang JW, Koh YW. Hypoxia Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Follicular Thyroid Cancer: Involvement of Regulation of Twist by Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α. Yonsei Med J 2015; 56:1503-14. [PMID: 26446630 PMCID: PMC4630036 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.6.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) has a relatively fair prognosis, distant metastasis sometimes results in poor prognosis and survival. There is little understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the aggressiveness potential of thyroid cancer. We showed that hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) induced aggressiveness in FTC cells and identified the underlying mechanism of the HIF-1α-induced invasive characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were cultured under controlled hypoxic environments (1% O₂) or normoxic conditions. The effect of hypoxia on HIF-1α, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. Invasion and wound healing assay were conducted to identify functional character of EMT. The involvement of HIF-1α and Twist in EMT were studied using gene overexpression or silencing. After orthotopic nude mouse model was established using the cells transfected with lentiviral shHIF-1α, tissue analysis was done. RESULTS Hypoxia induces HIF-1α expression and EMT, including typical morphologic changes, cadherin shift, and increased vimentin expression. We showed that overexpression of HIF-1α via transfection resulted in the aforementioned changes without hypoxia, and repression of HIF-1α with RNA interference suppressed hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and EMT. Furthermore, we also observed that Twist expression was regulated by HIF-1α. These were confirmed in the orthotopic FTC model. CONCLUSION Hypoxia induced HIF-1α, which in turn induced EMT, resulting in the increased capacity for invasion and migration of cells via regulation of the Twist signal pathway in FTC cells. These findings provide insight into a possible therapeutic strategy to prevent invasive and metastatic FTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ju Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwi Jung Na
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Michelle J Suh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Jin Ban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Kwon Byeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Shik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Wook Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Chang Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong Ju Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Won Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yoon Woo Koh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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49
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YANG YA, LI MIN, YAN YAN, ZHANG JIA, SUN KAI, QU JINGKUN, WANG JIANSHENG, DUAN XIAOYI. Expression of RAP1B is associated with poor prognosis and promotes an aggressive phenotype in gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2385-94. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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50
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Qi P, Xu MD, Shen XH, Ni SJ, Huang D, Tan C, Weng WW, Sheng WQ, Zhou XY, Du X. Reciprocal repression between TUSC7 and miR-23b in gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:1269-78. [PMID: 25765901 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were demonstrated to play important regulatory roles in biological processes and cancer biology. However, the overall pathophysiological contribution of lncRNAs to gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unknown. In this study, differentially expressed lncRNAs in GC and paired adjacent normal tissue samples were identified by microarray and were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). One particular lncRNA, tumour suppressor candidate 7 (TUSC7), was analyzed in sequential large cohorts, and the Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test for comparisons was used to analyse the survival data. The results indicated that TUSC7 was downregulated in GC samples and was an independent prognostic indicator of disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in GC patients. Applying loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches, we determined that TUSC7 suppressed tumour cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we showed that TUSC7 was a direct transcriptional target of p53 via interaction of p53 with the putative p53-response element in the upstream region of TUSC7. Finally, we demonstrated reciprocal repression between TUSC7 and miR-23b; in contrast to TUSC7, miR-23b promoted cell growth. The results indicated that TUSC7 is a p53-regulated tumour suppressor that acts in part by repressing miR-23b and that TUSC7 may be a key regulatory hub in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi-die Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Han Shen
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Juan Ni
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Tan
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Wei Weng
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qi Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Du
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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