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Talati M, Brittain E, Agrawal V, Fortune N, Simon K, Shay S, Zeng X, Freeman ML, West J, Hemnes A. A potential adverse role for leptin and cardiac leptin receptor in the right ventricle in pulmonary arterial hypertension: effect of metformin is BMPR2 mutation-specific. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1276422. [PMID: 37869164 PMCID: PMC10586504 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1276422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a fatal cardiopulmonary disease. Leptin, a neuroendocrine hormone released by adipose tissue, has a complex relationship with cardiovascular diseases, including PAH. Leptin is thought to be an important factor linking metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disorders. Given the published association between metabolic syndrome and RV dysfunction in PAH, we sought to determine the association between leptin and RV dysfunction. We hypothesized that in PAH-RV, leptin influences metabolic changes via leptin receptors, which can be manipulated by metformin. Methods Plasma leptin was measured in PAH patients and healthy controls from a published trial of metformin in PAH. Leptin receptor localization was detected in RV from PAH patients, healthy controls, animal models of PH with RV dysfunction before and after metformin treatment, and cultured cardiomyocytes with two different BMPR2 mutants by performing immunohistochemical and cell fractionation studies. Functional studies were conducted in cultured cardiomyocytes to examine the role of leptin and metformin in lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration. Results In human studies, we found that plasma leptin levels were higher in PAH patients and moderately correlated with higher BMI, but not in healthy controls. Circulating leptin levels were reduced by metformin treatment, and these findings were confirmed in an animal model of RV dysfunction. Leptin receptor expression was increased in PAH-RV cardiomyocytes. In animal models of RV dysfunction and cultured cardiomyocytes with BMPR2 mutation, we found increased expression and membrane localization of the leptin receptor. In cultured cardiomyocytes with BMPR2 mutation, leptin moderately influences palmitate uptake, possibly via CD36, in a mutation-specific manner. Furthermore, in cultured cardiomyocytes, the Seahorse XFe96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer and gene expression data indicate that leptin may not directly influence lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration in BMPR2 mutant cardiomyocytes. However, metformin alone or when supplemented with leptin can improve lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration in BMPR2 mutant cardiomyocytes. The effect of metformin on lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration in cardiomyocytes is BMPR2 mutation-specific. Conclusion In PAH, increased circulating leptin can influence metabolic signaling in RV cardiomyocytes via the leptin receptor; in particular, it may alter lipid-dependent RV metabolism in combination with metformin in a mutation-specific manner and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Talati
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Evan Brittain
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Vineet Agrawal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Niki Fortune
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Katie Simon
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sheila Shay
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - James West
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anna Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Pullamsetti SS, Sitapara R, Osterhout R, Weiss A, Carter LL, Zisman LS, Schermuly RT. Pharmacology and Rationale for Seralutinib in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12653. [PMID: 37628831 PMCID: PMC10454154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex disorder characterized by vascular remodeling and a consequent increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. The histologic hallmarks of PAH include plexiform and neointimal lesions of the pulmonary arterioles, which are composed of dysregulated, apoptosis-resistant endothelial cells and myofibroblasts. Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) α and β, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), and mast/stem cell growth factor receptor kit (c-KIT) are closely related kinases that have been implicated in PAH progression. In addition, emerging data indicate significant crosstalk between PDGF signaling and the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2)/transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor axis. This review will discuss the importance of the PDGFR-CSF1R-c-KIT signaling network in PAH pathogenesis, present evidence that the inhibition of all three nodes in this kinase network is a potential therapeutic approach for PAH, and highlight the therapeutic potential of seralutinib, currently in development for PAH, which targets these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Lung Vascular Epigenetics, Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Aulweg 132, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | | | | | - Astrid Weiss
- UGMLC Pulmonale Pharmakotherapie, Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum Seltersberg (BFS), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | | | | | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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3
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Galkin A, Sitapara R, Clemons B, Garcia E, Kennedy M, Guimond D, Carter LL, Douthitt A, Osterhout R, Gandjeva A, Slee D, Salter-Cid L, Tuder RM, Zisman LS. Inhaled seralutinib exhibits potent efficacy in models of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2102356. [PMID: 35680144 PMCID: PMC9724289 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02356-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signalling through platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) and mast/stem cell growth factor receptor kit (c-KIT) plays a critical role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We examined the preclinical efficacy of inhaled seralutinib, a unique small-molecule PDGFR/CSF1R/c-KIT kinase inhibitor in clinical development for PAH, in comparison to a proof-of-concept kinase inhibitor, imatinib. METHODS Seralutinib and imatinib potency and selectivity were compared. Inhaled seralutinib pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics were studied in healthy rats. Efficacy was evaluated in two rat models of PAH: SU5416/Hypoxia (SU5416/H) and monocrotaline pneumonectomy (MCTPN). Effects on inflammatory/cytokine signalling were examined. PDGFR, CSF1R and c-KIT immunohistochemistry in rat and human PAH lung samples and microRNA (miRNA) analysis in the SU5416/H model were performed. RESULTS Seralutinib potently inhibited PDGFRα/β, CSF1R and c-KIT. Inhaled seralutinib demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of lung PDGFR and c-KIT signalling and increased bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2). Seralutinib improved cardiopulmonary haemodynamic parameters and reduced small pulmonary artery muscularisation and right ventricle hypertrophy in both models. In the SU5416/H model, seralutinib improved cardiopulmonary haemodynamic parameters, restored lung BMPR2 protein levels and decreased N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), more than imatinib. Quantitative immunohistochemistry in human lung PAH samples demonstrated increased PDGFR, CSF1R and c-KIT. miRNA analysis revealed candidates that could mediate seralutinib effects on BMPR2. CONCLUSIONS Inhaled seralutinib was an effective treatment of severe PAH in two animal models, with improved cardiopulmonary haemodynamic parameters, a reduction in NT-proBNP, reverse remodelling of pulmonary vascular pathology and improvement in inflammatory biomarkers. Seralutinib showed greater efficacy compared to imatinib in a preclinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Galkin
- Gossamer Bio, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- A. Galkin and R. Sitapara contributed equally as first authors
| | - Ravikumar Sitapara
- Gossamer Bio, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- The Rensselaer Center for Translational Research Inc., Rensselaer, NY, USA
- A. Galkin and R. Sitapara contributed equally as first authors
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aneta Gandjeva
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Rubin M Tuder
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Kramer J, Neves J, Koniikusic M, Jasper H, Lamba DA. Dpp/TGFβ-superfamily play a dual conserved role in mediating the damage response in the retina. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258872. [PMID: 34699550 PMCID: PMC8547621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal homeostasis relies on intricate coordination of cell death and survival in response to stress and damage. Signaling mechanisms that coordinate this process in the adult retina remain poorly understood. Here we identify Decapentaplegic (Dpp) signaling in Drosophila and its mammalian homologue Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily, that includes TGFβ and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling arms, as central mediators of retinal neuronal death and tissue survival following acute damage. Using a Drosophila model for UV-induced retinal damage, we show that Dpp released from immune cells promotes tissue loss after UV-induced retinal damage. Interestingly, we find a dynamic response of retinal cells to this signal: in an early phase, Dpp-mediated stimulation of Saxophone/Smox signaling promotes apoptosis, while at a later stage, stimulation of the Thickveins/Mad axis promotes tissue repair and survival. This dual role is conserved in the mammalian retina through the TGFβ/BMP signaling, as supplementation of BMP4 or inhibition of TGFβ using small molecules promotes retinal cell survival, while inhibition of BMP negatively affects cell survival after light-induced photoreceptor damage and NMDA induced inner retinal neuronal damage. Our data identify key evolutionarily conserved mechanisms by which retinal homeostasis is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kramer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America
| | - Joana Neves
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular (iMM), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mia Koniikusic
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Deepak A. Lamba
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America
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Ibrahim A, Ciullo A, Li C, Akhmerov A, Peck K, Jones-Ungerleider KC, Morris A, Marchevsky A, Marbàn E, Ibrahim AG. Engineered Fibroblast Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis in Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:733158. [PMID: 34660588 PMCID: PMC8512699 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.733158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive disease for which no curative treatment exists. We have previously engineered dermal fibroblasts to produce extracellular vesicles with tissue reparative properties dubbed activated specialized tissue effector extracellular vesicles (ASTEX). Here, we investigate the therapeutic utility of ASTEX in vitro and in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced lung injury. RNA sequencing demonstrates that ASTEX are enriched in micro-RNAs (miRs) cargo compared with EVs from untransduced dermal fibroblast EVs (DF-EVs). Treating primary macrophages with ASTEX reduced interleukin (IL)6 expression and increased IL10 expression compared with DF-EV-exposed macrophages. Furthermore, exposure of human lung fibroblasts or vascular endothelial cells to ASTEX reduced expression of smooth muscle actin, a hallmark of myofibroblast differentiation (respectively). In vivo, intratracheal administration of ASTEX in naïve healthy mice demonstrated a favorable safety profile with no changes in body weight, lung weight to body weight, fibrotic burden, or histological score 3 weeks postexposure. In an acute phase (short-term) bleomycin model of lung injury, ASTEX reduced lung weight to body weight, IL6 expression, and circulating monocytes. In a long-term setting, ASTEX improved survival and reduced fibrotic content in lung tissue. These results suggest potential immunomodulatory and antifibrotic properties of ASTEX in lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Ibrahim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland/Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Alessandra Ciullo
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chang Li
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Akbarshakh Akhmerov
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kiel Peck
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Ashley Morris
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alberto Marchevsky
- Pulmonary Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eduardo Marbàn
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ahmed Gamal Ibrahim
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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6
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Lin W, Li Q, Zhang D, Zhang X, Qi X, Wang Q, Chen Y, Liu C, Li H, Zhang S, Wang Y, Shao B, Zhang L, Yuan Q. Mapping the immune microenvironment for mandibular alveolar bone homeostasis at single-cell resolution. Bone Res 2021; 9:17. [PMID: 33723232 PMCID: PMC7960742 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar bone is the thickened ridge of jaw bone that supports teeth. It is subject to constant occlusal force and pathogens invasion, and is therefore under active bone remodeling and immunomodulation. Alveolar bone holds a distinct niche from long bone considering their different developmental origin and postnatal remodeling pattern. However, a systematic explanation of alveolar bone at single-cell level is still lacking. Here, we construct a single-cell atlas of mouse mandibular alveolar bone through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). A more active immune microenvironment is identified in alveolar bone, with a higher proportion of mature immune cells than in long bone. Among all immune cell populations, the monocyte/macrophage subpopulation most actively interacts with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) subpopulation. Alveolar bone monocytes/macrophages express a higher level of Oncostatin M (Osm) compared to long bone, which promotes osteogenic differentiation and inhibits adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. In summary, our study reveals a unique immune microenvironment of alveolar bone, which may provide a more precise immune-modulatory target for therapeutic treatment of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingying Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Center of Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Assessment of plasma BMP-2, BMP-7, BMP-10, vitamin D, and TGF β1 in simple fractures among Sudanese patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247472. [PMID: 33606840 PMCID: PMC7895376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are multifunctional proteins. They work as cytokines regulating osteogenesis during fracture healing process. The objectives of this study were to assess changes in BMPs during fracture and their correlations to Fracture’s healing. Methods Case-Control hospital–based study conducted from January 2018 to January 2019. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and blood samples were collected from patients and controls (18–65 years old). Plasma concentrations of selected BMPs and vitamin D were measured using quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SPSS version 25 was used to calculate frequencies, Pearson correlation tests, chi-square and unpaired t-test. Results Sixty-five patients with fractures and Sixty-five controls were studied. Means of plasma concentrations were (TGFβ1 = 21.07 ng/ml ±8.49 and 19.8 ng/ml ±7.2) (BMP-2 = 76.3 pg/ml ± 156.6 and 55.5 ng/ml ± 127.9) (BMP-7 = 13.02 pg/ml ±43.5 and 64.6pg/ml ±250) (BMP-10 = 8.14 pg/ml ±12.7 and 5.48 pg/ml ±11.3) (Vitamin D mean was 24.94 ng/ml ±13.2 and 26.2 ng/ml ±11.6) in patients and controls, respectively. Forty-five subjects were enrolled into follow up study: 30 males, 15 females. Healing time mean was 4.13± 2.6 months. No significant correlation between BMP-2/BMP-7 with healing time. Conclusions BMP-7 was significantly lowers in the plasma of patients that controls (P = 0.042). Low Vitamin D was observed among Sudanese participants.
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Hemnes AR, Fessel JP, Chen X, Zhu S, Fortune NL, Jetter C, Freeman M, Newman JH, West JD, Talati MH. BMPR2 dysfunction impairs insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L429-L441. [PMID: 31850803 PMCID: PMC7052666 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00555.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction are associated with lipotoxicity in heritable forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), commonly due to mutations in bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2). How BMPR2 dysfunction in cardiomyocytes alters glucose metabolism and the response of these cells to insulin are unknown. We hypothesized that BMPR2 mutation in cardiomyocytes alters glucose-supported mitochondrial respiration and impairs cellular responses to insulin, including glucose and lipid uptake. We performed metabolic assays, immunofluorescence and Western analysis, RNA profiling, and radioactive isotope uptake studies in H9c2 cardiomyocyte cell lines with and without patient-derived BMPR2 mutations (mutant cells), with and without insulin. Unlike control cells, BMPR2 mutant cardiomyocytes have reduced metabolic plasticity as indicated by reduced mitochondrial respiration with increased mitochondrial superoxide production. These mutant cells show enhanced baseline phosphorylation of insulin-signaling protein as indicated by increased Akt, AMPK, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation that may negatively influence fatty acid oxidation and enhance lipid uptake, and are insulin insensitive. Furthermore, mutant cells demonstrate an increase in milk fat globule-EGF factor-8 protein (MFGE8), which influences the insulin-signaling pathway by phosphorylating AktSer473 via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin. In conclusion, BMPR2 mutant cardiomyocytes have reduced metabolic plasticity and fail to respond to glucose. These cells have enhanced baseline insulin-signaling pattern favoring insulin resistance with failure to augment this pattern in response to insulin. BMPR2 mutation possibly blunts glucose uptake and enhances lipid uptake in these cardiomyocytes. The MFGE8-driven signaling pathway may suggest a new mechanism underlying RV lipotoxicity in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joshua P Fessel
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xinping Chen
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shijun Zhu
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Niki L Fortune
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christopher Jetter
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John H Newman
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James D West
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Megha H Talati
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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Meyer JG, Garcia TY, Schilling B, Gibson BW, Lamba DA. Proteome and Secretome Dynamics of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Response to Reactive Oxygen Species. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15440. [PMID: 31659173 PMCID: PMC6817852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries, and is characterized by slow retinal degeneration linked to chronic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). The molecular mechanisms leading to RPE dysfunction in response to ROS are unclear. Here, human stem cell-derived RPE samples were stressed with ROS for 1 or 3 weeks, and both intracellular and secreted proteomes were quantified by mass spectrometry. ROS increased glycolytic proteins but decreased mitochondrial complex I subunits, as well as membrane proteins required for endocytosis. RPE secreted over 1,000 proteins, many of which changed significantly due to ROS. Notably, secreted APOE is decreased 4-fold, and urotensin-II, the strongest known vasoconstrictor, doubled. Furthermore, secreted TGF-beta is increased, and its cognate signaler BMP1 decreased in the secretome. Together, our results paint a detailed molecular picture of the retinal stress response in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse G Meyer
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Thelma Y Garcia
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | | | - Bradford W Gibson
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
- Discovery Attribute Sciences, Research, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Deepak A Lamba
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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10
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Effects of polarized macrophages on the in vitro gene expression after Co-Culture of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2019.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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West J, Chen X, Yan L, Gladson S, Loyd J, Rizwan H, Talati M. Adverse effects of BMPR2 suppression in macrophages in animal models of pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2019; 10:2045894019856483. [PMID: 31124398 PMCID: PMC7074495 DOI: 10.1177/2045894019856483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cells contribute to irreversible damage in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We hypothesized that in PAH, dysfunctional BMPR2 signaling in macrophages contributes to pulmonary vascular injury and phenotypic changes via proinflammatory cytokine production. Studies were conducted in: (1) Rosa26-rtTA2 3 X TetO7-Bmpr2delx4 FVB/N mice (mutant Bmpr2 is universally expressed, BMPR2delx4 mice) given a weekly intra-tracheal liposomal clodronate injections for four weeks; and (2) LysM-Cre X floxed BMPR2 X floxed eGFP monocyte lineage-specific BMPR2 knockout (KO) mouse model (Bmpr2 gene expression knockdown in monocytic lineage cells) (BMPR2KO) following three weeks of sugen/hypoxia treatment. In the BMPR2delx4 mice, increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP; P < 0.05) was normalized by clodronate, and in monocyte lineage-specific BMPR2KO mice sugen hypoxia treatment increased (P < 0.05) RVSP compared to control littermates, suggesting that suppressed BMPR2 in macrophages modulate RVSP in animal models of PH. In addition, in these mouse models, muscularized pulmonary vessels were increased (P < 0.05) and surrounded by an increased number of macrophages. Elimination of macrophages in BMPR2delx4 mice reduced the number of muscularized pulmonary vessels and macrophages surrounding these vessels. Further, in monocyte lineage-specific BMPR2KO mice, there was significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines, including C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCL12), complement component 5 a (C5a), Interleukin-16 (IL-16), and secretory ICAM. C5a positive inflammatory cells present in and around the pulmonary vessels in the PAH lung could potentially be involved in pulmonary vessel remodeling. In summary, our data indicate that, in BMPR2-related PAH, macrophages with dysfunctional BMPR2 influence pulmonary vascular remodeling and phenotypic outcomes via proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- James West
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xinping Chen
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ling Yan
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Santhi Gladson
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James Loyd
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hamid Rizwan
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Megha Talati
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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12
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Consequences of BMPR2 Deficiency in the Pulmonary Vasculature and Beyond: Contributions to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092499. [PMID: 30149506 PMCID: PMC6165502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its association with familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in 2000, Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor II (BMPR2) and its related signaling pathway have become recognized as a key regulator of pulmonary vascular homeostasis. Herein, we define BMPR2 deficiency as either an inactivation of the receptor, decreased receptor expression, or an impairment of the receptor’s downstream signaling pathway. Although traditionally the phenotypic consequences of BMPR2 deficiency in PAH have been thought to be limited to the pulmonary vasculature, there is evidence that abnormalities in BMPR2 signaling may have consequences in many other organ systems and cellular compartments. Revisiting how BMPR2 functions throughout health and disease in cells and organs beyond the lung vasculature may provide insight into the contribution of these organ systems to PAH pathogenesis as well as the potential systemic manifestation of PAH. Here we review our knowledge of the consequences of BMPR2 deficiency across multiple organ systems.
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13
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Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082277. [PMID: 30081463 PMCID: PMC6121540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid–derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) comprised a heterogeneous subset of bone marrow–derived myeloid cells, best studied in cancer research, that are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodeling and the development of pulmonary hypertension. Stem cell transplantation represents one extreme interventional strategy for ablating the myeloid compartment but poses a number of translational challenges. There remains an outstanding need for additional therapeutic targets to impact MDSC function, including the potential to alter interactions with innate and adaptive immune subsets, or alternatively, alter trafficking receptors, metabolic pathways, and transcription factor signaling with readily available and safe drugs. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the role of myeloid cells in the development of pulmonary hypertension, first in pulmonary circulation changes associated with myelodysplastic syndromes, and then by examining intrinsic myeloid cell changes that contribute to disease progression in pulmonary hypertension. We then outline several tractable targets and pathways relevant to pulmonary hypertension via MDSC regulation. Identifying these MDSC-regulated effectors is part of an ongoing effort to impact the field of pulmonary hypertension research through identification of myeloid compartment-specific therapeutic applications in the treatment of pulmonary vasculopathies.
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Bryant AJ, Shenoy V, Fu C, Marek G, Lorentsen KJ, Herzog EL, Brantly ML, Avram D, Scott EW. Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells Are Necessary for Development of Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:170-180. [PMID: 28862882 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0214oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) complicates the care of patients with chronic lung disease, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), resulting in a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. Disease pathogenesis is orchestrated by unidentified myeloid-derived cells. We used murine models of PH and pulmonary fibrosis to study the role of circulating myeloid cells in disease pathogenesis and prevention. We administered clodronate liposomes to bleomycin-treated wild-type mice to induce pulmonary fibrosis and PH with a resulting increase in circulating bone marrow-derived cells. We discovered that a population of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor (CXCR) 2+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), granulocytic subset (G-MDSC), is associated with severe PH in mice. Pulmonary pressures worsened despite improvement in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. PH was attenuated by CXCR2 inhibition, with antagonist SB 225002, through decreasing G-MDSC recruitment to the lung. Molecular and cellular analysis of clinical patient samples confirmed a role for elevated MDSCs in IPF and IPF with PH. These data show that MDSCs play a key role in PH pathogenesis and that G-MDSC trafficking to the lung, through chemokine receptor CXCR2, increases development of PH in multiple murine models. Furthermore, we demonstrate pathology similar to the preclinical models in IPF with lung and blood samples from patients with PH, suggesting a potential role for CXCR2 inhibitor use in this patient population. These findings are significant, as there are currently no approved disease-specific therapies for patients with PH complicating IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Bryant
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Vinayak Shenoy
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, California Health Sciences University, Clovis, California
| | - Chunhua Fu
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - George Marek
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kyle J Lorentsen
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Erica L Herzog
- 3 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Mark L Brantly
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Dorina Avram
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Edward W Scott
- 4 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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15
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Goumans MJ, Zwijsen A, Ten Dijke P, Bailly S. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Vascular Homeostasis and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a031989. [PMID: 28348038 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that control of vascular morphogenesis and homeostasis is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Delta-like 4 (Dll4), angiopoietin, and ephrin signaling. It has become clear that signaling by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which have a long history of studies in bone and early heart development, are also essential for regulating vascular function. Indeed, mutations that cause deregulated BMP signaling are linked to two human vascular diseases, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and pulmonary arterial hypertension. These observations are corroborated by data obtained with vascular cells in cell culture and in mouse models. BMPs are required for normal endothelial cell differentiation and for venous/arterial and lymphatic specification. In adult life, BMP signaling orchestrates neo-angiogenesis as well as vascular inflammation, remodeling, and calcification responses to shear and oxidative stress. This review emphasizes the pivotal role of BMPs in the vascular system, based on studies of mouse models and human vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - An Zwijsen
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Department of Human Genetics, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Bailly
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Mécale (INSERM), U1036, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
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16
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Martínez VG, Rubio C, Martínez-Fernández M, Segovia C, López-Calderón F, Garín MI, Teijeira A, Munera-Maravilla E, Varas A, Sacedón R, Guerrero F, Villacampa F, de la Rosa F, Castellano D, López-Collazo E, Paramio JM, Vicente Á, Dueñas M. BMP4 Induces M2 Macrophage Polarization and Favors Tumor Progression in Bladder Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:7388-7399. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Chen X, Orriols M, Walther FJ, Laghmani EH, Hoogeboom AM, Hogen-Esch ACB, Hiemstra PS, Folkerts G, Goumans MJTH, Ten Dijke P, Morrell NW, Wagenaar GTM. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 Protects against Neonatal Hyperoxia-Induced Impairment of Alveolarization and Pulmonary Inflammation. Front Physiol 2017; 8:486. [PMID: 28751863 PMCID: PMC5507999 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Effective treatment of premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is lacking. We hypothesize that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), a ligand of the TGF-β family that binds to the activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1)-BMP receptor type 2 (BMPR2) receptor complex, may be a novel therapeutic option for BPD. Therefore, we investigated the cardiopulmonary effects of BMP9 in neonatal Wistar rats with hyperoxia-induced BPD. Methods: Directly after birth Wistar rat pups were exposed to 100% oxygen for 10 days. From day 2 rat pups received BMP9 (2.5 μg/kg, twice a day) or 0.9% NaCl by subcutaneous injection. Beneficial effects of BMP9 on aberrant alveolar development, lung inflammation and fibrosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) were investigated by morphometric analysis and cytokine production. In addition, differential mRNA expression of BMP9 and its receptor complex: ALK1, BMPR2, and Endoglin, and of the ALK1 downstream target transmembrane protein 100 (TMEM100) were studied during the development of experimental BPD. Expression of the BMP9 receptor complex and TMEM100 was studied in human endothelial and epithelial cell cultures and the effect of BMP9 on inflammatory cytokine production and TMEM100 expression was studied in endothelial cell cultures. Results:ALK1, ALK2, BMPRII, TMEM100, and Endoglin were differentially expressed in experimental BPD, suggesting a role for BMP9-dependent signaling in the development of (experimental) BPD. TMEM100 was expressed in the wall of blood vessels, showing an elastin-like expression pattern in arterioles. Expression of TMEM100 mRNA and protein was decreased after exposure to hyperoxia. BMP9 treatment of rat pups with hyperoxia-induced experimental BPD reduced alveolar enlargement, lung septal thickness and fibrosis, and prevented inflammation, but did not attenuate vascular remodeling and RVH. The anti-inflammatory effect of BMP9 was confirmed in vitro. Highest expression of ALK1, BMPR2, and TMEM100 was observed in human endothelial cell cultures. Stimulation of human endothelial cell cultures with BMP9 reduced their pro-inflammatory cytokine response and induced TMEM100 expression in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Conclusion: BMP9 protects against neonatal hyperoxia-induced BPD by improving aberrant alveolar development, inflammation and fibrosis, demonstrating its therapeutic potential for premature infants with severe BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Chen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Mar Orriols
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Frans J Walther
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorrance, CA, United States
| | - El Houari Laghmani
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M Hoogeboom
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne C B Hogen-Esch
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marie-José T H Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's and Papworth HospitalsCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry T M Wagenaar
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
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18
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Talati MH, Brittain EL, Fessel JP, Penner N, Atkinson J, Funke M, Grueter C, Jerome WG, Freeman M, Newman JH, West J, Hemnes AR. Mechanisms of Lipid Accumulation in the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type 2 Mutant Right Ventricle. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 194:719-28. [PMID: 27077479 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201507-1444oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE In heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension with germline mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) gene, right ventricle (RV) dysfunction is associated with RV lipotoxicity; however, the underlying mechanism for lipid accumulation is not known. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes with BMPR2 mutation occurs owing to alterations in lipid transport and impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO), which is exacerbated by a high-lipid (Western) diet (WD). METHODS We used a transgenic mouse model of pulmonary arterial hypertension with mutant BMPR2 and generated a cardiomyocyte cell line with BMPR2 mutation. Electron microscopy and metabolomic analysis were performed on mouse RVs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS By metabolomics analysis, we found an increase in long-chain fatty acids in BMPR2 mutant mouse RVs compared with controls, which correlated with cardiac index. BMPR2-mutant cardiomyocytes had increased lipid compared with controls. Direct measurement of FAO in the WD-fed BMPR2-mutant RV showed impaired palmitate-linked oxygen consumption, and metabolomics analysis showed reduced indices of FAO. Using both mutant BMPR2 mouse RVs and cardiomyocytes, we found an increase in the uptake of (14)C-palmitate and fatty acid transporter CD36 that was further exacerbated by WD. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data suggest that impaired FAO and increased expression of the lipid transporter CD36 are key mechanisms underlying lipid deposition in the BMPR2-mutant RV, which are exacerbated in the presence of dietary lipids. These findings suggest important features leading to RV lipotoxicity in pulmonary arterial hypertension and may point to novel areas of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha H Talati
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Joshua P Fessel
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.,3 Department of Pharmacology
| | - Niki Penner
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Mitch Funke
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - W Gray Jerome
- 4 Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology.,6 Department of Cancer Biology, and
| | - Michael Freeman
- 7 Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John H Newman
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James West
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anna R Hemnes
- 1 Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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TSG-6 secreted by mesenchymal stem cells suppresses immune reactions influenced by BMP-2 through p38 and MEK mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:551-561. [PMID: 28247086 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) has a critical function in bone and cartilage development and in repairing damaged organs and tissue. However, clinical use of BMP-2 at doses of 0.5-1 mg/ml for orthopedics has been associated with severe postoperative swelling requiring emergency surgical intervention. We determined whether a high concentration of BMP-2 induces inflammatory responses in macrophages and the suppression of osteogenesis in hMSCs. We obtained human periodontal ligament stem cells and bone marrow stem cells from the maxilla, i.e., human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), from the periodontal ligament of extracted third molar teeth and from the bone marrow of the maxilla, respectively. Osteogenic differentiation was measured by alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red S staining. Proteins were assessed by flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Changes of gene expression were measured by reverse transcription plus the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. A high BMP-2 concentration inhibited the early stages of osteogenesis in hMSCs. Co-culturing THP-1 cells (human monocytic cells) with hMSCs reduced the late stages of osteogenesis compared with those seen in hMSCs alone. In addition, high-dose BMP-2 induced the expression of inflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells and the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine tumor-necrosis-factor-α-inducible gene 6 protein (TSG-6) in hMSCs. Consistent with the anti-inflammatory effects of hMSCs when co-cultured with THP-1 cells, interleukin-1β expression was downregulated by TSG-6 treatment of THP-1 cells. Our findings suggest that a high BMP-2 concentration triggers inflammation that causes inflammatory cytokine release from THP-1 cells, leading to the suppression of osteogenesis, whereas TSG-6 secreted by hMSCs suppresses inflammatory reactions through p38 and ERK in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
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20
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Yan L, Chen X, Talati M, Nunley BW, Gladson S, Blackwell T, Cogan J, Austin E, Wheeler F, Loyd J, West J, Hamid R. Bone Marrow-derived Cells Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:898-909. [PMID: 26651104 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201502-0407oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive lung disease of the pulmonary microvasculature. Studies suggest that bone marrow (BM)-derived circulating cells may play an important role in its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES We used a genetic model of PAH, the Bmpr2 mutant mouse, to study the role of BM-derived circulating cells in its pathogenesis. METHODS Recipient mice, either Bmpr2(R899X) mutant or controls, were lethally irradiated and transplanted with either control or Bmpr2(R899X) BM cells. Donor cells were traced in female recipient mice by Y chromosome painting. Molecular and function insights were provided by expression and cytokine arrays combined with flow cytometry, colony-forming assays, and competitive transplant assays. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We found that mutant BM cells caused PAH with remodeling and inflammation when transplanted into control mice, whereas control BM cells had a protective effect against the development of disease, when transplanted into mutant mice. Donor BM-derived cells were present in the lungs of recipient mice. Functional and molecular analysis identified mutant BM cell dysfunction suggestive of a PAH phenotype soon after activation of the transgene and long before the development of lung pathology. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that BM cells played a key role in PAH pathogenesis and that the transplanted BM cells were able to drive the lung phenotype in a myeloablative transplant model. Furthermore, the specific cell types involved were derived from hematopoietic stem cells and exhibit dysfunction long before the development of lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- 1 Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Xinping Chen
- 2 Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Megha Talati
- 2 Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Santhi Gladson
- 2 Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Tom Blackwell
- 2 Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Joy Cogan
- 1 Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Eric Austin
- 3 Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Ferrin Wheeler
- 4 Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James Loyd
- 2 Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - James West
- 2 Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Rizwan Hamid
- 1 Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
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21
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Nikolic I, Yu PB. The Role of Bone Marrow-derived Cells in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. What Lies Beneath? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:822-4. [PMID: 27082534 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201511-2293ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Nikolic
- 1 Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul B Yu
- 1 Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
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22
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Cinetto F, Agostini C. Advances in understanding the immunopathology of sarcoidosis and implications on therapy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:973-88. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2016.1181541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Bryant AJ, Robinson LJ, Moore CS, Blackwell TR, Gladson S, Penner NL, Burman A, McClellan LJ, Polosukhin VV, Tanjore H, McConaha ME, Gleaves LA, Talati MA, Hemnes AR, Fessel JP, Lawson WE, Blackwell TS, West JD. Expression of mutant bone morphogenetic protein receptor II worsens pulmonary hypertension secondary to pulmonary fibrosis. Pulm Circ 2015; 5:681-90. [PMID: 26697175 DOI: 10.1086/683811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is often complicated by pulmonary hypertension (PH), and previous studies have shown a potential link between bone morphogenetic protein receptor II (BMPR2) and PH secondary to pulmonary fibrosis. We exposed transgenic mice expressing mutant BMPR2 and control mice to repetitive intraperitoneal injections of bleomycin for 4 weeks. The duration of transgene activation was too short for mutant BMPR2 mice to develop spontaneous PH. Mutant BMPR2 mice had increased right ventricular systolic pressure compared to control mice, without differences in pulmonary fibrosis. We found increased hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1-α stabilization in lungs of mutant-BMPR2-expressing mice compared to controls following bleomycin treatment. In addition, expression of the hypoxia response element protein connective tissue growth factor was increased in transgenic mice as well as in a human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell line expressing mutant BMPR2. In mouse pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, mutant BMPR2 expression resulted in increased HIF1-α and reactive oxygen species production following exposure to hypoxia, both of which were attenuated with the antioxidant TEMPOL. These data suggest that expression of mutant BMPR2 worsens secondary PH through increased HIF activity in vascular endothelium. This pathway could be therapeutically targeted in patients with PH secondary to pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Bryant
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA ; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Linda J Robinson
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christy S Moore
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas R Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Santhi Gladson
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Niki L Penner
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ankita Burman
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lucas J McClellan
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Vasiliy V Polosukhin
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Harikrishna Tanjore
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melinda E McConaha
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Linda A Gleaves
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Megha A Talati
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna R Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joshua P Fessel
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William E Lawson
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA ; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA ; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James D West
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Fischer A, Ellinghaus D, Nutsua M, Hofmann S, Montgomery CG, Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA, Petrek M, Mrazek F, Pabst S, Grohé C, Grunewald J, Ronninger M, Eklund A, Padyukov L, Mihailovic-Vucinic V, Jovanovic D, Sterclova M, Homolka J, Nöthen MM, Herms S, Gieger C, Strauch K, Winkelmann J, Boehm BO, Brand S, Büning C, Schürmann M, Ellinghaus E, Baurecht H, Lieb W, Nebel A, Müller-Quernheim J, Franke A, Schreiber S. Identification of Immune-Relevant Factors Conferring Sarcoidosis Genetic Risk. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:727-36. [PMID: 26051272 PMCID: PMC4595678 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201503-0418oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Genetic variation plays a significant role in the etiology of sarcoidosis. However, only a small fraction of its heritability has been explained so far. OBJECTIVES To define further genetic risk loci for sarcoidosis, we used the Immunochip for a candidate gene association study of immune-associated loci. METHODS Altogether the study population comprised over 19,000 individuals. In a two-stage design, 1,726 German sarcoidosis cases and 5,482 control subjects were genotyped for 128,705 single-nucleotide polymorphisms using the Illumina Immunochip for the screening step. The remaining 3,955 cases, 7,514 control subjects, and 684 parents of affected offspring were used for validation and replication of 44 candidate and two established risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Four novel susceptibility loci were identified with genome-wide significance in the European case-control populations, located on chromosomes 12q24.12 (rs653178; ATXN2/SH2B3), 5q33.3 (rs4921492; IL12B), 4q24 (rs223498; MANBA/NFKB1), and 2q33.2 (rs6748088; FAM117B). We further defined three independent association signals in the HLA region with genome-wide significance, peaking in the BTNL2 promoter region (rs5007259), at HLA-B (rs4143332/HLA-B*0801) and at HLA-DPB1 (rs9277542), and found another novel independent signal near IL23R (rs12069782) on chromosome 1p31.3. CONCLUSIONS Functional predictions and protein network analyses suggest a prominent role of the drug-targetable IL23/Th17 signaling pathway in the genetic etiology of sarcoidosis. Our findings reveal a substantial genetic overlap of sarcoidosis with diverse immune-mediated inflammatory disorders, which could be of relevance for the clinical application of modern therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Fischer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcel Nutsua
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sylvia Hofmann
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Courtney G. Montgomery
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Martin Petrek
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Mrazek
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Christian Grohé
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Evangelische Lungenklinik Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and CMM, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ronninger
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and CMM, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and CMM, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Dragana Jovanovic
- Thoracic Oncology and ILD Department, University Hospital of Pulmonology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martina Sterclova
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thomayer Hospital and 1 Medical Faculty and
| | - Jiri Homolka
- 1st Lung Department, Prague General Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics and
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics and
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Genomics Group, Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology II and
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology and
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology and
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, MRI
- Department of Neurology, MRI, and
| | - Bernhard O. Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
- LKCMedicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Medicine II–Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Büning
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Charité, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Baurecht
- Graduate School of Information Science in Health, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venerology, and
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; and
| | - Almut Nebel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Pickup MW, Hover LD, Polikowsky ER, Chytil A, Gorska AE, Novitskiy SV, Moses HL, Owens P. BMPR2 loss in fibroblasts promotes mammary carcinoma metastasis via increased inflammation. Mol Oncol 2014; 9:179-91. [PMID: 25205038 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) receptors mediate a diverse range of signals to regulate both development and disease. BMP activity has been linked to both tumor promoting and suppressive functions in both tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment. We sought to investigate the requirement for BMPR2 in stromal fibroblasts during mammary tumor formation and metastasis. We utilized FSP1 (Fibroblast Specific Protein-1) promoter driven Cre to genetically delete BMPR2 in mice expressing the MMTV.PyVmT mammary carcinoma oncogene. We found that abrogation of stromal BMPR2 expression via FSP1 driven Cre resulted in increased tumor metastasis. Additionally, similar to epithelial BMPR2 abrogation, stromal loss of BMPR2 results in increased inflammatory cell infiltration. We proceeded to isolate and establish fibroblast cell lines without BMPR2 and found a cell autonomous increase in inflammatory cytokine secretion. Fibroblasts were co-implanted with syngeneic tumor cells and resulted in accelerated tumor growth and increased metastasis when fibroblasts lacked BMPR2. We observed that the loss of BMPR2 results in increased chemokine expression, which facilitates inflammation by a sustained increase in myeloid cells. The chemokines increased in BMPR2 deleted cells correlated with poor outcome in human breast cancer patients. We conclude that BMPR2 has tumor suppressive functions in the stroma by regulating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura D Hover
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, USA
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26
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NF-κB Activation Exacerbates, but Is not Required for Murine Bmpr2-Related Pulmonary Hypertension. Diseases 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/diseases2020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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