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Wang K, Zhou M, Zhang Y, Jin Y, Xue Y, Mao D, Rui Y. Fibromodulin facilitates the osteogenic effect of Masquelet's induced membrane by inhibiting the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1898-1913. [PMID: 38426394 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01665j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Masquelet's induced membrane (IM) technique is a promising treatment strategy for the repair of substantial bone defects. The formation of an IM around polymethylmethacrylate bone cement plays a crucial role in this technique. Several studies have indicated that IMs have bioactivity because they contain abundant blood vessels, a variety of cells, and biological factors. The bioactivity of an IM increases during the initial stages of formation, thereby facilitating bone regeneration and remodeling. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms underlying the enhancement of IM bioactivity and the promotion of bone regeneration necessitate further investigation. In this study, we successfully developed a Masquelet IM model of critical femur defects in rats. By employing proteomics analysis and biological detection techniques, we identified fibromodulin (FMOD) as a pivotal factor contributing to angiogenesis and the enhanced bioactivity of the IM. A significant increase in angiogenesis and the expression of bioactive factors in the IM was also observed with the upregulation of FMOD expression. Furthermore, this effect is mediated through the inhibition of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/SMAD signaling pathway. We also demonstrated that administering recombinant human FMOD enhanced osteogenesis in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. Furthermore, the negative regulatory effect of the TGF-β signaling pathway was verified. In conclusion, this study provides a novel theoretical basis for the application of IMs in bone-defect reconstruction and explores possible new mechanisms that may play an important role in promoting the bioactivity and osteogenic potential of IMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, China.
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, China.
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China
| | - Yuanshu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, China.
| | - Yesheng Jin
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, China.
| | - Dong Mao
- Orthopaedic Institute, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, China
| | - Yongjun Rui
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, China.
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Jiang QL, Xu JY, Yao QP, Jiang R, Xu Q, Zhang BT, Li T, Jiang J. Transfer RNA-derived small RNA tRF-Glu-CTC attenuates neointimal formation via inhibition of fibromodulin. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:2. [PMID: 38172726 PMCID: PMC10763295 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia is a pathological vascular remodeling caused by abnormal proliferation and migration of subintimal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) following intimal injury. There is increasing evidence that tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) plays an important role in vascular remodeling. The purpose of this study is to search for tsRNAs signature of neointima formation and to explore their potential functions. The balloon injury model of rat common carotid artery was replicated to induce intimal hyperplasia, and the differentially expressed tsRNAs (DE-tsRNAs) in arteries with intimal hyperplasia were screened by small RNA sequencing and tsRNA library. A total of 24 DE-tsRNAs were found in the vessels with intimal hyperplasia by small RNA sequencing. In vitro, tRF-Glu-CTC inhibited the expression of fibromodulin (FMOD) in VSMCs, which is a negative modulator of TGF-β1 activity. tRF-Glu-CTC also increased VSMC proliferation and migration. In vivo experiments showed that inhibition of tRF-Glu-CTC expression after balloon injury of rat carotid artery can reduce the neointimal area. In conclusion, tRF-Glu-CTC expression is increased after vascular injury and inhibits FMOD expression in VSMCs, which influences neointima formation. On the other hand, reducing the expression of tRF-Glu-CTC after vascular injury may be a potential approach to prevent vascular stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Lan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qing-Ping Yao
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo-Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
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Liang Y, Zhou Y, Wang J, He Y. Downregulation of fibromodulin attenuates inflammatory signaling and atrial fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats with atrial fibrillation via inhibiting TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1003. [PMID: 37904680 PMCID: PMC10604567 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial fibrosis is an important factor in the induction and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). Fibromodulin (FMOD) promotes fibrotic gene expression. However, its specific role in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)-AF remains unclear. METHODS We analyzed FMOD mRNA and protein expression in rat atrial tissues using RT-qPCR, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Histopathological examination of atrial tissues was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome, and Picrosirius red staining. The levels of inflammatory and fibrosis-related proteins were measured using Western blot analysis. RESULTS FMOD relative mRNA and protein expression levels were notably upregulated in atrial tissues of both AF groups (normal-AF and SHR-AF groups) than that in atrial tissues of the no-AF group (normal and SHR group). This effect was particularly pronounced in the SHR-AF group. Pathological changes revealed that the extracellular matrix, collagen, collagen fibers, and left atrial diameter were notably increased in the atrial tissues from the SHR-AF group compared to those in the atrial tissues from the SHR group, whereas the left ventricular fractional shortening and left ventricular ejection fraction were notably lower. Expression of TLR4, MyD88, NLRP3, TGF-β1, collagen I, and collagen II mRNA were clearly higher in atrial tissues from the SHR-AF group than in those from the SHR group. Protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, NLRP3, Cleavage-Caspase-1, Cleavage-IL-1β, TGF-β1, p-Smad2, collagen I, and collagen II were clearly higher in atrial tissues from the SHR-AF group than in those from the SHR group. FMOD knockdown inhibited atrial fibrosis, collagen accumulation, and the TLR4/MyD88/NLRP3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Downregulation of FMOD attenuated inflammatory signaling and atrial fibrosis in SHR-AF by inhibiting the TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Therefore, FMOD may be a promising therapeutic target in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Liang
- Department of CardiologyJiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of CardiologyJiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Jialin Wang
- Health Management CenterThe People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNanningChina
| | - Yan He
- Department of Geriatrics CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
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Zhao F, Bai Y, Xiang X, Pang X. The role of fibromodulin in inflammatory responses and diseases associated with inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191787. [PMID: 37483637 PMCID: PMC10360182 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an immune response that the host organism eliminates threats from foreign objects or endogenous signals. It plays a key role in the progression, prognosis as well as therapy of diseases. Chronic inflammatory diseases have been regarded as the main cause of death worldwide at present, which greatly affect a vast number of individuals, producing economic and social burdens. Thus, developing drugs targeting inflammation has become necessary and attractive in the world. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) exhibit essential roles in various inflammatory responses by acting as an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory role in different scenarios of diseases. Of particular interest was a well-studied member, termed fibromodulin (FMOD), which has been largely explored in the role of inflammatory responses in inflammatory-related diseases. In this review, particular focus is given to the role of FMOD in inflammatory response including the relationship of FMOD with the complement system and immune cells, as well as the role of FMOD in the diseases associated with inflammation, such as skin wounding healing, osteoarthritis (OA), tendinopathy, atherosclerosis, and heart failure (HF). By conducting this review, we intend to gain insight into the role of FMOD in inflammation, which may open the way for the development of new anti-inflammation drugs in the scenarios of different inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuerong Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Luan Y, Wu S, Wang M, Pu Y, Zhao Q, Ma Y, Jiang L, He X. Identification of Critical Genes for Ovine Horn Development Based on Transcriptome during the Embryonic Period. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040591. [PMID: 37106791 PMCID: PMC10136283 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Horns, also known as headgear, are a unique structure of ruminants. As ruminants are globally distributed, the study of horn formation is critical not only for increasing our understanding of natural and sexual selection but also for the breeding of polled sheep breeds to facilitate modern sheep farming. Despite this, a significant number of the underlying genetic pathways in sheep horn remain unclear. In this study, to clarify the gene expression profile of horn buds and investigate the key genes in horn bud formation, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology was utilized to investigate differential gene expression in the horn buds and adjacent forehead skin of Altay sheep fetuses. There were only 68 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified, consisting of 58 up-regulated genes and 10 down-regulated genes. RXFP2 was differentially up-regulated in the horn buds and had the highest significance (p-value = 7.42 × 10-14). In addition, 32 DEGs were horn-related genes identified in previous studies, such as RXFP2, FOXL2, SFRP4, SFRP2, KRT1, KRT10, WNT7B, and WNT3. Further, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched with regard to growth, development, and cell differentiation. Pathway analysis revealed that the Wnt signaling pathway may be responsible for horn development. Further, through combining the protein-protein interaction networks of the DEGs, it was found that the top five hub genes, namely, ACAN, SFRP2, SFRP4, WNT3, and WNT7B, were also associated with horn development. Our results suggest that only a few key genes, including RXFP2, are involved in bud formation. This study not only validates the expression of candidate genes identified at the transcriptome level in previous studies but also provides new possible marker genes for horn development, which may promote our understanding of the genetic mechanisms of horn formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Luan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shangjie Wu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingkun Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yabin Pu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qianjun Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuehui Ma
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaohong He
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources Evaluation and Utilization, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
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Xu X, Zhang Y, Ha P, Chen Y, Li C, Yen E, Bai Y, Chen R, Wu BM, Da Lio A, Ting K, Soo C, Zheng Z. A novel injectable fibromodulin-releasing granular hydrogel for tendon healing and functional recovery. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 8:e10355. [PMID: 36684085 PMCID: PMC9842059 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A crucial component of the musculoskeletal system, the tendon is one of the most commonly injured tissues in the body. In severe cases, the ruptured tendon leads to permanent dysfunction. Although many efforts have been devoted to seeking a safe and efficient treatment for enhancing tendon healing, currently existing treatments have not yet achieved a major clinical improvement. Here, an injectable granular hyaluronic acid (gHA)-hydrogel is engineered to deliver fibromodulin (FMOD)-a bioactive extracellular matrix (ECM) that enhances tenocyte mobility and optimizes the surrounding ECM assembly for tendon healing. The FMOD-releasing granular HA (FMOD/gHA)-hydrogel exhibits unique characteristics that are desired for both patients and health providers, such as permitting a microinvasive application and displaying a burst-to-sustained two-phase release of FMOD, which leads to a prompt FMOD delivery followed by a constant dose-maintaining period. Importantly, the generated FMOD-releasing granular HA hydrogel significantly augmented tendon-healing in a fully-ruptured rat's Achilles tendon model histologically, mechanically, and functionally. Particularly, the breaking strength of the wounded tendon and the gait performance of treated rats returns to the same normal level as the healthy controls. In summary, a novel effective FMOD/gHA-hydrogel is developed in response to the urgent demand for promoting tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Traumatic SurgeryBeijing Stomatological Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA,Division of Growth and DevelopmentSchool of Dentistry, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yulong Zhang
- School of DentistryUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pin Ha
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA,Division of Growth and DevelopmentSchool of Dentistry, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yao Chen
- School of DentistryUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chenshuang Li
- Department of OrthodonticsSchool of Dental Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Emily Yen
- Arcadia High SchoolArcadiaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of OrthodonticsBeijing Stomatological Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Renji Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Traumatic SurgeryBeijing Stomatological Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Benjamin M. Wu
- School of DentistryUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrew Da Lio
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kang Ting
- Forsyth Research InstituteHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA,Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chia Soo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA,Division of Growth and DevelopmentSchool of Dentistry, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Eremenko E, Ding J, Kwan P, Tredget EE. The Biology of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Hypertrophic Scarring. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:234-254. [PMID: 33913776 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2020.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Hypertrophic scars (HTS) are a fibroproliferative disorder that occur following deep dermal injury and affect up to 72% of burn patients. These scars result in discomfort, impaired mobility, disruption of normal function and cosmesis, and significant psychological distress. Currently, there are no satisfactory methods to treat or prevent HTS, as the cellular and molecular mechanisms are complex and incompletely understood. This review summarizes the biology of proteins in the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM), which are involved in wound healing and hypertrophic scarring. Recent Advances: New basic research continues toward understanding the diversity of cellular and molecular mechanisms of normal wound healing and hypertrophic scarring. Broadening the understanding of these mechanisms creates insight into novel methods for preventing and treating HTS. Critical Issues: Although there is an abundance of research conducted on collagen in the ECM and its relationship to HTS, there is a significant gap in understanding the role of proteoglycans and their specific isoforms in dermal fibrosis. Future Directions: Exploring the biological roles of ECM proteins and their unique isoforms in HTS, mature scars, and normal skin will further the understanding of abnormal wound healing and create a more robust understanding of what constitutes dermal fibrosis. Research into the biological roles of ECM protein isoforms and their regulation during wound healing warrants a more extensive investigation to identify their distinct biological functions in cellular processes and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Eremenko
- Wound Healing Research Group, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jie Ding
- Wound Healing Research Group, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Peter Kwan
- Wound Healing Research Group, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Edward E. Tredget
- Wound Healing Research Group, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Decorin Inhibits Dermal Mesenchymal Cell Migration and Induces Scar Formation. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2022; 10:e4245. [PMID: 35425688 PMCID: PMC9000046 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000004245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Variations in skin healing capacities are observed during different murine embryonic developmental stages. Through embryonic day 16 (E16), embryos are able to regenerate dermal architecture following flank skin wounding; however, after E17, wounds heal incompletely, inducing scar formation. The regenerative ability of the E16 fetal dermis depends on the migration of dermal mesenchymal cells. Decorin is a small molecule known to affect tissue tensile strength, cell phenotype, and tissue repair, including skin wound healing. In the current study, we evaluated the expression and roles of decorin in wound healing. Methods Surgical injury was induced at E16 and E17 in ICR mouse embryos. Decorin expression was evaluated in tissue samples from these embryos using immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell migration assays were used to evaluate wound healing capability of separated dermal and fascial tissues. Results Our results showed that decorin exhibited distinct expression patterns during wound healing at E16 versus E17. Additionally, decorin expression altered cell migration in vitro. Dermal and fascial mesenchymal cells were found to exhibit distinct migration patterns concomitant with altered decorin expression. Specifically, decorin inhibited migration and favored scar formation. Conclusion Decorin expression may contribute to scar formation in the late stage of mouse embryos by inhibiting the migration of dermal mesenchymal cells.
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Xu X, Ha P, Yen E, Li C, Zheng Z. Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans in Tendon Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:202-214. [PMID: 34978952 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Tendon injury possesses a high morbidity rate and is difficult to achieve a satisfying prognosis with currently available treatment strategies. Current approaches used for tendon healing always lead to the formation of fibrovascular scar tissue, which significantly compromises the biomechanics of the healed tendon. Moreover, the related functional deficiency deteriorates over time with an increased injury recurrence risk. Small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) link and interact with collagen fibrils to regulate tendon structure and biomechanics, which can provide a new and promising method in the field of tendon injury management. Recent Advances: The effect of SLRPs on tendon development has been extensively investigated. SLRP deficiency impairs tendon collagen fibril structure and biomechanic properties, while administration of SLRPs generally benefits tendon wound healing and regains better mechanical properties. Critical Issues: Current knowledge on the role of SLRPs in tendon development and regeneration mostly comes from uninjured knockout mice, and mainly focuses on the morphology description of collagen fibril profile and mechanical properties. Little is known about the regulatory mechanism on the molecular level. Future Directions: This article reviews the current knowledge in this highly translational topic and provides an evidence-based conclusion, thereby encouraging in-depth investigations of SLRPs in tendons and the development of SLRP-based treatments for desired tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Traumatic Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pin Ha
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Emily Yen
- Arcadia High School, Arcadia, California, USA
| | - Chenshuang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Becker J, Schwoch S, Zelent C, Sitte M, Salinas G, Wilting J. Transcriptome Analysis of Hypoxic Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Indicates Their Potential to Contribute to Extracellular Matrix Rearrangement. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051008. [PMID: 33923324 PMCID: PMC8145299 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphedema (LE) affects millions of people worldwide. It is a chronic progressive disease with massive development of fibrosclerosis when untreated. There is no pharmacological treatment of lymphedema. The disease is associated with swelling of the interstitium of the affected organ, mostly arm or leg, impressive development of adipose tissue, fibrosis and sclerosis with accumulation of huge amounts of collagen, and Papillomatosis cutis. Malnutrition and reduced oxygenation of the affected tissues is a hallmark of lymphedema. Here, we investigated if the hypoxia of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) might contribute to fibrosis. We applied RNASeq and qPCR to study the concordant changes of the exome of three human foreskin-derived LEC isolates after 4 days of hypoxia (1% O2) vs. normoxia (21% O2). Of the approximately 16,000 genes expressed in LECs, 162 (1%) were up- or down-regulated by hypoxia. Of these, 21 genes have important functions in the production or modification of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition to the down-regulation of elastin, we found up-regulation of druggable enzymes and regulators such as the long non-coding RNA H19, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain family member 5 (ITIH5), lysyl-oxidase (LOX), prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 1 (P4HA1), procollagen-lysine 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2), and others that are discussed in the paper. Initial lymphatics do not produce a continuous basement membrane; however, our study shows that hypoxic LECs have an unexpectedly high ability to alter the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Becker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (J.B.); (S.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Sonja Schwoch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (J.B.); (S.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Christina Zelent
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (J.B.); (S.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Maren Sitte
- NGS-Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Jörg Wilting
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (J.B.); (S.S.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Correction: Fibromodulin-Deficiency Alters Temporospatial Expression Patterns of Transforming Growth Factor-β Ligands and Receptors during Adult Mouse Skin Wound Healing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246557. [PMID: 33513194 PMCID: PMC7845967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090817.].
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Hou Y, Li J, Guan S, Witte F. The therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs as a bioactive material for wound healing. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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13
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Zeng-Brouwers J, Pandey S, Trebicka J, Wygrecka M, Schaefer L. Communications via the Small Leucine-rich Proteoglycans: Molecular Specificity in Inflammation and Autoimmune Diseases. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:887-906. [PMID: 32623933 PMCID: PMC7708667 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420930303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a highly regulated biological response of the immune system that is triggered by assaulting pathogens or endogenous alarmins. It is now well established that some soluble extracellular matrix constituents, such as small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), can act as danger signals and trigger aseptic inflammation by interacting with innate immune receptors. SLRP inflammatory signaling cascade goes far beyond its canonical function. By choosing specific innate immune receptors, coreceptors, and adaptor molecules, SLRPs promote a switch between pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling, thereby determining disease resolution or chronification. Moreover, by orchestrating signaling through various receptors, SLRPs fine-tune inflammation and, despite their structural homology, regulate inflammatory processes in a molecule-specific manner. Hence, the overarching theme of this review is to highlight the molecular and functional specificity of biglycan-, decorin-, lumican-, and fibromodulin-mediated signaling in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sony Pandey
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Translational Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Clinic Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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14
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Wilgus TA. Inflammation as an orchestrator of cutaneous scar formation: a review of the literature. PLASTIC AND AESTHETIC RESEARCH 2020; 7:54. [PMID: 33123623 PMCID: PMC7592345 DOI: 10.20517/2347-9264.2020.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a key phase in the cutaneous wound repair process. The activation of inflammatory cells is critical for preventing infection in contaminated wounds and results in the release of an array of mediators, some of which stimulate the activity of keratinocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts to aid in the repair process. However, there is an abundance of data suggesting that the strength of the inflammatory response early in the healing process correlates directly with the amount of scar tissue that will eventually form. This review will summarize the literature related to inflammation and cutaneous scar formation, highlight recent discoveries, and discuss potential treatment modalities that target inflammation to minimize scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci A Wilgus
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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15
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Yin JL, Wu Y, Yuan ZW, Gao XH, Chen HD. Advances in scarless foetal wound healing and prospects for scar reduction in adults. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12916. [PMID: 33058377 PMCID: PMC7653265 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Healing after mammalian skin injury involves the interaction between numerous cellular constituents and regulatory factors, which together form three overlapping phases: an inflammatory response, a proliferation phase and a remodelling phase. Any slight variation in these three stages can substantially alter the healing process and resultant production of scars. Of particular significance are the mechanisms responsible for the scar‐free phenomenon observed in the foetus. Uncovering such mechanisms would offer great expectations in the treatment of scars and therefore represents an important area of investigation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of studies on injury‐induced skin regeneration within the foetus. The information contained in these studies provides an opportunity for new insights into the treatment of clinical scars based on the cellular and molecular processes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Yin
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Immunodermatological Theranostics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Immunodermatological Theranostics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Immunodermatological Theranostics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education, Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Immunodermatological Theranostics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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16
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Pang X, Dong N, Zheng Z. Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans in Skin Wound Healing. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1649. [PMID: 32063855 PMCID: PMC6997777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing of cutaneous wounds is a complex and well-coordinated process requiring cooperation among multiple cells from different lineages and delicately orchestrated signaling transduction of a diversity of growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) at the wound site. Most skin wound healing in adults is imperfect, characterized by scar formation which results in significant functional and psychological sequelae. Thus, the reconstruction of the damaged skin to its original state is of concern to doctors and scientists. Beyond the traditional treatments such as corticosteroid injection and radiation therapy, several growth factors or cytokines-based anti-scarring products are being or have been tested in clinical trials to optimize skin wound healing. Unfortunately, all have been unsatisfactory to date. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that the ECM not only functions as the structural component of the tissue but also actively modulates signal transduction and regulates cellular behaviors, and thus, ECM should be considered as an alternative target for wound management pharmacotherapy. Of particular interest are small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), a group of the ECM, which exist in a wide range of connecting tissues, including the skin. This manuscript summarizes the most current knowledge of SLRPs regarding their spatial-temporal expression in the skin, as well as lessons learned from the genetically modified animal models simulating human skin pathologies. In this review, particular focus is given on the diverse roles of SLRP in skin wound healing, such as anti-inflammation, pro-angiogenesis, pro-migration, pro-contraction, and orchestrate transforming growth factor (TGF)β signal transduction, since cumulative investigations have indicated their therapeutic potential on reducing scar formation in cutaneous wounds. By conducting this review, we intend to gain insight into the potential application of SLRPs in cutaneous wound healing management which may pave the way for the development of a new generation of pharmaceuticals to benefit the patients suffering from skin wounds and their sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Pang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nuo Dong
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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17
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Farbehi N, Patrick R, Dorison A, Xaymardan M, Janbandhu V, Wystub-Lis K, Ho JW, Nordon RE, Harvey RP. Single-cell expression profiling reveals dynamic flux of cardiac stromal, vascular and immune cells in health and injury. eLife 2019; 8:43882. [PMID: 30912746 PMCID: PMC6459677 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides cardiomyocytes (CM), the heart contains numerous interstitial cell types which play key roles in heart repair, regeneration and disease, including fibroblast, vascular and immune cells. However, a comprehensive understanding of this interactive cell community is lacking. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of the total non-CM fraction and enriched (Pdgfra-GFP+) fibroblast lineage cells from murine hearts at days 3 and 7 post-sham or myocardial infarction (MI) surgery. Clustering of >30,000 single cells identified >30 populations representing nine cell lineages, including a previously undescribed fibroblast lineage trajectory present in both sham and MI hearts leading to a uniquely activated cell state defined in part by a strong anti-WNT transcriptome signature. We also uncovered novel myofibroblast subtypes expressing either pro-fibrotic or anti-fibrotic signatures. Our data highlight non-linear dynamics in myeloid and fibroblast lineages after cardiac injury, and provide an entry point for deeper analysis of cardiac homeostasis, inflammation, fibrosis, repair and regeneration. In our bodies, heart attacks lead to cell death and inflammation. This is then followed by a healing phase where the organ repairs itself. There are many types of heart cells, from muscle and pacemaker cells that help to create the beating motion, to so-called fibroblasts that act as a supporting network. Yet, it is still unclear how individual cells participate in the heart's response to injury. All cells possess the same genetic information, but they turn on or off different genes depending on the specific tasks that they need to perform. Spotting which genes are activated in individual cells can therefore provide clues about their exact roles in the body. Until recently, technological limitations meant that this information was difficult to access, because it was only possible to capture the global response of a group of cells in a sample. A new method called single-cell RNA sequencing is now allowing researchers to study the activities of many genes in thousands of individual cells at the same time. Here, Farbehi, Patrick et al. performed single-cell RNA sequencing on over 30,000 individual cells from healthy and injured mouse hearts. Computational approaches were then used to cluster cells into groups according to the activities of their genes. The experiments identified over 30 distinct sub-types of cell, including several that were previously unknown. For example, a group of fibroblasts that express a gene called Wif1 was discovered. Previous genetic studies have shown that Wif1 is essential for the heart's response to injury. Further experiments by Farbehi, Patrick et al. indicated that this new sub-type of cells may control the timing of the different aspects of heart repair after damage. Tens of millions of people around the world suffer from heart attacks and other heart diseases. Knowing how different types of heart cells participate in repair mechanisms may help to find new targets for drugs and other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nona Farbehi
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Garvan Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Ralph Patrick
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Aude Dorison
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Munira Xaymardan
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Vaibhao Janbandhu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | | | - Joshua Wk Ho
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Robert E Nordon
- Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
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18
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Wang C, Tanjaya J, Shen J, Lee S, Bisht B, Pan HC, Pang S, Zhang Y, Berthiaume EA, Chen E, Da Lio AL, Zhang X, Ting K, Guo S, Soo C. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Knockdown Impairs Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2-Induced Critical-Size Bone Defect Repair. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:648-664. [PMID: 30593824 PMCID: PMC6412314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Food and Drug Administration-approved clinical dose (1.5 mg/mL) of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) has been reported to induce significant adverse effects, including cyst-like adipose-infiltrated abnormal bone formation. These undesirable complications occur because of increased adipogenesis, at the expense of osteogenesis, through BMP2-mediated increases in the master regulatory gene for adipogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). Inhibiting PPARγ during osteogenesis has been suggested to drive the differentiation of bone marrow stromal/stem cells toward an osteogenic, rather than an adipogenic, lineage. We demonstrate that knocking down PPARγ while concurrently administering BMP2 can reduce adipogenesis, but we found that it also impairs BMP2-induced osteogenesis and leads to bone nonunion in a mouse femoral segmental defect model. In addition, in vitro studies using the mouse bone marrow stromal cell line M2-10B4 and mouse primary bone marrow stromal cells confirmed that PPARγ knockdown inhibits BMP2-induced adipogenesis; attenuates BMP2-induced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and osteogenesis; and escalates BMP2-induced cell apoptosis. More important, BMP receptor 2 and 1B expression was also significantly inhibited by the combined BMP2 and PPARγ knockdown treatment. These findings indicate that PPARγ is critical for BMP2-mediated osteogenesis during bone repair. Thus, uncoupling BMP2-mediated osteogenesis and adipogenesis using PPARγ inhibition to combat BMP2's adverse effects may not be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchao Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China; Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Justine Tanjaya
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jia Shen
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Soonchul Lee
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Bharti Bisht
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hsin Chuan Pan
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shen Pang
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, and Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emily A Berthiaume
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eric Chen
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrew L Da Lio
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xinli Zhang
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kang Ting
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chia Soo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Knockdown of Fibromodulin Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of RPE Cell via the VEGFR2-AKT Pathway. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:5708537. [PMID: 30298106 PMCID: PMC6157207 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5708537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent research has provided novel insight into the function of fibromodulin (FMOD) in wound healing and angiogenesis. The role of FMOD in initiation of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) has not been studied. This study investigated the effect of FMOD on human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell, which plays an essential role in the progression of PVR, and the possible mechanisms. Methods Small interfering (si) RNA-based gene transfer technology was used to decrease FMOD expression and to study its effects on RPEs in vitro. Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, transwells, and flow cytometry analysis were used to measure cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Western blot was used to measure expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K/AKT). Results After transfection of RPEs with a FMOD-specific siRNA, cell proliferation and migration were inhibited to the percentage of 65% ± 5% and 39% ± 10%, respectively, compared to the control group. Depletion of FMOD induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in RPE cells. Downregulation of VEGF, VEGFR2, and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) were detected in transfected RPEs. Conclusion Depletion of FMOD selectively downregulated the expression of VEGF and VEGFR2 and inhibited the signaling pathway of AKT phosphorylation, which consequently inhibited the proliferation and migration of RPE Cell.
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20
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Andenæs K, Lunde IG, Mohammadzadeh N, Dahl CP, Aronsen JM, Strand ME, Palmero S, Sjaastad I, Christensen G, Engebretsen KVT, Tønnessen T. The extracellular matrix proteoglycan fibromodulin is upregulated in clinical and experimental heart failure and affects cardiac remodeling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201422. [PMID: 30052659 PMCID: PMC6063439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload of the heart leads to cardiac remodeling that may progress into heart failure, a common, morbid and mortal condition. Increased mechanistic insight into remodeling is instrumental for development of novel heart failure treatment. Cardiac remodeling comprises cardiomyocyte hypertrophic growth, extracellular matrix alterations including fibrosis, and inflammation. Fibromodulin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan that regulates collagen fibrillogenesis. Fibromodulin is expressed in the cardiac extracellular matrix, however its role in the heart remains largely unknown. We investigated fibromodulin levels in myocardial biopsies from heart failure patients and mice, subjected fibromodulin knock-out (FMOD-KO) mice to pressure overload by aortic banding, and overexpressed fibromodulin in cultured cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts using adenovirus. Fibromodulin was 3-10-fold upregulated in hearts of heart failure patients and mice. Both cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts expressed fibromodulin, and its expression was increased by pro-inflammatory stimuli. Without stress, FMOD-KO mice showed no cardiac phenotype. Upon aortic banding, left ventricles of FMOD-KO mice developed mildly exacerbated hypertrophic remodeling compared to wild-type mice, with increased cardiomyocyte size and altered infiltration of leukocytes. There were no differences in mortality, left ventricle dilatation, dysfunction or expression of heart failure markers. Although collagen amount and cross-linking were comparable in FMOD-KO and wild-type, overexpression of fibromodulin in cardiac fibroblasts in vitro decreased their migratory capacity and expression of fibrosis-associated molecules, i.e. the collagen-cross linking enzyme lysyl oxidase, transglutaminase 2 and periostin. In conclusion, despite a robust fibromodulin upregulation in clinical and experimental heart failure, FMOD-KO mice showed a relatively mild hypertrophic phenotype. In cultured cardiac fibroblasts, fibromodulin has anti-fibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kine Andenæs
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G. Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Naiyereh Mohammadzadeh
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christen P. Dahl
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari E. Strand
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheryl Palmero
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin V. T. Engebretsen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Surgery, Vestre Viken Hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Fibromodulin reduces scar formation in adult cutaneous wounds by eliciting a fetal-like phenotype. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2. [PMID: 29201497 PMCID: PMC5661627 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2017.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Blocking transforming growth factor (TGF)β1 signal transduction has been a central strategy for scar reduction; however, this approach appears to be minimally effective. Here, we show that fibromodulin (FMOD), a 59-kD small leucine-rich proteoglycan critical for normal collagen fibrillogenesis, significantly reduces scar formation while simultaneously increasing scar strength in both adult rodent models and porcine wounds, which simulate human cutaneous scar repair. Mechanistically, FMOD uncouples pro-migration/contraction cellular signals from pro-fibrotic signaling by selectively enhancing SMAD3-mediated signal transduction, while reducing AP-1-mediated TGFβ1 auto-induction and fibrotic extracellular matrix accumulation. Consequently, FMOD accelerates TGFβ1-responsive adult fibroblast migration, myofibroblast conversion, and function. Furthermore, our findings strongly indicate that, by delicately orchestrating TGFβ1 activities rather than indiscriminately blocking TGFβ1, FMOD elicits fetal-like cellular and molecular phenotypes in adult dermal fibroblasts in vitro and adult cutaneous wounds in vivo, which is a unique response of living system undescribed previously. Taken together, this study illuminates the signal modulating activities of FMOD beyond its structural support functions, and highlights the potential for FMOD-based therapies to be used in cutaneous wound repair.
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22
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Dawoody Nejad L, Biglari A, Annese T, Ribatti D. Recombinant fibromodulin and decorin effects on NF-κB and TGFβ1 in the 4T1 breast cancer cell line. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4475-4480. [PMID: 28599447 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) stimulates cell proliferation and metastasis, and inhibits apoptosis in breast cancer. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is deregulated in breast cancer progression and metastasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of the two small leucine rich proteoglycans fibromodulin (Fmod) and decorin (Dcn), overexpressed using adenovirus gene transfer, on NF-κB-activity and TGF-β1-expression in the highly metastatic 4T1 breast cancer cell line. The results demonstrate that Fmod and Dcn overexpression is associated with NF-κB and TGF-β1 downregulation, and that Fmod promotes this effect more effectively compared with Dcn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Dawoody Nejad
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45154 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Biglari
- Department of Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45154 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari Medical School, I-70124 Bari, Italy.,National Cancer Institute Giovanni Paolo II, I-70126 Bari, Italy
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Zheng Z, Zhang X, Dang C, Beanes S, Chang GX, Chen Y, Li CS, Lee KS, Ting K, Soo C. Fibromodulin Is Essential for Fetal-Type Scarless Cutaneous Wound Healing. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2824-2832. [PMID: 27665369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to adult and late-gestation fetal skin wounds, which heal with scar, early-gestation fetal skin wounds display a remarkable capacity to heal scarlessly. Although the underlying mechanism of this transition from fetal-type scarless healing to adult-type healing with scar has been actively investigated for decades, in utero restoration of scarless healing in late-gestation fetal wounds has not been reported. In this study, using loss- and gain-of-function rodent fetal wound models, we identified that fibromodulin (Fm) is essential for fetal-type scarless wound healing. In particular, we found that loss of Fm can eliminate the ability of early-gestation fetal rodents to heal without scar. Meanwhile, administration of fibromodulin protein (FM) alone was capable of restoring scarless healing in late-gestation rat fetal wounds, which naturally heal with scar, as characterized by dermal appendage restoration and organized collagen architectures that were virtually indistinguishable from those in age-matched unwounded skin. High Fm levels correlated with decreased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression and scarless repair, while low Fm levels correlated with increased TGF-β1 expression and scar formation. This study represents the first successful in utero attempt to induce scarless repair in late-gestation fetal wounds by using a single protein, Fm, and highlights the crucial role that the FM-TGF-β1 nexus plays in fetal-type scarless skin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xinli Zhang
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Catherine Dang
- Saul & Joyce Brandman Breast Center, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Grace X Chang
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yao Chen
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chen-Shuang Li
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kevin S Lee
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kang Ting
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; UCLA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Chia Soo
- UCLA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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24
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Fang S, Xu C, Zhang Y, Xue C, Yang C, Bi H, Qian X, Wu M, Ji K, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Liu H, Xing X. Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs Suppress Myofibroblast Differentiation by Inhibiting the Transforming Growth Factor-β/SMAD2 Pathway During Wound Healing. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1425-1439. [PMID: 27388239 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: Excessive scar formation caused by myofibroblast aggregations is of great clinical importance during skin wound healing. Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can promote skin regeneration, but whether MSCs contribute to scar formation remains undefined. We found that umbilical cord-derived MSCs (uMSCs) reduced scar formation and myofibroblast accumulation in a skin-defect mouse model. We found that these functions were mainly dependent on uMSC-derived exosomes (uMSC-Exos) and especially exosomal microRNAs. Through high-throughput RNA sequencing and functional analysis, we demonstrated that a group of uMSC-Exos enriched in specific microRNAs (miR-21, -23a, -125b, and -145) played key roles in suppressing myofibroblast formation by inhibiting the transforming growth factor-β2/SMAD2 pathway. Finally, using the strategy we established to block miRNAs inside the exosomes, we showed that these specific exosomal miRNAs were essential for the myofibroblast-suppressing and anti-scarring functions of uMSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Our study revealed a novel role of exosomal miRNAs in uMSC-mediated therapy, suggesting that the clinical application of uMSC-derived exosomes might represent a strategy to prevent scar formation during wound healing. SIGNIFICANCE Exosomes have been identified as a new type of major paracrine factor released by umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs). They have been reported to be an important mediator of cell-to-cell communication. However, it is still unclear precisely which molecule or group of molecules carried within MSC-derived exosomes can mediate myofibroblast functions, especially in the process of wound repair. The present study explored the functional roles of uMSC-exosomal microRNAs in the process of myofibroblast formation, which can cause excessive scarring. This is an unreported function of uMSC exosomes. Also, for the first time, the uMSC-exosomal microRNAs were examined by high-throughput sequencing, with a group of specific microRNAs (miR-21, miR-23a, miR-125b, and miR-145) found to play key roles in suppressing myofibroblast formation by inhibiting excess α-smooth muscle actin and collagen deposition associated with activity of the transforming growth factor-β/SMAD2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Fang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntong Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Trauma, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Xue
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongda Bi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xijing Qian
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjuan Wu
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihong Ji
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China Translational Medicine Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China Translational Medicine Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China Translational Medicine Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Houqi Liu
- Research Center of Developmental Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China Translational Medicine Center, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xing
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction, Shanghai Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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25
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Zhou R, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Fu S, Wang C. Aberrant miR-21 and miR-200b expression and its pro-fibrotic potential in hypertrophic scars. Exp Cell Res 2015; 339:360-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Wen G, Zhang C, Chen Q, Luong LA, Mustafa A, Ye S, Xiao Q. A Novel Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 in Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19158-72. [PMID: 26092731 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.634022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8) has been shown to influence various cellular functions. As monocytes and macrophages (Mφ) express MMP8, we investigated if MMP8 played a role in macrophage differentiation and polarization. MMP8 expression was significantly increased during monocyte differentiation into Mφ. Monocyte-derived Mφ from MMP8-deficient mice expressed higher levels of M1-Mφ markers but lower levels of M2-Mφ markers than monocyte-derived Mφ from wild-type mice. Although Mφ from either MMP8-deficient or wild-type mice were inducible by interferon-γ into M1-Mφ, only wild-type Mφ but not MMP8-deficient Mφ could be induced into M2-Mφ by interleukin-4. However, MMP8-deficient Mφ exposed to conditioned culture media of wild-type Mφ developed a M2-Mφ phenotype. Compared with conditioned culture media of wild-type Mφ, conditioned culture media of MMP8-deficient Mφ contained a lower concentration of active transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), an M2-Mφ inducer. Moreover, evidence also showed that the degradation of the TGF-β sequester, fibromodulin, was modulated by MMP8. The data indicate a previously unknown role of MMP8 in M2-Mφ polarization by cleaving fibromodulin and therefore increasing the bioavailability of the M2-Mφ inducer TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanmei Wen
- From the Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and the Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, 510182 Guangzhou, China, and
| | - Cheng Zhang
- From the Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and the Department of Thoracic Surgery and Cardio Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Qishan Chen
- From the Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and
| | | | - Arif Mustafa
- Biological Service Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Shu Ye
- From the Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and
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27
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Delalande A, Gosselin MP, Suwalski A, Guilmain W, Leduc C, Berchel M, Jaffrès PA, Baril P, Midoux P, Pichon C. Enhanced Achilles tendon healing by fibromodulin gene transfer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1735-44. [PMID: 26048315 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tendon injury is a major musculoskeletal disorder with a high public health impact. We propose a non-viral based strategy of gene therapy for the treatment of tendon injuries using histidylated vectors. Gene delivery of fibromodulin, a proteoglycan involved in collagen assembly was found to promote rat Achilles tendon repair in vivo and in vitro. In vivo liposome-based transfection of fibromodulin led to a better healing after surgical injury, biomechanical properties were better restored compared to untransfected control. These measures were confirmed by histological observations and scoring. To get better understandings of the mechanisms underlying fibromodulin transfection, an in vitro tendon healing model was developed. In vitro, polymer-based transfection of fibromodulin led to the best wound enclosure speed and a pronounced migration of tenocytes primary cultures was observed. These results suggest that fibromodulin non-viral gene therapy could be proposed as a new therapeutic strategy to accelerate tendon healing. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Tendon injury is relatively common and healing remains unsatisfactory. In this study, the effects of liposomal-based delivery of fibromodulin gene were investigated in a rat Achilles tendon injury model. The positive results observed would provide a new therapeutic strategy in clinical setting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Delalande
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, rue Charles Sadron, Orléans CEDEX 2, France
| | | | - Arnaud Suwalski
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, rue Charles Sadron, Orléans CEDEX 2, France
| | - William Guilmain
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, rue Charles Sadron, Orléans CEDEX 2, France
| | - Chloé Leduc
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, rue Charles Sadron, Orléans CEDEX 2, France
| | - Mathieu Berchel
- CEMCA, CNRS UMR 6521, IFR148 ScInBioS, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Paul-Alain Jaffrès
- CEMCA, CNRS UMR 6521, IFR148 ScInBioS, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Patrick Baril
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, rue Charles Sadron, Orléans CEDEX 2, France
| | - Patrick Midoux
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, rue Charles Sadron, Orléans CEDEX 2, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, rue Charles Sadron, Orléans CEDEX 2, France.
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28
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Fibromodulin Enhances Angiogenesis during Cutaneous Wound Healing. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2015; 2:e275. [PMID: 25587509 PMCID: PMC4292257 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Fibromodulin (FMOD) plays a critical role in the wound-healing process. Our previous studies revealed that FMOD deficiency led to marked alterations in adult wound healing characterized by delayed dermal cell migration, postponed wound closure, and increased scar formation, all accompanied by impeded angiogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal the effect of FMOD on angiogenesis during the wound-healing process. Methods: In vivo angiogenic effects of FMOD were assessed by a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay, a Matrigel (BD Bioscience, Franklin Lakes, N.J.) plug implant assay, and rodent primary closure wound models. In vitro angiogenic effects of FMOD were recorded by cell invasion and dimensional and topological parameters of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Results: We provided evidence that FMOD significantly enhanced vascularization: first, FMOD boosted blood vessel formation on the chorioallantoic membrane; second, FMOD markedly stimulated capillary infiltration into Matrigel plugs subcutaneously implanted in adult mice; and finally, FMOD robustly promoted angiogenesis in multiple adult rodent cutaneous wound models. Furthermore, FMOD administration restored the vascularity of fmod−/− mouse wounds. In support of this, FMOD endorsed an angiogenesis-favored microenvironment in adult rodent wounds not only by upregulating angiogenic genes but also by downregulating angiostatic genes. In addition, FMOD significantly enhanced human umbilical vein endothelial cell invasion and tube-like structure formation in vitro. Conclusions: Altogether, we demonstrated that in addition to reducing scar formation, FMOD also promotes angiogenesis. As blood vessels organize and regulate wound healing, its potent angiogenic properties will further expand the clinical application of FMOD for cutaneous healing of poorly vascularized wounds.
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Lee CH, Yu CY, Chang SH, Hung KC, Liu SJ, Wang CJ, Hsu MY, Hsieh IC, Chen WJ, Ko YS, Wen MS. Promoting endothelial recovery and reducing neointimal hyperplasia using sequential-like release of acetylsalicylic acid and paclitaxel-loaded biodegradable stents. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4117-33. [PMID: 25206303 PMCID: PMC4157626 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s67721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This work reports on the development of a biodegradable dual-drug-eluting stent with sequential-like and sustainable drug-release of anti-platelet acetylsalicylic acid and anti-smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferative paclitaxel. METHODS To fabricate the biodegradable stents, poly-L-lactide strips are first cut from a solvent-casted film. They are rolled onto the surface of a metal pin to form spiral stents. The stents are then consecutively covered by acetylsalicylic acid and paclitaxel-loaded polylactide-polyglycolide nanofibers via electrospinning. RESULTS Biodegradable stents exhibit mechanical properties that are superior to those of metallic stents. Biodegradable stents sequentially release high concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid and paclitaxel for more than 30 and 60 days, respectively. In vitro, the eluted drugs promote endothelial cell numbers on days 3 and 7, and reduce the proliferation of SMCs in weeks 2, 4, and 8. The stents markedly inhibit the adhesion of platelets on days 3, 7, and 14 relative to a non-drug-eluting stent. In vivo, the implanted stent is intact, and no stent thrombosis is observed in the stent-implanted vessels without the administration of daily oral acetylsalicylic acid. Promotion of endothelial recovery and inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia are also observed on the stented vessels. CONCLUSION The work demonstrates the efficiency and safety of the biodegradable dual-drug-eluting stents with sequential and sustainable drug release to diseased arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hung Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chun Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jung Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jan Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Hsu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Chang Hsieh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shien Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shien Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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