1
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Wildlife supplementary feeding facilitates spread of alien plants in forested mountainous areas: a case study from the Western Carpathians. Biologia (Bratisl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-023-01339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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2
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Pugesek G, Mumma MA, Mahoney SP, Waits LP. Molecular evaluation of American black bear prey consumption following diversionary feeding. URSUS 2021. [DOI: 10.2192/ursus-d-20-00027.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Pugesek
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Matthew A. Mumma
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Shane P. Mahoney
- Department of Environment and Conservation, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 4J6, Canada
| | - Lisette P. Waits
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
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3
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Harmange C, Bretagnolle V, Chabaud N, Sarasa M, Pays O. Diel cycle in a farmland bird is shaped by contrasting predation and human pressures. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In human-dominated landscapes, human disturbances may contrast (spatially and/or temporally) with risk imposed by non-human predators. However, how prey adjust behaviour to minimize risk from multiple threats remains unclear. In Central-Western France, we investigated patterns of activity, space and habitat use, and causes of variations during the diel cycle of the grey partridge (captive-reared, released), a farmland bird facing multiple risks (nocturnal predation, diurnal hunting pressure). We also investigated influence of individual space use, relative to risk-related features on the fate of birds. Birds adjusted their behaviours in ways consistent with the reduction of risk from nocturnal carnivores at night and hunters during daytime. We recorded bimodal crepuscular activity, likely explained by commuting movements between spatially-separated diurnal and nocturnal sites composed of different habitats: selection of open terrains and avoidance of predator reservoirs at night vs. use of high-vegetation cover during daytime. We observed space use differences between surviving, hunted and predated birds. Predation and hunting activities act as contrasting pressures, selecting birds based on their spatial behaviour, which has likely shaped diel adjustments at the population level. An improved consideration of temporal variation in environmental pressures would help to reliably address factors constraining populations, so increasing wildlife management efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Harmange
- LETG-Angers, UMR 6554 CNRS, Université d’Angers, Lavoisier, Angers, France
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and La Rochelle Université, Beauvoir-sur-Niort, France
- REHABS International Research Laboratory, CNRS-Université Lyon 1-Nelson Mandela University, George Campus, Madiba Drive, George, South Africa
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and La Rochelle Université, Beauvoir-sur-Niort, France
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre”, CNRS, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - Nathan Chabaud
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and La Rochelle Université, Beauvoir-sur-Niort, France
| | - Mathieu Sarasa
- BEOPS, 1 Esplanade Compans Caffarelli, Toulouse, France
- Fédération Nationale des Chasseurs, rue du Général Leclerc, Issy-les-Moulineaux cedex, France
| | - Olivier Pays
- LETG-Angers, UMR 6554 CNRS, Université d’Angers, Lavoisier, Angers, France
- REHABS International Research Laboratory, CNRS-Université Lyon 1-Nelson Mandela University, George Campus, Madiba Drive, George, South Africa
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4
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Singh NJ, Ecke F, Katzner T, Bagchi S, Sandström P, Hörnfeldt B. Consequences of migratory coupling of predators and prey when mediated by human actions. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Navinder J. Singh
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Todd Katzner
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise ID USA
| | - Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India
| | - Per Sandström
- Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
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5
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Cukor J, Linda R, Andersen O, Eriksen LF, Vacek Z, Riegert J, Šálek M. Evaluation of Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Predation Risk to Forest Grouse Nests in the Central European Mountain Regions. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020316. [PMID: 33513947 PMCID: PMC7911617 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the spatiotemporal patterns of predation risk on black grouse nests using artificial nests that were monitored by camera traps in mountain areas with a small extant (Ore Mts.) and already extinct (Jeseníky Mts.) black grouse population. The overall predation rate of artificial nests was 56% and we found significant differences in survival rate courses over time between both study areas (68% Ore Mts. vs. 41%, Jeseníky Mts.). Within the time required for successful egg incubation (25 days), nest survival probability was 0.32 in the Ore Mts. and 0.59 in Jeseníky Mts. The stone marten (Martes foina) was the primary nest predator in both study areas (39% in total), followed by common raven (Corvus corax, 25%) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes, 22%). The proportion of depredated nests did not differ between habitat types (i.e., open forest interior, clearing, forest edge), but we recorded the effect of interaction of study area and habitat. In Ore Mts., the main nest predator was common raven with seven records (37%). The Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius) was responsible for most predation attempts in Jeseníky Mts. (five records, i.e., 83%), while in the Ore Mts., most predation attempts were done by red fox (six records, i.e., 38%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Cukor
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, v.v.i., Strnady 136, 252 02 Jíloviště, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Rostislav Linda
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, v.v.i., Strnady 136, 252 02 Jíloviště, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Oddgeir Andersen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lasse Frost Eriksen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zdeněk Vacek
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Riegert
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šálek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 1176, Suchdol, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
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6
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Armenteros JA, Caro J, SÁnchez-GarcÍa C, Arroyo B, PÉrez JA, Gaudioso VR, Tizado EJ. Do non-target species visit feeders and water troughs targeting small game? A study from farmland Spain using camera-trapping. Integr Zool 2020; 16:226-239. [PMID: 33150697 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Provision of food and water is a widespread tool implemented around the world for the benefit of game and other wildlife, but factors affecting the use of food and water by non-target species are poorly known. We evaluated visits to feeders and water troughs by non-game species using camera-traps in two separate areas of Spain. Feeders and water troughs were either "protected" (when surrounded by more than 50% of shrubs/forest) or "open" (in the opposite case). A total of 18 948 photos from 5344 camera-trapping days depicted animals, and 75 species were identified. Feeders and water troughs were visited by target species (partridges and lagomorphs, 55.3% of visits) and non-target species (44.7% of visits). Among the latter, corvids were the most common (46.1% of visits), followed by rodents (26.8%), other birds (23.6%, mainly passerines), columbids (1.9%), and other species at minor percentages. The highest proportion of visiting days to feeders and water troughs was from corvids (0.173) followed by other-birds (0.109) and rodents (0.083); the lowest proportion was recorded for columbids (0.016). Use intensity and visit frequency of water troughs tripled that recorded in feeders, and visits to open feeders/troughs were approximately twice those to protected ones. In summary: feeders and water troughs targeting small game species are also used regularly by non-target ones; they should be set close to cover to optimize their use by non-target species that are not competitors of target species (though corvids may visit them); water availability should be prioritized where drought periods are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Armenteros
- Department of Animal Production, Research Group on Game Species Breeding and Management, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Jesús Caro
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carlos SÁnchez-GarcÍa
- Department of Animal Production, Research Group on Game Species Breeding and Management, University of León, León, Spain.,Fundación Artemisan, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Beatriz Arroyo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José A PÉrez
- Department of Animal Production, Research Group on Game Species Breeding and Management, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Vicente R Gaudioso
- Department of Animal Production, Research Group on Game Species Breeding and Management, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Emilio J Tizado
- Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, University of León, Ponferrada, Spain
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7
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Sergiel A, Barja I, Navarro-Castilla Á, Zwijacz-Kozica T, Selva N. Losing seasonal patterns in a hibernating omnivore? Diet quality proxies and faecal cortisol metabolites in brown bears in areas with and without artificial feeding. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242341. [PMID: 33180870 PMCID: PMC7660533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bears are omnivores particularly well-adapted to variations in the nutritional composition, quality and availability of food resources. Artificial feeding practices have been shown to strongly influence diet composition and seasonality, as well as to cause alterations in wintering and movement in brown bears (Ursus arctos). In this study, we investigated seasonal differences (hypophagia vs hyperphagia) in food quality of two brown bear subpopulations in the Polish Carpathians using faecal nitrogen (FN) and carbon (FC) estimates. The subpopulations inhabit areas that differ in artificial feeding practices: no artificial feeding occurs in the western subpopulation (Tatra Mountains), while artificial food targeted to ungulates is provided and used year-round in the eastern subpopulation (Bieszczady Mountains). We also compared these results with faecal cortisol metabolites (FCM) to explore how FN and FC correlate with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and if the seasonal patterns are apparent. We found that in Tatra Mts bears fed on significantly higher quality diet, as shown by FN and FC values, and had significantly higher FC levels in hyperphagia, when they accumulate fat reserves for wintering. The pattern in FCM levels for Tatra subpopulation followed the changes in energy intake during the seasons of hypo- and hyperphagia, while in Bieszczady Mts, the area with intensive feeding, no seasonal patterns could be observed. Artificial feeding practices may disrupt nutrient phenology and seasonality, relative to subpopulations with natural diets. We showed that the availability of human-provided foods may alter not only the overall dietary quality, but also hormonal patterns linked to seasonal nutritional requirements. Combining FN, FC and FCM proved to be a useful tool for reconstructing diet quality and related physiological patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sergiel
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Isabel Barja
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Nuria Selva
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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8
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Carpio AJ, Apollonio M, Acevedo P. Wild ungulate overabundance in Europe: contexts, causes, monitoring and management recommendations. Mamm Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Carpio
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM‐CSIC‐JCCM) Ronda Toledo 12 Ciudad Real13071 Spain
- Department of Zoology University of Cordoba Campus of Rabanales Córdoba14071 Spain
| | - Marco Apollonio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassari Via Vienna 2 Sassari07100 Italy
| | - Pelayo Acevedo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (UCLM‐CSIC‐JCCM) Ronda Toledo 12 Ciudad Real13071 Spain
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9
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Gaynor KM, Cherry MJ, Gilbert SL, Kohl MT, Larson CL, Newsome TM, Prugh LR, Suraci JP, Young JK, Smith JA. An applied ecology of fear framework: linking theory to conservation practice. Anim Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M. Gaynor
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA USA
| | - Michael J. Cherry
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University‐Kingsville Kingsville Texas USA
| | - Sophie L. Gilbert
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho USA
| | - Michel T. Kohl
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | | | - Thomas M. Newsome
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Laura R. Prugh
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Justin P. Suraci
- Center for Integrated Spatial Research Environmental Studies Department University of California Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Julie K. Young
- Predator Research Facility USDA‐National Wildlife Research Center Millville Utah USA
| | - Justine A. Smith
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA USA
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology University of California, Davis Davis CA USA
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10
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Croft S, Massei G, Smith GC, Fouracre D, Aegerter JN. Modelling Spatial and Temporal Patterns of African Swine Fever in an Isolated Wild Boar Population to Support Decision-Making. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:154. [PMID: 32322589 PMCID: PMC7156605 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious disease affecting all suids including wild boar. As the disease can damage commercial pig production and its circulation can threaten international trade, understanding the risks produced by free-living wild boar (as a wildlife reservoir) is important to ensure proportionate policies to exclude the disease, as well as an effective contingency response. The recent spread of the virus into Western Europe has produced concerns in many stakeholders including pig producers and national governments. Unlike in mainland Europe, where wild boar are widespread, in Britain, free-living populations have only recently re-established, and whilst these are still relatively small and isolated, they may provide a sufficient reservoir capable of sustaining disease and may thus present a continual source of infection risk to domestic pigs. This study focuses on one component of the risk produced by wild boar, specifically the distribution and persistence of virus in a landscape produced by the natural circulation of disease within wild boar. We used a spatial individual-based model run across a representation of a real landscape to explore the epidemiological consequences of an introduction of ASF into the Forest of Dean, currently hosting the largest population of wild boar in England. We explore various scenarios including variations in the prophylactic management of boar, as well as variations in reactive management (contingency response) following the detection of disease to evaluate their value in reducing this specific risk (presence of ASF virus of wild boar origin in the landscape). The abundance and distribution of wild boar is predicted to increase across our study extent over the next 20 years. Outbreaks of ASF are not predicted to be self-sustaining, with the median time to disease "burn-out" (no new infections) being 14 weeks. Carcass removal, as a tool in a package of reactive management, was of limited value in reducing the duration of outbreaks in this study. We suggest that useful predictions of some of the risks produced by ASF might be possible using only the distribution of the boar, rather than more difficult abundance or density measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Croft
- National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, York, United Kingdom
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11
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van den Honert MS, Gouws PA, Hoffman LC. A Preliminary Study: Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus Species from Wildlife Species Subjected to Supplementary Feeding on Various South African Farms. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030396. [PMID: 32121124 PMCID: PMC7142571 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Supplementary feeding of wildlife allows more opportunity for disease and antibiotic resistant genes to be transferred directly between species due to increased herd density, more frequent direct contact at feeding and water points and increased human contact. The feed itself can also be a direct source of antibiotic compounds and of antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study aimed to determine whether the practice of wildlife supplementary feeding could have an influence on the antibiotic resistance of the bacteria harboured by the supplementary fed wildlife, and thus play a potential role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance throughout nature. Overall, the E. coli and Enterococcus isolates from the supplementary fed wildlife were found to be more frequently resistant to the selection of antibiotics than from those which were not supplementary fed. Game farmers should be knowledgeable of the ingredients that are used in the game feed that is used to feed both their livestock and wildlife, as certain feed ingredients, such as antibiotics or bone meal, can have a detrimental effect on health and safety. Game farmers should also be aware that farm history can have an impact on the animals which graze on the pastures with regards to antibiotic resistance transfer. Abstract Studies have shown that antibiotic resistance among wild animals is becoming a public health concern, owing to increased contact and co-habitation with domestic animals that, in turn, results in increased human contact, indirectly and directly. This type of farming practice intensifies the likelihood of antibiotic resistant traits in microorganisms transferring between ecosystems which are linked via various transfer vectors, such as rivers and birds. This study aimed to determine whether the practice of wildlife supplementary feeding could have an influence on the antibiotic resistance of the bacteria harboured by the supplementary fed wildlife, and thus play a potential role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance throughout nature. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus were isolated from the faeces of various wildlife species from seven different farms across South Africa. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2018 guidelines. The E. coli (F: 57%; N = 75% susceptible) and Enterococcus (F: 67%; N = 78% susceptible) isolates from the supplementary fed (F) wildlife were in general, found to be more frequently resistant to the selection of antibiotics than from those which were not supplementary fed (N), particularly towards tetracycline (E. coli F: 56%; N: 71%/Enterococcus F: 53%; N: 89% susceptible), ampicillin (F: 82%; N = 95% susceptible) and sulphafurazole (F: 68%; N = 98% susceptible). Interestingly, high resistance towards streptomycin was observed in the bacteria from both the supplementary fed (7% susceptible) and non-supplementary fed (6% susceptible) wildlife isolates. No resistance was found towards chloramphenicol and ceftazidime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Sannettha van den Honert
- Centre for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
| | - Pieter Andries Gouws
- Centre for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Louwrens Christiaan Hoffman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia
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12
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Cukor J, Linda R, Václavek P, Mahlerová K, Šatrán P, Havránek F. Confirmed cannibalism in wild boar and its possible role in African swine fever transmission. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1068-1073. [PMID: 31886951 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For the monitoring of wild boar interactions with conspecific carcasses, seven wild boar carcasses were placed in different sites in the Czech Republic during winter season. Data were collected by camera traps. In total, 732 visits were recorded of wild boars at the carcass sites. Direct contact with the carcass was detected in 81% of the records. Cannibalism was observed in 9.8% of all recorded visits. The first direct contact was observed on average 30 days after the carcass had been placed in its respective site. Cannibalism was observed on average after 70 days. The effect of sex-age class on direct contact was not proven in our study. The presented findings show that cannibalism in wild boar can play a substantial role in the ASF epidemic. These results highlighted the importance of the removal of infected carcasses from the habitat, which is crucial for African swine fever eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Cukor
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, v.v.i., Jíloviště, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rostislav Linda
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, v.v.i., Jíloviště, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Václavek
- State Veterinary Institute Jihlava, Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Mahlerová
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šatrán
- State Veterinary Administration, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Havránek
- Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, v.v.i., Jíloviště, Czech Republic
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13
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Pringle H, Wilson M, Calladine J, Siriwardena G. Associations between gamebird releases and generalist predators. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Wilson
- British Trust for Ornithology (Scotland), Beta Centre Stirling University Innovation Park Scotland
| | - John Calladine
- British Trust for Ornithology (Scotland), Beta Centre Stirling University Innovation Park Scotland
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14
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Food-provisioning negatively affects calf survival and female reproductive success in bottlenose dolphins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8981. [PMID: 31222088 PMCID: PMC6586622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-provisioning of wildlife can facilitate reliable up-close encounters desirable by tourists and, consequently, tour operators. Food-provisioning can alter the natural behavior of an animal, encouraging adverse behavior (e.g. begging for food handouts), and affect the reproductive success and the viability of a population. Studies linking food-provisioning to reproductive success are limited due to the lack of long-term datasets available, especially for long-lived species such as marine mammals. In Bunbury, Western Australia, a state-licensed food-provisioning program offers fish handouts to a limited number of free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus). Coupled with long-term historical data, this small (<200 individuals), resident dolphin population has been extensively studied for over ten years, offering an opportunity to examine the effect of food-provisioning on the reproductive success of females (ntotal = 63; nprovisioned females = 8). Female reproductive success was estimated as the number of weaned calves produced per reproductive years and calf survival at year one and three years old was investigated. The mean reproductive success of provisioned and non-provisioned females was compared using Bayes factor. We also used generalized linear models (GLMs) to examine female reproductive success in relation to the occurrence of food-provisioning, begging behavior and location (within the study area). Furthermore, we examined the influence of these variables and birth order and climatic fluctuations (e.g. El Niño Southern Oscillation) on calf survival. Bayes factor analyses (Bayes factor = 6.12) and results from the best fitting GLMs showed that female reproductive success and calf survival were negatively influenced by food-provisioning. The negative effects of food-provisioning, although only affecting a small proportion of the adult females’ population (13.2%), are of concern, especially given previous work showing that this population is declining.
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15
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Kämmerle JL, Niekrenz S, Storch I. No evidence for spatial variation in predation risk following restricted-area fox culling. BMC Ecol 2019; 19:17. [PMID: 31023268 PMCID: PMC6485072 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-019-0235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Predation and predator abundance may significantly affect bird populations, especially ground nesting species, because nest predation is often the major cause of nest failure. Predator control by means of culling is frequently employed to benefit threatened prey species or to increase the abundance of small game species for hunting. The red fox (Vulpes vulpes), a generalist mesopredator of global relevance, is a major target of predator control. Commonly, in central Europe, red fox culling efforts intended to benefit prey species remain restricted to small areas. It is unclear, however, whether such restricted-area culling effectively lowers predation risk at a site or whether red fox abundance is more important than culling in shaping predation risk. We conducted an experiment using 273 camera supervised artificial nests at multiple study sites in clusters of hunting concessions with or without targeted fox culling in a fragmented montane forest landscape in Germany. Results Using generalized additive models, we assessed whether incentivized recreational culling of red foxes was associated with local reductions in an index of predation risk and fox occurrence probability, or whether both were explained by red fox abundance instead. Final models indicated that restricted-area culling of red foxes was not associated with local reductions in predation risk, nor lower probability of a fox sighting, even for the plots with the largest hunting bags. Predation risk at a plot instead appeared to be driven by variation in the abundance of red foxes in the landscape surrounding the plots. After accounting for fox abundance, we found no additional relationship of artificial nest predation risk with landscape configuration. Conclusions Our results imply that the scale and intensity of predator control achieved by incentivized recreational hunting was ineffective at altering fox abundance patterns and associated predation risk. We thus find no evidence to support incentives for uncoordinated recreational red fox culling as a conservation measure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12898-019-0235-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim-Lino Kämmerle
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Forest Research Institute of Baden-Württemberg FVA, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Sarah Niekrenz
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ilse Storch
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Bojarska K, Drobniak S, Jakubiec Z, Zyśk-Gorczyńska E. Winter insomnia: How weather conditions and supplementary feeding affect the brown bear activity in a long-term study. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Fležar U, Costa B, Bordjan D, Jerina K, Krofel M. Free food for everyone: artificial feeding of brown bears provides food for many non-target species. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-018-1237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Is diversionary feeding a useful tool to avoid human-ungulate conflicts? A case study with the aoudad. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-018-1226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Reed JH, Bonter DN. Supplementing non-target taxa: bird feeding alters the local distribution of mammals. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 28:761-770. [PMID: 29509299 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the effects of bird feeding on avian species have been extensively examined, few studies evaluate the indirect effects of bird feeding on non-target taxa. Bird seed could provide direct nourishment to several mammalian species (e.g., Lagomorpha, Rodentia, and Cetartiodactyla), potentially altering their distribution and behavior with possible unintended consequences for some avian populations, particularly those not directly benefiting from the resource. To examine how bird feeders may influence the presence and behavior of mammals, we used camera traps to quantify differences in the distribution and richness of mammal species frequenting sites with bird feeders and control sites (lacking feeders) in Ithaca, New York, USA. We recorded 15,684 images capturing 12 mammal species with gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) and raccoon (Procyon lotor) detected significantly more often at feeder sites than at control sites. Detections of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) marginally increased near feeders whereas detections of several carnivorous species were unrelated to the presence of bird feeders. We recorded larger gray squirrel and raccoon group sizes and greater mammal richness at feeder sites than at nearby control sites. We detected squirrels and raccoons less when snow covered the ground than on snow-free days. Ambient temperature was not a strong predictor of mammal detections. Camera trapping revealed strong, species-specific patterns in the timing of daily visitation to areas with feeders. Because many mammals depredate bird nests, the local increases in mammal richness and activity near bird feeders may create an ecological trap for avian species nesting in close proximity to supplemental feeding stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hunter Reed
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Morrison Hall, 507 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - David N Bonter
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, New York, 14850, USA
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Increased nest predation near protected capercaillie leks: a caveat against small reserves. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-018-1165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Berezowska-Cnota T, Luque-Márquez I, Elguero-Claramunt I, Bojarska K, Okarma H, Selva N. Effectiveness of different types of hair traps for brown bear research and monitoring. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186605. [PMID: 29073161 PMCID: PMC5657975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive sampling by hair-trapping is increasingly used worldwide in wildlife research. Despite this rise and the potential of hair samples for ecology and conservation studies, the relative performance of hair collection devices has been rarely tested. Here, we compare the effectiveness of five types of hair traps for brown bears Ursus arctos in the Carpathian Mountains (SE Poland) and test the effects of trap type, season, number of days elapsed since trap installation and trap features on the trapping success in order to provide recommendations for optimal sampling in future studies. The trap types were corral, path-trap, "smola"(beechwood tar) tree-trap, turpentine tree-trap and natural rub. In 2010, we collected 858 hair samples during 2330 inspections of 175 hair traps and found that the most effective traps were smola tree-traps (mean percentage of successful inspections ± SD: 30.2% ± 26.0) and natural rubs (50.8% ± 16.7). Based on this finding, over the following 2 years we focused on 24 smola tree-traps and eight natural rubs. During this long-term survey (2010-2012, 969 inspections, 1322 samples collected) the trapping success increased with time and smola tree-traps achieved similar effectiveness to natural rubs (45.5% ± 29.7 and 45.9 ± 23.4, respectively). We show that when baiting smola tree-traps ten weeks prior to research or monitoring, sampling effectiveness can reach up to 30%. Taking into account the logistical and methodological constraints associated with detecting and using natural rubs for a proper survey design, we recommend using smola tree-traps baited in advance for hair sampling in wildlife studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Berezowska-Cnota
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail: (TBC); (NS)
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Bojarska
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Henryk Okarma
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Nuria Selva
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail: (TBC); (NS)
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Abstract
AbstractPredator visitation to acclimatization or soft-release pens containing captive translocated animals has the potential to cause sub-lethal effects or physical injury that could influence post-release survival and establishment. No previous study has examined potential interactions between captive and resident animals during pre-release holding periods. We monitored seven holding pens containing wild-caught northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus or scaled quail Callipepla squamata in the Rolling Plains Ecoregion of Texas, USA, using remote camera systems. Our objectives were to determine if resident predator species and conspecifics visited holding pens, and to characterize visits by species, frequency, duration and behaviour. We recorded visitation to holding pens by four potential predator species. Although most visits by mammalian predators were short in duration, northern raccoons Procyon lotor were observed spending extended periods of time at holding pens. We also recorded resident scaled quail and northern bobwhite quail visiting holding pens containing conspecifics. We recommend that future studies using a soft-release technique in which captive animals are held at the release site consider the potential impacts of predator visitation to holding pens, and methods to mitigate those impacts.
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Garshelis DL, Baruch-Mordo S, Bryant A, Gunther KA, Jerina K. Is diversionary feeding an effective tool for reducing human–bear conflicts? Case studies from North America and Europe. URSUS 2017. [DOI: 10.2192/ursu-d-16-00019.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kerry A. Gunther
- Bear Management Office, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190, USA
| | - Klemen Jerina
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 83, 1000 Slovenia
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ŠtofÍk J, Merganič J, Merganičová K, Bučko J, Saniga M. Brown Bear Winter Feeding Ecology in the Area with Supplementary Feeding — Eastern Carpathians (Slovakia). POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2016.64.2.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Oja R, Zilmer K, Valdmann H. Spatiotemporal Effects of Supplementary Feeding of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) on Artificial Ground Nest Depredation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135254. [PMID: 26244659 PMCID: PMC4526364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementary feeding of ungulates, being widely used in game management, may have unwanted consequences. Its role in agricultural damage is well-studied, but few studies have considered the potential for the practice to attract ground nest predators. Our goal was to identify the factors influencing ground nest predation in the vicinity of year-round supplementary feeding sites for wild boar and to characterise their spatiotemporal scope. We conducted two separate artificial ground nest experiments in five different hunting districts in south-eastern Estonia. The quantity of food provided and distance of a nest from the feeding site were the most important factors determining predation risk. Larger quantities of food resulted in higher predation risk, while predation risk responded in a non-linear fashion to distance from the feeding site. Although predation risk eventually decreases if supplementary feeding is ceased for at least four years, recently abandoned feeding sites still pose a high predation risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragne Oja
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- * E-mail:
| | - Karoline Zilmer
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Harri Valdmann
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Sánchez-García C, Buner FD, Aebischer NJ. Supplementary winter food for gamebirds through feeders: Which species actually benefit? J Wildl Manage 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sánchez-García
- Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust; Fordingbridge Hampshire SP6 1EF United Kingdom
- Research Group on Game Species Breeding & Management, Dpto. de Producción Animal; Universidad de León; León 24071 Spain
| | - Francis D. Buner
- Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust; Fordingbridge Hampshire SP6 1EF United Kingdom
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Kavčič I, Adamič M, Kaczensky P, Krofel M, Kobal M, Jerina K. Fast food bears: brown bear diet in a human-dominated landscape with intensive supplemental feeding. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Milner JM, Van Beest FM, Schmidt KT, Brook RK, Storaas T. To feed or not to feed? Evidence of the intended and unintended effects of feeding wild ungulates. J Wildl Manage 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jos M. Milner
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management; Hedmark University College; Campus Evenstad NO-2480 Koppang Norway
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Tillydrone Avenue Aberdeen AB24 2TZ UK
| | - Floris M. Van Beest
- Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Frederiksborgvej 399 Roskilde 4000 Denmark
| | | | - Ryan K. Brook
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science & Indigenous Land Management Institute; College of Agriculture and Bioresources; University of Saskatchewan; 51 Campus Drive Saskatoon SK S7N 5E2 Canada
| | - Torstein Storaas
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management; Hedmark University College; Campus Evenstad NO-2480 Koppang Norway
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