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Zhang L, Zhou Y, Yang L, Wang Y, Xiao Z. PACAP6-38 improves nitroglycerin-induced central sensitization by modulating synaptic plasticity at the trigeminal nucleus caudalis in a male rat model of chronic migraine. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:66. [PMID: 37271806 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic migraine (CM) is a common neurological disorder with complex pathogenesis. Evidence suggests that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) induces migraine-like attacks and may be potential a new target for migraine treatment, but the therapeutic results of targeting PACAP and its receptors are not uniform. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effect of PACAP type I receptor (PAC1R) antagonist, PACAP6-38, on nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced central sensitization in a CM model. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received repeated injections of NTG to construct a CM model. Mechanical and thermal thresholds were measured using Von Frey filaments and hot plate tests. C-Fos expression was measured by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining to assess the central sensitization. PACAP6-38 was intracerebrally injected into the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC), and then the changes in c-Fos, the synaptic-associated proteins, phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (p-CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were detected. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Golgi-Cox staining were used to observe the ultrastructure of synapses and dendritic structures of TNC neurons. RESULTS The results showed that PACAP and PAC1R expression were significantly raised in the TNC after repeated NTG injections. Additionally, PACAP6-38 treatment alleviated nociceptive sensitization, inhibited NTG-induced overexpression of c-Fos and synaptic-associated proteins in the TNC of CM rat, restored aberrant synaptic structures. Furthermore, the expression of ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway was depressed by PACAP6-38. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that abnormal synaptic structure in the TNC of CM, which could be reversed by inhibition of PAC1R via down-regulating the ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway. PACAP6-38 improves NTG-induced central sensitization by regulating synaptic plasticity in the TNC of CM rat, which may provide new insights into the treatments targeting PACAP/PAC1R in migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanjie Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zheman Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 9 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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Kisielinski K, Hirsch O, Wagner S, Wojtasik B, Funken S, Klosterhalfen B, Kanti Manna S, Prescher A, Sukul P, Sönnichsen A. Physio-metabolic and clinical consequences of wearing face masks—Systematic review with meta-analysis and comprehensive evaluation. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1125150. [PMID: 37089476 PMCID: PMC10116418 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1125150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAs face masks became mandatory in most countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, adverse effects require substantiated investigation.MethodsA systematic review of 2,168 studies on adverse medical mask effects yielded 54 publications for synthesis and 37 studies for meta-analysis (on n = 8,641, m = 2,482, f = 6,159, age = 34.8 ± 12.5). The median trial duration was only 18 min (IQR = 50) for our comprehensive evaluation of mask induced physio-metabolic and clinical outcomes.ResultsWe found significant effects in both medical surgical and N95 masks, with a greater impact of the second. These effects included decreased SpO2 (overall Standard Mean Difference, SMD = −0.24, 95% CI = −0.38 to −0.11, p < 0.001) and minute ventilation (SMD = −0.72, 95% CI = −0.99 to −0.46, p < 0.001), simultaneous increased in blood-CO2 (SMD = +0.64, 95% CI = 0.31–0.96, p < 0.001), heart rate (N95: SMD = +0.22, 95% CI = 0.03–0.41, p = 0.02), systolic blood pressure (surgical: SMD = +0.21, 95% CI = 0.03–0.39, p = 0.02), skin temperature (overall SMD = +0.80 95% CI = 0.23–1.38, p = 0.006) and humidity (SMD +2.24, 95% CI = 1.32–3.17, p < 0.001). Effects on exertion (overall SMD = +0.9, surgical = +0.63, N95 = +1.19), discomfort (SMD = +1.16), dyspnoea (SMD = +1.46), heat (SMD = +0.70), and humidity (SMD = +0.9) were significant in n = 373 with a robust relationship to mask wearing (p < 0.006 to p < 0.001). Pooled symptom prevalence (n = 8,128) was significant for: headache (62%, p < 0.001), acne (38%, p < 0.001), skin irritation (36%, p < 0.001), dyspnoea (33%, p < 0.001), heat (26%, p < 0.001), itching (26%, p < 0.001), voice disorder (23%, p < 0.03), and dizziness (5%, p = 0.01).DiscussionMasks interfered with O2-uptake and CO2-release and compromised respiratory compensation. Though evaluated wearing durations are shorter than daily/prolonged use, outcomes independently validate mask-induced exhaustion-syndrome (MIES) and down-stream physio-metabolic disfunctions. MIES can have long-term clinical consequences, especially for vulnerable groups. So far, several mask related symptoms may have been misinterpreted as long COVID-19 symptoms. In any case, the possible MIES contrasts with the WHO definition of health.ConclusionFace mask side-effects must be assessed (risk-benefit) against the available evidence of their effectiveness against viral transmissions. In the absence of strong empirical evidence of effectiveness, mask wearing should not be mandated let alone enforced by law.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021256694, identifier: PROSPERO 2021 CRD42021256694.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kisielinski
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Clinical Medicine, Private Practice, Düsseldorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kai Kisielinski
| | - Oliver Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, Fachhochschule für Oekonomie und Management (FOM) University of Applied Sciences, Siegen, Germany
| | - Susanne Wagner
- Veterinary Medicine, Wagner Medical Science Liason (MSL) Management, Blankenfelde-Mahlow, Germany
| | - Barbara Wojtasik
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Stefan Funken
- Internal Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Private Practice, Moers, Germany
| | | | - Soumen Kanti Manna
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Andreas Prescher
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy (MOCA), Rhine-Westphalia Technical University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pritam Sukul
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Pritam Sukul
| | - Andreas Sönnichsen
- Internal Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Private Practice, Gesundheit für Österreich e.V. (Health for Austria), Vienna, Austria
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3
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Kisielinski K, Wagner S, Hirsch O, Klosterhalfen B, Prescher A. Possible toxicity of chronic carbon dioxide exposure associated with face mask use, particularly in pregnant women, children and adolescents - A scoping review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14117. [PMID: 37057051 PMCID: PMC9981272 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic, face masks have become one of the most important ubiquitous factors affecting human breathing. It increases the resistance and dead space volume leading to a re-breathing of CO2. So far, this phenomenon and possible implications on early life has not been evaluated in depth. Method As part of a scoping review, literature was systematically reviewed regarding CO2 exposure and facemask use. Results Fresh air has around 0.04% CO2, while wearing masks more than 5 min bears a possible chronic exposure to carbon dioxide of 1.41% to 3.2% of the inhaled air. Although the buildup is usually within the short-term exposure limits, long-term exceedances and consequences must be considered due to experimental data. US Navy toxicity experts set the exposure limits for submarines carrying a female crew to 0.8% CO2 based on animal studies which indicated an increased risk for stillbirths. Additionally, mammals who were chronically exposed to 0.3% CO2 the experimental data demonstrate a teratogenicity with irreversible neuron damage in the offspring, reduced spatial learning caused by brainstem neuron apoptosis and reduced circulating levels of the insulin-like growth factor-1. With significant impact on three readout parameters (morphological, functional, marker) this chronic 0.3% CO2 exposure has to be defined as being toxic. Additional data exists on the exposure of chronic 0.3% CO2 in adolescent mammals causing neuron destruction, which includes less activity, increased anxiety and impaired learning and memory. There is also data indicating testicular toxicity in adolescents at CO2 inhalation concentrations above 0.5%. Discussion There is a possible negative impact risk by imposing extended mask mandates especially for vulnerable subgroups. Circumstantial evidence exists that extended mask use may be related to current observations of stillbirths and to reduced verbal motor and overall cognitive performance in children born during the pandemic. A need exists to reconsider mask mandates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kisielinski
- Independent Researcher, Surgeon, Private Practice, 40212 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Wagner
- Non Clinical Expert, Veterinarian, Wagner MSL Management, 15831 Mahlow, Germany
| | - Oliver Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, FOM University of Applied Sciences, 57078 Siegen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Prescher
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy (MOCA), 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Insight into the Effects of High-Altitude Hypoxic Exposure on Learning and Memory. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4163188. [PMID: 36160703 PMCID: PMC9492407 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4163188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The earth land area is heterogeneous in terms of elevation; about 45% of its land area belongs to higher elevation with altitude above 500 meters compared to sea level. In most cases, oxygen concentration decreases as altitude increases. Thus, high-altitude hypoxic stress is commonly faced by residents in areas with an average elevation exceeding 2500 meters and those who have just entered the plateau. High-altitude hypoxia significantly affects advanced neurobehaviors including learning and memory (L&M). Hippocampus, the integration center of L&M, could be the most crucial target affected by high-altitude hypoxia exposure. Based on these points, this review thoroughly discussed the relationship between high-altitude hypoxia and L&M impairment, in terms of hippocampal neuron apoptosis and dysfunction, neuronal oxidative stress disorder, neurotransmitters and related receptors, and nerve cell energy metabolism disorder, which is of great significance to find potential targets for medical intervention. Studies illustrate that the mechanism of L&M damaged by high-altitude hypoxia should be further investigated based on the entire review of issues related to this topic.
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Filchenko I, Korostovtseva L, Bochkarev M, Sviryaev Y. Brain damage in sleep-disordered breathing: the role of glia (clinical aspects). Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:32-37. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212203132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Xu Y, Dong Y, Wang C, Jiang Q, Chu H, Tian Y. Lovastatin attenuates sevoflurane-induced cognitive disorder in aged rats via reducing Aβ accumulation. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105078. [PMID: 34048842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As a general anesthetic widely used in surgical, sevoflurane has been shown to cause cognitive and memory deficits in the elderly. It's important to find out agents that can counteract sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction. This study is aimed to investigate the effect of lovastatin on sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats and reveal the potential mechanisms. BV-2 cells, rat hippocampal neurons or male aged rats were exposed to 2% sevoflurane for 5 h. The cells were pretreated with 10 μM lovastatin. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg/kg/day lovastatin for three days. The results showed that lovastatin enhanced exosomal IDE secretion from sevoflurane-exposed BV-2 cells and promoted Aβ degradation. Lovastatin treatment also inhibited the increased expressions of β-secretase 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase in hippocampal neurons under sevoflurane exposure in vitro. In animal experiments, the discrimination index in novel object recognition test and percentage of spontaneous alternation in Y-maze test were significantly elevated after lovastatin administration. In addition, Aβ plaque area and contents of soluble Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in the hippocampal tissues were decreased upon lovastatin treatment. Furthermore, lovastatin reversed sevoflurane-induced Aβ accumulation via up-regulating IDE expression, and down-regulating amyloid precursor protein (APP)-related protein expression (β-C-terminal fragment (CTF), BACE1 and γ-secretase). In conclusion, lovastatin alleviates sevoflurane-induced cognitive deficient in aged rats via promoting Aβ degradation and reducing Aβ production. Lovastatin may be beneficial in preventing anesthetic-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichao Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Zhao Y, Yang S, Guo Q, Guo Y, Zheng Y, Ji E. Shashen-Maidong Decoction improved chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment through regulating glutamatergic signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:114040. [PMID: 33794336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), which is associated with cognitive impairment. Previous study suggested CIH exposure could induce similar symptoms and signs to the clinical features of Deficiency of both Qi and Yin Syndrome (DQYS) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Shashen-Maidong Decoction (SMD) has been applied clinically for DQYS for hundred years. However, SMD treatment could be beneficial to CIH induced cognitive impairment is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SMD treatment on CIH induced cognitive impairment, and to explore the related neuroprotective mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were exposed to CIH for 5 weeks (8 h/day) and were orally treated with either vehicle or SMD (5.265 g/kg/day) 30 min before CIH exposure. Spatial memory was evaluated by Morris Water Maze and Y-Maze test. Synaptic morphology in hippocampus was observed by Golgi-Cox staining and Electron microscope, and NR2B-ERK signaling pathway were detected by western blotting. RESULTS Our results showed that SMD treatment improved performance in either Morris Water Maze or Y-Maze test in mice exposed to CIH, increased spine density and postsynaptic density (PSD) thickness in hippocampus. SMD treatment suppressed the over-activation of NR2B/CaMKII/SynGAP induced by CIH exposure, enhanced ERK/CREB phosphorylation and increased PSD-95 and BDNF expression. CONCLUSION SMD attenuates the CIH-induced cognitive impairment through regulating NR2B-ERK signaling pathway. Additionally, our findings provided that DQYS may be the potential therapeutic target for neurocognitive diseases in patients with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengchang Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Formula Preparations, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhong Guo
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Formula Preparations, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Guo
- Scientific Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ensheng Ji
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Formula Preparations, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Ji W, Zhang Y, Ge RL, Wan Y, Liu J. NMDA Receptor-Mediated Excitotoxicity Is Involved in Neuronal Apoptosis and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure at High Altitude. High Alt Med Biol 2021; 22:45-57. [PMID: 33252277 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2020.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhong Ji
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Loint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Ri-li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Loint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, China
| | - Yaqi Wan
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Loint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
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Kim B, Jha S, Seo JH, Jeong CH, Lee S, Lee S, Seo YH, Park B. MeBib Suppressed Methamphetamine Self-Administration Response via Inhibition of BDNF/ERK/CREB Signal Pathway in the Hippocampus. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2020; 28:519-526. [PMID: 32466633 PMCID: PMC7585641 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is one of the most commonly abused drugs in the world by illegal drug users. Addiction to MA is a serious public health problem and effective therapies do not exist to date. It has also been reported that behavior induced by psychostimulants such as MA is related to histone deacetylase (HDAC). MeBib is an HDAC6 inhibitor derived from a benzimidazole scaffold. Many benzimidazole-containing compounds exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activity. In this study, we investigated whether HDAC6 inhibitor MeBib modulates the behavioral response in MA self-administered rats. Our results demonstrated that the number of active lever presses in MA self-administered rats was reduced by pretreatment with MeBib. In the hippocampus of rats, we also found MA administration promotes GluN2B, an NMDA receptor subunit, expression, which results in sequential activation of ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway, however, MeBib abrogated it. Collectively, we suggest that MeBib prevents the MA seeking response induced by MA administration and therefore, represents a potent candidate as an MA addiction inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sonam Jha
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungduck Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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A Differential Effect of Lovastatin versus Simvastatin in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0162-20.2020. [PMID: 32651266 PMCID: PMC7433894 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0162-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Ryu HH, Kim T, Kim JW, Kang M, Park P, Kim YG, Kim H, Ha J, Choi JE, Lee J, Lim CS, Kim CH, Kim SJ, Silva AJ, Kaang BK, Lee YS. Excitatory neuron-specific SHP2-ERK signaling network regulates synaptic plasticity and memory. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/571/eaau5755. [PMID: 30837304 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau5755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in RAS signaling pathway components cause diverse neurodevelopmental disorders, collectively called RASopathies. Previous studies have suggested that dysregulation in RAS-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation is restricted to distinct cell types in different RASopathies. Some cases of Noonan syndrome (NS) are associated with gain-of-function mutations in the phosphatase SHP2 (encoded by PTPN11); however, SHP2 is abundant in multiple cell types, so it is unclear which cell type(s) contribute to NS phenotypes. Here, we found that expressing the NS-associated mutant SHP2D61G in excitatory, but not inhibitory, hippocampal neurons increased ERK signaling and impaired both long-term potentiation (LTP) and spatial memory in mice, although endogenous SHP2 was expressed in both neuronal types. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the genes encoding SHP2-interacting proteins that are critical for ERK activation, such as GAB1 and GRB2, were enriched in excitatory neurons. Accordingly, expressing a dominant-negative mutant of GAB1, which reduced its interaction with SHP2D61G, selectively in excitatory neurons, reversed SHP2D61G-mediated deficits. Moreover, ectopic expression of GAB1 and GRB2 together with SHP2D61G in inhibitory neurons resulted in ERK activation. These results demonstrate that RAS-ERK signaling networks are notably different between excitatory and inhibitory neurons, accounting for the cell type-specific pathophysiology of NS and perhaps other RASopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Hee Ryu
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - TaeHyun Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jung-Woong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Minkyung Kang
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Pojeong Park
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong Gyu Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyopil Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ha
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ja Eun Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jisu Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chae-Seok Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Chul-Hong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Alcino J Silva
- Department of Neurobiology, Integrative Center for Learning and Memory, Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, California, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves muscle atrophy induced by chronic hypoxia-hypercapnia through the MicroRNA-486/PTEN/FoxO1 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:1021-1027. [PMID: 30654931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has confirmed that the chronic hypoxia-hypercapnia (CHH) associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease contributes to the development of skeletal muscle atrophy. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) has shown some efficacy when used as a treatment to reduce skeletal muscle atrophy. The present study focuses on the MicroRNA-486/PTEN/FoxO1 pathway with the goal of identifying its physiological role in skeletal muscle atrophy induced by CHH as well as its role during NMES treatment. To test this, 32 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. After completion of the disease modeling, gastrocnemius muscles were collected from all animals and cross-sectional areas of muscular fiber were observed and analyzed via H&E staining. MiR-486 expression was further assessed by qRT-PCR, and protein levels of TNF-α, PTEN, p-Akt, Akt, FoxO1, atrogin-1 and MuRF1 were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. CSA, miR-486, and the ratio p-Akt/Akt were significantly reduced in the CHH group, while the levels of TNF-α, PTEN, FoxO1, atrogin-1, and MuRF1 were markedly increased. Importantly, these findings were reversed as a result of NMES. Thus, the MicroRNA-486/PTEN/FoxO1 pathway functions in muscle protein synthesis and degradation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: Our research provides a theoretical basis for the application of NMES as a means of improving muscle atrophy. Moreover, these therapeutic targets provide possible clues relevant to the treatment of amyotrophic diseases.
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Pelgrim CE, Peterson JD, Gosker HR, Schols AMWJ, van Helvoort A, Garssen J, Folkerts G, Kraneveld AD. Psychological co-morbidities in COPD: Targeting systemic inflammation, a benefit for both? Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 842:99-110. [PMID: 30336140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COPD is a chronic lung disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities. Furthermore, COPD is often characterized by extrapulmonary manifestations and comorbidities worsening COPD progression and quality of life. A neglected comorbidity in COPD management is mental health impairment defined by anxiety, depression and cognitive problems. This paper summarizes the evidence for impaired mental health in COPD and focuses on current pharmacological intervention strategies. In addition, possible mechanisms in impaired mental health in COPD are discussed with a central role for inflammation. Many comorbidities are associated with multi-organ-associated systemic inflammation in COPD. Considering the accumulative evidence for a major role of systemic inflammation in the development of neurological disorders, it can be hypothesized that COPD-associated systemic inflammation also affects the function of the brain and is an interesting therapeutic target for nutra- and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Pelgrim
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Julia D Peterson
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harry R Gosker
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemie M W J Schols
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ardy van Helvoort
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Nutrition, Metabolism and Muscle Sciences, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Platform Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Veterinary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Yang JJ, Wang SJ, Gao X, Wang B, Dong YT, Bai Y, Chen Y, Gong JN, Huang YQ, An DD. Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR-4) Pathway Promotes Pulmonary Inflammation in Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:7152-7161. [PMID: 30293084 PMCID: PMC6190728 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that intermittent hypoxia mimics obstructive sleep apnea in causing pulmonary inflammation, but the mechanism is not yet clear.TLR-4 is a recognized proinflammatory factor, so the purpose of this study was to assess the function of TLR-4 in pulmonary inflammation induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia simulating obstructive sleep apnea. Material/Methods Healthy male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (8 in each group): the normoxia control group (CG), the intermittent hypoxia group (IH), and the TLR4 antagonist TAK242 treatment group (3 mg/kg, daily), with exposure durations of 12 weeks and 16 weeks (HI). The morphological changes of lung tissue were determined with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expressions of the TLR-4 pathway in lung tissue were tested by Western blotting and RT-PCR. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum and lung tissue were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of SOD and MDA in lung tissue were detected by use of SOD and MDA kits, respectively. Results After TAK242 treatment, damage to lung tissue was increased, and the expressions of TLR-4, MYD88, P65, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, and SOD were decreased. Intermittent hypoxic exposure caused alveolar expansion, thickening of alveolar septum, and fusion of adjacent alveoli into larger cysts under intermittent hypoxia in a time-dependent manner. Compared with the CG and HI groups, the mean lining interval (MLI) become more thickened and the alveolar destruction index (DI) increased significantly in the IH group. Conclusions Chronic intermittent hypoxia causes pulmonary inflammatory response and the inflammatory pathway involved in TLR4 receptor may be one of the mechanisms that trigger lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Yang
- 2nd Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Shu-Juan Wang
- 2nd Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yan-Ting Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Bai
- Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jian-Nan Gong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ya-Qiong Huang
- 2nd Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Dong-Dong An
- 2nd Department of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
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Zhang X, Bai L, Zhang S, Zhou X, Li Y, Bai J. Trx-1 ameliorates learning and memory deficits in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:380-387. [PMID: 29960099 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), characteristic motor symptoms and cognitive impairment. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is a redox protein and protects neurons from various injuries. Our previous study has shown that Trx-1 overexpression attenuates movement disorder in PD. However, whether Trx-1 ameliorates cognitive deficits in PD is still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Trx-1 on learning and memory in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model in mice. We demonstrated that deficits in learning and memory were induced by MPTP in mice through the elevated plus-maze test. We found that the retention transfer latency time was shorten, escape latency was decreased and the number of platform crossings was increased in the Morris water maze (MWM) in Trx-1 transgenic (TG) mice when compared with wild type mice. The expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) were decreased by MPTP, which were restored in Trx-1 TG mice. The expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2B subunit (NR2B), the levels of phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus were decreased by MPTP, which were reversed in Trx-1 TG mice. These results suggest that Trx-1 ameliorates learning and memory deficits in MPTP-induced PD model in mice via modulating the D1R and the NMDAR-ERK1/2-CREB pathway. Trx-1 may be a therapy target for learning and memory deficits in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Liping Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Se Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ye Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Jie Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Monoamine oxidase A upregulated by chronic intermittent hypoxia activates indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and neurodegeneration. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177940. [PMID: 28599322 PMCID: PMC5466431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-morbid depression is prevalent in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Here we report that monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) plays pathogenic roles in the comorbidity. We found that chronic intermittent hypoxia significantly increased the MAO-A expression in the rat hippocampus and markedly decreased the dendritic length and spine density in the pyramidal neurons with less pre- and post-synaptic proteins. The MAO-A upregulation resulted in increased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/serotonin ratio, oxidative stress, leading to NF-κB activation, inflammation and apoptosis. Also, the expression of cytokine-responsive indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) was significantly augmented in hypoxia, resulting in increased kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and lowered serotonin level in the hippocampus. Moreover, depressive-like behaviors were observed in the hypoxic rat. Administration of M30, a brain-selective MAO-A inhibitor with iron-chelating properties, prior to hypoxic treatment prevented the aberrant changes in the hippocampus and depressive behavior. In human SH-SY5Y cells expressing MAO-A but not MAO-B, hypoxia significantly increased the MAO-A expression, which was blocked by M30 or clorgyline. Collectively, the MAO-A upregulation induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia plays significant pathogenic role in oxidative stress, inflammation and IDO-1 activation resulting in serotonin depletion and neurodegeneration.
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Atorvastatin Protects from Aβ 1-40-Induced Cell Damage and Depressive-Like Behavior via ProBDNF Cleavage. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6163-6173. [PMID: 27709490 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular (icv) amyloid-beta (Aβ)1-40 infusion to mice has been demonstrated to cause neurotoxicty and depressive-like behavior and it can be used to evaluate antidepressant and neuroprotective effect of drugs. Atorvastatin is a widely used statin that has demonstrated antidepressant-like effect in predictable animal behavioral models and neuroprotective effect against Aβ1-40 infusion. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of in vivo atorvastatin treatment against Aβ1-40-induced changes in mood-related behaviors and biochemical parameters in ex vivo hippocampal slices from mice. Atorvastatin treatment (10 mg/kg, p.o., once a day for seven consecutive days) abolished depressive-like and anhedonic-like behaviors induced by Aβ1-40 (400 pmol/site, icv) infusion. Aβ1-40-induced hippocampal cell damage was reversed by atorvastatin treatment. Aβ1-40 infusion decreased glutamate uptake in hippocampal slices, and atorvastatin did not altered it. Glutamine synthetase activity was not altered by any treatment. Atorvastatin also increased hippocampal mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF)/precursor BDNF (proBDNF) ratio, suggesting an increase of proBDNF to mBDNF cleavage. Accordingly, increased tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and p11 genic expression were observed in hippocampus of atorvastatin-treated mice. Atorvastatin displays antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects against Aβ1-40-induced toxicity, and these effects may involve tPA- and p11-mediated cleavage of proBDNF to mBDNF.
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Gao X, Zhuang FZ, Qin SJ, Zhou L, Wang Y, Shen QF, Li M, Villarreal M, Benefield L, Gu SL, Ma TF. Dexmedetomidine protects against learning and memory impairments caused by electroconvulsive shock in depressed rats: Involvement of the NMDA receptor subunit 2B (NR2B)-ERK signaling pathway. Psychiatry Res 2016; 243:446-52. [PMID: 27455425 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a common adverse effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) during treatment for severe depression. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a sedative-anesthetic drug, is used to treat post-ECT agitation. However, it is not known if DEX can protect against ECT-induced cognitive impairments. To address this, we used chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) to establish a model of depression for ECT treatment. Our Morris water maze and sucrose preference test results suggest that DEX alleviates ECT-induced learning and memory impairments without altering the antidepressant efficacy of ECT. To further investigate the underlying mechanisms of DEX, hippocampal expression of NR2B, p-ERK/ERK, p-CREB/CREB, and BDNF were quantified by western blotting. These results show that DEX suppresses over-activation of NR2B and enhances phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the hippocampus of ECT-treated depressed rats. Furthermore, DEX had no significant effect on ECT-induced increases in p-CREB and BDNF. Overall, our findings suggest that DEX ameliorates ECT-induced learning and memory impairments in depressed rats via the NR2B-ERK signaling cascade. Moreover, CREB/BDNF seems not appear to participate in the cognitive protective mechanisms of DEX during ECT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fu-Zhi Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shou-Jun Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Anesthesiology of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing-Feng Shen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The East People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Lauren Benefield
- Texas A&M University'16, College Station 77841, TX, United States
| | - Shu-Ling Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Teng-Fei Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Massari CM, Castro AA, Dal-Cim T, Lanznaster D, Tasca CI. In vitro 6-hydroxydopamine-induced toxicity in striatal, cerebrocortical and hippocampal slices is attenuated by atorvastatin and MK-801. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 37:162-168. [PMID: 27647473 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) involves the loss of striatal dopaminergic neurons, although other neurotransmitters and brain areas are also involved in its pathophysiology. In rodent models to PD it has been shown statins improve cognitive and motor deficits and attenuate inflammatory responses evoked by PD-related toxins. Statins are the drugs most prescribed to hypercholesterolemia, but neuroprotective effects have also been attributed to statins treatment in humans and in animal models. This study aimed to establish an in vitro model of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced toxicity, used as an initial screening test to identify effective drugs against neural degeneration related to PD. The putative neuroprotective effect of atorvastatin against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity in rat striatal, cerebrocortical and hippocampal slices was also evaluated. 6-OHDA (100μM) decreased cellular viability in slices obtained from rat cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum. 6-OHDA also induced an increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Co-incubation of 6-OHDA with atorvastatin (10μM) or MK-801 (50μM) an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, partially attenuated the cellular damage evoked by 6-OHDA in the three brain areas. Atorvastatin partially reduced ROS production in the hippocampus and striatum and disturbances of mitochondria membrane potential in cortex and striatum. 6-OHDA-induced toxicity in vitro displays differences among the brain structures, but it is also observed in cerebrocortical and hippocampal slices, besides striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio M Massari
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Adalberto A Castro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tharine Dal-Cim
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Débora Lanznaster
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carla I Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Electrical stimulation influences chronic intermittent hypoxia-hypercapnia induction of muscle fibre transformation by regulating the microRNA/Sox6 pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26415. [PMID: 27199002 PMCID: PMC4873781 DOI: 10.1038/srep26415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can cause muscle fibre transformation due to chronic intermittent hypoxia-hypercapnia (CIHH). Studies have shown that high expression of Sox6 in muscle could suppress type-I fibres through downregulating the PPARβ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β)/ERRγ (oestrogen-related receptor γ)/microRNA pathway. However, whether this pathway is involved in CIHH-induced muscle fibre transformation is unknown. Electrical stimulation (ES) is an effective approach to ameliorate muscle dysfunction. Here, we explored the effects of ES on CIHH-induced muscle fibre transformation and the microRNA/Sox6 pathway. After CIHH exposure, both the soleus (SOL) and gastrocnemius (GC) muscles showed decreased type-I fibres. The PPARβ/ERRγ/mir-499&208b (PEM, for GC) and PPARβ/mir-499&208b (PM, for SOL) signalling cascades were suppressed, followed by elevated Sox6 expression. Low frequency electrical stimulation (LFES) activated the PEM/PM pathway and enhanced type-I fibre numbers through suppressing Sox6 in SOL and GC. High frequency electrical stimulation (HFES) promoted type-I fibre expression through activating the PEM pathway in GC. Although PPARβ expression and type-I fibres were suppressed in SOL after HFES, no significant change was found in mir-499&208b/Sox6 expression. These results suggest that the microRNA/Sox6 pathway is disturbed after CIHH. Both low and high frequency electrical stimulations induce muscle fibre transformation partly through regulating the microRNA/Sox6 pathway.
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Pan LL, Ke JQ, Zhao CC, Huang SY, Shen J, Jiang XX, Wang XT. Electrical Stimulation Improves Rat Muscle Dysfunction Caused by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Hypercapnia via Regulation of miRNA-Related Signaling Pathways. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152525. [PMID: 27023369 PMCID: PMC4811440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is common. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) is a powerful exercise training that may relieve muscle dysfunction in COPD. This study investigated whether electrical stimulation may have atypical adaptations via activation of miRNA related pathways in counteracting COPD muscle dysfunction. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups. With the exception of the rats in the control group, the experimental rats were exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia-hypercapnia (CIHH) (9∼11%O2,5.5∼6.5%CO2) for 2 or 4 weeks. Electrical stimulation was performed immediately after each CIHH session. Following assessment of the running capacity, biopsy samples were obtained from the gastrocnemius of the rats. The miR-1, miR-133a and miR-133b levels were measured, as well as their related proteins: phosphorylation of Akt (p-AKT), PGC-1alpha (PGC-1α), histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) and serum response factor (SRF). Myosin heavy chainⅡa (MHCⅡa) and myosin heavy chainⅡb (MHCⅡb) were also measured to assess fiber type changes. After 2 weeks, compared with the controls, only miR-1 and miR-133a were significantly increased (p<0.05) in the exposure group. After 4 weeks, the exposure group exhibited a decreased running distance (p = 0.054) and MHCⅡa-to-MHCⅡb shift (p<0.05). PGC-1α (p = 0.051), nuclear HDAC4 (p = 0.058), HDAC4, p-AKT, PGC-1α and SRF was also significantly decreased (p<0.05). In contrast, miR-1 and miR-133a were significantly increased (p<0.05). Four weeks of electrical stimulation can partly reversed those changes, and miR-133b exhibited a transient increase after 2 weeks electrical stimulation. Our study indicate miRNAs may have roles in the response of CIHH-impaired muscle to changes during electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Pan
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Wenzhou City, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Qiong Ke
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Shi-Yuan Huang
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xian-Xun Jiang
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wang
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Chen T, Zhang B, Li G, Chen L, Chen L. Simvastatin enhances NMDA receptor GluN2B expression and phosphorylation of GluN2B and GluN2A through increased histone acetylation and Src signaling in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Neuropharmacology 2016; 107:411-421. [PMID: 27016018 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simvastatin (SV) can improve cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease patients and mice. Herein, we report that the administration of SV (20 mg/kg) for 5 days in mice (SV-mice) or the treatment of slices with SV (10 μM) for 4 h (SV-slices) could increase the density of NMDA-evoked inward currents (INMDA) in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, which were blocked by farnesol (FOH) that converts farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), but not geranylgeraniol (GGOH) that increases geranylgeranylpyrophosphate (GGPP). Sensitivity of INMDA to ifenprodil in SV-mice or SV-slices was significantly increased. The levels of hippocampal GluN2B and GluN2A or Src phosphorylation in SV-mice or SV-slices were higher than controls, which were sensitive to FOH. The Src inhibitor PP2 could inhibit the SV-enhanced phosphorylation of GluN2B and GluN2A and SV-augmented INMDA, but PI3K inhibitor LY294002 did not. The levels of GluN2B mRNA and protein were elevated in SV-mice, which was abolished by FOH, but not by GGOH or PP2. Furthermore, the histone H3K9 and H3K27 acetylation of GluN2B promoter was increased in SV-mice, which was suppressed by FOH rather than GGOH or PP2. In control mice and slices, the reduction of FPP by farnesyl transferase inhibitor could increase the levels of GluN2B expression, the histone H3K9 and H3K27 acetylation and enhance the phosphorylation of GluN2B, GluN2A and Src. The findings indicate that the administration of SV can enhance GluN2B expression and GluN2B and GluN2A phosphorylation leading to augmentation of NMDAR activity through reducing FPP to increase histone acetylation of GluN2B and Src signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Baofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guoxi Li
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Wang J, Ming H, Chen R, Ju JM, Peng WD, Zhang GX, Liu CF. CIH-induced neurocognitive impairments are associated with hippocampal Ca2+ overload, apoptosis, and dephosphorylation of ERK1/2 and CREB that are mediated by overactivation of NMDARs. Brain Res 2015; 1625:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rai R, Singh HK, Prasad S. A Special Extract of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI-08) Restores Learning and Memory by Upregulating Expression of the NMDA Receptor Subunit GluN2B in the Brain of Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:254303. [PMID: 26413117 PMCID: PMC4564605 DOI: 10.1155/2015/254303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present communication, we have investigated effects of the CDRI-08, a well characterized extract of Bacopa monnieri, on expression of the GluN2B subunit of NMDAR in various brain regions of the scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. Our behavioral data reveal that scopolamine-treated amnesic mice exhibit significant decline in the spatial memory compared to the normal control mice. Our RT-PCR and immunoblotting data revealed that the scopolamine treatment resulted in a significant downregulation of the NMDAR GluN2B subunit expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Our enzyme assay data revealed that scopolamine caused a significant increase in the acetylcholinesterase activity in both the brain regions. Further, oral administration of the CDRI-08 to scopolamine-treated amnesic mice restored the spatial memory which was found to be associated with significant upregulation of the GluN2B subunit expression and decline in the acetylcholinesterase activity in prefrontal cortex as well as hippocampus towards their levels in the normal control mice. Our study provides the evidence for the mechanism underlying role of the Bacopa monnieri extract (CDRI-08) in restoring spatial memory in amnesic mice, which may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Rai
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Hemant K. Singh
- Lumen Research Foundation, Ashok Nagar, Chennai 600083, India
| | - S. Prasad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Centre, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
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