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Revisiting the Carbonate Chemistry of the Sea of Japan (East Sea): From Water Column to Sediment. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the carbonate system in sediments and water columns from five stations in the Sea of Japan (East Sea) (JES) during the R/V Hakuho Maru KH-10-2 research cruise in the summer of 2010. The total alkalinity (TA) and pH were measured. Adopting a saturation degree of 91% and 80% for the lysocline depth and calcite compensation depth (CCD), respectively, we found that those depths corresponded to 1360 and 1980 m. A comparison of the calcite saturation depths, lysocline depths, and CCD depths obtained for 1999 and 2010 suggests that acidification of the interior of the JES occurred. Sediment cores were retrieved using a multi-corer. In the sediment cores, a sharp decrease in the pH by 0.3–0.4 pH units was observed in the subsurface horizons (0–10 cm) compared with the pH of the seawater from the bottom horizons. The TA in the porewaters was significantly higher than that in the overlying seawater. The anaerobic degradation of organic matter is probably the main cause for the increasing TA in the sediments. The porewaters were significantly undersaturated with calcite and aragonite, except in that from the shallowest station, where the sediments below 7.5 cm were saturated, and even supersaturated, with calcite and aragonite. A linear correlation between the dissolved inorganic carbon and the TA for sediments with a slope of 0.9993 was found, despite there being potentially different ways for the diagenesis of the organic matter to occur. The diagenesis of organic matter in the top sediments of the JES forms gradients of TA and CO2* concentrations on the interface of “bottom water–sediments”. Averaged fluxes of TA and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from the sediments to the bottom waters estimated by means of Fickian diffusion were calculated as 44 and 89 mmol/(m2 year) for TA and DIC, respectively.
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Mensch B, Neulinger SC, Künzel S, Wahl M, Schmitz RA. Warming, but Not Acidification, Restructures Epibacterial Communities of the Baltic Macroalga Fucus vesiculosus With Seasonal Variability. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1471. [PMID: 32676070 PMCID: PMC7333354 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to ocean acidification and global warming, surface seawater of the western Baltic Sea is expected to reach an average of ∼1100 μatm pCO2 and an increase of ∼5°C by the year 2100. In four consecutive experiments (spanning 10-11 weeks each) in all seasons within 1 year, the abiotic factors temperature (+5°C above in situ) and pCO2 (adjusted to ∼1100 μatm) were tested for their single and combined effects on epibacterial communities of the brown macroalga Fucus vesiculosus and on bacteria present in the surrounding seawater. The experiments were set up in three biological replicates using the Kiel Outdoor Benthocosm facility (Kiel, Germany). Phylogenetic analyses of the respective microbiota were performed by bacterial 16S (V1-V2) rDNA Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing after 0, 4, 8, and 10/11 weeks per season. The results demonstrate (I) that the bacterial community composition varied in time and (II) that relationships between operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within an OTU association network were mainly governed by the habitat. (III) Neither single pCO2 nor pCO2:Temperature interaction effects were statistically significant. However, significant impact of ocean warming was detected varying among seasons. (IV) An indicator OTU (iOTU) analysis identified several iOTUs that were strongly influenced by temperature in spring, summer, and winter. In the warming treatments of these three seasons, we observed decreasing numbers of bacteria that are commonly associated with a healthy marine microbial community and-particularly during spring and summer-an increase in potentially pathogenic and bacteria related to intensified microfouling. This might lead to severe consequences for the F. vesiculosus holobiont finally affecting the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Mensch
- Department of Biology, Institute of General Microbiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven C. Neulinger
- Department of Biology, Institute of General Microbiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- omics2view.consulting GbR, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven Künzel
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Martin Wahl
- Marine Ecology Division, Research Unit Experimental Ecology, Benthic Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ruth A. Schmitz
- Department of Biology, Institute of General Microbiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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3
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Queirós AM, Stephens N, Widdicombe S, Tait K, McCoy SJ, Ingels J, Rühl S, Airs R, Beesley A, Carnovale G, Cazenave P, Dashfield S, Hua E, Jones M, Lindeque P, McNeill CL, Nunes J, Parry H, Pascoe C, Widdicombe C, Smyth T, Atkinson A, Krause‐Jensen D, Somerfield PJ. Connected macroalgal‐sediment systems: blue carbon and food webs in the deep coastal ocean. ECOL MONOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Stephens
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory Plymouth PL1 3DH United Kingdom
- Nereis Bioengineering Llansadwrn SA19 8NA United Kingdom
| | | | - Karen Tait
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory Plymouth PL1 3DH United Kingdom
| | - Sophie J. McCoy
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory Plymouth PL1 3DH United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Science Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA
| | - Jeroen Ingels
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory Plymouth PL1 3DH United Kingdom
- Coastal and Marine Laboratory Florida State University St Teresa Florida 32358 USA
| | - Saskia Rühl
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory Plymouth PL1 3DH United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Airs
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory Plymouth PL1 3DH United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Beesley
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory Plymouth PL1 3DH United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Er Hua
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory Plymouth PL1 3DH United Kingdom
- Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Mark Jones
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory Plymouth PL1 3DH United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Joana Nunes
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory Plymouth PL1 3DH United Kingdom
| | - Helen Parry
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory Plymouth PL1 3DH United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Tim Smyth
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory Plymouth PL1 3DH United Kingdom
| | - Angus Atkinson
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory Plymouth PL1 3DH United Kingdom
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Moreira A, Figueira E, Pecora IL, Soares AMVM, Freitas R. Native and exotic oysters in Brazil: Comparative tolerance to hypercapnia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 161:202-211. [PMID: 29156343 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental hypercapnia in shallow coastal marine ecosystems can be exacerbated by increasing levels of atmospheric CO2. In these ecosystems organisms are expected to become increasingly subjected to pCO2 levels several times higher than those inhabiting ocean waters (e.g.: 10,000µatm), but still our current understanding on different species capacity to respond to such levels of hypercapnia is limited. Oysters are among the most important foundation species inhabiting these coastal ecosystems, although natural oyster banks are increasingly threatened worldwide. In the present study we studied the effects of hypercapnia on two important oyster species, the pacific oyster C. gigas and the mangrove oyster C. brasiliana, to bring new insights on different species response mechanisms towards three hypercapnic levels (ca. 1,000; 4,000; 10,000 µatm), by study of a set of biomarkers related to metabolic potential (electron transport system - ETS), antioxidant capacity (SOD, CAT, GSH), cellular damage (LPO) and energetic fitness (GLY), in two life stages (juvenile and adult) after 28 days of exposure. Results showed marked differences between each species tolerance capacity to hypercapnia, with contrasting metabolic readjustment strategies (ETS), different antioxidant response capacities (SOD, CAT, GSH), which generally allowed to prevent increased cellular damage (LPO) and energetic impairment (GLY) in both species. Juveniles were more responsive to hypercapnia stress in both congeners, and are likely to be most sensitive to extreme hypercapnia in the environment. Juvenile C. gigas presented more pronounced biochemical alterations at intermediate hypercapnia (4,000µatm) than C. brasiliana. Adult C. gigas showed biochemical alterations mostly in response to high hypercapnia (10,000µatm), while adult C. brasiliana were less responsive to this environmental stressor, despite presenting decreased metabolic potential. Our data bring new insights on the biochemical performance of two important oyster species, and suggest that the duration of extreme hypercapnia events in the ecosystem may pose increased challenges for these organisms as their tolerance capacity may be time limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Moreira
- Departmento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Departmento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Iracy L Pecora
- Campus do Litoral Paulista - Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/n São Vicente, CEP 11330-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departmento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departmento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Danovaro R, Corinaldesi C, Dell'Anno A, Rastelli E. Potential impact of global climate change on benthic deep-sea microbes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 364:4553516. [PMID: 29045616 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Benthic deep-sea environments are the largest ecosystem on Earth, covering ∼65% of the Earth surface. Microbes inhabiting this huge biome at all water depths represent the most abundant biological components and a relevant portion of the biomass of the biosphere, and play a crucial role in global biogeochemical cycles. Increasing evidence suggests that global climate changes are affecting also deep-sea ecosystems, both directly (causing shifts in bottom-water temperature, oxygen concentration and pH) and indirectly (through changes in surface oceans' productivity and in the consequent export of organic matter to the seafloor). However, the responses of the benthic deep-sea biota to such shifts remain largely unknown. This applies particularly to deep-sea microbes, which include bacteria, archaea, microeukaryotes and their viruses. Understanding the potential impacts of global change on the benthic deep-sea microbial assemblages and the consequences on the functioning of the ocean interior is a priority to better forecast the potential consequences at global scale. Here we explore the potential changes in the benthic deep-sea microbiology expected in the coming decades using case studies on specific systems used as test models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Danovaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.,Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Sciences and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urbanistics, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Dell'Anno
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Eugenio Rastelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.,Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
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6
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Vopel K, Del-Río C, Pilditch CA. Effects of CO 2 enrichment on benthic primary production and inorganic nitrogen fluxes in two coastal sediments. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1035. [PMID: 29348554 PMCID: PMC5773597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification may alter the cycling of nitrogen in coastal sediment and so the sediment-seawater nitrogen flux, an important driver of pelagic productivity. To investigate how this perturbation affects the fluxes of NOX- (nitrite/nitrate), NH4+ and O2, we incubated estuarine sand and subtidal silt in recirculating seawater with a CO2-adjusted pH of 8.1 and 7.9. During a 41-day incubation, the seawater kept at pH 8.1 lost 97% of its NOX- content but the seawater kept at pH 7.9 lost only 18%. Excess CO2 increased benthic photosynthesis. In the silt, this was accompanied by a reversal of the initial NOX- efflux into influx. The estuarine sand sustained its initial NOX- influx but, by the end of the incubation, released more NH4+ at pH 7.9 than at pH 8.1. We hypothesise that these effects share a common cause; excess CO2 increased the growth of benthic microalgae and so nutrient competition with ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB). In the silt, diatoms likely outcompeted AOB for NH4+ and photosynthesis increased the dark/light fluctuations in the pore water oxygenation inhibiting nitrification and coupled nitrification/denitrification. If this is correct, then excess CO2 may lead to retention of inorganic nitrogen adding to the pressures of increasing coastal eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Vopel
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag, 92006, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Cintya Del-Río
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag, 92006, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Conrad A Pilditch
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag, 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
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7
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Lee MR, Torres R, Manríquez PH. The combined effects of ocean warming and acidification on shallow-water meiofaunal assemblages. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 131:1-9. [PMID: 28919151 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate change due to increased anthropogenic CO2 in the atmosphere is causing an increase in seawater temperatures referred to as ocean warming and a decrease in seawater pH, referred to as ocean acidification. The meiofauna play an important role in the ecology of marine ecosystems and the functions they provide. Using microcosms, meiofaunal assemblages were exposed to two temperatures (15 and 19 °C) and two pHs (pCO2 of 400 and 1000 ppm), both individually and in combination, for a period of 90 days. The hypothesis that increased temperature will increase meiofaunal abundance was not supported. The hypothesis that a reduced pH will reduce meiofaunal abundance and species richness was supported. The combination of future conditions of temperature and pH (19 °C and pCO2 of 1000 ppm) did not affect overall abundance but the structure of the nematode assemblage changed becoming dominated by a few opportunistic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Lee
- Centro i∼mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino a Chinquihue km.6, Puerto Montt, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Coyhaique, Chile; Centro de Investigación: Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Chile
| | - Patricio H Manríquez
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile
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8
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Dang H, Chen CTA. Ecological Energetic Perspectives on Responses of Nitrogen-Transforming Chemolithoautotrophic Microbiota to Changes in the Marine Environment. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1246. [PMID: 28769878 PMCID: PMC5509916 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation and mobilization of bioessential elements in the biosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere constitute the Earth’s biogeochemical cycles, which are driven mainly by microorganisms through their energy and material metabolic processes. Without microbial energy harvesting from sources of light and inorganic chemical bonds for autotrophic fixation of inorganic carbon, there would not be sustainable ecosystems in the vast ocean. Although ecological energetics (eco-energetics) has been emphasized as a core aspect of ecosystem analyses and microorganisms largely control the flow of matter and energy in marine ecosystems, marine microbial communities are rarely studied from the eco-energetic perspective. The diverse bioenergetic pathways and eco-energetic strategies of the microorganisms are essentially the outcome of biosphere-geosphere interactions over evolutionary times. The biogeochemical cycles are intimately interconnected with energy fluxes across the biosphere and the capacity of the ocean to fix inorganic carbon is generally constrained by the availability of nutrients and energy. The understanding of how microbial eco-energetic processes influence the structure and function of marine ecosystems and how they interact with the changing environment is thus fundamental to a mechanistic and predictive understanding of the marine carbon and nitrogen cycles and the trends in global change. By using major groups of chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms that participate in the marine nitrogen cycle as examples, this article examines their eco-energetic strategies, contributions to carbon cycling, and putative responses to and impacts on the various global change processes associated with global warming, ocean acidification, eutrophication, deoxygenation, and pollution. We conclude that knowledge gaps remain despite decades of tremendous research efforts. The advent of new techniques may bring the dawn to scientific breakthroughs that necessitate the multidisciplinary combination of eco-energetic, biogeochemical and “omics” studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyue Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China
| | - Chen-Tung A Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen UniversityKaohsiung, Taiwan
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9
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Godbold JA, Hale R, Wood CL, Solan M. Vulnerability of macronutrients to the concurrent effects of enhanced temperature and atmospheric pCO 2 in representative shelf sea sediment habitats. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 2017; 135:89-102. [PMID: 32009693 PMCID: PMC6961501 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-017-0340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental changes in seawater carbonate chemistry and sea surface temperatures associated with the ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 are accelerating, but investigations of the susceptibility of biogeochemical processes to the simultaneous occurrence of multiple components of climate change are uncommon. Here, we quantify how concurrent changes in enhanced temperature and atmospheric pCO2, coupled with an associated shift in macrofaunal community structure and behavior (sediment particle reworking and bioirrigation), modify net carbon and nutrient concentrations (NH4-N, NOx-N, PO4-P) in representative shelf sea sediment habitats (mud, sandy-mud, muddy-sand and sand) of the Celtic Sea. We show that net concentrations of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphate are, irrespective of sediment type, largely unaffected by a simultaneous increase in temperature and atmospheric pCO2. However, our analyses also reveal that a reduction in macrofaunal species richness and total abundance occurs under future environmental conditions, varies across a gradient of cohesive to non-cohesive sediments, and negatively moderates biogeochemical processes, in particular nitrification. Our findings indicate that future environmental conditions are unlikely to have strong direct effects on biogeochemical processes but, particularly in muddy sands, the abundance, activity, composition and functional role of invertebrate communities are likely to be altered in ways that will be sufficient to regulate the function of the microbial community and the availability of nutrients in shelf sea waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin A. Godbold
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH UK
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Rachel Hale
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH UK
| | - Christina L. Wood
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH UK
| | - Martin Solan
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH UK
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11
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Clements JC, Hunt HL. Effects of CO 2-driven sediment acidification on infaunal marine bivalves: A synthesis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 117:6-16. [PMID: 28143647 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While ocean acidification (OA) effects on marine organisms are well documented, impacts of sediment acidification on infaunal organisms are relatively understudied. Here we synthesize CO2-driven sediment acidification effects on infaunal marine bivalves. While sediment carbonate system conditions can already exceed near-future OA projections, sediments can become even more acidic as overlying seawater pH decreases. Evidence suggests that infaunal bivalves experience shell dissolution, more lesions, and increased mortality in more acidic sediments; effects on heavy metal accumulation appear complex and uncertain. Infaunal bivalves can avoid negative functional consequences of sediment acidification by reducing burrowing and increasing dispersal in more acidic sediments, irrespective of species or life stage; elevated temperature may compromise this avoidance behaviour. The combined effects of sediment acidification and other environmental stressors are virtually unknown. While it is evident that sediment acidification can impact infaunal marine bivalves, more research is needed to confidently predict effects under future ocean conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff C Clements
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, PO Box 5050, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L4L5, Canada.
| | - Heather L Hunt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, PO Box 5050, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L4L5, Canada
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Rastelli E, Corinaldesi C, Dell'Anno A, Amaro T, Greco S, Lo Martire M, Carugati L, Queirós AM, Widdicombe S, Danovaro R. CO 2 leakage from carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) systems affects organic matter cycling in surface marine sediments. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 122:158-168. [PMID: 27816195 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS), involving the injection of CO2 into the sub-seabed, is being promoted worldwide as a feasible option for reducing the anthropogenic CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. However, the effects on the marine ecosystems of potential CO2 leakages originating from these storage sites have only recently received scientific attention, and little information is available on the possible impacts of the resulting CO2-enriched seawater plumes on the surrounding benthic ecosystem. In the present study, we conducted a 20-weeks mesocosm experiment exposing coastal sediments to CO2-enriched seawater (at 5000 or 20,000 ppm), to test the effects on the microbial enzymatic activities responsible for the decomposition and turnover of the sedimentary organic matter in surface sediments down to 15 cm depth. Our results indicate that the exposure to high-CO2 concentrations reduced significantly the enzymatic activities in the top 5 cm of sediments, but had no effects on subsurface sediment horizons (from 5 to 15 cm depth). In the surface sediments, both 5000 and 20,000 ppm CO2 treatments determined a progressive decrease over time in the protein degradation (up to 80%). Conversely, the degradation rates of carbohydrates and organic phosphorous remained unaltered in the first 2 weeks, but decreased significantly (up to 50%) in the longer term when exposed at 20,000 ppm of CO2. Such effects were associated with a significant change in the composition of the biopolymeric carbon (due to the accumulation of proteins over time in sediments exposed to high-pCO2 treatments), and a significant decrease (∼20-50% at 5000 and 20,000 ppm respectively) in nitrogen regeneration. We conclude that in areas immediately surrounding an active and long-lasting leak of CO2 from CCS reservoirs, organic matter cycling would be significantly impacted in the surface sediment layers. The evidence of negligible impacts on the deeper sediments should be considered with caution and further investigated simulating the intrusion of CO2 from a subsurface source, as occurring during real CO2 leakages from CCS sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Rastelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Sciences and Engineering of Materials, Environment and Urbanistics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Antonio Dell'Anno
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Teresa Amaro
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, 80121, Italy; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Regional Office Bergen, Bergen, N-5006, Norway
| | - Silvestro Greco
- Istituto Superiore per la Ricerca Ambientale, ISPRA, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Lo Martire
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy; Ecoreach srl, Corso Stamira 61, 60122, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Carugati
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy; CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00197, Roma, Italy
| | - Ana M Queirós
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3 DH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Widdicombe
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3 DH, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Danovaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, 80121, Italy.
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13
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Hassenrück C, Fink A, Lichtschlag A, Tegetmeyer HE, de Beer D, Ramette A. Quantification of the effects of ocean acidification on sediment microbial communities in the environment: the importance of ecosystem approaches. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw027. [PMID: 26887661 PMCID: PMC4828923 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how ocean acidification (OA) influences sediment microbial communities, naturally CO2-rich sites are increasingly being used as OA analogues. However, the characterization of these naturally CO2-rich sites is often limited to OA-related variables, neglecting additional environmental variables that may confound OA effects. Here, we used an extensive array of sediment and bottom water parameters to evaluate pH effects on sediment microbial communities at hydrothermal CO2 seeps in Papua New Guinea. The geochemical composition of the sediment pore water showed variations in the hydrothermal signature at seep sites with comparable pH, allowing the identification of sites that may better represent future OA scenarios. At these sites, we detected a 60% shift in the microbial community composition compared with reference sites, mostly related to increases in Chloroflexi sequences. pH was among the factors significantly, yet not mainly, explaining changes in microbial community composition. pH variation may therefore often not be the primary cause of microbial changes when sampling is done along complex environmental gradients. Thus, we recommend an ecosystem approach when assessing OA effects on sediment microbial communities under natural conditions. This will enable a more reliable quantification of OA effects via a reduction of potential confounding effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Hassenrück
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Artur Fink
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Anna Lichtschlag
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Halina E Tegetmeyer
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dirk de Beer
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Alban Ramette
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Bern University, Finkenhubelweg 11, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Raulf FF, Fabricius K, Uthicke S, de Beer D, Abed RMM, Ramette A. Changes in microbial communities in coastal sediments along natural CO2gradients at a volcanic vent in Papua New Guinea. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:3678-91. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix F. Raulf
- HGF-MPG Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology; Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology; Bremen Germany
| | - Katharina Fabricius
- Water Quality and Ecosystem Health; Australian Institute of Marine Science; Townsville Australia
| | - Sven Uthicke
- Water Quality and Ecosystem Health; Australian Institute of Marine Science; Townsville Australia
| | - Dirk de Beer
- Microsensor Group; Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology; Bremen Germany
| | | | - Alban Ramette
- HGF-MPG Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology; Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology; Bremen Germany
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15
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Hioki N, Kuma K, Morita Y, Sasayama R, Ooki A, Kondo Y, Obata H, Nishioka J, Yamashita Y, Nishino S, Kikuchi T, Aoyama M. Laterally spreading iron, humic-like dissolved organic matter and nutrients in cold, dense subsurface water of the Arctic Ocean. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6775. [PMID: 25345398 PMCID: PMC5381382 DOI: 10.1038/srep06775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The location and magnitude of oceanic iron sources remain uncertain owing to a scarcity of data, particularly in the Arctic Ocean. The formation of cold, dense water in the subsurface layer of the western Arctic Ocean is a key process in the lateral transport of iron, macronutrients, and other chemical constituents. Here, we present iron, humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter, and nutrient concentration data in waters above the continental slope and shelf and along two transects across the shelf–basin interface in the western Arctic Ocean. We detected high concentrations in shelf bottom waters and in a plume that extended in the subsurface cold dense water of the halocline layer in slope and basin regions. At σθ = 26.5, dissolved Fe, humic-like fluorescence intensity, and nutrient maxima coincided with N* minima (large negative values of N* indicate significant denitrification within shelf sediments). These results suggest that these constituents are supplied from the shelf sediments and then transported laterally to basin regions. Humic dissolved organic matter probably plays the most important role in the subsurface maxima and lateral transport of dissolved Fe in the halocline layer as natural Fe-binding organic ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Hioki
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Kenshi Kuma
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Yuichirou Morita
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Ryouhei Sasayama
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ooki
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kondo
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa 190-8518, Japan
| | - Hajime Obata
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8564, Japan
| | - Jun Nishioka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0189, Japan
| | - Youhei Yamashita
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shigeto Nishino
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Michio Aoyama
- 1] Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan [2] Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
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16
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Braeckman U, Van Colen C, Guilini K, Van Gansbeke D, Soetaert K, Vincx M, Vanaverbeke J. Empirical evidence reveals seasonally dependent reduction in nitrification in coastal sediments subjected to near future ocean acidification. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108153. [PMID: 25329898 PMCID: PMC4199590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research so far has provided little evidence that benthic biogeochemical cycling is affected by ocean acidification under realistic climate change scenarios. We measured nutrient exchange and sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC) rates to estimate nitrification in natural coastal permeable and fine sandy sediments under pre-phytoplankton bloom and bloom conditions. Ocean acidification, as mimicked in the laboratory by a realistic pH decrease of 0.3, significantly reduced SCOC on average by 60% and benthic nitrification rates on average by 94% in both sediment types in February (pre-bloom period), but not in April (bloom period). No changes in macrofauna functional community (density, structural and functional diversity) were observed between ambient and acidified conditions, suggesting that changes in benthic biogeochemical cycling were predominantly mediated by changes in the activity of the microbial community during the short-term incubations (14 days), rather than by changes in engineering effects of bioturbating and bio-irrigating macrofauna. As benthic nitrification makes up the gross of ocean nitrification, a slowdown of this nitrogen cycling pathway in both permeable and fine sediments in winter, could therefore have global impacts on coupled nitrification-denitrification and hence eventually on pelagic nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Braeckman
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Carl Van Colen
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katja Guilini
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Van Gansbeke
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karline Soetaert
- Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Ecosystem Studies, Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Magda Vincx
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Vanaverbeke
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent, Belgium
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