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Staland-Nyman C, Nurul Basar KM, Hultqvist J, Bertilsson M. The significance of managers' knowledge of common mental disorders on managerial stigma towards employee depression: a cross-sectional study in Sweden. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:378. [PMID: 38317109 PMCID: PMC10840239 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common mental disorders (CMD) such as depression, anxiety and stress-related disorders have increased in the working-age population in many countries but are still often associated with social stigma in workplaces. Managers have a key role in supporting employees with impaired health. Identifying factors that can improve stigmatizing attitudes among managers towards CMD is crucial. The aim of this study was to investigate managers' knowledge of CMD on managerial stigma; more specifically knowledge aquired through training and education and through occupational and personal experience of CMD on low managerial stigma towards employee depression. METHODS Data from a web-based survey conducted in 2017 among 3038 managers in Sweden were used. Managers' attitudes towards employee depression were measured using the Swedish version of the Managerial Stigma towards Employee Depression questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis, with adjustments for work setting and managerial experience, was conducted for associations between sources of knowledge of CMD and low managerial stigma. RESULTS With regard to knowledge acquired through training, medical training on CMD was significantly associated with a higher probability for low managerial stigma towards employee depression after adjustments (odds ratio [OR], 1.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-3.01), whereas no significant associations were found between knowledge acquired through managerial training on CMD or level of formal education and low managerial stigma. With regard to knowledge acquired through professional and personal experience, occupational experience of treating people with CMD was significantly associated with a higher probability for low managerial stigma (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.40-2.94) as was occupational experience of employees with CMD (1 employee: OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04-1.66); >1 employee, OR 1.35 (CI 1.05-1.73). Personal experience of CMD was significantly associated with low managerial stigma (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.60-2.46). CONCLUSIONS Managers' knowledge and understanding of CMD may increase the probability of a low level of managerial stigma towards employees with depression. Managers' professional and/or personal experiences of CMD were important sources of knowledge in relation to a low level of stigmatizing attitudes. Organizations should encourage the use of managers' experience-based knowledge of CMD in addition to training on CMD to reduce managerial stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin Staland-Nyman
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Box 100, S-405 30, Sweden.
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Box 823, S-301 18, Halmstad, Sweden.
| | - Kazi Mohammad Nurul Basar
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Box 100, S-405 30, Sweden
| | - Jenny Hultqvist
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, S-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monica Bertilsson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Box 100, S-405 30, Sweden
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Xiong J, Wen JL, Pei GS, Han X, He DQ. Effectiveness of Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for employees with depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2023; 29:268-281. [PMID: 35172706 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2022.2043647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. The effectiveness of Internet interventions for employees with depressive disorder remains controversial. We summarized all available evidence exploring the role of Internet interventions in reducing employees' depressive symptoms. Methods. This study was a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis that included acceptability and preliminary feasibility studies. We excluded programme descriptions, discussion articles and study protocols. We followed the PRISMA guidelines and searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science from database inception to May 2021 for articles published in English. We extracted data concerning demographics, intervention format, including Internet interventions, control group conditions and outcome measures. We used a random-effects model and calculated Hedges' g values for the scores of employees receiving Internet interventions versus control conditions. This systematic review is registered as INPLASY202160082. Results. Data from 19 studies were included. These 19 studies included 5898 participants (2813 participants received Internet interventions, 3085 participants were in control groups). Conclusions. The findings suggest that Internet interventions can be effective in improving depression in employees. However, more randomized controlled trials are needed to provide better evidence regarding Internet interventions for employees with depression, and robust studies are needed to observe the effectiveness of Internet interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiong
- School of Marxism, Chongqing University, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lin Wen
- School of Marxism, Chongqing University, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Shu Pei
- School of Marxism, Chongqing University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Marxism, Chongqing University, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Qing He
- School of Humanities, Mianyang Polytechnic, People's Republic of China
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Rothermund E, Pößnecker T, Antes A, Kilian R, Kessemeier F, von Wietersheim J, Mayer D, Rieger MA, Gündel H, Hölzer M, Balint EM, Mörtl K. Conceptual Framework of a Psychotherapeutic Consultation in the Workplace: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14894. [PMID: 36429612 PMCID: PMC9690206 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: A new health care offer called 'psychotherapeutic consultation in the workplace' is an early and effective intervention for employees with common mental disorders. Although cost-effective, it lacks a broader roll-out. This might be attributable to undefined context, mechanisms of change, and a lack of communication; therefore, this study explores how the new model works and where problems occur. (2) Methods: Semi-structured interviews on motivation, expectations and experiences with 20 involved experts. Experts were members of the company health promotion team, service users, and cooperating mental health specialists. Analysis was conducted with ATLAS.ti. (3) Results: The conceptual framework comprises three main topics: (a) structured implementation concept; (b) persons involved, shaping the concept's processes; (c) and meaning and function of the offer within the given context. Concerning (c) we found three potential areas of conflict: (1) intra-corporate conflicts, (2) conflicts between company and employee, (3) and conflicts between the company health promotion and the health care system. Category (c) comprises the offer's core characteristics which were described as low-threshold and preventive. Furthermore, the offer was perceived as convenient in handling, confidential, and having immediate impact on a person's well-being. (4) Conclusions: Here we define structures, address the needs of the involved persons, and communicate foreseeable areas of conflict influences whether the implementation of the intervention succeeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rothermund
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Leadership Personality Center Ulm (LPCU), Ulm University, Kornhausgasse 9, 89073 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Pößnecker
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Leadership Personality Center Ulm (LPCU), Ulm University, Kornhausgasse 9, 89073 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Antes
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University Medical Center at BKH Günzburg, Lindenallee 2, 89312 Günzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Kessemeier
- Leadership Personality Center Ulm (LPCU), Ulm University, Kornhausgasse 9, 89073 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörn von Wietersheim
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Dorothea Mayer
- Health and Safety Sindelfingen, Daimler AG, Bela-Barenyi-Straße, 71059 Sindelfingen, Germany
| | - Monika A. Rieger
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Clinic Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Leadership Personality Center Ulm (LPCU), Ulm University, Kornhausgasse 9, 89073 Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Hölzer
- Leadership Personality Center Ulm (LPCU), Ulm University, Kornhausgasse 9, 89073 Ulm, Germany
- Sonnenbergklinik, ZfP Südwürttemberg, Christian-Belser-Straße 79, 70597 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elisabeth M. Balint
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Leadership Personality Center Ulm (LPCU), Ulm University, Kornhausgasse 9, 89073 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathrin Mörtl
- Faculty of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University, Freudplatz 1, 1020 Vienna, Austria
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França MH, Pereira FG, Wang YP, Andrade LH, Alonso J, Viana MC. Individual and population level estimates of work loss and related economic costs due to mental and substance use disorders in Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil. J Affect Disord 2022; 296:198-207. [PMID: 34610514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We estimate work loss and economic costs due to mental and substance use disorders in the economically active population of the São Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil. METHODS The São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey assessed a population-based sample of 3,007 economically active residents using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2 to investigate, respectively, 12-month psychiatric disorders, work performance, and economic costs. RESULTS Absenteeism over the past 12 months was reported by 12.6%, and presenteeism by 14.7% (qualitative loss) and 13.1% (quantitative loss). Having any mental disorder was associated with 17.6 days of absenteeism and 37.7 days of reduced-qualitative and/or quantitative functioning. Fourteen mental disorders were significantly associated with work loss, with odds ratios ranging from 2.3 for adult separation anxiety to 40.4 for oppositional defiant disorder. At a population-level, oppositional defiant disorder, panic disorder, attention deficit disorder, and dysthymia contributed to the largest costs. The total annual economic costs were USD $83.2 billion/year, representing 6.1% of Brazil's Gross Domestic Product in 2007. LIMITATIONS Diagnosis of mental disorders was based on self-reported symptoms. Work loss assessment was restricted to 30 days before the interview and may not fully represents the annual real experience and symptoms of the respondents which would lead to an overestimation of the burden. CONCLUSIONS Mental disorders impose a great negative impact on work performance and functioning, with a consequent high economic burden, pointing to the need of implementing cost-effective interventions to prevent work loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavia Garcia Pereira
- Post graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Yuan-Pang Wang
- Instituto and Departamento de Psiquiatria (LIM-23), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Helena Andrade
- Section of Psychiatric Epidemiology - LIM 23, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, Medical School, São Paulo, SP- Brazil
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Viana
- Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Av. Marechal Campos 1468; Vitória/ES - Brazil; Post graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
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Niki A, Deguchi Y, Iwasaki S, Mitake T, Okuda Y, Sakaguchi A, Hirota T, Shirahama Y, Nakamichi Y, Inoue K. Gender differences in self-perceived changes among Japanese workers with depression. Occup Med (Lond) 2021; 70:680-684. [PMID: 33247305 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqaa202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of patients living with depression continues to increase in Japan. The economic effects of depression include loss of productivity due to both absenteeism and presenteeism. Gender differences have been reported in prevalence, onset pathways and subjective symptoms of depression. AIMS To understand how workers with major depressive disorder (MDD) perceive problems in the workplace and examine gender differences in their self-perceived levels of functioning at work, noticed during the initial stages of depression. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of Japanese workers with MDD. Participants' self-perceived changes in the level of functioning at work were surveyed after the diagnosis during the first visit. The relationship between gender and changes in the level of functioning at work as initially perceived by the participants themselves was analysed using the chi-square test, supplemented by a residual analysis. RESULTS We administered the survey to 147 workers with MDD. In terms of gender differences in initial self-perceived changes in the level of functioning at work, the proportion of men reporting reduced work efficiency was significantly higher than that of women, while the proportion of women reporting deterioration in relationships with colleagues and superiors was significantly higher than that of men. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that greater attention to reduced work efficiency by men and to deterioration in work relationships by women with MDD should be essential components of self-care. Managers need to pay attention to the level of functioning and provide adequate social support for employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Niki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Deguchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Mitake
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Okuda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Sakaguchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Hirota
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Shirahama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Nakamichi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Inoue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Lyhne CN, Nielsen CV, Kristiansen ST, Bjerrum MB. 'Work is a motivator in life' Strategies in managing work participation among highly educated employees with depression. Work 2021; 69:1063-1073. [PMID: 34219699 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work participation among employees with depression is hampered due to cognitive impairments. Although studies show higher levels of work disability among people with a lower education, highly educated employees may encounter specific challenges in fulfilling their work role due to the cognitive impairments of depression, as they often perform cognitively demanding jobs. There is little knowledge about their challenges and opportunities with regard to work participation. OBJECTIVE To investigate how highly educated employees with depression manage work participation by focusing on their views on opportunities and challenges in fulfilling their work role. METHODS Eight individual interviews with highly educated employees with depression were conducted. Transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The analysis revealed four categories: struggling with acknowledging depression and disclosure; fear of being stigmatised at work; work is a motivator in life; and striving to fulfil the work role at the expense of private life activities. CONCLUSIONS Highly educated employees with depression need guidance regarding the disclosure of information about health issues and work ability. To successfully manage their work role, they need a clear plan with outlined tasks, demands and goals. Healthcare professionals and workplaces should support them in setting limits with regard to work tasks and working hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie N Lyhne
- Research Unit of Nursing and Healthcare, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claus V Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,DEFACTUM, Central Denmark Region, Denmark.,Regional Hospital West Jutland, Herning, Denmark
| | - Sanne T Kristiansen
- Research Unit of Nursing and Healthcare, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete B Bjerrum
- Research Unit of Nursing and Healthcare, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,The Centre of Clinical Guidelines - Danish National Clearing House, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,The Danish Centre of Systematic Reviews - A JBI Centre of Excellence, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Reavley NJ, Morgan AJ, Fischer JA, Kitchener BA, Bovopoulos N, Jorm AF. Longer-term effectiveness of eLearning and blended delivery of Mental Health First Aid training in the workplace: 2-Year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. Internet Interv 2021; 25:100434. [PMID: 34401393 PMCID: PMC8350594 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence relating to long-term outcomes of online education programs is largely lacking and head-to-head comparisons of different delivery formats are very rare. The aims of the study were to test whether eLearning Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) or blended training (eLearning plus face-to-face course delivery), implemented in an Australian public sector workplace, were more effective than a control intervention at 1-year and 2-year follow-up, and whether blended MHFA training was more effective than eLearning alone. MATERIAL AND METHODS Australian public servants (n = 608 at baseline) were randomly assigned to complete an eLearning MHFA course, a blended MHFA course or Red Cross eLearning Provide First Aid (PFA) (the control) and completed online questionnaires pre- and post-training and one and two years later (n = 289, n = 272, n = 243 at post, 1- and 2-year follow-up respectively). The questionnaires were based on vignettes describing a person with depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Primary outcomes were mental health first aid knowledge, desire for social distance and quality of support provided to a person in the workplace. Secondary outcomes were recognition of mental health problems, beliefs about treatment, helping intentions and confidence, personal stigma, quality of support provided to a person outside the workplace, self-reported professional help seeking and psychological distress. RESULTS At 1-year follow-up, both eLearning and blended courses produced greater improvements than PFA training in knowledge, confidence and intentions to help a person with depression or PTSD, beliefs about dangerousness and desire for social distance. At 2-year follow-up, some of these improvements were maintained, particularly those relating to knowledge and intentions to help someone with PTSD. When eLearning and blended courses were compared at 1-year follow-up, the blended course led to greater improvements in knowledge and in confidence and intentions to help a person with depression. At 2-year follow-up, improvements in the quality of help provided to a person with a mental health problem outside the workplace were greater in participants in the blended course. CONCLUSIONS Both blended and eLearning MHFA courses led to significant longer-term improvements in knowledge, attitudes and intentions to help a person with a mental health problem. Blended MHFA training led to an improvement in the quality of helping behaviours and appears to be more effective than online training alone.Trial registrationACTRN12614000623695 registered on 13/06/2014 (prospectively registered).Trial registry record url: https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=366410&isReview=true.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J. Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, 207 Bouverie Street, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia,Corresponding author.
| | - Amy J. Morgan
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, 207 Bouverie Street, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Julie-Anne Fischer
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, 207 Bouverie Street, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Betty A. Kitchener
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, 369 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nataly Bovopoulos
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, 369 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anthony F. Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, 207 Bouverie Street, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Zadow AJ, Dollard MF, Dormann C, Landsbergis P. Predicting new major depression symptoms from long working hours, psychosocial safety climate and work engagement: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044133. [PMID: 34162636 PMCID: PMC8211051 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess the association between long working hours, psychosocial safety climate (PSC), work engagement (WE) and new major depression symptoms emerging over the next 12 months. PSC is the work climate supporting workplace psychological health. SETTING Australian prospective cohort population data from the states of New South Wales, Western Australia and South Australia. PARTICIPANTS At Time 1, there were 3921 respondents in the sample. Self-employed, casual temporary, unclassified, those with working hours <35 (37% of 2850) and participants with major depression symptoms at Time 1 (6.7% of 1782) were removed. The final sample was a population-based cohort of 1084 full-time Australian employees. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The planned and measured outcomes were new cases of major depression symptoms. RESULTS Long working hours were not significantly related to new cases of major depression symptoms; however, when mild cases were removed, the 41-48 and ≥55 long working hour categories were positively related to major depression symptoms. Low PSC was associated with a threefold increase in risk for new major depression symptoms. PSC was not related to long working hours, and long working hours did not mediate the relationship between PSC and new cases of major depression symptoms. The inverse relationship between PSC and major depression symptoms was stronger for males than females. Additional analyses identified that WE was positively related to long working hours. Long working hours (41-48 and ≥55 hours) mediated a positive relationship between WE and major depression symptoms when mild cases of major depression were removed. CONCLUSION The results suggest that low workplace PSC and potentially long working hours (41-48; ≥55 hours/week) increase the risk of new major depression symptoms. Furthermore, high WE may increase long working hours and subsequent major depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Jane Zadow
- Centre for Workplace Excellence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maureen F Dollard
- Centre for Workplace Excellence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, Institute of Work, Health and Organisations, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christian Dormann
- Faculty of Law, Management and Economics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Landsbergis
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, State University of New York Downstate School of Public Health, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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Hastuti R, Timming AR. An inter-disciplinary review of the literature on mental illness disclosure in the workplace: implications for human resource management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2021.1875494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Hastuti
- School of Management, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Islamic Business and Economics, IAIN, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
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Campbell MA, Gunning JG. Strategies to improve mental health and well-being within the UK construction industry. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-MANAGEMENT PROCUREMENT AND LAW 2020. [DOI: 10.1680/jmapl.19.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This is a report of a mixed-methods research study into enhancing the mental health and well-being of construction workers in the UK. Data collection concerning current practice involved an extensive literature review, interviews with construction and medical professionals and an email survey of 126 workers using 77 questions. The findings indicated that there are major mental health problems within the industry, which are proving difficult to combat because of the associated stigma. The research highlighted that in many physical health incidents, participants may neglect their responsibilities by inadequate control measures or incomplete protective equipment. There was investigation of workplace sentiments, environmental conditions, workload and pressure, social context and stigma, hazard awareness, mental health training, education and advice. Recommendations included group activities in appropriate spaces, self-help programmes and guides, volunteering, health screenings and site-specific briefings with suitable visual aids. An implication for practice is that management should focus more on the thoughts and feelings of workers to improve their engagement with the workplace and assist with their work/life balance while maintaining a safe working environment at all times. This paper concludes with a list of improvement strategies for consideration by both employers and workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Campbell
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
| | - Joseph G Gunning
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
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Knapstad M, Sæther SMM, Hensing G, Smith ORF. Prompt Mental Health Care (PMHC): work participation and functional status at 12 months post-treatment. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:85. [PMID: 32019521 PMCID: PMC7001227 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-4932-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are associated with substantial functional impairment. Prompt Mental Health Care (PMHC), the Norwegian adaptation of IAPT is currently piloted across Norway, as a means to improve access to evidence-based care for adults with anxiety disorders (including subthreshold cases) and minor to moderate depression. The aims of the current paper were to examine the change in work status and functional status from pre- to post-treatment and 12 months post-treatment among clients at the first 12 PMHC pilot sites, and whether degree of change differed across sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS A prospective cohort design was used, including working age clients receiving treatment between October 2014 and December 2016 (n = 1446, participation rate = 61%). Work status and functional status were self-reported, the latter by the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS). Changes in work status and WSAS score were examined through multilevel models based on maximum likelihood estimation. Likelihood ratio tests were performed to determine whether the interaction between time and the respective background variables were statistically significant. RESULTS A substantial increase in regular work participation was observed from pre- to post-treatment, which further had increased at 12 months post-treatment. The increase was driven by a corresponding reduction in proportion of clients working and receiving benefits (OR 0.38 [0.29-0.50] baseline to final treatment, OR = 0.19 [0.12-0.32] final treatment to 12-months post-treatment), while no statistically significant change was observed in proportion out of work. Large improvement (ES = - 0.89) in WSAS score was observed from pre- to post treatment. WSAS score at 12 months post-treatment remained at the post-treatment level. CONCLUSIONS Previous research has shown substantial symptom improvement among clients receiving treatment in PMHC. The current findings indicate that PMHC might also be able to aid adults struggling with mild to moderate anxiety and depression in returning to usual level of functioning. The degree to which the observed improvements are attributable to the treatment need nonetheless to be confirmed in a trial including a control group and with more complete follow-up data from registries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Knapstad
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, P.B. 7807, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Zander Kaaes gate 7, N-5015 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Gunnel Hensing
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Otto Robert Frans Smith
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Zander Kaaes gate 7, N-5015 Bergen, Norway
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Dalkou M, Angelopoulou P, Montgomery A, Panagopoulou E. Can self-pampering act as a buffer against depression in women? A cross-sectional study. Health Psychol Res 2019; 7:7967. [PMID: 31872145 PMCID: PMC6904847 DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2019.7967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite preliminary evidence that self-pampering can alleviate psychological burden that may lead to depression among women, no studies have so far examined the link between pampering and depression. The aim of this study was to explore the differential effect of pampering on depression depending on women’s marital, parental, or caregiving status. A cross-sectional design was employed. The sample consisted of 154 women employees of the municipal authority of Thessaloniki, Greece. The Pampering Behaviors Inventory was developed for the purposes of the present study. Depression was assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Controlling for the effects of age, self-pampering was negatively related to depression (p=.001). Married women, women with children, and women caregivers engaged in self-pampering activities less frequently. Married women who did not use pampering were more depressed than married women who used pampering (p=.002). Women with children who did not use pampering were more depressed than women with children who used pampering (p=.004). Results of the present study contribute to a deeper understanding of the importance of self-pampering as a buffer against depression. Given the rising prevalence of depression today, it is essential to explore the potential of minimal interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Dalkou
- Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
| | | | - Anthony Montgomery
- Department of Social and Educational Policy, University of Macedonia, Greece
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Wan Mohd Yunus WMA, Musiat P, Brown JS. Evaluating the Feasibility of an Innovative Self-Confidence Webinar Intervention for Depression in the Workplace: A Proof-of-Concept Study. JMIR Ment Health 2019; 6:e11401. [PMID: 31025943 PMCID: PMC6658313 DOI: 10.2196/11401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression in the workplace is a very common problem that exacerbates employees' functioning and consequently influences the productivity of organizations. Despite the commonness of the problem and the currently available interventions, a high proportion of employees do not seek help. A new intervention, a webinar (Web-based seminar), was developed, which integrated the use of technology and the traditional guided therapist support to provide accessible help for the problem of depression in the workplace. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility, preliminary outcome, and acceptability of the webinar intervention conducted in organizations. METHODS In total, 2 organizations were invited to participate, and 33 employees participated in this proof-of-concept study. The webinar intervention consisted of 6 1-hour sessions conducted via the Adobe Connect platform, developed by Adobe Inc. The intervention was developed based on a systematic review, focus group studies, and face-to-face self-confidence workshops that utilized cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). The final webinar intervention used CBT and the coping flexibility approach. The structure of the intervention included PowerPoint presentations, animation videos, utilization of chat panels, and whiteboard features. The intervention was conducted live and guided by a consultant psychologist assisted by a moderator. Study outcomes were self-assessed using self-reported Web surveys. The acceptability of the intervention was assessed using self-reported user experience Web surveys and open-ended questions. RESULTS The findings showed: (1) evidence of feasibility of the intervention: the webinar intervention was successfully conducted in 3 groups, with 6 1-hour sessions for each group, with 82% (23/28) participants completing all 6 sessions; (2) positive improvements in depression: the linear mixed effects modeling analysis recorded a significant overall effect of time primarily for depression (F2, 48.813=31.524; P<.001) with a Hedge g effect size of 0.522 at 1-month follow-up. Individually, 8 subjects showed significant reliable and clinically significant changes, with 3 subjects showing clinically significant change only; and (3) encouraging evidence regarding the acceptability of the webinar intervention among the employees: the user experience score was above average for 4 out of 6 domains measured (perspicuity mean 1.198 [95% CI 0.832-1.564], efficiency mean 1.000 [95% CI 0.571-1.429], dependability mean 1.208 [95% CI 0.899-1.517], and stimulation mean 1.323 [95% CI 0.987-1.659]). The open-ended questions also yielded 52% (47/91) of the responses that reported facilitators, whereas only 12% (11/91) of the responses reported barriers. CONCLUSIONS The self-confidence webinar intervention appears to be a potentially feasible, effective, and acceptable intervention for depression in the workplace that merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Mohd Azam Wan Mohd Yunus
- Department of Psychology, School of Human Resource Development and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.,Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Musiat
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - June Sl Brown
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Al Jarad A, Al Hadi A, Al Garatli A, Akram A, Alsaeidi D, Al Mansour F, El Amin H, Khaled M, Alharthi N, Al Owesie R, Abdullah S, Matar T, Darwish T. Impact of Cognitive Dysfunction in the Middle East Depressed Patients: The ICMED Study. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2018; 14:270-283. [PMID: 30972126 PMCID: PMC6407647 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901814010270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Major depressive disorder is a common condition with a high rate of recurrence, chronicity, and affecting economic burden, including disability in the workplace, which leads to negative consequences on both individuals and society. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the impact of cognitive dysfunction, as declared by the patient, on performing daily tasks/activities among patients with major depression disorder (MDD). Methods: This investigation is based on multinational cross-sectional survey of 499 workers recruited from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and United Arab Emirates (UAE). We assessed the severity of depression by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Impact of Depression in the Workplace in Europe Audit (IDEA) survey and trial making test (TMT) parts A and B were used to assess the impact of cognitive dysfunction on performing daily tasks/activities in adult patients presented with MDD. Results: A total of 499 persons were included in this study, aged 18–66 years, current workers and managers. Of them, 17.8% were normal (remitted), 22.4% were mildly depressed, 23.4% were moderately depressed, 8.6% were severely depressed, and 27.7% were very severely depressed at the time of the study according to HDRS. Common symptoms attributable to depression were low mode or sadness (89.8%), followed by insomnia (75.2%) and crying (70.9%). Of them, low mode or sadness was the most common factor affecting the work performance (90.2%). About 66.3% of participants diagnosed with depression by a doctor/medical professional. Awareness of the disease was recognizable by patients’ managers in only 31.9% of the cases. Furthermore, 45.3% of cases had taken off work due to depression with mean duration of 38.7 (95% CI 37.7 to 39.7) days. The mean TMT parts A and B score were 69.2 (95% CI 66.3 to 72.2) and 126.6 (95% CI 121 to 132), respectively. Lastly, a significant positive correlation between the mean score for HDRS and TMT-A and B scores was observed. Conclusion: Depression affects work productivity and work environment with negative consequences to countries’ economy. Awareness of depression in the workplace in KSA and UAE is still suboptimal. The personal and societal burden of this issue cannot be neglected when we become aware of the proportion of affected people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulqader Al Jarad
- Psychiatric Department, King Saud University, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Ahmad Al Hadi
- Psychiatric Department, King Saud University, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Ali Al Garatli
- Psychiatric Department in King Fahd Medical City, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Aly Akram
- Psychiatric Department, Cairo University, Egypt and Psychiatric Department at Dr Erfan Hospital, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Dakhil Alsaeidi
- Psychiatric Departments, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, KSA
| | | | - Hany El Amin
- Psychiatric Department, Cairo University, Egypt and Psychiatric Department at Dr Erfan Hospital, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Mohamed Khaled
- Psychiatric Departments, Saudi German Hospital, Jeddah, KSA
| | | | | | - Samia Abdullah
- Psychiatric Departments, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, UAE
| | - Talaat Matar
- Psychiatric Departments, Saif Hospital, Ras Al-Khaimah, UAE
| | - Tarek Darwish
- Psychiatric Departments, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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15
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Evans-Lacko S, Knapp M. Is manager support related to workplace productivity for people with depression: a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey from 15 countries. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021795. [PMID: 30037899 PMCID: PMC6059307 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine variations in manager reactions and support for people with depression and to investigate how these reactions are related to (1) absenteeism and (2) presenteeism due to depression among employees with self-reported depression across 15 diverse countries. DESIGN Secondary data analysis of cross-sectional survey data. SETTING 15 countries, diverse in geographical region and gross domestic product (GDP): Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Spain, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey and the USA. PARTICIPANTS 16 018 employees and managers (approximately 1000 per country). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES We assessed level of absenteeism as measured by number of days taken off work because of depression and presenteeism score. RESULTS On average, living in a country with a greater prevalence of managers saying that they avoided talking to the employee about depression was associated with employees with depression taking more days off work (B 4.13, 95% CI 1.68 to 6.57). On average, living in a country with a higher GDP was marginally associated with employees with depression taking more days off of work (p=0.09). On average, living in a country with a greater prevalence of managers actively offering help to employees with depression was associated with higher levels of presenteeism (B 7.08, 95% CI 6.59 to 7.58). Higher country GDP was associated with greater presenteeism among employees with depression (B 3.09, 95% CI 2.31 to 3.88). CONCLUSIONS Manager reactions were at least as important as country financial resources. When controlling for country GDP, working in an environment where managers felt comfortable to offer help and support to the employee rather than avoid them was independently associated with less absenteeism and more presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Evans-Lacko
- Personal Social Services, Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Martin Knapp
- Personal Social Services, Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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16
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AlMenhali EA, Khalid K, Iyanna S. Testing the psychometric properties of the Environmental Attitudes Inventory on undergraduate students in the Arab context: A test-retest approach. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195250. [PMID: 29758021 PMCID: PMC5951589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Environmental Attitudes Inventory (EAI) was developed to evaluate the multidimensional nature of environmental attitudes; however, it is based on a dataset from outside the Arab context. This study reinvestigated the construct validity of the EAI with a new dataset and confirmed the feasibility of applying it in the Arab context. One hundred and forty-eight subjects in Study 1 and 130 in Study 2 provided valid responses. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to extract a new factor structure in Study 1, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed in Study 2. Both studies generated a seven-factor model, and the model fit was discussed for both the studies. Study 2 exhibited satisfactory model fit indices compared to Study 1. Factor loading values of a few items in Study 1 affected the reliability values and average variance extracted values, which demonstrated low discriminant validity. Based on the results of the EFA and CFA, this study showed sufficient model fit and suggested the feasibility of applying the EAI in the Arab context with a good construct validity and internal consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalizani Khalid
- Department of Management, College of Business Administration, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- * E-mail:
| | - Shilpa Iyanna
- Department of Marketing, College of Business Administration, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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17
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Li LMW. Can job autonomy attenuate the effect of depression on employees' well-being? It may depend on culture. J Ment Health 2018; 28:181-188. [PMID: 29698061 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2018.1466043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the leading causes of work disability. Thus, it is important to explore possible ways to reduce its impact on employees. AIMS The current research examined whether promoting job autonomy would attenuate the detrimental effect of depression on employees' well-being. METHODS Study 1 included the data from 5974 full-time employees from China. Full-time employees living in India, a collectivistic culture, and the United States, an individualistic culture, were recruited online in Study 2. RESULTS Study 1 revealed that job autonomy moderated the influence of depression on job strain and perceived control mediated this interaction effect. Specifically, job autonomy weakened the detrimental effect of depression on job strain via weakening the association between depression and perceived control. The data from the 258 full-time employees in Study 2 replicated the findings and found that job autonomy had a stronger attenuating effect on the influence of depression in India than it had in the United States. CONCLUSIONS Job autonomy was found to be an effective way to reduce the negative impact of depression on employees' well-being, a finding that should be considered when organizations develop their work policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liman Man Wai Li
- a Department of Psychology , The Education University of Hong Kong , Tai Po , Hong Kong , China and.,b Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong , Tai Po , Hong Kong , China
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18
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Henderson C, Robinson E, Evans-Lacko S, Thornicroft G. Relationships between anti-stigma programme awareness, disclosure comfort and intended help-seeking regarding a mental health problem. Br J Psychiatry 2017; 211:316-322. [PMID: 28935661 PMCID: PMC5663972 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.195867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundAnti-stigma programmes should aim to increase disclosure to those who can support someone with a mental health problem and appropriate professional help-seeking.AimsWe investigated associations among public awareness of England's Time to Change anti-stigma campaign and: (a) comfort envisaged in disclosing a mental health problem to family and friends; (b) comfort in disclosing to an employer; and (c) intended professional help-seeking from a general practitioner, i.e. a physician working in primary care.MethodUsing data from a survey of a nationally representative sample of adults, we created separate logistic regression models to test for campaign awareness and other variables as predictors of comfort in disclosure and intended help-seeking.ResultsWe found positive relationships between campaign awareness and comfort in disclosing to family and friends (odds ratio (OR) = 1.27, 95% CI 1.14-1.43) and to a current or prospective employer (OR=1.20, 95% CI 1.06-1.35); and likelihood of help-seeking (OR=1.18 95% CI 1.03-1.36).ConclusionsAwareness of an anti-stigma campaign was associated with greater comfort in disclosing a mental health problem and intended help-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Henderson
- Claire Henderson, MRCPsych, PhD, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London; Emily Robinson, MSc, Biostatistics & Health Informatics Department, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London; Sara Evans-Lacko, PhD, Graham Thornicroft, PhD, FRCPsych, Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
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19
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Waugh W, Lethem C, Sherring S, Henderson C. Exploring experiences of and attitudes towards mental illness and disclosure amongst health care professionals: a qualitative study. J Ment Health 2017; 26:457-463. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1322184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Waugh
- Department of Psychology, King’s College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK,
| | - Claudia Lethem
- Department of Psychology, King’s College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK,
| | | | - Claire Henderson
- Health Service and Population Research Department, King’s College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
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20
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Rothermund E, Kilian R, Rottler E, Mayer D, Hölzer M, Rieger MA, Gündel H. Improving Access to Mental Health Care by Delivering Psychotherapeutic Care in the Workplace: A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169559. [PMID: 28056101 PMCID: PMC5215922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Common mental disorders like mood and anxiety disorders and somatoform disorders have high costs, yet under-treatment is still frequent. Many people with common mental disorders are employed, so the workplace is potentially a suitable context in which to provide early treatment. Our study investigates whether a change of setting (workplace versus standard care) improves access to treatment for common mental disorders. METHODS Conditional latent profile analysis was applied to identify user profiles for work ability (WAI), clinical symptoms like depression (patient health questionnaire depression, PHQ-9), health-related quality of life (QoL, SF-12), and work-related stress (Maslach Burnout Inventory, irritation scale). Patients were recruited consecutively, via psychotherapeutic consultation in the workplace (n = 174) or psychotherapeutic consultation in outpatient care (n = 193). RESULTS We identified four user profiles in our model: 'severe' (n = 99), 'moderate I-low QoL' (n = 88), 'moderate II-low work ability' (n = 83), and 'at risk' (n = 97). The 'at risk' profile encompassed individuals with reduced work ability (36.0, 34.73 to 37.37), only mild clinical symptoms (PHQ-9 5.7, 4.92 to 6.53), no signs of work-related stress and good quality of life. A higher proportion of the 'at risk' group than of the 'severe' group sought help via the psychotherapeutic consultation in the workplace (OR 0.287, P < 0.01); this effect remained after controlling for gender. CONCLUSIONS Offering secondary mental health care in the workplace is feasible and accepted by users. Offering treatment in the workplace as an alternative to standard outpatient settings is a viable strategy for improving access to treatment for common mental disorders.
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Grants
- Young scientists program of the German network "Health Services Research Baden-Wuerttemberg" of the Ministry for Science, Research and Arts in collaboration with the Ministry for Work and Social Affairs, Family, Women, and Senior Citizens, Baden-Wuerttemberg. In addition, the company CASSIDIAN, now Airbus, supported the evaluation of the psychosomatic consultation in the context of company health management. The work of the Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research Tuebingen is supported by an unrestricted grant of the employers' association of the metal and electric industry Baden-Wuerttemberg (Suedwestmetall). Suedwestmetall provided support in the form of partial salary for authors [MAR], Daimler AG provided support in the form of salary for authors [DM]. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. The funders did not have any role in analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of the authors MAR and DM are articulated in the 'author contributions' section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rothermund
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry II, University Hospital Ulm, BKH Günzburg, Germany
| | - Edit Rottler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Monika A. Rieger
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Competence Centre Health Services Research, Medical Faculty Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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21
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Evans-Lacko S, Knapp M. Global patterns of workplace productivity for people with depression: absenteeism and presenteeism costs across eight diverse countries. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; 51:1525-1537. [PMID: 27667656 PMCID: PMC5101346 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Research suggests that by far, the greatest contributor to the overall economic impact of depression is loss in productivity; however, there is very little research on the costs of depression outside of Western high-income countries. Thus, this study examines the impact of depression on workplace productivity across eight diverse countries. METHODS We estimated the extent and costs of depression-related absenteeism and presenteeism in the workplace across eight countries: Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, South Africa, and the USA. We also examined the individual, workplace, and societal factors associated with lower productivity. RESULTS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the impact of depression on workplace productivity across a diverse set of countries, in terms of both culture and GDP. Mean annual per person costs for absenteeism were lowest in South Korea at $181 and highest in Japan ($2674). Mean presenteeism costs per person were highest in the USA ($5524) and Brazil ($5788). Costs associated with presenteeism tended to be 5-10 times higher than those associated with absenteeism. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the impact of depression in the workplace is considerable across all countries, both in absolute monetary terms and in relation to proportion of country GDP. Overall, depression is an issue deserving much greater attention, regardless of a country's economic development, national income or culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Evans-Lacko
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE UK
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London, London, UK
| | - M. Knapp
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE UK
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22
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Kleiboer A, Smit J, Bosmans J, Ruwaard J, Andersson G, Topooco N, Berger T, Krieger T, Botella C, Baños R, Chevreul K, Araya R, Cerga-Pashoja A, Cieślak R, Rogala A, Vis C, Draisma S, van Schaik A, Kemmeren L, Ebert D, Berking M, Funk B, Cuijpers P, Riper H. European COMPARative Effectiveness research on blended Depression treatment versus treatment-as-usual (E-COMPARED): study protocol for a randomized controlled, non-inferiority trial in eight European countries. Trials 2016; 17:387. [PMID: 27488181 PMCID: PMC4972947 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective, accessible, and affordable depression treatment is of high importance considering the large personal and economic burden of depression. Internet-based treatment is considered a promising clinical and cost-effective alternative to current routine depression treatment strategies such as face-to-face psychotherapy. However, it is not clear whether research findings translate to routine clinical practice such as primary or specialized mental health care. The E-COMPARED project aims to gain knowledge on the clinical and cost-effectiveness of blended depression treatment compared to treatment-as-usual in routine care. Methods/design E-COMPARED will employ a pragmatic, multinational, randomized controlled, non-inferiority trial in eight European countries. Adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) will be recruited in primary care (Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) or specialized mental health care (France, The Netherlands, and Switzerland). Regular care for depression is compared to “blended” service delivery combining mobile and Internet technologies with face-to-face treatment in one treatment protocol. Participants will be followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months after baseline to determine clinical improvements in symptoms of depression (primary outcome: Patient Health Questionnaire-9), remission of depression, and cost-effectiveness. Main analyses will be conducted on the pooled data from the eight countries (n = 1200 in total, 150 participants in each country). Discussion The E-COMPARED project will provide mental health care stakeholders with evidence-based information and recommendations on the clinical and cost-effectiveness of blended depression treatment. Trial registration France: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02542891. Registered on 4 September 2015; Germany: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00006866. Registered on 2 December 2014; The Netherlands: Netherlands Trials Register NTR4962. Registered on 5 January 2015; Poland: ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02389660. Registered on 18 February 2015; Spain: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02361684. Registered on 8 January 2015; Sweden: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02449447. Registered on 30 March 2015; Switzerland: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02410616. Registered on 2 April 2015; United Kingdom: ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN12388725. Registered on 20 March 2015. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1511-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet Kleiboer
- Section Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and EMGO+ Institute for Health Care and Research, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre and EMGO+ Institute for Health Care and Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Bosmans
- Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Ruwaard
- Section Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and EMGO+ Institute for Health Care and Research, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naira Topooco
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Krieger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Botella
- Department of Psychology and Technology, Jaume University, Castellon, Spain.,Department of Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Baños
- Department of Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Araya
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Arlinda Cerga-Pashoja
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Roman Cieślak
- Department of Psychology, Szkoła Wyzsza Psychologii Społeczne, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rogala
- Department of Psychology, Szkoła Wyzsza Psychologii Społeczne, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christiaan Vis
- Section Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and EMGO+ Institute for Health Care and Research, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stasja Draisma
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre and EMGO+ Institute for Health Care and Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke van Schaik
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre and EMGO+ Institute for Health Care and Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lise Kemmeren
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre and EMGO+ Institute for Health Care and Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Ebert
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Berking
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Burkhardt Funk
- Institut für elektronische Geschäftsprozesse, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Section Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and EMGO+ Institute for Health Care and Research, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen Riper
- Section Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and EMGO+ Institute for Health Care and Research, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre and EMGO+ Institute for Health Care and Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Evaluating the economic impact of screening and treatment for depression in the workplace. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1004-13. [PMID: 27085517 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression is the most common psychiatric illness and cause of disability, and associated with durable impacts on productivity and represents one of the major causes of workplace absenteeism and presenteeism. Few studies, however, examine the economic impact of treatment of depression in the workplace, particularly from the perspective of the employer. We estimated the relative cost-effectiveness of treatment for employees with depression in the workplace. We used a decision-analytic model to estimate the relative cost-effectiveness of (i) psychotherapy, (ii) pharmacotherapy and (iii) combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy and whether they reduce sickness, absenteeism and presenteeism for people with depression. Costs and savings to the employer were also estimated, and policy recommendations made about how best to translate this evidence into practice. Both pharmacotherapy treatment and psychotherapy treatment were found to be cost-saving from the perspective of the employer. Psychotherapy was found to be the most cost-effective option with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of €22,225. This study provides evidence that screening and treatment for depression in the workplace is cost-effective and represents a worthwhile investment from the business perspective.
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24
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Stander MP, Bergh M, Miller-Janson HE, De Beer JC, Korb FA. Depression in the South African workplace. S Afr J Psychiatr 2016; 22:814. [PMID: 30263158 PMCID: PMC6138186 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v22i1.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder and can be costly, having a significant impact on the individual and employers. The South African Depression and Anxiety Group (SADAG) in partnership with HEXOR, with the support of Lundbeck, undertook research into depression in the workplace, because South African information is not available on this topic. It provides insight into the prevalence of depression within the workplace in South Africa, as well as the impact of depression on the employees and employers in terms of sick leave and levels of productivity, especially when the symptoms include cognitive impairment. It is apparent that stigma plays a pivotal role in the reasons for non-disclosure to employers. It further highlights the magnitude of awareness, early detection and the provision of a holistic support system within the work environment, free from bias, to ensure that optimum benefit can be achieved for both employer and employee.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Frans A Korb
- Psychiatrist, Private Practice, Johannesburg, South Africa
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25
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Newcomb RD, Steffen MW, Breeher LE, Sturchio GM, Murad MH, Wang Z, Molella RG. Screening for depression in the occupational health setting. Occup Med (Lond) 2016; 66:390-3. [PMID: 27154983 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqw043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cost of workplace absenteeism and presenteeism due to depression in the USA is substantial. AIMS To assess the frequency of depression and its impact at the point of care in an occupational health (OH) practice. METHODS Patients presenting to an OH practice completed a standardized depression screening tool and were compared to an unscreened group in the same clinic. Respondents with a nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score >15 and untreated for depression were referred for further evaluation per usual practice. A comparison group of unscreened patients were selected from the same clinic from 1 year prior and records were reviewed for evidence of prior depression, treatment and outcomes. After 1 year, frequency of depression, PHQ-9 scoring for screened patients, days absent from work, days on restricted duties and permanent restrictions were recorded for both groups. RESULTS Two hundred and five patients were screened for depression. Screening was associated with increased frequency of a diagnosis of current depression (30 versus 4%; P < 0.05). Screening was associated with similar rates of absenteeism but lower number of days on restricted duties (97 versus 159 days; P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, history of and treatment for depression, screening was associated with lower odds of being on work restrictions [odds ratio (OR) 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38-0.78] or permanent restrictions (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.23-0.52). CONCLUSIONS Depression was common in this OH practice. Screening for depression, with appropriate recognition and referral, may reduce time for employed patients on restricted duties and permanent restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Newcomb
- Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,
| | - M W Steffen
- Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - L E Breeher
- Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - G M Sturchio
- Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - M H Murad
- Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - R G Molella
- Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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26
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Wang YP, Gorenstein C. Gender differences and disabilities of perceived depression in the workplace. J Affect Disord 2015; 176:48-55. [PMID: 25699670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated gender difference and associated disability among workers. Comprehensive investigations concerning the occurrence and consequences of depression in workplace are scarce. The study aims to evaluate how workers perceive depression in workplace, as well as to examine depression-related disabilities by gender. METHODS This is a cross-sectional web-based survey of 1000 Brazilian workers recruited from Internet sources. Participants answered an online questionnaire about depressive symptoms and related consequences in the workplace. RESULTS Common symptoms attributable to depression were crying, loss of interest, and sadness. Almost one in five (18.9%) participants reported had ever been "labeled" by a health professional as suffering from depression. However, the majority of ever-depressed workers (73.5%) remained working. Performance-related impairments were reported by around 60% of depressed workers who continued working. Over half of them also complained about cognitive symptoms (concentration difficulties, indecisiveness, forgetfulness), with men reporting more cognitive dysfunctions than women. One in three workers had taken off work due to depression (mean 65.7 out-of-role days), with these periods being lengthier for men than women. LIMITATIONS Some depressive events might have occurred before working age, since the participants have self-reported the diagnosis of health professionals in past timeframe. The representativeness of recruited workers was reliant upon the availability of Internet service. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that identification and management of symptoms of depression should be set as a priority in worker׳s health care. General and gender-related strategies to handle depression in the workplace are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Pang Wang
- Institute & Department of Psychiatry (LIM-23), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos 785, 05403-010 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Clarice Gorenstein
- Institute & Department of Psychiatry (LIM-23), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos 785, 05403-010 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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27
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Attitude and impact of perceived depression in the workplace. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:6021-36. [PMID: 24914639 PMCID: PMC4078563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110606021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Information concerning the occurrence and consequences of depression in the workplace is scarce. This study estimates how workers perceive depression, to investigate depression-related disabilities, and management of depression in the workplace. This investigation is based on a cross-sectional web-based survey of 1,000 workers recruited from online sources. The participants were Brazilian workers, aged 16–64 years, current workers and managers, or who have worked within the past year. Subjects answered a 13-item questionnaire about depression, its related consequences in the workplace, and available resources to handle depression. Common symptoms attributable to depression were crying, loss of interest, and sadness. Almost one in five participants reported having ever been labeled by a doctor/medical professional as suffering from depression. However, the majority of ever-depressed workers (73.5%) remained working. Performance-related impairments were reported by around 60% of depressed workers who continued working. Over half of them also complained about cognitive symptoms (concentration difficulties, indecisiveness, forgetfulness). One in three workers had taken off work due to depression (mean 65.7 out-of-role days), with these periods being lengthier for men than women. Managers underestimated the number of days out-of-role (29.5 days). The findings suggested that identification and management of symptoms of depression should be set as a priority in worker’s health care.
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