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Gao X, Lin Y, Zhang Z, Qiu L, Ding W, Gao Q, Gao H, Xue J, Li Y, He H. Storage protein SfSP8 mediates larval starvation tolerance of Spodoptera frugiperda. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:843. [PMID: 39042338 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy homeostasis is vital for insects to survive food shortages. This study investigated the starvation tolerance of Spodoptera frugiperda, which invaded China in 2019, focusing on its storage protein family, crucial for energy balance. 10 storage protein family members were identified and their expression patterns at different development stages and under different starvation stress were analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS We used qPCR to evaluate the expression levels of storage protein family members under various larval instars and starvation conditions. We discovered that, among above 10 members, only 2 storage proteins, SfSP8 and SfSP7 showed significant upregulation in response to starvation stress. Notably, SfSP8 upregulated markedly after 24 h of fasting, whereas SfSP7 exhibited a delayed response, with significant upregulation observed only after 72 h of starvation. Then we significantly reduced the starvation tolerance of larvae through RNAi-mediated knockdown of SfSP8 and also altered the starvation response of SfSP7 from a late to an early activation pattern. Finally, we constructed transgenic Drosophila melanogaster with heterologous overexpressing SfSP8 revealed that the starvation tolerance of the transgenic line was significantly stronger than that of wild-type lines. CONCLUSIONS SfSP8 was the core storage protein member that mediated the starvation tolerance of larvae of S. frugiperda. Our study on the novel function of storage proteins in mediating larval starvation tolerance of S. frugiperda is conducive to understanding the strong colonization of this terrible invasive pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yufeng Lin
- Agriculture and Rural Department of Hunan Province, Plant Protection and Inspection Station, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Zhengbing Zhang
- Agriculture and Rural Department of Hunan Province, Plant Protection and Inspection Station, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wenbing Ding
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qiao Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hongshuai Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jin Xue
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Youzhi Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Hualiang He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Wei K, Ding JL, Feng MG, Ying SH. Comparative Transcriptomics of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Grown on Aerial Surface and in Liquid Environment. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:249. [PMID: 38951199 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana, the causative agent of arthropod, proliferates in the host hemolymph (liquid environment) and shits to saprotrophic growth on the host cadaver (aerial surface). In this study, we used transcriptomic analysis to compare the gene expression modes between these two growth phases. Of 10,366 total predicted genes in B. bassiana, 10,026 and 9985 genes were expressed in aerial (AM) and submerged (SM) mycelia, respectively, with 9853 genes overlapped. Comparative analysis between two transcriptomes indicated that there were 1041 up-regulated genes in AM library when compared with SM library, and 1995 genes were down-regulated, in particular, there were 7085 genes without significant change in expression between two transcriptomes. Furthermore, of 25 amidase genes (AMD), BbAMD5 has high expression level in both transcriptomes, and its protein product was associated with cell wall in aerial and submerged mycelia. Disruption of BbAMD5 significantly reduced mycelial hydrophobicity, hydrophobin translocation, and conidiation on aerial plate. Functional analysis also indicated that BbAmd5 was involved in B. bassiana blastospore formation in broth, but dispensable for fungal virulence. This study revealed the high similarity in global expression mode between mycelia grown under two cultivation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wei
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jin-Li Ding
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ming-Guang Feng
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Ying
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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3
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Zhu G, Ding W, Zhao H, Xue M, Chu P, Jiang L. Effects of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Mucor hiemalis BO-1 on the Physical Functions and Transcriptional Signatures of Bradysia odoriphaga Larvae. INSECTS 2023; 14:162. [PMID: 36835731 PMCID: PMC9964685 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mucor hiemalis BO-1 is an entomopathogenic fungus that infects Bradysia odoriphaga, a destructive root maggot. M. hiemalis BO-1 possesses stronger pathogenicity to the larvae than to other stages of B. odoriphaga, and provides satisfactory field control. However, the physiological response of B. odoriphaga larvae to infection and the infection mechanism of M. hiemalis are unknown. We detected some physiological indicators of diseased B. odoriphaga larvae infected by M. hiemalis BO-1. These included changes in consumption, nutrient contents, and digestive and antioxidant enzymes. We performed transcriptome analysis of diseased B. odoriphaga larvae, and found that M. hiemalis BO-1 showed acute toxicity to B. odoriphaga larvae and was as toxic as some chemical pesticides. The food consumption of diseased B. odoriphaga after inoculation with M. hiemalis spores decreased significantly, and there was a significant decrease in total protein, lipid, and carbohydrates in diseased larvae. Key digestive enzymes (protease, α-amylase, lipase, and cellulase) were significantly inhibited during infection. Peroxidase maintained high activity, and the activity of other antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferases) first increased and then decreased. Combined with the transcriptional signatures of diseased B. odoriphaga larvae, M. hiemalis BO-1 infection resulted in decreased food consumption, reduced digestive enzyme activity, and altered energy metabolism and material accumulation. Infection was also accompanied by fluctuations in immune function, such as cytochrome P450 and the Toll pathway. Therefore, our results laid a basis for the further study of the interactions between M. hiemalis BO-1 and B. odoriphaga and promoted the genetic improvement of entomopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Wenjuan Ding
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Haipeng Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Ming Xue
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Pengfei Chu
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Liwei Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
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4
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Black JL, Clark MK, Sword GA. Physiological and transcriptional immune responses of a non-model arthropod to infection with different entomopathogenic groups. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263620. [PMID: 35134064 PMCID: PMC8824330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect immune responses to multiple pathogen groups including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and entomopathogenic nematodes have traditionally been documented in model insects such as Drosophila melanogaster, or medically important insects such as Aedes aegypti. Despite their potential importance in understanding the efficacy of pathogens as biological control agents, these responses are infrequently studied in agriculturally important pests. Additionally, studies that investigate responses of a host species to different pathogen groups are uncommon, and typically focus on only a single time point during infection. As such, a robust understanding of immune system responses over the time of infection is often lacking in many pest species. This study was conducted to understand how 3rd instar larvae of the major insect pest Helicoverpa zea responded through the course of an infection by four different pathogenic groups: viruses, bacteria, fungi, and entomopathogenic nematodes; by sampling at three different times post-inoculation. Physiological immune responses were assessed at 4-, 24-, and 48-hours post-infection by measuring hemolymph phenoloxidase concentrations, hemolymph prophenoloxidase concentrations, hemocyte counts, and encapsulation ability. Transcriptional immune responses were measured at 24-, 48-, and 72-hours post-infection by quantifying the expression of PPO2, Argonaute-2, JNK, Dorsal, and Relish. This gene set covers the major known immune pathways: phenoloxidase cascade, siRNA, JNK pathway, Toll pathway, and IMD pathway. Our results indicate H. zea has an extreme immune response to Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria, a mild response to Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus, and little-to-no detectable response to either the fungus Beauveria bassiana or Steinernema carpocapsae nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Black
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mason K. Clark
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Sword
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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5
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Guo X, Xuan N, Liu G, Xie H, Lou Q, Arnaud P, Offmann B, Picimbon JF. An Expanded Survey of the Moth PBP/GOBP Clade in Bombyx mori: New Insight into Expression and Functional Roles. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712593. [PMID: 34776998 PMCID: PMC8582636 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the expression profile and ontogeny (from the egg stage through the larval stages and pupal stages, to the elderly adult age) of four OBPs from the silkworm moth Bombyx mori. We first showed that male responsiveness to female sex pheromone in the silkworm moth B. mori does not depend on age variation; whereas the expression of BmorPBP1, BmorPBP2, BmorGOBP1, and BmorGOBP2 varies with age. The expression profile analysis revealed that the studied OBPs are expressed in non-olfactory tissues at different developmental stages. In addition, we tested the effect of insecticide exposure on the expression of the four OBPs studied. Exposure to a toxic macrolide insecticide endectocide molecule (abamectin) led to the modulated expression of all four genes in different tissues. The higher expression of OBPs was detected in metabolic tissues, such as the thorax, gut, and fat body. All these data strongly suggest some alternative functions for these proteins other than olfaction. Finally, we carried out ligand docking studies and reported that PBP1 and GOBP2 have the capacity of binding vitamin K1 and multiple different vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Xuan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Guoxia Liu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qinian Lou
- Shandong Silkworm Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Philippe Arnaud
- Protein Engineering and Functionality Unit, UMR CNRS 6286, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bernard Offmann
- Protein Engineering and Functionality Unit, UMR CNRS 6286, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-François Picimbon
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,School of Bioengineering, QILU University of Technology, Jinan, China
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6
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Ge Q, Cao W, Zhu F, Yuan Y, Chen L, Xu J, Li J, Chen H, Ma S, Sun L, Pan H, Taha RH, Yao Q, Chen K. Genomics and proteomics combined analysis revealed the toxicity response of silkworm Bombyx mori to the environmental pathogen Bacillus cereus ZJ-4. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112467. [PMID: 34217115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial contamination has caused a major public health problem worldwide. Bacillus cereus is a conditional environmental pathogenic bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Whether environmental pathogens can cause widespread transmission in the insect kingdom is unclear. In this study, a Bacillus cereus ZJ-4 was isolated from the hospital environment of Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China. It was fatal by injection into the silkworm hemolymph. To investigated the potential toxic factors of ZJ-4 and clarified the toxicity response mechanism of silkworm by the ZJ-4 infection. Then, the whole genome of ZJ-4 was sequenced, and the immune mechanism of silkworm fat body to ZJ-4 pathogen was studied by HE pathological section and proteomics. Bacterial genome sequencing indicated that ZJ-4 had 352 drug resistance genes and 6 virulence genes. After 36 h of subcutaneous puncture with ZJ-4 suspension, the pathological changes were obviously found in HE pathological sections of fat body tissue. Comparative proteomic results indicated that differentially expressed proteins are mainly involved in stress reactions, biological regulation, and innate immunity. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expressions of β-GRP, Spaetzle, MyD88, Tube and Dorsal genes in Toll pathway were up-regulated, while Pell and Cactus genes were down-regulated; in the antimicrobial peptide pathway, Glv2, Lzm, Mor, and Leb3 genes were up-regulated, while attacin1 and defensin genes were down-regulated; Sod gene was up-regulated, while Cat gene was down-regulated in the antioxidant pathway; Ldh, Sdh, and Mdh genes were down-regulated in glucose metabolism pathway. These results indicated that ZJ-4 can damage the innate immune pathway of silkworm, and also affect the normal immune function of fat body cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ge
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Weiping Cao
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, PR China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Yi Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Jia Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- Instrumental Analysis and Testing Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Han Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Shangshang Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Lindan Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Huiwen Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, PR China
| | - Rehab Hosny Taha
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
| | - Qin Yao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
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7
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Geng T, Lu F, Wu H, Lou D, Tu N, Zhu F, Wang S. Target antifungal peptides of immune signalling pathways in silkworm, Bombyx mori, against Beauveria bassiana. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 30:102-112. [PMID: 33150694 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antifungal innate immunity is an important defence used by insects against entomogenous fungi. However, the downstream target antifungal peptides of different immune signalling pathways are unknown. We found that the Toll, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak/STAT) and Immunodeficiency (IMD) signalling pathways in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, can be activated by Beauveria bassiana. Inhibition of the Toll, IMD and Jak/STAT signalling pathways reduced the antifungal activities of silkworm haemolymph. We verified the target antifungal peptides of different immune signalling pathways. The expression patterns of five anti-fungal peptide genes in silkworm larvae and BmN cells were detected after blocking or over-expressing the immune signalling pathways. The Toll signalling pathways mediated the expression of Bmcecropin A, Bmattacin 1 and Bmgloverin 2; IMD signalling pathways mediated Bmenbocin 1, Bmgloverin 2 and Bmattacin 1; Jak/STAT signalling pathways mediated Bmstorage protein 30K-19G1 (Bmsp 1), Bmattacin 1 and Bmcecropin A. These data indicated that anti-microbial peptide genes in B. mori evolved through expansion and selection of existing genes to adapt to the challenge of invasive microorganisms such as fungi. This information provides insight into the antifungal immune responses in B. mori and aids understanding of insect immune regulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Geng
- Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - F Lu
- Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - H Wu
- Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - D Lou
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - N Tu
- College of Tropical Crop, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - F Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - S Wang
- Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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8
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Sangannavar PA, Kumar JS, Subrahmanyam G, Kutala S. Genomics and omics tools to assess complex microbial communities in silkworms: A paradigm shift towards translational research. J Microbiol Methods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Kim S, Kim JC, Lee SJ, Lee MR, Park SE, Li D, Baek S, Shin TY, Kim JS. Beauveria bassiana ERL836 and JEF-007 with similar virulence show different gene expression when interacting with cuticles of western flower thrips, Frankniella occidentalis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:836. [PMID: 33246406 PMCID: PMC7694944 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insect-killing fungal species, Beauveria bassiana, is as an environment-friendly pest management tool, and many isolates are on the track of industrialization. However, some of B. bassiana isolates show similar morphology and virulence against insect pests, and so it is hard to differentiate them. Herein we used two patented isolates, ERL836 and JEF-007, and investigated their virulence against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and further analyzed genome structures and transcriptional responses when interacting with cuticles of thrips to see possible differences on the initial step of fungal infection. Results The two isolates showed no significant differences in fungal growth, conidial production, and virulence against thrips, and they were structurally similar in genome. But, in transcription level, ERL836 appeared to infect thrips easily, while JEF-007 appeared to have more difficulty. In the GO analysis of ERL836 DEGs (differentially expressed genes), the number of up-regulated genes was much larger than that of down-regulated genes, when compared to JEF-007 DEGs (more genes down-regulated). Interestingly, in the enrichment analysis using shared DEGs between two infecting isolates, plasma membrane-mediated transporter activity and fatty acid degradation pathway including cytochrome P450 were more active in infecting ERL836. Conclusion The two B. bassiana isolates had similar morphology and virulence as well as genome structure, but in transcription level they differently interacted with the cuticle of western flower thrips. This comparative approach using shared DEG analysis could be easily applied to characterize the difference of the two B. bassiana isolates, JEF-007 and ERL836. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07253-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihyeon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea
| | - Se Jin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0700, USA
| | - Mi Rong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea
| | - So Eun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea
| | - Dongwei Li
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea
| | - Sehyeon Baek
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea
| | - Tae Young Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea
| | - Jae Su Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea. .,Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, South Korea.
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10
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Geng T, Lu F, Wu H, Wang Y, Lou D, Tu N, Zhu F, Wang S. C-type lectin 5, a novel pattern recognition receptor for the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in Bombyx mori. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 179:107473. [PMID: 32946913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription cascade transduction (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is highly conserved in mammals, but the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and their functions are unclear. We found that the expression pattern of Bombyx mori C-type lectin 5 (BmCTL 5) had a synergy relevance with the JAK/STAT signaling pathway against Beauveria bassiana. An RNAi assay, subcellular localization analysis, yeast two-hybrid technique, protein recruitment experiment and pathogen infection tests were used to explore the roles of BmCTL 5 in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Knock-down of the BmCTL 5 suppressed the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and the PO cascade of nodule melanization. BmCTL 5 is located in the cytomembrane and interacted with BmHOP both in yeast and B. mori ovary cells N (BmN cells). BmCTL 5 and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway was activated by B. bassiana but only slightly activated by B. mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV), Nosema bombycis and bacteria LPS. These findings suggest that BmCTL 5 might be an important PRR for the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and may mediate the nodule melanization for fungi infection. These data provide insights into the immune mechanism of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in insects and aid understanding of the mechanism of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and adaptive immune systems in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Geng
- Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Huazhou Wu
- Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yongsong Wang
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Dezhao Lou
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Nana Tu
- College of Tropical Crop, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Shuchang Wang
- Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
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11
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Li R, Hu C, Geng T, Lv D, Gao K, Guo X, Hou C. Expressional analysis of the silkworm storage protein 1 and identification of its interacting proteins. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 29:66-76. [PMID: 31301266 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Storage proteins are haemolymph-specific proteins in insects, mainly synthesized in the fat body, released into the haemolymph, and then selectively reabsorbed by the fat body before pupation. These storage proteins play an important role in insect metamorphosis and egg development. Some of these storage proteins are responsive to pathogen infection and can even suppress pathogen multiplication. However, the mechanisms of the physiological, biochemical and immune-responsive functions of storage proteins remain unclear. In this study, the expression patterns of Bombyx mori storage protein 1 (BmSP1) during the larval stage were analysed. Then, BmSP1 protein fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was successfully expressed in a B. mori baculovirus vector expression system. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the expression level of BmSP1 increased with the advance of instars and reached the highest level in the fifth instar, especially in the fat body. Recombinant BmSP1 expressed in silkworm larvae inhibited haemolymph melanization. Then, proteins that interact with BmSP1 were identified with EGFP used as an antigenic determinant by co-immunoprecipitation. A 30 kDa low molecular weight lipoprotein PBMHP-6 precursor (BmLP6) was shown to interact with BmSP1. Yeast two-hybrid experiments confirmed the interaction between BmSP1 and BmLP6. The results obtained in this study will be helpful for further study of the functions of BmSP1 and BmLP6 in the regulatory network of silkworm development and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Congwu Hu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tao Geng
- Environment and Plant Protection Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | | | - Kun Gao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xijie Guo
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chengxiang Hou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
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12
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Xing D, Shen G, Li Q, Xiao Y, Yang Q, Xia Q. Quality Formation Mechanism of Stiff Silkworm, Bombyx batryticatus Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-Based Metabolomics. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203780. [PMID: 31640173 PMCID: PMC6832393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombyx batryticatus is a well-known animal in traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of the research was to reveal the quality formation mechanism of B. batryticatus and to screen out the characteristic component used for the quality control. The anticonvulsant effects of B. batryticatus with a stiff time of one, five, and nine days (D1, D5 and D9, respectively) and healthy silkworm of the same developmental stage (SW) were determined by animal experiment. The dynamic changes in chemical composition were analyzed using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based metabolomics. D5 and D9 B. batryticatus exhibited significant anticonvulsant effects (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Accordingly, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) indicated that the chemical composition of D5 and D9 B. batryticatus changed significantly. The different metabolites mainly consisted of primary metabolites such as lipids and amino acids and secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, beauvericin, and glycolipids. Interestingly, the relative abundance of quercetin-7-O-β-d-4-O-methylglucoside, the characteristic component of B. batryticatus, increased with stiff time and was promised to be used as an index component of quality control. The results expand our understanding of the quality formation mechanism of B. batryticatus. In addition, it highlights the potential of UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based metabolomics for the quality control purpose of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Xing
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Guanwang Shen
- Biological Science Research Centre of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Qingrong Li
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Yang Xiao
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Qiong Yang
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Biological Science Research Centre of Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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13
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Lü D, Xu P, Hou C, Gao K, Guo X. Label-free LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis of the hemolymph of silkworm larvae infected with Beauveria bassiana. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 166:107227. [PMID: 31386830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana, a pathogen of the economically important silkworm (Bombyx mori), causes serious losses in the sericulture industry; however, the mechanisms underlying B. bassiana infection and the silkworm response are not fully understood. To obtain new insights into the interaction between B. bassiana and its host, hemolymph samples from fifth instar silkworm larvae infected with B. bassiana were analyzed at 36-h post-inoculation using a label-free LC-MS/MS proteomic technique. In total, 671 proteins were identified in the hemolymph, including 87 differentially expressed proteins, 42 up-regulated and 45 down-regulated in infected larvae. Six were detected only in infected larvae, and five were detected only in uninfected larvae. Based on GO annotations, 48 of the differentially expressed proteins were involved in molecular functions, 42 were involved in biological processes, and 39 were involved in cell components. A KEGG pathway analysis indicated that these differentially expressed proteins participate in 85 signal transduction pathways, including the amoebiasis, MAPK signaling, Hippo signaling, Toll and Imd signaling, and lysosome pathways. The silkworm hemolymph is the main site for B. bassiana replication. We identified differentially expressed proteins involved in the regulation of the host response to B. bassiana infection, providing important experimental data for the identification of key factors contributing to the interaction between the pathogenic fungus and its host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ping Xu
- Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Chengxiang Hou
- Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Kun Gao
- Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Xijie Guo
- Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China.
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14
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Cotter SC, Reavey CE, Tummala Y, Randall JL, Holdbrook R, Ponton F, Simpson SJ, Smith JA, Wilson K. Diet modulates the relationship between immune gene expression and functional immune responses. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 109:128-141. [PMID: 30954680 PMCID: PMC6527921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition is vital to health and the availability of resources has long been acknowledged as a key factor in the ability to fight off parasites, as investing in the immune system is costly. Resources have typically been considered as something of a "black box", with the quantity of available food being used as a proxy for resource limitation. However, food is a complex mixture of macro- and micronutrients, the precise balance of which determines an animal's fitness. Here we use a state-space modelling approach, the Geometric Framework for Nutrition (GFN), to assess for the first time, how the balance and amount of nutrients affects an animal's ability to mount an immune response to a pathogenic infection. Spodoptera littoralis caterpillars were assigned to one of 20 diets that varied in the ratio of macronutrients (protein and carbohydrate) and their calorie content to cover a large region of nutrient space. Caterpillars were then handled or injected with either live or dead Xenorhabdus nematophila bacterial cells. The expression of nine genes (5 immune, 4 non-immune) was measured 20 h post immune challenge. For two of the immune genes (PPO and Lysozyme) we also measured the relevant functional immune response in the hemolymph. Gene expression and functional immune responses were then mapped against nutritional intake. The expression of all immune genes was up-regulated by injection with dead bacteria, but only those in the IMD pathway (Moricin and Relish) were substantially up-regulated by both dead and live bacterial challenge. Functional immune responses increased with the protein content of the diet but the expression of immune genes was much less predictable. Our results indicate that diet does play an important role in the ability of an animal to mount an adequate immune response, with the availability of protein being the most important predictor of the functional (physiological) immune response. Importantly, however, immune gene expression responds quite differently to functional immunity and we would caution against using gene expression as a proxy for immune investment, as it is unlikely to be reliable indicator of the immune response, except under specific dietary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena C Cotter
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Catherine E Reavey
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Yamini Tummala
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Joanna L Randall
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Robert Holdbrook
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Fleur Ponton
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | | | - Judith A Smith
- School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Kenneth Wilson
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
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15
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Silkworm storage protein Bm30K-19G1 has a certain antifungal effects on Beauveria bassiana. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 163:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Liu T, Liu Z, Yao X, Huang Y, Qu Q, Shi X, Zhang H, Shi X. Identification of cordycepin biosynthesis-related genes through de novo transcriptome assembly and analysis in Cordyceps cicadae. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:181247. [PMID: 30662735 PMCID: PMC6304131 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cordyceps cicadae (Chanhua) is a parasitic fungus that grows on Cicada flammata larvae and is used to relieve exhaustion and treat numerous diseases, in part through its active constituent, cordycepin. We used de novo Illumina HiSeq 4000 sequencing to obtain transcriptomes of C. cicadae mycelium, fruiting body, and sclerotium, and identify differentially expressed genes. In the mycelium versus sclerotium libraries, 1576 upregulated and 2300 downregulated genes were identified. In the mycelium versus fruiting body and fruiting body versus sclerotium body libraries, 1604 and 1474 upregulated and 1365 and 1320 downregulated genes, respectively, were identified. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses identified 19 genes differentially expressed in mycelium versus fruiting body as related to the purine pathway, along with 28 and 16 genes differentially expressed in the mycelium versus sclerotium and fruiting body versus sclerotium groups, respectively. Gene expression of six key enzymes was validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Specifically, 5'-nucleotidase (c62060g1) and adenosine deaminase (c35629g1) in purine nucleotide metabolism, which are involved in cordycepin biosynthesis, were significantly upregulated in the sclerotium group. These findings improved our understanding of genes involved in the biosynthesis of cordycepin and other characteristic secondary metabolites in C. cicadae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyao Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Yao
- Laboratory of Food Enzyme Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100110, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosa Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, People's Republic of China
- Author for correspondence: Xinyuan Shi e-mail:
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17
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Wu G, Yi Y. Transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes involved in innate immunity following Bacillus thuringiensis challenge in Bombyx mori larvae. Mol Immunol 2018; 103:220-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Chen K, Lu Z. Immune responses to bacterial and fungal infections in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:3-11. [PMID: 29289612 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The silkworm Bombyx mori, an economically important insect that is usually reared indoors, is susceptible to various pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and microsporidia. As with other insects, the silkworm lacks an adaptive immune system and relies solely on innate immunity to defend itself against infection. Compared to other intensively studied insects, such as the fruit fly and tobacco hornworm, the principal immune pathways in the silkworm remain unclear. In this article, we review the literature concerning silkworm immune responses to bacteria and fungi and present our perspectives on future research into silkworm immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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19
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Zhang SZ, Yu HZ, Deng MJ, Ma Y, Fei DQ, Wang J, Li Z, Meng Y, Xu JP. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals significant metabolic alterations in eri-silkworm (Samia cynthia ricini) haemolymph in response to 1-deoxynojirimycin. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191080. [PMID: 29324893 PMCID: PMC5764371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Samia cynthia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is an important commercial silk-producing insect; however, in contrast to the silkworm, mulberry leaves are toxic to this insect because the leaves contain the component 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ). A transcriptomic analysis of eri-silkworm haemolymph was conducted to examine the genes related to different metabolic pathways and to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying eri-silkworm haemolymph responses to DNJ. Eight hundred sixty-five differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, among which 577 DEGs were up-regulated and 288 DEGs were down-regulated in the 2% DNJ group compared to control (ddH2O) after 12h. Based on the results of the functional analysis, these DEGs were associated with ribosomes, glycolysis, N-glycan biosynthesis, and oxidative phosphorylation. In particular, according to the KEGG analysis, 138 DEGs were involved in energy metabolism, glycometabolism and lipid metabolism, and the changes in the expression of nine DEGs were confirmed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Thus, DNJ induced significant metabolic alterations in eri-silkworm haemolymph. These results will lay the foundation for research into the toxic effects of DNJ on eri-silkworm as a model and provide a reference for the exploitation of new drugs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Zhi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Zhong Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jie Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Analytical and Testing Center of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Qiong Fei
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Wang JJ, Bai WW, Zhou W, Liu J, Chen J, Liu XY, Xiang TT, Liu RH, Wang WH, Zhang BL, Wan YJ. Transcriptomic analysis of two Beauveria bassiana strains grown on cuticle extracts of the silkworm uncovers their different metabolic response at early infection stage. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 145:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Gonzalez R, Nicolau F, Peeples TL. Optimization of the 11α-hydroxylation of steroid DHEA by solvent-adapted Beauveria bassiana. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1289183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Felipe Nicolau
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Tonya L. Peeples
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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22
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Molecular Cloning, Bioinformatic Analysis, and Expression of Bombyx mori Lebocin 5 Gene Related to Beauveria bassiana Infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9390803. [PMID: 28194425 PMCID: PMC5282435 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9390803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A full-length cDNA of lebocin 5 (BmLeb5) was first cloned from silkworm, Bombyx mori, by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The BmLeb5 gene is 808 bp in length and the open reading frame encodes a 179-amino acid hydroxyproline-rich peptide. Bioinformatic analysis results showed that BmLeb5 owns an O-glycosylation site and four RXXR motifs as other lebocins. Sequence similarity and phylogenic analysis results indicated that lebocins form a multiple gene family in silkworm as cecropins. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that BmLeb5 was highest expressed in the fat body. In the silkworm larvae infected by Beauveria bassiana, the expression level of BmLeb5 was upregulated in the fat body and hemolymph which are the most important immune tissues in silkworm. The recombinant protein of BmLeb5 was for the first time successfully expressed with prokaryotic expression system and purified. There are no reports so far that the expression of lebocins could be induced by entomopathogenic fungus. Our study suggested that BmLeb5 might play an important role in the immune response of silkworm to defend B. bassiana infection. The results also provided helpful information for further studying the lebocin family functioned in antifungal immune response in the silkworm.
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Xing D, Yang Q, Jiang L, Li Q, Xiao Y, Ye M, Xia Q. RNA-Seq Analyses for Two Silkworm Strains Reveals Insight into Their Susceptibility and Resistance to Beauveria bassiana Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E234. [PMID: 28208575 PMCID: PMC5343773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The silkworm Bombyx mori is an economically important species. White muscardine caused by Beauveria bassiana is the main fungal disease in sericulture, and understanding the silkworm responses to B. bassiana infection is of particular interest. Herein, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying these responses in two silkworm strains Haoyue (HY, sensitive to B. bassiana) and Kang 8 (K8, resistant to B. bassiana) using an RNA-seq approach. For each strain, three biological replicates for immersion treatment, two replicates for injection treatment and three untreated controls were collected to generate 16 libraries for sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between treated samples and untreated controls, and between the two silkworm strains, were identified. DEGs and the enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of the two strains exhibited an obvious difference. Several genes encoding cuticle proteins, serine proteinase inhibitors (SPI) and antimicrobial peptides (AMP) and the drug metabolism pathway involved in toxin detoxification were considered to be related to the resistance of K8 to B. bassiana. These results revealed insight into the resistance and susceptibility of two silkworm strains against B. bassiana infection and provided a roadmap for silkworm molecular breeding to enhance its resistance to B. bassiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Qiong Yang
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Liang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Qingrong Li
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Yang Xiao
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Mingqiang Ye
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China.
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Geng T, Lv DD, Huang YX, Hou CX, Qin GX, Guo XJ. JAK/STAT signaling pathway-mediated immune response in silkworm (Bombyx mori) challenged by Beauveria bassiana. Gene 2016; 595:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Yang YT, Lee SJ, Nai YS, Kim S, Kim JS. Up-regulation of carbon metabolism-related glyoxylate cycle and toxin production in Beauveria bassiana JEF-007 during infection of bean bug, Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae). Fungal Biol 2016; 120:1236-48. [PMID: 27647240 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana (Bb) is used as an environment-friendly biopesticide. However, the molecular mechanisms of Bb-host interactions are not well understood. Herein, RNA isolated from B. bassiana (Bb JEF-007) and Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) infected with this strain were firstly subjected to high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) to analyze and compare transcriptomes. Due to lack of fungal and host genome information, fungal transcriptome was processed to partially exclude non-infection specific genes and host-flora. Differentially Expressed Gene (DEG) analysis showed that 2381 genes were up-regulated and 2303 genes were down-regulated upon infection. Most DEGs were classified into the categories of single-organism, cellular and metabolism processes by Gene Ontology analysis. Most DEGs were involved in metabolic pathways based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway mapping. Carbon metabolism-related enzymes in the glyoxylate cycle were significantly up-regulated, suggesting a possible role for them in Bb growth in the host. Additionally, transcript levels of several fungal genes were dramatically increased after infection, such as cytotoxic lectin-like protein, bacterial-like toxin, proteins related to cell wall formation, hyphal growth, nutrient uptake, and halogenated compound synthesis. This work provides insight into how entomopathogenic B. bassiana grows in agriculturally harmful bean bug at 6 d post infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Yang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, South Korea
| | - Se Jin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, South Korea
| | - Yu-Shin Nai
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan, Yilan County 260, Taiwan
| | - Sihyeon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, South Korea
| | - Jae Su Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, South Korea.
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Li J, Qin S, Yu H, Zhang J, Liu N, Yu Y, Hou C, Li M. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Different Silk Yields of Two Silkworm Strains. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155329. [PMID: 27159277 PMCID: PMC4861282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocoon and silk yields are the most important characteristics of sericulture. However, few studies have examined the genes that modulate these features. Further studies of these genes will be useful for improving the products of sericulture. JingSong (JS) and Lan10 (L10) are two strains having significantly different cocoon and silk yields. In the current study, RNA-Seq and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed on both strains in order to determine divergence of the silk gland, which controls silk biosynthesis in silkworms. Compared with L10, JS had 1375 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 738 up-regulated genes and 673 down-regulated genes). Nine enriched gene ontology (GO) terms were identified by GO enrichment analysis based on these DEGs. KEGG enrichment analysis results showed that the DEGs were enriched in three pathways, which were mainly associated with the processing and biosynthesis of proteins. The representative genes in the enrichment pathways and ten significant DEGs were further verified by qPCR, the results of which were consistent with the RNA-Seq data. Our study has revealed differences in silk glands between the two silkworm strains and provides a perspective for understanding the molecular mechanisms determining silk yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Sheng Qin
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212018, China
- The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Huanjun Yu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Ye Yu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Chengxiang Hou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212018, China
- The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Muwang Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212018, China
- The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212018, China
- * E-mail:
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Bombyx mori cecropin A has a high antifungal activity to entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Gene 2016; 583:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Genome-Wide Host-Pathogen Interaction Unveiled by Transcriptomic Response of Diamondback Moth to Fungal Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152908. [PMID: 27043942 PMCID: PMC4820269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide insight into insect pest response to the infection of Beauveria bassiana (fungal insect pathogen) is critical for genetic improvement of fungal insecticides but has been poorly explored. We constructed three pairs of transcriptomes of Plutella xylostella larvae at 24, 36 and 48 hours post treatment of infection (hptI) and of control (hptC) for insight into the host-pathogen interaction at genomic level. There were 2143, 3200 and 2967 host genes differentially expressed at 24, 36 and 48 hptI/hptC respectively. These infection-responsive genes (~15% of the host genome) were enriched in various immune processes, such as complement and coagulation cascades, protein digestion and absorption, and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450. Fungal penetration into cuticle and host defense reaction began at 24 hptI, followed by most intensive host immune response at 36 hptI and attenuated immunity at 48 hptI. Contrastingly, 44% of fungal genes were differentially expressed in the infection course and enriched in several biological processes, such as antioxidant activity, peroxidase activity and proteolysis. There were 1636 fungal genes co-expressed during 24–48 hptI, including 116 encoding putative secretion proteins. Our results provide novel insights into the insect-pathogen interaction and help to probe molecular mechanisms involved in the fungal infection to the global pest.
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Cheng T, Lin P, Huang L, Wu Y, Jin S, Liu C, Xia Q. Genome-Wide Analysis of Host Responses to Four Different Types of Microorganisms in Bombyx Mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2016; 16:iew020. [PMID: 27382132 PMCID: PMC4933498 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iew020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Several pathogenic microorganisms have been used to investigate the genome-wide transcriptional responses of Bombyx mori to infection. However, studies have so far each focused on one microorganism, and systematic genome-wide comparison of transcriptional responses to different pathogenic microorganisms has not been undertaken. Here, we surveyed transcriptional responses of B. mori to its natural bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens, Bacillus bombyseptieus, B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), and Beauveria bassiana, respectively, and to nonpathogenic Escherichia coli, by microarray analysis. In total, the expression of 2,436, 1,804, 1,743, and 912 B. mori genes was modulated by infection with B. bombyseptieus, BmNPV, B. bassiana, and E. coli, respectively. Notably, the expression of 620, 400, 177, or 165 of these genes was only modulated by infection with B. bombyseptieus, BmNPV, B. bassiana, or E. coli, respectively. In contrast to the expression of genes related to juvenile hormone synthesis and metabolism, that of genes encoding juvenile hormone binding proteins was microorganism-specific. Three basal metabolic pathways were modulated by infection with any of the four microorganisms, and 3, 14, 5, and 2 metabolic pathways were specifically modulated by infection with B. bombyseptieus, BmNPV, B. bassiana, and E. coli, respectively. Interestingly, BmNPV infection modulated the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, whereas both the Imd and Toll signaling pathways were modulated by infection with B. bombyseptieus, B. bassiana, or E. coli These results elucidate potential molecular mechanisms of the host response to different microorganisms, and provide a foundation for further work on host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingcai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China and
| | - Ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China and
| | - Lulin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China and
| | - Yuqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China and
| | - Shengkai Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China and
| | - Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China and
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China and
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30
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Li Z, Lu Z, Wang X, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Liu X. Digital gene expression analysis of Helicoverpa armigera in the early stage of infection with Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 132:66-76. [PMID: 26296928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) is an obligatory and lethal parasite of the cotton bollworm and has been extensively used in China for the control of this notorious pest. Digital gene expression (DGE) analysis was adopted for an overall comparison of transcriptome profiling between HearNPV-infected and control healthy Helicoverpa armigera larvae during an early stage post-inoculation. A total of 908 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 136 were up-regulated and 597 were down-regulated. GO category and KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that the identified DEGs involved in ribosome biogenesis, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, biosynthesis of valine, leucine, isoleucine and the spliceosome were significantly down-regulated, whereas genes involved in pancreatic secretion, protein digestion and absorption and salivary secretion showed obviously up-regulated transcription. The DEGs were verified by quantitative real-time PCR, and genes that participated in defensive response, nutritional digestion and developmental regulation exhibited specific expression patterns in a continuous time-course assessment. These results provide basic data for future research on the molecular mechanism of HearNPV infection and the interactions between lepidopteran hosts and their specific NPV parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenqiang Lu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Songdou Zhang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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31
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Hu X, Zhu M, Wang S, Zhu L, Xue R, Cao G, Gong C. Proteomics analysis of digestive juice from silkworm during Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. Proteomics 2015; 15:2691-700. [PMID: 25914115 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have analyzed the midgut transcriptome and proteome after challenge with Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), however little information is available on the digestive juice proteome after BmNPV challenge. This study investigated BmNPV infection-induced protein changes in the digestive juice of silkworms using shotgun proteomics and MS sequencing. From the digestive juice of normal third-day, fifth-instar silkworm larvae, 75 proteins were identified, 44 of which were unknown; from larvae 6 h after inoculation with BmNPV, 106 proteins were identified, of which 39 were unknown. After BmNPV challenge, more secreted proteins appeared that had antiviral and digestive features. GO annotation analysis clustered most proteins in the lumen into catalytic, binding, and metabolic processes. Numerous proteins were reported to have BmNPV interactions. Hsp70 protein cognate, lipase-1, and chlorophyllide A-binding protein precursor were upregulated significantly after BmNPV challenge. Levels of trypsin-like serine protease, beta-1,3-glucanase, catalase, and serine protease transcripts decreased or were not significantly change after BmNPV challenge. Taken together, these findings provided insights into the interaction between host and BmNPV and revealed potential functions of digestive juice after per os BmNPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Simei Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Renyu Xue
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guangli Cao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
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