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Umar A, Abid I, Antar M, Dufossé L, Hajji-Hedfi L, Elshikh MS, Shahawy AE, Abdel-Azeem AM. Electricity generation and oxidoreductase potential during dye discoloration by laccase-producing Ganoderma gibbosum in fungal fuel cell. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:258. [PMID: 38098010 PMCID: PMC10720082 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Color chemicals contaminate pure water constantly discharged from different points and non-point sources. Physical and chemical techniques have certain limitations and complexities for bioenergy production, which motivated the search for a novel sustainable production approaches during dye wastewater treatment. The emerging environmental problem of dye decolorization has attracted scientist's attention to a new, cheap, and economical way to treat dye wastewater and power production via fungal fuel cells. Ganoderma gibbosum was fitted in the cathodic region with laccase secretion in the fuel cell. At the same time, dye water was placed in the anodic region to move electrons and produce power. This study treated wastewater using the oxidoreductase enzymes released extracellularly from Ganoderma gibbosum for dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) degradation via fungal-based fuel cell. The maximum power density of 14.18 mW/m2 and the maximum current density of 35 mA/m2 were shown by the concentration of 5 ppm during maximum laccase activity and decolorization of RBBR. The laccase catalysts have gained considerable attention because of eco-friendly and alternative easy handling approaches to chemical methods. Fungal Fuel Cells (FFCs) are efficiently used in dye treatment and electricity production. This article also highlighted the construction of fungal catalytic cells and the enzymatic performance of fungal species in energy production during dye water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Umar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Islem Abid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Antar
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Laboratoire CHEMBIOPRO (Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels), Université de La Réunion, ESIROI Département Agroalimentaire, 15 Avenue René Cassin, 97490, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Lobna Hajji-Hedfi
- Regional Centre of Agricultural Research of Sidi Bouzid, CRRA, Gafsa Road Km 6, 357, 9100, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer El Shahawy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Azeem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of South Africa
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Mora-Gamboa MPC, Ferrucho-Calle MC, Ardila-Leal LD, Rojas-Ojeda LM, Galindo JF, Poutou-Piñales RA, Pedroza-Rodríguez AM, Quevedo-Hidalgo BE. Statistical Improvement of rGILCC 1 and rPOXA 1B Laccases Activity Assay Conditions Supported by Molecular Dynamics. Molecules 2023; 28:7263. [PMID: 37959683 PMCID: PMC10648076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccases (E.C. 1.10.3.2) are glycoproteins widely distributed in nature. Their structural conformation includes three copper sites in their catalytic center, which are responsible for facilitating substrate oxidation, leading to the generation of H2O instead of H2O2. The measurement of laccase activity (UL-1) results may vary depending on the type of laccase, buffer, redox mediators, and substrates employed. The aim was to select the best conditions for rGILCC 1 and rPOXA 1B laccases activity assay. After sequential statistical assays, the molecular dynamics proved to support this process, and we aimed to accumulate valuable insights into the potential application of these enzymes for the degradation of novel substrates with negative environmental implications. Citrate buffer treatment T2 (CB T2) (pH 3.0 ± 0.2; λ420nm, 2 mM ABTS) had the most favorable results, with 7.315 ± 0.131 UL-1 for rGILCC 1 and 5291.665 ± 45.83 UL-1 for rPOXA 1B. The use of citrate buffer increased the enzyme affinity for ABTS since lower Km values occurred for both enzymes (1.49 × 10-2 mM for rGILCC 1 and 3.72 × 10-2 mM for rPOXA 1B) compared to those obtained in acetate buffer (5.36 × 10-2 mM for rGILCC 1 and 1.72 mM for rPOXA 1B). The molecular dynamics of GILCC 1-ABTS and POXA 1B-ABTS showed stable behavior, with root mean square deviation (RMSD) values not exceeding 2.0 Å. Enzyme activities (rGILCC 1 and rPOXA 1B) and 3D model-ABTS interactions (GILCC 1-ABTS and POXA 1B-ABTS) were under the strong influence of pH, wavelength, ions, and ABTS concentration, supported by computational studies identifying the stabilizing residues and interactions. Integration of the experimental and computational approaches yielded a comprehensive understanding of enzyme-substrate interactions, offering potential applications in environmental substrate treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P. C. Mora-Gamboa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia (M.C.F.-C.); (L.D.A.-L.)
| | - María C. Ferrucho-Calle
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia (M.C.F.-C.); (L.D.A.-L.)
| | - Leidy D. Ardila-Leal
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia (M.C.F.-C.); (L.D.A.-L.)
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Grupo de Investigación en Asuntos Ambientales y Desarrollo Sostenible (MINDALA), Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Ambiente, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Ocaña 546552, Colombia
| | - Lina M. Rojas-Ojeda
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Johan F. Galindo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Raúl A. Poutou-Piñales
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia (M.C.F.-C.); (L.D.A.-L.)
| | - Aura M. Pedroza-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y Suelos, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Balkys E. Quevedo-Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
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3
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Valorization of Lignin and Its Derivatives Using Yeast. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As the third most plentiful biopolymer after other lignocellulosic derivates such as cellulose and hemicellulose, lignin carries abundant potential as a substitute for petroleum-based products. However, the efficient, practical, value-added product valorization of lignin remains quite challenging. Although several studies have reviewed the valorization of lignin by microorganisms, this present review covers recent studies on the valorization of lignin by employing yeast to obtain products such as single-cell oils (SCOs), enzymes, and other chemical compounds. The use of yeasts has been found to be suitable for the biological conversion of lignin and might provide new insights for future research to develop a yeast strain for lignin to produce other valuable chemical compounds.
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Purification and biochemical characterization of a new thermostable laccase from Enterococcus faecium A2 by a three-phase partitioning method and investigation of its decolorization potential. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:533. [PMID: 35906438 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Three-phase partitioning (TPP) is a simple, fast, cost-effective, and highly efficient process that can be used in the purification of laccases. In this study, microorganisms with laccase activity were isolated from water samples collected from the Agri-Diyadin hot spring. The isolate with the highest laccase activity was found to be the A2 strain. As a result of molecular (16S rRNA sequence) and conventional (morphological, biochemical, and physiological) analyses, it was determined that the A2 isolate was 99% similar to Enterococcus faecium (Genbank number: MH424896). The laccase was purified to 4.9-fold with 110% recovery using the TPP. The molecular mass of the enzyme was found by SDS-PAGE to be 50.11 kDa. Optimum pH 6.0 and optimum temperature for laccase were determined as 80 °C. The laccase exhibited pH stability over a wide range (pH 3.0-9.0) and a high thermostability, retaining over 90% of its activity after 1 h of incubation at 20-90 °C. The laccase exhibited high thermostability, with a heat inactivation half-life of approximately 24 h at 80 °C. The enzyme remained highly stable in the presence of surfactants and increased its activity in the presence of organic solvents, Cr2+, Cu2+, and Ag+ metal ions. The Km, Vmax, kcat, and kcat/Km values of laccase for 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) substrate were 0.68 mM, 5.29 μmol mL-1 min-1, 110.2 s-1, and 162.1 s-1 mM-1, respectively.
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Cruz-Vázquez A, Tomasini A, Armas-Tizapantzi A, Marcial-Quino J, Montiel-González AM. Extracellular proteases and laccases produced by Pleurotus ostreatus PoB: the effects of proteases on laccase activity. Int Microbiol 2022; 25:495-502. [PMID: 35113262 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Laccases are enzymes produced by plants and white rot fungi, such as Pleurotus ostreatus, with industrial applications. Fungal laccases have been widely studied, and investigations, such as those involving recombinant DNA technology or adding inducers, have been made to increase laccase production. On the other hand, it has been proposed that extracellular proteases could decrease laccase activity when both types of enzymes are produced by P. ostreatus. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of proteases on the activity of extracellular laccases produced by P. ostreatus PoB in submerged culture. Results showed that P. ostreatus PoB produced alkaline, acidic, and neutral proteases. Protease activity was quantified, and the highest activity at alkaline pH (9.0) was 5.63 IU/L (192 h), that at acidic pH (2.0) was 3.38 IU/L (192 h), and that at neutral pH (7.0) was 6.20 IU/L (312 h). The protease activity decreased in the presence of different protease inhibitors, as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), EDTA, pepstatin A, and a cocktail of protease inhibitors. Laccase activity was determined in cultures with and without protease inhibitors. In the control culture (without inhibitor), the highest laccase specific activity was 99.88 IU/mg protein. In cultures with PMSF, pepstatin A, or a cocktail of protease inhibitors, laccase activity increased by approximately 1.35-fold (138 IU/mg protein) with respect to the control culture. The inhibitor EDTA did not produce a positive effect on extracellular laccase activity. These results suggest that laccase activity is affected by the actions of acidic and neutral extracellular proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcadio Cruz-Vázquez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Carr. Tlaxcala-Puebla km 1.5, 90062, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Araceli Tomasini
- Departamento de Biotecnología, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco #186, Colonia Vicentina, Delegación Iztapalapa, 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Anahí Armas-Tizapantzi
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Carr. Tlaxcala-Puebla km 1.5, 90062, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Jaime Marcial-Quino
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, CONACYT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, 04530, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alba Mónica Montiel-González
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Aut. San Martín Texmelucan-Tlaxcala km 10.5, 90120 San Felipe Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, México.
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6
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Illuri R, Kumar M, Eyini M, Veeramanikandan V, Almaary KS, Elbadawi YB, Biraqdar MA, Balaji P. Production, partial purification and characterization of ligninolytic enzymes from selected basidiomycetes mushroom fungi. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7207-7218. [PMID: 34867024 PMCID: PMC8626257 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many research on the quantity of lignocellulosic waste have been developed. The production, partial purification, and characterisation of ligninolytic enzymes from various fungi are described in this work. On the 21st day of incubation in Potato Dextrose (PD) broth, Hypsizygus ulmarius developed the most laccase (14.83 × 10−6 IU/ml) and manganese peroxidase (24.11 × 10−6 IU/ml), while Pleurotus florida produced the most lignin peroxidase (19.56 × −6 IU/ml). Laccase (Lac), lignin peroxidase (LiP), and manganese peroxidase (MnP), all generated by selected basidiomycetes mushroom fungi, were largely isolated using ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by dialysis. Laccase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase purification findings indicated 1.83, 2.13, and 1.77 fold purity enhancements, respectively. Specific activity of purified laccase enzyme preparations ranged from 305.80 to 376.85 IU/mg, purified lignin peroxidase from 258.51 to 336.95 IU/mg, and purified manganese peroxidase from 253.45 to 529.34 IU/mg. H. ulmarius laccase (376.85 IU/mg) with 1.83 fold purification had the highest specific activity of all the ligninolytic enzymes studied, followed by 2.13 fold purification in lignin peroxidase (350.57 IU/mg) and manganese peroxidase (529.34 IU/mg) with 1.77-fold purification. Three notable bands with molecular weights ranging from 43 to 68 kDa and a single prominent band with a molecular weight of 97.4 kDa were identified on a Native PAGE gel from mycelial proteins of selected mushroom fungus. The SDS PAGE profiles of the mycelial proteins from the selected mushroom fungus were similar to the native PAGE. All three partially purified ligninolytic isozymes display three bands in native gel electrophoresis, with only one prominent band in enzyme activity staining. The 43 kDa, 55 kDa, and 68 kDa protein bands correspond to laccase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanaiah Illuri
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Madras Christian College (Autonomous), Tambaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Eyini
- Department of Botany, Thiagarajar College (Autonomous), Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Veeramanikandan
- PG and Research Centre in Microbiology, MGR College, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Khalid S Almaary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya B Elbadawi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Biraqdar
- College of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - P Balaji
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ardila-Leal LD, Poutou-Piñales RA, Pedroza-Rodríguez AM, Quevedo-Hidalgo BE. A Brief History of Colour, the Environmental Impact of Synthetic Dyes and Removal by Using Laccases. Molecules 2021; 26:3813. [PMID: 34206669 PMCID: PMC8270347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of colour is fascinating from a social and artistic viewpoint because it shows the way; use; and importance acquired. The use of colours date back to the Stone Age (the first news of cave paintings); colour has contributed to the social and symbolic development of civilizations. Colour has been associated with hierarchy; power and leadership in some of them. The advent of synthetic dyes has revolutionized the colour industry; and due to their low cost; their use has spread to different industrial sectors. Although the percentage of coloured wastewater discharged by the textile; food; pharmaceutical; cosmetic; and paper industries; among other productive areas; are unknown; the toxic effect and ecological implications of this discharged into water bodies are harmful. This review briefly shows the social and artistic history surrounding the discovery and use of natural and synthetic dyes. We summarise the environmental impact caused by the discharge of untreated or poorly treated coloured wastewater to water bodies; which has led to physical; chemical and biological treatments to reduce the colour units so as important physicochemical parameters. We also focus on laccase utility (EC 1.10.3.2), for discolouration enzymatic treatment of coloured wastewater, before its discharge into water bodies. Laccases (p-diphenol: oxidoreductase dioxide) are multicopper oxidoreductase enzymes widely distributed in plants, insects, bacteria, and fungi. Fungal laccases have employed for wastewater colour removal due to their high redox potential. This review includes an analysis of the stability of laccases, the factors that influence production at high scales to achieve discolouration of high volumes of contaminated wastewater, the biotechnological impact of laccases, and the degradation routes that some dyes may follow when using the laccase for colour removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy D. Ardila-Leal
- Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá 110-23, DC, Colombia;
| | - Raúl A. Poutou-Piñales
- Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá 110-23, DC, Colombia;
| | - Aura M. Pedroza-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y de Suelos, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá 110-23, DC, Colombia;
| | - Balkys E. Quevedo-Hidalgo
- Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá 110-23, DC, Colombia;
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Asemoloye MD, Marchisio MA, Gupta VK, Pecoraro L. Genome-based engineering of ligninolytic enzymes in fungi. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:20. [PMID: 33478513 PMCID: PMC7819241 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many fungi grow as saprobic organisms and obtain nutrients from a wide range of dead organic materials. Among saprobes, fungal species that grow on wood or in polluted environments have evolved prolific mechanisms for the production of degrading compounds, such as ligninolytic enzymes. These enzymes include arrays of intense redox-potential oxidoreductase, such as laccase, catalase, and peroxidases. The ability to produce ligninolytic enzymes makes a variety of fungal species suitable for application in many industries, including the production of biofuels and antibiotics, bioremediation, and biomedical application as biosensors. However, fungal ligninolytic enzymes are produced naturally in small quantities that may not meet the industrial or market demands. Over the last decade, combined synthetic biology and computational designs have yielded significant results in enhancing the synthesis of natural compounds in fungi. Main body of the abstract In this review, we gave insights into different protein engineering methods, including rational, semi-rational, and directed evolution approaches that have been employed to enhance the production of some important ligninolytic enzymes in fungi. We described the role of metabolic pathway engineering to optimize the synthesis of chemical compounds of interest in various fields. We highlighted synthetic biology novel techniques for biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) activation in fungo and heterologous reconstruction of BGC in microbial cells. We also discussed in detail some recombinant ligninolytic enzymes that have been successfully enhanced and expressed in different heterologous hosts. Finally, we described recent advance in CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-Cas (CRISPR associated) protein systems as the most promising biotechnology for large-scale production of ligninolytic enzymes. Short conclusion Aggregation, expression, and regulation of ligninolytic enzymes in fungi require very complex procedures with many interfering factors. Synthetic and computational biology strategies, as explained in this review, are powerful tools that can be combined to solve these puzzles. These integrated strategies can lead to the production of enzymes with special abilities, such as wide substrate specifications, thermo-stability, tolerance to long time storage, and stability in different substrate conditions, such as pH and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dare Asemoloye
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai District, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mario Andrea Marchisio
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai District, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Lorenzo Pecoraro
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai District, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Karnaouri A, Zerva A, Christakopoulos P, Topakas E. Screening of Recombinant Lignocellulolytic Enzymes Through Rapid Plate Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2178:479-503. [PMID: 33128767 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0775-6_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the search for novel biomass-degrading enzymes through mining microbial genomes, it is necessary to apply functional tests during high-throughput screenings, which are capable of detecting enzymatic activities directly by way of plate assay. Using the most efficient expression systems of Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris, the production of a high amount of His-tagged recombinant proteins could be thrived, allowing the one-step isolation by affinity chromatography. Here, we describe simple and efficient assay techniques for the detection of various biomass-degrading enzymatic activities on agar plates, such as cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, and ligninolytic activities and their isolation using immobilized-metal affinity chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Karnaouri
- Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Synthesis and Development of Industrial Processes, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Zerva
- Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Synthesis and Development of Industrial Processes, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Synthesis and Development of Industrial Processes, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
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Tülek A, Karataş E, Çakar MM, Aydın D, Yılmazcan Ö, Binay B. Optimisation of the Production and Bleaching Process for a New Laccase from Madurella mycetomatis, Expressed in Pichia pastoris: from Secretion to Yielding Prominent. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 63:24-39. [PMID: 33058020 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Laccases are polyphenol oxidoreductases used in a number of industrial applications. Due to the increasing demand for these "green catalysis" enzymes, the identification and biochemical characterisation of their novel properties is essential. In our study, cloned Madurella mycetomatis laccase (mmlac) genes were heterologously expressed in the methylotrophic yeast host Pichia pastoris. The high yield of the active recombinant protein in P. pastoris demonstrates the efficiency of a reliably constructed plasmid to express the laccase gene. The optimal biochemical conditions for the successfully expressed MmLac enzyme were identified. Detailed structural properties of the recombinant laccase were determined, and its utility in decolourisation and textile bleaching applications was examined. MmLac demonstrates good activity in an acidic pH range (4.0-6.0); is stable in the presence of cationic metals, organic solvents and under high temperatures (50-60 °C); and is stable for long-term storage at - 20 °C and - 80 °C for up to eight weeks. The structural analysis revealed that the catalytic residues are partially similar to other laccases. MmLac resulted in an increase in whiteness, whilst demonstrating high efficiency and stability and requiring the input of fewer chemicals. The performance of this enzyme makes it worthy of investigation for use in textile biotechnology applications, as well as within environmental and food technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Tülek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ersin Karataş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Mervan Çakar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Derya Aydın
- Ak-Kim Kimya San. Ve Tic. A.S., 77600, Çiftlikköy, Yalova, Turkey
| | - Özlem Yılmazcan
- Ak-Kim Kimya San. Ve Tic. A.S., 77600, Çiftlikköy, Yalova, Turkey
| | - Barış Binay
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Yang X, Gu C, Lin Y. A novel fungal laccase from Sordaria macrospora k-hell: expression, characterization, and application for lignin degradation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1133-1139. [PMID: 32067135 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The laccase has the ability to oxidize substituted phenols and the water is the sole byproduct, thus it has been employed to remove and/or modify the lignin in lignocellulosic material. A putative laccase gene, LacSM, from Sordaria macrospora k-hell was screened by a genome mining approach. Then, it was cloned and highly expressed in Escherichia coli. The molecular weight of recombinant LacSM was ~ 67 kDa. The optimal pH values for the LacSM oxidation of guaiacol, syringaldazine, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) were 6, 7, 5, and 5, respectively. The optimal activity of laccase was observed at 60, 55, 55, and 50 °C for four respective substrates. LacSM remained stable at pH 5-8 and thermostable at 60 °C with guaiacol as the substrate. 1 mM K+, Na+, or Mn2+ ions slightly stimulated laccase activity. In addition, LacSM was moderately tolerant to the Cl- ion and showed an ability to remove and/or modify lignin. Thus, LacSM was a potential candidate for industrial applications, such as lignin degradation of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, 334 Building 6, University Park, Panyu district, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenguang Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, 334 Building 6, University Park, Panyu district, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, 334 Building 6, University Park, Panyu district, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Huang H, Liang Q, Wang Y, Chen J, Kang Z. High-level constitutive expression of leech hyaluronidase with combined strategies in recombinant Pichia pastoris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1621-1632. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
There is a high number of well characterized, commercially available laccases with different redox potentials and low substrate specificity, which in turn makes them attractive for a vast array of biotechnological applications. Laccases operate as batteries, storing electrons from individual substrate oxidation reactions to reduce molecular oxygen, releasing water as the only by-product. Due to society’s increasing environmental awareness and the global intensification of bio-based economies, the biotechnological industry is also expanding. Enzymes such as laccases are seen as a better alternative for use in the wood, paper, textile, and food industries, and they are being applied as biocatalysts, biosensors, and biofuel cells. Almost 140 years from the first description of laccase, industrial implementations of these enzymes still remain scarce in comparison to their potential, which is mostly due to high production costs and the limited control of the enzymatic reaction side product(s). This review summarizes the laccase applications in the last decade, focusing on the published patents during this period.
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Ardila-Leal LD, Albarracín-Pardo DA, Rivera-Hoyos CM, Morales-Álvarez ED, Poutou-Piñales RA, Cardozo-Bernal AM, Quevedo-Hidalgo BE, Pedroza-Rodríguez AM, Díaz-Rincón DJ, Rodríguez-López A, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Cuervo-Patiño CL. Media improvement for 10 L bioreactor production of rPOXA 1B laccase by P. pastoris. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:447. [PMID: 31763125 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we statistically improved culture media for rPOXA 1B laccase production, expressed in Pichia pastoris containing pGAPZαA-LaccPost-Stop construct and assayed at 10 L bioreactor production scale (6 L effective work volume). The concentrated enzyme was evaluated for temperature and pH stability and kinetic parameter, characterized by monitoring oxidation of different ABTS [2, 20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] substrate concentrations. Plackett-Burman experimental design (PBED) implementation improved previous work results by 3.05-fold, obtaining a laccase activity of 1373.72 ± 0.37 U L-1 at 168 h of culture in a 500 mL shake flask. In contrast, one factor experimental design (OFED) applied after PBED improved by threefold the previous study, additionally increasing the C/N ratio. Employing OFED media at 10 L bioreactor scale was capable of producing 3159.93 ± 498.90 U L-1 at 192 h, representing a 2.4-fold increase. rPOXA 1B concentrate remained stable between 10 and 50 °C and retained over 70% residual enzymatic activity at 60 °C and 50% at 70 °C. Concerning pH stability, the enzyme was stable at pH 4.0 ± 0.2 with a residual activity greater than 90%. The lowest residual activity (60%) was obtained at pH 10.0 ± 0.2. Furthermore, the apparent kinetic parameters were V max of 3.163 × 10-2 mM min-1 and K m of 1.716 mM. Collectively, regarding enzyme stability our data provide possibilities for applications involving a wide range of pH and temperatures.
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Litwińska K, Bischoff F, Matthes F, Bode R, Rutten T, Kunze G. Characterization of recombinant laccase from Trametes versicolor synthesized by Arxula adeninivorans and its application in the degradation of pharmaceuticals. AMB Express 2019; 9:102. [PMID: 31297621 PMCID: PMC6624219 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen an increasing interest in laccase enzymes. Due to their ability of oxidizing various substrates, they are nowadays applied in multiple industrial fields including pulp delignification, textile dye bleaching, and bioremediation. In contrast to laccase production from native sources, with its generally low yield and high cost, heterologous laccase expression is far better suited to meet the growing industrial demands. TVLCC5 gene encoding Trametes versicolor laccase 5 was overexpressed in Arxula adeninivorans using the strong constitutive TEF1 promoter. Recombinant Tvlcc5 protein was purified by immobilized-metal ion affinity chromatography and biochemically characterized using 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) as substrate for standard activity assays. The enzyme showed the highest activity at 50 °C between pH 4.5–5.5. The half-life of Tvlcc5 at 60 °C was around 20 min. The negative effect of chloride anions on enzyme activity was demonstrated. A fed-batch cultivation of Tvlcc5 producing strain A. adeninivorans G1212/YRC102-TEF1-TVLCC5-6H was performed and resulted in a laccase activity of 4986.3 U L−1. To improve the expression level of recombinant laccase in A. adeninivorans, cultivation conditions were optimized by single factor experiments. Recombinant Tvlcc5 proved to be a promising agent for degradation of pharmaceuticals that are an important source of environmental pollution. Concentration of diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole decreased to 46.8% and 51.1% respectively after 24 h incubation with Tvlcc5. When 1 mM redox mediator ABTS was added complete degradation was obtained within 1 h.
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A novel thermophilic laccase-like multicopper oxidase from Thermothelomyces thermophila and its application in the oxidative cyclization of 2′,3,4-trihydroxychalcone. N Biotechnol 2019; 49:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Fonseca M, Molina M, Winnik D, Busi M, Fariña J, Villalba L, Zapata P. Isolation of a laccase-coding gene from the lignin-degrading fungusPhlebia brevisporaBAFC 633 and heterologous expression inPichia pastoris. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:1454-1468. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.I. Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Misiones; Posadas Misiones Argentina
| | - M.A. Molina
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Misiones; Posadas Misiones Argentina
| | - D.L. Winnik
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Misiones; Posadas Misiones Argentina
| | - M.V. Busi
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET); Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Rosario Argentina
| | - J.I. Fariña
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Fúngica; PROIMI-CONICET; Tucumán Argentina
| | - L.L. Villalba
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Misiones; Posadas Misiones Argentina
| | - P.D. Zapata
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular; Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales; Universidad Nacional de Misiones; Posadas Misiones Argentina
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Zheng F, An Q, Meng G, Wu XJ, Dai YC, Si J, Cui BK. A novel laccase from white rot fungus Trametes orientalis : Purification, characterization, and application. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:758-770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Variants of PpuLcc, a multi-dye decolorizing laccase from Pleurotus pulmonarius expressed in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 137:34-42. [PMID: 28651974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A laccase of the basidiomycete Pleurotus pulmonarius (PpuLcc) possessed strong decolorizing abilities towards artificial and natural dyes. The PpuLcc was purified from the culture supernatant via FPLC, and the corresponding gene cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. To examine the impact of the C-terminal tail region and the signal peptide on the recombinant expression of PpuLcc, a non-modified version or different truncations (-2, -5, -13 AA) of the target protein were combined with different secretion signals. Heterologous expression of codon optimized constructs resulted in extracellular activities of the PpuLcc variants of up to 7000 U L-1 (substrate ABTS) which was six times higher than non-codon optimized constructs. In contrast to previous works, altering the C-terminal end of the protein did not influence kinetic parameters or the rate of expression. The His-Tag purified enzymes showed high temperature optima (50-70 °C) and thermo stability. All of the recombinant variants degraded triarylmethane and azo dyes. Rapid bleaching of β-carotene (E 160a) and the polyene acid norbixin (E 160b) using a laccase was found for the first time. Thus, the enzyme may be useful in decolorizing unwanted polyene pigments, for example from the processing of cheese, bakery, desserts, ice cream or coloured casings.
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Avelar M, Olvera C, Aceves-Zamudio D, Folch JL, Ayala M. Recombinant expression of a laccase from Coriolopsis gallica in Pichia pastoris using a modified α-factor preproleader. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 136:14-19. [PMID: 28602730 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work we communicate the heterologous expression of a laccase from Coriolopsis gallica in Pichia pastoris. This enzyme has been reported to efficiently degrade a variety of pollutants such as industrial dyes. The expression strategy included using a previously reported modified α-factor preproleader for enhanced secretion and pAOX1, a methanol-responsive promoter. Methanol concentration, copper salts concentration and temperature were varied in order to enhance laccase expression in this heterologous system. A volumetric activity of 250 U/L was achieved after 12-day culture in Fernbach flasks. The protein was recovered from the supernatant and purified, obtaining a preparation with 90% electrophoretic purity. The catalytic constants of the recombinant enzyme are almost identical to the fungal enzyme, thus rendering this system a useful tool for protein engineering of laccase from C. gallica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Avelar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología UNAM, Av. Universidad 2001 Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Clarita Olvera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología UNAM, Av. Universidad 2001 Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Denise Aceves-Zamudio
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología UAEM, Av. Universidad 2001 Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Folch
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología UAEM, Av. Universidad 2001 Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Marcela Ayala
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología UNAM, Av. Universidad 2001 Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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21
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Yang J, Li W, Ng TB, Deng X, Lin J, Ye X. Laccases: Production, Expression Regulation, and Applications in Pharmaceutical Biodegradation. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:832. [PMID: 28559880 PMCID: PMC5432550 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccases are a family of copper-containing oxidases with important applications in bioremediation and other various industrial and biotechnological areas. There have been over two dozen reviews on laccases since 2010 covering various aspects of this group of versatile enzymes, from their occurrence, biochemical properties, and expression to immobilization and applications. This review is not intended to be all-encompassing; instead, we highlighted some of the latest developments in basic and applied laccase research with an emphasis on laccase-mediated bioremediation of pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics. Pharmaceuticals are a broad class of emerging organic contaminants that are recalcitrant and prevalent. The recent surge in the relevant literature justifies a short review on the topic. Since low laccase yields in natural and genetically modified hosts constitute a bottleneck to industrial-scale applications, we also accentuated a genus of laccase-producing white-rot fungi, Cerrena, and included a discussion with regards to regulation of laccase expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou UniversityFujian, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou UniversityFujian, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xiangzhen Deng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou UniversityFujian, China
| | - Juan Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou UniversityFujian, China
| | - Xiuyun Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou UniversityFujian, China
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PİNAR O, TAMERLER C, YAZGAN KARATAŞ A. Heterologous expression and characterization of a high redox potential laccase from Coriolopsis polyzona MUCL 38443. Turk J Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1605-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Abstract
Laccases are multi-copper oxidoreductases which catalyze the oxidation of a wide range of substrates during the simultaneous reduction of oxygen to water. These enzymes, originally found in fungi, plants, and other natural sources, have many industrial and biotechnological applications. They are used in the food, textile, pulp, and paper industries, as well as for bioremediation purposes. Although natural hosts can provide relatively high levels of active laccases after production optimization, heterologous expression can bring, moreover, engineered enzymes with desired properties, such as different substrate specificity or improved stability. Hence, diverse hosts suitable for laccase production are reviewed here, while the greatest emphasis is placed on yeasts which are commonly used for industrial production of various proteins. Different approaches to optimize the laccase expression and activity are also discussed in detail here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Antošová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Ergün BG, Çalık P. Lignocellulose degrading extremozymes produced by Pichia pastoris: current status and future prospects. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1-36. [PMID: 26497303 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, extremophilic lignocellulosic enzymes with special interest on xylanases, β-mannanases, laccases and finally cellulases, namely, endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases produced by Pichia pastoris are reviewed for the first time. Recombinant lignocellulosic extremozymes are discussed from the perspectives of their potential application areas; characteristics of recombinant and native enzymes; the effects of P. pastoris expression system on recombinant extremozymes; and their expression levels and applied strategies to increase the enzyme expression yield. Further, effects of enzyme domains on activity and stability, protein engineering via molecular dynamics simulation and computational prediction, and site-directed mutagenesis and amino acid modifications done are also focused. Superior enzyme characteristics and improved stability due to the proper post-translational modifications and better protein folding performed by P. pastoris make this host favourable for extremozyme production. Especially, glycosylation contributes to the structure, function and stability of enzymes, as generally glycosylated enzymes produced by P. pastoris exhibit better thermostability than non-glycosylated enzymes. However, there has been limited study on enzyme engineering to improve catalytic efficiency and stability of lignocellulosic enzymes. Thus, in the future, studies should focus on protein engineering to improve stability and catalytic efficiency via computational modelling, mutations, domain replacements and fusion enzyme technology. Also metagenomic data need to be used more extensively to produce novel enzymes with extreme characteristics and stability.
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Laccase Gene Family in Cerrena sp. HYB07: Sequences, Heterologous Expression and Transcriptional Analysis. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081017. [PMID: 27527131 PMCID: PMC6273318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are a class of multi-copper oxidases with industrial potential. In this study, eight laccases (Lac1-8) from Cerrena sp. strain HYB07, a white-rot fungus with high laccase yields, were analyzed. The laccases showed moderate identities to each other as well as with other fungal laccases and were predicted to have high redox potentials except for Lac6. Selected laccase isozymes were heterologously expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris, and different enzymatic properties were observed. Transcription of the eight laccase genes was differentially regulated during submerged and solid state fermentation, as shown by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and validated reference genes. During 6-day submerged fermentation, Lac7 and 2 were successively the predominantly expressed laccase gene, accounting for over 95% of all laccase transcripts. Interestingly, accompanying Lac7 downregulation, Lac2 transcription was drastically upregulated on days 3 and 5 to 9958-fold of the level on day 1. Consistent with high mRNA abundance, Lac2 and 7, but not other laccases, were identified in the fermentation broth by LC-MS/MS. In solid state fermentation, less dramatic differences in transcript abundance were observed, and Lac3, 7 and 8 were more highly expressed than other laccase genes. Elucidating the properties and expression profiles of the laccase gene family will facilitate understanding, production and commercialization of the fungal strain and its laccases.
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Improved Production of Active Streptomyces griseus Trypsin with a Novel Auto-Catalyzed Strategy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23158. [PMID: 26983398 PMCID: PMC4794721 DOI: 10.1038/srep23158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
N-terminal sequences play crucial roles in regulating expression, translation, activation and enzymatic properties of proteins. To reduce cell toxicity of intracellular trypsin and increase secretory expression, we developed a novel auto-catalyzed strategy to produce recombinant trypsin by engineering the N-terminus of mature Streptomyces griseus trypsin (SGT). The engineered N-terminal peptide of SGT was composed of the thioredoxin, glycine-serine linker, His6-tag and the partial bovine trypsinogen pro-peptide (DDDDK). Furthermore, we constructed a variant TLEI with insertion of the artificial peptide at N-terminus and site-directed mutagenesis of the autolysis residue R145. In fed-batch fermentation, the production of extracellular trypsin activity was significantly improved to 47.4 ± 1.2 U·ml−1 (amidase activity, 8532 ± 142.2 U·ml−1 BAEE activity) with a productivity of 0.49 U·ml−1·h−1, which was 329% greater than that of parent strain Pichia pastoris GS115-SGT. This work has significant potential to be scaled-up for microbial production of SGT. In addition, the N-terminal peptide engineering strategy can be extended to improve heterologous expression of other toxic enzymes.
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27
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Yuan X, Tian G, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Wang H, Ng TB. Biochemical Characteristics of Three Laccase Isoforms from the Basidiomycete Pleurotus nebrodensis. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21020203. [PMID: 26861278 PMCID: PMC6273344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of three laccase isoforms from Pleurotus nebrodensis is described. Isoenzymes Lac1, Lac2 and Lac3 were purified to homogeneity using ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose and Q-Sepharose and a gel filtration step on Superdex 75. The molecular weights of the purified laccases were estimated to be 68, 64 and 51 kDa, respectively. The isoenzymes demonstrated the same optimum pH at 3.0 but slightly different temperature optima: 50–60 °C for Lac1 and Lac3 and 60 °C for Lac2. Lac2 was always more stable than the other two isoforms and exposure to 50 °C for 120 min caused 30% loss in activity. Lac2 was relatively less stable than the other two isoforms when exposed to the pH range of 3.0–8.0 for 24 h, but inactivation only occurred initially, with around 70% residual activity being maintained during the whole process. Oxidative ability towards aromatic compounds varied substantially among the isoforms and each of them displayed preference toward some substrates. Kinetic constants (Km, Kcat) were determined by using a 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assay, with Lac3 showing the best affinity and Lac2 displaying the highest catalytic efficiency. Amino acid sequences from peptides derived from digestion of isoenzymes showed great consistency with laccases in the databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guoting Tian
- Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasmic Resource, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Yongchang Zhao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasmic Resource, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Liyan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhu C, Bao G, Huang S. Optimization of laccase production in the white-rot fungusPleurotus ostreatus(ACCC 52857) induced through yeast extract and copper. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1135081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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29
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Homologous and Heterologous Expression of Basidiomycete Genes Related to Plant Biomass Degradation. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27951-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu H, Tong C, Du B, Liang S, Lin Y. Expression and characterization of LacMP, a novel fungal laccase of Moniliophthora perniciosa FA553. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1829-35. [PMID: 26093604 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize a putative laccase gene, LacMP, of Moniliophthora perniciosa FA553 that had been screened using a genome mining approach, then cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. RESULTS The purified recombinant LacMP was ~57 kDa with a maximum laccase activity of 232 U/l. The optimal pH for oxidation reactions with 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), syringaldazine, guaiacol and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, were 6, 7.5, 6.5, and 6.5, respectively. The laccase activity was optimal at 60, 45, 45, and 55 °C for the four respective substrates. LacMP was stable at pH 6-8 and <30 °C. Li(+), K(+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), Mn(2+), and Mg(2+) at 1 mM had no obvious effect on its activity. CONCLUSION Given that LacMP has optimal activity under neutral and alkaline oxidation reaction conditions, it could be a potential candidate for industrial biocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Liu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China,
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Yang J, Ng TB, Lin J, Ye X. A novel laccase from basidiomycete Cerrena sp.: Cloning, heterologous expression, and characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 77:344-9. [PMID: 25825077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel laccase gene Lac1 and its cDNA were cloned from a white-rot fungus Cerrena sp. and characterized. The 1554-bp cDNA of Lac1 encoded a mature protein with 497 amino acids, preceded by a signal peptide of 20 amino acids. An unconventional intron splice site and incomplete splicing variants of Lac1 were observed. Lac1 was heterologously expressed in the yeast host Pichia pastoris, and a maximal laccase activity of 6.3UmL(-1) in the fermentation broth was achieved after fermentation for 9 days. The recombinant protein rLac1 was purified, and its enzymatic properties and functional characteristics were investigated. When ABTS was used as the substrate, the enzyme was most active at pH 3.5 and 55°C, and stable at pH 4-10 and 20-60°C. The Km and kcat values of rLac1 toward ABTS were 28.9 μM and 332.4s(-1), respectively. Furthermore, rLac1 was tolerant to common metal ions up to 100mM concentration and capable of decolorizing structurally different dyes in the absence of a redox mediator. Hence, Lac1 may be useful for industrial applications, such as dye decolorization and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juan Lin
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Xiuyun Ye
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
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Kalyani D, Tiwari MK, Li J, Kim SC, Kalia VC, Kang YC, Lee JK. A highly efficient recombinant laccase from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica and its application in the hydrolysis of biomass. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120156. [PMID: 25781945 PMCID: PMC4363317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A modified thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction was performed to obtain the first yeast laccase gene (YlLac) from the isolated yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. The 1557-bp full-length cDNA of YlLac encoded a mature laccase protein containing 519 amino acids preceded by a signal peptide of 19 amino acids, and the YlLac gene was expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. YlLac is a monomeric glycoprotein with a molecular mass of ~55 kDa as determined by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. It showed a higher catalytic efficiency towards 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (kcat/Km = 17.5 s(-1) μM(-1)) and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (kcat/Km = 16.1 s(-1) μM(-1)) than other reported laccases. The standard redox potential of the T1 site of the enzyme was found to be 772 mV. The highest catalytic efficiency of the yeast recombinant laccase, YlLac, makes it a good candidate for industrial applications: it removes phenolic compounds in acid-pretreated woody biomass (Populus balsamifera) and enhanced saccharification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanand Kalyani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jinglin Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Vipin C. Kalia
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi University Campus, Delhi, India
| | - Yun Chan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Kumar A, Sharma KK, Kumar P, Ramchiary N. Laccase isozymes from Ganoderma lucidum MDU-7: Isolation, characterization, catalytic properties and differential role during oxidative stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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A novel laccase with potent antiproliferative and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities from mycelia of mushroom Coprinus comatus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:417461. [PMID: 25540778 PMCID: PMC4164474 DOI: 10.1155/2014/417461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel laccase was isolated and purified from fermentation mycelia of mushroom Coprinus comatus with an isolation procedure including three ion-exchange chromatography steps on DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose, and Q-Sepharose and one gel-filtration step by fast protein liquid chromatography on Superdex 75. The purified enzyme was a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of 64 kDa. It possessed a unique N-terminal amino acid sequence of AIGPVADLKV, which has considerably high sequence similarity with that of other fungal laccases, but is different from that of C. comatus laccases reported. The enzyme manifested an optimal pH value of 2.0 and an optimal temperature of 60°C using 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazolone-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) as the substrate. The laccase displayed, at pH 2.0 and 37°C, Km values of 1.59 mM towards ABTS. It potently suppressed proliferation of tumor cell lines HepG2 and MCF7, and inhibited human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) with an IC50 value of 3.46 μM, 4.95 μM, and 5.85 μM, respectively, signifying that it is an antipathogenic protein.
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