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Guraya SS, Clarke E, Sadeq A, Smith M, Hand S, Doyle F, Kearney G, Harbinson M, Ryan A, Boland F, Bensaaud A, Guraya SY, Harkin DW. Validating a theory of planned behavior questionnaire for assessing changes in professional behaviors of medical students. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1382903. [PMID: 38808142 PMCID: PMC11130381 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1382903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Teaching professionalism is a fundamental aspect of medical undergraduate education, delivering important domains of professional attitudes, ethics, and behaviors. The effects of educational interventions can be assessed by measuring the change in such domains, but validated assessment tools for these professionalism domains are lacking. In this study, we constructed and conducted expert validation of a modified theory of planned behavior (TPB) questionnaire to assess changes in professional behaviors (PBs) in medical students. Methods To validate that, we modified an existing TPB questionnaire, and an 18-item questionnaire was subjected to expert panel evaluation using the content validation method. The clarity and relevance of items were assessed using a four-point rating scale (i.e., 1 = not relevant to 4 = highly relevant). Ratings of experts and free-text comments were analyzed. Quantitative evaluation of relevance and clarity was undertaken through analyses of the Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI). A qualitative assessment of the comments of experts was conducted to refine items, any disagreements were discussed, and a consensus decision was developed among authors for item changes. Results Quantitative evaluation of the Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) scored 0.9-1 for relevance and 0.7-1 for clarity. Qualitative evaluation resulted in (i) changes to the wording of items (e.g., choices such as "worthless/worthwhile" were replaced with "not important/important"); and (ii) suggestion of the addition of social media in the construct of subjective norms. Discussion The proposed tool exhibits content validity and can assess TPB constructs in professionalism education. This study of content validity may help to ensure the modified TPB questionnaire accurately measures the TPB constructs, ensuring its effectiveness in accurately measuring the TPB constructs for PB in diversified educational medical institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Clarke
- Centre for Professionalism in Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Asil Sadeq
- Centre for Professionalism in Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Smith
- Centre for Professionalism in Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Hand
- Centre for Professionalism in Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frank Doyle
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Population Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grainne Kearney
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Harbinson
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Aine Ryan
- Centre for Professionalism in Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Boland
- Data Science Centre, School of Population Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Abdelsalam Bensaaud
- Centre for Professionalism in Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Salman Yousuf Guraya
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Denis W. Harkin
- Centre for Professionalism in Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Ramos PD, Almeida MS, Olsson IAS. What do people think about genetic engineering? A systematic review of questionnaire surveys before and after the introduction of CRISPR. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1284547. [PMID: 38192431 PMCID: PMC10773783 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1284547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of CRISPR-Cas9 in 2012 started revolutionizing the field of genetics by broadening the access to a method for precise modification of the human genome. It also brought renewed attention to the ethical issues of genetic modification and the societal acceptance of technology for this purpose. So far, many surveys assessing public attitudes toward genetic modification have been conducted worldwide. Here, we present the results of a systematic review of primary publications of surveys addressing public attitudes toward genetic modification as well as the awareness and knowledge about the technology required for genetic modification. A total of 53 primary publications (1987-2020) focusing on applications in humans and non-human animals were identified, covering countries in four continents. Of the 53 studies, 30 studies from until and including 2012 (pre-CRISPR) address gene therapy in humans and genetic modification of animals for food production and biomedical research. The remaining 23 studies from after 2013 (CRISPR) address gene editing in humans and animals. Across countries, respondents see gene therapy for disease treatment or prevention in humans as desirable and highly acceptable, whereas enhancement is generally met with opposition. When the study distinguishes between somatic and germline applications, somatic gene editing is generally accepted, whereas germline applications are met with ambivalence. The purpose of the application is also important for assessing attitudes toward genetically modified animals: modification in food production is much less accepted than for biomedical application in pre-CRISPR studies. A relationship between knowledge/awareness and attitude toward genetic modification is often present. A critical appraisal of methodology quality in the primary publications with regards to sampling and questionnaire design, development, and administration shows that there is considerable scope for improvement in the reporting of methodological detail. Lack of information is more common in earlier studies, which probably reflects the changing practice in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Dias Ramos
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS–Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Strecht Almeida
- ICBAS–Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ingrid Anna Sofia Olsson
- i3S–Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS–Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Tecen-Yucel K, Ozdemir N, Kara E, Demirkan K, Sancar M, Okuyan B. Factors associated with intention of clinical pharmacists and candidates to provide pharmaceutical care: application of theory planned behaviour. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:682. [PMID: 37730582 PMCID: PMC10512481 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postgraduate education programs in clinical pharmacy have become widespread in Türkiye. This study aimed to identify factors associated with the intention of Turkish clinical pharmacists and candidates (who were graduates and students of postgraduate clinical pharmacy programs) to provide pharmaceutical care. METHODS This prospective observational study was conducted between June 2021 and May 2022. After searching relevant studies, an expert panel discussion, translation, cultural adaptation, and a pilot study developed a 52-item Turkish scale based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TBP). Cronbach alpha for each construct was calculated after an explanatory factor and test-retest reliability analysis. An online survey link was sent to all graduates or candidates of postgraduate clinical pharmacy programs in Türkiye. After univariate regression analysis, the multiple linear regression model was performed. RESULTS One hundred fifty-six participants completed the survey (response rate: 59.1%). The Cronbach's alpha for attitude (9 items), subjective norm (6 items), perceived behavioural control (5 items), self-efficacy (6 items), intention (11 items) and past behaviour (15 items) were 0.945, 0.720, 0.751, 0.864, 0.934 and 0.955 respectively. The multiple linear regression analysis found a higher score of the subjective norm (p = 0.016), a higher score of self-efficacy (p < 0.001), younger age (p < 0.001) and having PhD (p = 0.038) were associated with increased intention score. CONCLUSIONS It was shown that higher self efficacy and positive beliefs of their peers and other healthcare professionals were associated with their higher intention score for providing pharmaceutical care. Younger age and having a PhD were other factors associated with their intention to provide pharmaceutical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamer Tecen-Yucel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 26210, Eskisehir, Türkiye.
| | - Nesligul Ozdemir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Inönü University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Emre Kara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Kutay Demirkan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Mesut Sancar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Betul Okuyan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Wiwaranukool P, Chan RJ, Yates P. The Effects of an Educational Intervention on Exercise Advice Behaviors of Thai Oncology Nurses. Semin Oncol Nurs 2023; 39:151453. [PMID: 37336680 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2023.151453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate an educational intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior to increase oncology nurses' exercise advice behaviors. METHODS A single-group, quasi-experimental repeated measures design study was used with 124 oncology nurses in a Thai cancer institute. The educational intervention included preeducation self-directed activities for 1 hour, a 2-hour group education session, and posteducation outreach contact 1 week later. The outcome measures, including the Theory of Planned Behavior constructs, exercise knowledge, and self-reported exercise prescription behaviors, were collected at three time points: Time 1 (2 weeks preintervention), Time 2 (immediately preintervention), and Time 3 (2 weeks after the intervention). CONCLUSION Results indicated a statistically significant increase in scores after the intervention for all outcomes, including the Theory of Planned Behavior constructs (overall P value <.001), exercise knowledge (β = 2.99, P < .001), and exercise prescription behaviors: asking (odds ratio [OR] = 12.98, P < .001), assessing (OR = 6.20, P < .001), referring (OR = 4.10, P < .001), and writing exercise advice (OR = 11.52, P < .001). Additionally, verbal counseling behavior was performed by all participants, and therefore, the odds for verbal counseling were not reported. Structural equation modeling analysis demonstrated that attitudes and perceived behavioral control explained 41% of the variance in exercise advice intention. Perceived behavioral control and intention also explained 20% of the variance in self-reported exercise advice behaviors. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Attitudinal and perceived behavioral control constructs should be a focus of attention to improve health care professionals' exercise advice behaviors. More focused research is required to examine whether patients engage in and follow the exercise advice provided by oncology nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porawan Wiwaranukool
- Ramathibodi School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Raymond J Chan
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia;; Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patsy Yates
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Willems I, Verbestel V, Calders P, Lapauw B, De Craemer M. Test-Retest Reliability and Internal Consistency of a Newly Developed Questionnaire to Assess Explanatory Variables of 24-h Movement Behaviors in Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4407. [PMID: 36901416 PMCID: PMC10001532 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A questionnaire on explanatory variables for each behavior of the 24-h movement behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep) was developed based on three levels of the socio-ecological model, i.e., the intrapersonal level, interpersonal level and the physical environmental level. Within these levels, different constructs were questioned, i.e., autonomous motivation, attitude, facilitators, internal behavioral control, self-efficacy, barriers, subjective norm, social modeling, social support, home environment, neighborhood, and work environment. The questionnaire was tested for test-retest reliability (i.e., intraclass correlation (ICC)) for each item and internal consistency for each construct (i.e., Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient) among a group of 35 healthy adults with a mean age of 42.9 (±16.1) years. The total questionnaire contained 266 items, consisting of 14 items on general information, 70 items on physical activity, 102 items on sedentary behavior, 45 items on sleep and 35 items on the physical environment. Seventy-one percent of the explanatory items showed moderate to excellent reliability (ICC between 0.50 and 0.90) and a majority of constructs had a good homogeneity among items (Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient ≥ 0.70). This newly developed and comprehensive questionnaire might be used as a tool to understand adults' 24-h movement behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Willems
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vera Verbestel
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Calders
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marieke De Craemer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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White KM, Starfelt Sutton LC, Zhao X. Charitable donations and the theory of planned behaviour: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286053. [PMID: 37205662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the predominance of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to represent the psychological determinants underlying people's charitable decisions, the present study synthesised the model's key relationships, using meta-analysis, and tested the predictive utility of the model for charitable giving encompassing donations of blood, organs, time, and money. Given its relevance to altruistic decisions, the impact of moral norm was assessed also. A systematic literature review identified 117 samples (from 104 studies) examining donation intentions and/or prospective behaviour using TPB measures. The sample-weighted average effects for all associations were moderate-to-strong with perceived behavioural control (PBC) most strongly associated with intention (r+ = 0.562), followed by moral norm (r+ = 0.537), attitude (r+ = 0.507), and subjective norm (r+ = 0.472). Intention (r+ = 0.424) showed stronger associations with prospective behaviour than PBC (r+ = 0.301). The standard TPB predictors explained 44% of variance in intention (52% including moral norm). Intention and PBC explained 19% of variance in behaviour. A number of TPB associations showed differences when analysed for moderator variables such as length of follow-up for prospective behaviour and type of target behaviour. Stronger associations were found for the (subjective and moral) norm-intention associations among some of the different types of giving behaviours, especially for donating organs and time. Overall, the large proportion of variance explained by the TPB predictors especially for intention highlights those cognitions associated with people's plans to give, informative for charities reliant on people's propensity to give.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M White
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Xiang Zhao
- School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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de Frel DL, Wicks H, Bakk Z, van Keulen N, van Adrichem V, van Tussenbroek N, Atsma PDE, Janssen VR. Development, internal reliability and preliminary construct validity of the Dutch Dietary Intention Evaluation Tool for In-patients (DIETI). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:56-64. [PMID: 36333205 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diet is important in prevention and management of non-communicable disease and in particular, cardiovascular disease. Recently, more hospitals gear towards healthier dietary policies, however, a tool to assess the effect of these interventions in patient populations is currently lacking. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is generally used to assess health-related behavior and offers a framework for development of questionnaires. In this study, we aim to evaluate the reliability, internal consistency and preliminary construct validity of the newly developed Dietary Intention Evaluation Tool for In-hospital patients (DIETI) which is based on the TPB. METHODS AND RESULTS An expert panel constructed the item list of the DIETI. A total of 312 patients admitted to the cardiology ward filled out the DIETI. Explanatory- and confirmatory factor analysis showed that our tool adequately discerns five TPB-consistent factors regarding a healthy diet in hospitalized patients. (N = 312, for the CFA model χ2 = 313.072 (df = 160, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.939, RMSEA = 0.058). Subsequent analysis of reliability showed satisfactory to strong internal consistency of the questionnaire as a whole and all subscales (Cronbach's alpha for the subscales ranging between 0.65 and 0.88). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the DIETI is an internally reliable tool to assess behavioral intentions regarding a healthy diet of in-hospital patients. Thus, this questionnaire can be used to evaluate the effect of dietary interventions aimed at hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan L de Frel
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hope Wicks
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Zsuzsa Bakk
- Section of Methodology and Statistics, Department of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole van Keulen
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Prof Douwe E Atsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Veronica R Janssen
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Moore J, Turner LW, Stellefson M, Chaney BH. Dental Hygiene Behaviors among Young Adults: A Systematic Review of Surveys Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2022.2100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Lu YJ, Lai HR, Lin PC, Kuo SY, Chen SR, Lee PH. Predicting exercise behaviors and intentions of Taiwanese urban high school students using the theory of planned behavior. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 62:e39-e44. [PMID: 34272134 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study applied the Theory of Planned Behavior to predict exercise behaviors and intentions of teenagers and analyzed sex differences. DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective study design was employed to survey tenth-grade students in Taipei, Taiwan. The 951 participants reported their exercise attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and intentions, and their exercise behaviors were tracked 6 months later. RESULTS Results revealed that 22.1% of all students and more male students than female students exercised for ≥30 min/day on 5 or more days/week. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that intentions, PBC, attitudes, and subjective norms explained 32.5% of the variation in exercise behavior (p < .001). Intentions, attitudes, and PBC were related to exercise behavior regardless of sex. Attitudes, subjective norms, and PBC explained 67.0% of the variation in intentions (p < .001). Attitudes and PBC were related to intentions regardless of sex. CONCLUSIONS The findings support that the main constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior can effectively predict regular exercise intentions and behaviors among adolescents. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The results can serve as a reference for nurses and other healthcare professionals when formulating effective strategies to encourage adolescents to engage in exercise practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jen Lu
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Ru Lai
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 162 Ho-Ping East Road, Sec. 1, Taipei 10610, Taiwan.
| | - Pi-Chu Lin
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, 23 Pingguang Rd., Neipu, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Yu Kuo
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Ru Chen
- Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing and School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Pi-Hsia Lee
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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McCarthy KS, Kneavel M, Ernst W. Psychometric properties of concussion knowledge and cognitive mediators of reporting measures. Brain Inj 2021; 35:1210-1217. [PMID: 34347541 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2021.1959064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Context: Concussion education and prevention programs require reliable and valid instruments to evaluate the theory, mechanisms, and outcome of these interventions Objective: To assess the psychometric properties of measures evaluating concussion education and prevention programsDesign: Descriptive epidemiological Setting: 10 NCAA-member universities Patients or Other Participants: 841 student-athletes in an RCT control group testing an ecological, peer-led concussion education program Main Outcome Measures: Instruments adapted for assessing concussion knowledge and Theory of Planned Behavior/Theory of Reasoned Action (TPB/TRA) cognitive mediators of reporting behavior (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived control, and intentions to report concussion). Participants completed measures at baseline, after one hour, and after one month Results: Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were moderate for both the concussion knowledge and cognitive mediator measures. TPB/TRA was supported subscale intercorrelation and item factor analysis in the cognitive mediator scale. Factor analysis of the concussion knowledge measure revealed subscales for physical/cognitive, psychological/affective, and non-symptoms. The intermediate TPB/TRA mediators of attitudes, norms, and perceived control predicted greater intention-to-report, which predicted increased likelihood of reporting concussion one month later.Conclusions: Measures of concussion knowledge and cognitive mediators of reporting adapted from the literature show adequate psychometric properties and support TPB/TRA application for concussion reporting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S McCarthy
- , Chestnut Hill College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meredith Kneavel
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, La Salle University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Concussion Education and Research of Chestnut Hill College
| | - William Ernst
- , Chestnut Hill College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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A Systematic Review of the Development and Psychometric Properties of Loneliness Measures for Children and Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063285. [PMID: 33810076 PMCID: PMC8004998 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the three most commonly used measures of loneliness for children and adolescents (children: Loneliness and Aloneness Scale for Children and Adolescents [LACA] and Children’s Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Scale [CLS]; adolescents: UCLA Loneliness Scale [UCLA] and LACA). Loneliness is a pertinent issue across populations and affects the mental health and academic achievement of children and adolescents. To date, there has been no thorough examination of the loneliness measures for this age group. We examine how each of the three measures was developed, and assess the psychometric properties of those measures, gaining insight into whether they are valid and reliable assessments of loneliness. Results suggest that the UCLA Loneliness Scale is the most popular measure of loneliness for use with adolescents, but it does not have robust psychometric properties for that group. For children, the CLS appears most suitable. Results of the review identify gaps in aspects of measure development, with no measure having been developed with children or adolescents. Implications for future loneliness measurement research are considered.
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Intentions to "Reuse" Medication in the Future Modelled and Measured Using the Theory of Planned Behavior. PHARMACY 2020; 8:pharmacy8040213. [PMID: 33198347 PMCID: PMC7712992 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy8040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A range of pro-environmental behaviors are recognized, promoted, and investigated, but urgent action is also needed to tackle the direct and indirect environmental impact of medication waste. One solution is to reissue medicines, returned unused to pharmacies (i.e., reuse medicines). Yet, if medicines reuse is to be formally introduced in the UK, it is imperative also to understand people's willingness to take part in such a scheme and importantly, the underpinning drivers. This study aimed to develop, validate, and evaluate a Theory of Planned Behavior model aimed at predicting medicines reuse behavioral intentions. METHODS The behavior of interest, medicines reuse, was defined according to its Target, Action, Context, and Time. Then themes from an existing qualitative study were used in order to draft, validate and pilot a Theory of Planned Behavior-based questionnaire before its completion by a representative sample (n = 1003) of participants from across the UK. RESULTS The majority expressed pro-medicines reuse intentions. The three direct measures accounted for 73.4% of the variance in relation to people's intention to reuse medicines in the future, which was statistically significant at p < 0.001. People's specific beliefs about medicines reuse and how they evaluate other people's expectations of them had a substantial impact on their intentions to reuse medication in the future, mediated in an intricate way via attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control (PBC). CONCLUSIONS This study shows how people could embrace medicines reuse via practical measures that illustrate the safety and quality assurance of reissued medicines, educational interventions that bolster beliefs about the pro-environmental benefits, and norm-based interventions encouraging doctors and pharmacists to endorse the practice. The findings add to the emerging work on medicines reuse and, significantly, provide a theoretical framework to guide policymakers and other organizations looking to decrease the impact of medication waste through medicines reuse schemes.
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Chenary R, Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Bashirian S, Roshanaei G, Fazaeli AA, Mohammadimanesh A, Jalilian M. Developing and Testing an Instrument to Measure the Factors Affecting the Salt Restriction Behaviors among Women. J Res Health Sci 2020; 20:e00489. [PMID: 33169721 PMCID: PMC7585764 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2020.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: High salt intake is considered as one of the most important causes of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Measuring and identifying factors contributing to people's salt intake behaviors is important to evaluate effectiveness of interventions focusing on salt reduction behaviors. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a new theory of planned behavior (TPB)- based instrument to measure factors influencing three different salt intake behaviors (adding salt during cooking, at the table, purchasing salty food) among women.
Study design: A mixed-method study.
Methods: After the face and content validity of developed instrument were established, a representative sample of women (N= 300, age (SD):42.82(12.10)) were recruited to assess the construct validity using Partial Least Square confirmatory factor analysis. Coefficient alpha and composite reliability (CR) were used to establish reliability of instrument. The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were used to assess the content validity.
Results: Assessing validity and reliability of instrument led to 56-item questionnaire. CVI was more than 0.70 and CVR more than 0.56. Internal consistency as assessed by Cronbach's alpha was acceptable. Convergent and discriminant validity were established. The GOF index for behavior one was 0.250, for behavior two was 0.414 and behavior three was 0.374. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicate that TPB model has an acceptable fit with data.
Conclusion: Our instrument provides a validated and reliable tool for assessing different aspects of salt intake behaviors in women to evaluate effectiveness of interventions focusing on salt reduction behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Chenary
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Karimi-Shahanjarini
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeed Bashirian
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ghodratollah Roshanaei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Modeling of Noncommunicable diseases Research center, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Fazaeli
- Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadimanesh
- Department of Nutrition Science, School of Medical, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Jalilian
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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14
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van Grieken A, Wang L, van de Gaar VM, Jansen W, Raat H. Associations between family and home-related factors and child's snack consumption in a multi-ethnic population. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 41:430-438. [PMID: 30020495 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy-dense snacks are considered unhealthy due to their high concentrations of fat and sugar and low concentrations of micronutrients. The present study aimed to evaluate associations between family and home-related factors and children's snack consumption. We explored associations within subgroups based on ethnic background of the child. METHODS Cross-sectional data of 644 primary school children (mean age: 9.4 years, 53% girls) from the population-based 'Water Campaign' study conducted in the Netherlands were used. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between family and home-related factors and child's snack intake. RESULTS Of the children, 28.7% consumed more than one snack per day. Children of parents who expressed more restrictive parenting practices towards the child's snack consumption (odds ratio (OR) = 2.5, P < 0.001), and who modelled snack eating less often (OR = 2.2, P < 0.001) had lower snack intake. Restrictive parenting practices and parental modelling of healthy snacking were significant for children with a Dutch or Moroccan/Turkish ethnic background, but not for children with a Surinamese/Antillean ethnic background. CONCLUSIONS We observed that parenting practices and parental modelling were independently associated with the child's snack intake. Also, the relationships between these factors and the child's snack consumption differed for children with distinct ethnic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy van Grieken
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vivian M van de Gaar
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wilma Jansen
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Social Development, City of Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hein Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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15
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What Motivates Behavior Change? Analyzing User Intentions to Adopt Clean Technologies in Low-Resource Settings Using the Theory of Planned Behavior. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13113021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding and integrating the user’s decision-making process into product design and distribution strategies is likely to lead to higher adoption rates and ultimately increased impacts, particularly for those products that require a change in habit or behavior such as clean energy technologies. This study applies the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in design for global development, where understanding the tendency to adopt beneficial technologies based on parsimonious approaches is critical to programmatic impact. To investigate robustness and applicability of behavioral models in a data scarce setting, this study applies TPB to the adoption of biomass cookstoves in a sample size of two remote communities in Honduras and Uganda before and after a trial period. Using multiple ordinal logistic regressions, the intention to adopt the technology was modeled. Results quantify the influence of these factors on households’ intentions to cook their main meals with improved cookstoves. For example, the intention of participants with slightly stronger beliefs regarding the importance of reducing smoke emissions was 3.3 times higher than average to cook more main meals with clean cookstoves. The quantitative method of this study enables technology designers to design and develop clean technologies that better suit user behavior, needs, and priorities. In addition, the data driven approach of this study provides insights for policy makers to design policies such as subsidies, information campaigns, and supply chains that reflect behavioral attributes for culturally tailored clean technology adoption initiatives. Furthermore, this work discusses potential sources of bias and statistical challenges in data-scarce regions, and outlines methods to address them.
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16
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de Jonge LPJWM, Mesters I, Govaerts MJB, Timmerman AA, Muris JWM, Kramer AWM, van der Vleuten CPM. Supervisors' intention to observe clinical task performance: an exploratory study using the theory of planned behaviour during postgraduate medical training. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 20:134. [PMID: 32354331 PMCID: PMC7193388 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct observation of clinical task performance plays a pivotal role in competency-based medical education. Although formal guidelines require supervisors to engage in direct observations, research demonstrates that trainees are infrequently observed. Supervisors may not only experience practical and socio-cultural barriers to direct observations in healthcare settings, they may also question usefulness or have low perceived self-efficacy in performing direct observations. A better understanding of how these multiple factors interact to influence supervisors' intention to perform direct observations may help us to more effectively implement the aforementioned guidelines and increase the frequency of direct observations. METHODS We conducted an exploratory quantitative study, using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as our theoretical framework. In applying the TPB, we transfer a psychological theory to medical education to get insight in the influence of cognitive and emotional processes on intentions to use direct observations in workplace based learning and assessment. We developed an instrument to investigate supervisors intention to perform direct observations. The relationships between the TPB measures of our questionnaire were explored by computing bivariate correlations using Pearson's R tests. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed in order to assess the impact of the respective TPB measures as predictors on the intention to perform direct observations. RESULTS In our study 82 GP supervisors completed our TPB questionnaire. We found that supervisors had a positive attitude towards direct observations. Our TPB model explained 45% of the variance in supervisors' intentions to perform them. Normative beliefs and past behaviour were significant determinants of this intention. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that supervisors use their past experiences to form intentions to perform direct observations in a careful, thoughtful manner and, in doing so, also take the preferences of the learner and other stakeholders potentially engaged in direct observations into consideration. These findings have potential implications for research into work-based assessments and the development of training interventions to foster a shared mental model on the use of direct observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laury P J W M de Jonge
- Department of General Practice, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ilse Mesters
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan J B Govaerts
- Department of Educational Research and Development, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelique A Timmerman
- Department of General Practice, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jean W M Muris
- Department of General Practice, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke W M Kramer
- Department of Family Medicine, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cees P M van der Vleuten
- Department of Educational Research and Development, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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17
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Smart City and High-Tech Urban Interventions Targeting Human Health: An Equity-Focused Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072325. [PMID: 32235594 PMCID: PMC7177215 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Urban infrastructure systems responsible for the provision of energy, transportation, shelter, and communication to populations are important determinants of health and health equity. The term “smart city” has been used synonymously with other terms, such as “digital city”, “sustainable city”, and “information city”, even though definitional distinctions exist between terms. In this review, we use “smart cities” as a catch-all term to refer to an emerging concept in urban governance practice and scholarship that has been increasingly applied to achieve public health aims. The objective of this systematic review was to document and analyze the inclusion of equity considerations and dimensions (i.e., a measurement, analytical, or dialectical focus on systematic disparities in health between groups) in smart city interventions aimed to improve human health and well-being. Systematic searches were carried out in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Psychological Information Database (PsycINFO), the PubMed database from the National Center for Biotechnology Information, Elsevier’s database Scopus, and Web of Science, returning 3219 titles. Ultimately, 28 articles were retained, assessed, and coded for their inclusion of equity characteristics using the Cochrane PROGRESS-Plus tool (referring to (P) place of residence, (R) race, (O) occupation, (G) gender, (R) religion, (E) education, (S) socio-economic status (SES), and (S) social capital). The most frequently included equity considerations in smart city health interventions were place of residence, SES, social capital, and personal characteristics; conversely, occupation, gender or sex, religion, race, ethnicity, culture, language, and education characteristics were comparatively less featured in such interventions. Overall, it appears that most of intervention evaluations assessed in this review are still in the early testing phases, and thus did not include or feature robust evaluative designs or commercially available technologies
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18
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Al Rawahi SH, Asimakopoulou K, Masood M, Al Bulushi NM, Al Yaqoobi KH, Newton JT. The Psychological Models of Health-related Behavior in Understanding Sugars Intake in Adults: A Review. Oman Med J 2020; 35:e114. [PMID: 32308991 PMCID: PMC7151060 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2020.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Free sugars intake plays a major role in dental caries formation and other general health issues such as obesity. Therefore, interventions, which assist individuals or populations in the control of their free sugars intake, are of central importance in caries prevention strategies. There is good evidence that behavioral interventions benefit from a foundation in conceptual theories of behavior change founded on empirical data. In this review, we discuss the future application of seven theories, including six common psychological theories in predicting and developing interventions to reduce free sugars intake related to dental caries among adults. For each model, we summarize its key features and the data derived from its application in general and oral health settings and make recommendations for future research. We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Global Health, PubMed, and Embase databases to identify items dealing with dental caries, adults, sugars intake, and six psychological theories. These included the Transtheoretical Model of Change, Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model, PRIME Theory, and Behavior Change Wheel theories. We searched literature published in the last 10 years, and priority was given to systematic reviews and randomized control trials. Although there is extensive literature on the application of the six psychological theories, there is a gap in knowledge about their effectiveness in reducing free sugars intake related to dental caries among adults. There is a need for better-designed trials of interventions based on the clear operationalization of psychological constructs to reduce sugars intake among the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koula Asimakopoulou
- Department of Population and Patient Health, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mohd Masood
- Dentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Jonathon Timothy Newton
- Department of Population and Patient Health, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, UK
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19
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Moshki M, Khajavi A, Sadeghi-Ghyassi F, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Pour-Doulati S. Measurement properties of self-report pedestrians' road crossing behavior questionnaires constructed based on the theory of planned behavior: protocol for a systematic review. Syst Rev 2019; 8:192. [PMID: 31376831 PMCID: PMC6679428 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pedestrians' unsafe crossing behavior exposes them at risk of trauma and death and puts a tremendous burden on the health care system. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) is one of the leading theoretical models used to develop pedestrians' road crossing behavior questionnaires, yet the quality of measurement properties of them has not been evaluated. The aim of the proposed systematic review is to evaluate the quality of measurement properties of the questionnaires constructed based on the TPB to predict pedestrians' road crossing behavior. METHODS We will include studies validating or evaluating one or more psychometric properties of the self-reported questionnaire employing the TPB for predicting pedestrians' road crossing behavior. A comprehensive search strategy will be formulated based on the components of review aim. The databases of MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, and ProQuest, also grey literature and the reference lists of the included studies, will be searched. A hand search for the relevant journals and Google Scholar will be conducted. COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) Risk of Bias checklist will be used to evaluate the measurement properties of the included questionnaires. First, we will assess standards for the methodological quality of each study. Then, each scale or subscale of a questionnaire will be rated using the updated criteria for good measurement property. We will quantitatively pool or qualitatively summarize the results and will evaluate them against the criteria for good measurement properties. Finally, we will grade the pooled or summarized evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach and provide recommendations for the most appropriate instrument. DISCUSSION The proposed systematic review will evaluate the measurement properties of self-report pedestrians' road crossing behavior questionnaires constructed based on the TPB. The findings will help researchers in selecting the appropriate TPB-based instrument for pedestrians' road crossing behavior. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017047793.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Moshki
- Health Education and Health Promotion Department, School of Health; Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Abdoljavad Khajavi
- Community Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghi-Ghyassi
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Pour-Doulati
- Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, East Azerbaijan Province Health Center, Tabriz, 5143814998 Iran
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20
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El Tantawi M, AlJameel AH, Fita S, AlSahan B, Alsuwaiyan F, El Meligy O. Dentists' intentions to manage drug users: Role of theory of planned behaviour and continuing education. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2019; 23:364-372. [PMID: 31025512 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess dentists' intention to manage drug users (DUs) and to evaluate the role of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and continuing education (CE) in explaining this intention. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017, including dentists from three major Saudi cities. A questionnaire assessed personal and professional background and components of TPB: attitude, perceived social norms, perceived control and intention to manage DUs. Respondents expressed their agreement on a scale from 1 (disagree) to 7 (agree). Receiving CE to manage DUs was also assessed. Adjusted linear regression was used to assess the impact of the TPB constructs and receiving CE on dentists' intention. RESULTS Response rate = 72% (255/354), mean (SD) age = 35.2 (11.9). The mean (SD) for positive intention to manage DUs = 5.34 (1.37), negative attitude = 4.03 (1.10), positively perceived norms = 5.78 (1.06) and perception of no control = 4.45 (1.08). Only 9% received CE to manage DUs. Positive intention was associated with perception of positive norms (B = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.59, 0.87) and perception of no control (B = -0.47, 95% CI = -0.63, -0.32) but not with receiving CE (P = 0.58). CONCLUSION In major Saudi cities, dentists' intention to manage DUs was positive and was explained by TPB components: perception of norms and perception of control. Modified and targeted CE is needed to address this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha El Tantawi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sarah Fita
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma AlSahan
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alsuwaiyan
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar El Meligy
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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21
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Via-Clavero G, Guàrdia-Olmos J, Gallart-Vivé E, Arias-Rivera S, Castanera-Duro A, Delgado-Hito P. Development and initial validation of a Theory of Planned Behaviour questionnaire to assess critical care nurses' intention to use physical restraints. J Adv Nurs 2019; 75:2036-2049. [PMID: 31090090 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To develop and psychometrically test a Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) questionnaire to assess nurses' intention to use physical restraints (PRs) in intubated patients. DESIGN A psychometric instrument validation study conducted in three phases. METHODS A theory-driven questionnaire was developed. Eight experts validated the content of the preliminary 58-item questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted including 101 critical care nurses to test the reliability of the items. Construct validity and reliability were tested in a cross-sectional study of 12 units from eight hospitals in Spain (N = 354) from October - December 2017. Participants completed the questions based on the TPB, and socio-demographic and professional variables. RESULTS The instrument comprised 48 items. All the direct and indirect constructs exhibited acceptable reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated satisfactory fit indices for factorial structure according to the TPB. Nurses showed favourable attitudes, low perception of social pressure and modest perception of behaviour control. Perceived behavioural control and attitude were moderately positively correlated with the intention to use restraints, whereas subjective norm revealed the lowest correlation. Overall, the model explained 33% of the variance in intention. CONCLUSIONS The Physical Restraint TPB questionnaire is a 48-item self-reporting theoretically based instrument with acceptable reliability and construct validity to identify nurses' intentions to use PRs in intubated patients. IMPACT Unravelling the key determinants of nurses' intentions to use PRs should be examined to tailor quality improvement projects aimed at de-implementing restraints use in practice and to promote safer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Via-Clavero
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Fundamental Care and Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Universitat de Barcelona-GRIN-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institute of Neuroscience (UB), Institute of Complex Systems (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Aaron Castanera-Duro
- Intensive Care Department, Nursing Department, Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Universitat de Girona (UDG), Girona, Spain
| | - Pilar Delgado-Hito
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Fundamental Care and Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Universitat de Barcelona-GRIN-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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Protogerou C, Hagger MS. A Case For a Study Quality Appraisal in Survey Studies in Psychology. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2788. [PMID: 30733700 PMCID: PMC6353849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Protogerou
- Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Martin S. Hagger
- Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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23
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Belletier C, Robert A, Moták L, Izaute M. Toward explicit measures of intention to predict information system use: An exploratory study of the role of implicit attitudes. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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24
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O'Neill BJ, Dwyer T, Reid-Searl K, Parkinson L. Nursing staff intentions towards managing deteriorating health in nursing homes: A convergent parallel mixed-methods study using the theory of planned behaviour. J Clin Nurs 2018; 27:e992-e1003. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J. O'Neill
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences; Central Queensland University; Rockhampton Qld Australia
| | - Trudy Dwyer
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences; Central Queensland University; Rockhampton Qld Australia
| | - Kerry Reid-Searl
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences; Central Queensland University; Rockhampton Qld Australia
| | - Lynne Parkinson
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences; Central Queensland University; Rockhampton Qld Australia
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25
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Kim SC, Pedersen C, Yi C. Validity and reliability of sleep promotion questionnaire and predictors of quality of care. SAGE Open Med 2018; 6:2050312118794595. [PMID: 35154749 PMCID: PMC8826097 DOI: 10.1177/2050312118794595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sleep disturbance is common among hospitalized patients. However, sleep promotion is not a high priority for most healthcare providers, which potentially impacts quality of care. Due to a paucity of validated tools to assess sleep promotion, little is known about the relationship between sleep promotion and quality of care. This study was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of a newly-developed instrument, the Sleep Promotion Questionnaire, and to examine sleep promotion as a predictor of quality of care. The Sleep Promotion Questionnaire includes dimensions of attitude, control, unit norms, intention, and behavior that are associated with sleep promotion. Methods: A total of 302 nurses participated in an online survey. The survey included the initial 36-item Sleep Promotion Questionnaire, a quality of care question, Caring Behavior Inventory, and Professional Quality of Life scale. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine the factor structure of the Sleep Promotion Questionnaire. The internal consistency reliability as well as the convergent and divergent validities was assessed. Pearson’s correlations and hierarchical multiple regression procedures were performed to explore the predictors of perceived quality of care. Results: Exploratory factor analysis of the Sleep Promotion Questionnaire yielded 28 items in five subscales, comprising Attitude, Control, Unit Norms, Sleep-aid Intention, and Behavior. Convergent and divergent validities were supported (r = 0.37; r = −0.38, respectively). The Cronbach’s alphas of internal consistency reliabilities of the Sleep Promotion Questionnaire subscales ranged from 0.70 to 0.89. Regression models showed that sleep-promoting Unit Norms was the only significant predictor of perceived quality of care among both ICU and non-ICU nurses (β = 0.40; β = 0.28, respectively). Conclusion: The Sleep Promotion Questionnaire appears to be a reliable and valid instrument with satisfactory psychometric properties for assessing sleep promotion, and it seems that having unit norms conducive to sleep promotion may positively impact the quality of care. However, further studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son Chae Kim
- St. David’s School of Nursing, Texas State University, Round Rock, TX, USA
| | - Chase Pedersen
- St. David’s North Austin Medical Center, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Cassia Yi
- Intensive Care Unit, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
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26
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Flowers EP, Freeman P, Gladwell VF. The Development of Three Questionnaires to Assess Beliefs about Green Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101172. [PMID: 28976924 PMCID: PMC5664673 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Green exercise is physical activity that takes place in the presence of natural environments. Despite the promising evidence of the benefits, little is known about how individuals’ thoughts and feelings influence participation in green exercise and subsequent outcomes. The aim of the current research was to develop questionnaires using the Theory of Planned Behaviour as a framework that could both directly and indirectly assess attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behaviour control, along with intention toward green exercise. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed that the indirect, direct, and intention measures all had good overall model fits when tested on a refinement (n = 253) and validation (n = 230) sample. The questionnaires will contribute towards helping to better understanding individuals’ beliefs about green exercise, how these influence behaviour, and ultimately to enable the development of effective interventions promoting green exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott P Flowers
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, School or Sport Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | - Paul Freeman
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, School or Sport Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | - Valerie F Gladwell
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, School or Sport Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK.
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van de Gaar VM, van Grieken A, Jansen W, Raat H. Children's sugar-sweetened beverages consumption: associations with family and home-related factors, differences within ethnic groups explored. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:195. [PMID: 28196498 PMCID: PMC5310003 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) may contribute to the development of overweight among children. The present study aimed to evaluate associations between family and home-related factors and children’s SSB consumption. We explored associations within ethnic background of the child. Methods Cross-sectional data from the population-based ‘Water Campaign’ study were used. Parents (n = 644) of primary school children (6-13 years) completed a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, family and home-related factors and child’s SSB intake. The family and home-related factors under study were: cognitive variables (e.g. parental attitude, subjective norm), environmental variables (e.g. availability of SSB, parenting practices), and habitual variables (e.g. habit strength, taste preference). Regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between family and home-related factors and child’s SSB intake (p < 0.05). Results Mean age of the children was 9.4 years (SD: 1.8) and 54.1% were girls. The child’s average SSB intake was 0.9 litres (SD: 0.6) per day. Child’s age, parents’ subjective norm, parenting practices, and parental modelling were positively associated with the child’s SSB intake. The availability of SSB at home and school and parental attitude were negatively associated with the child’s SSB intake. The associations under study differed according to the child’s ethnic background, with the explained variance of the full models ranging from 8.7% for children from Moroccan or Turkish ethnic background to 44.4% for children with Dutch ethnic background. Conclusions Our results provide support for interventions targeting children’s SSB intake focussing on the identified family and home-related factors, with active participation of parents. Also, the relationships between these factors and the child’s SSB intake differed for children with distinct ethnic backgrounds. Therefore, we would recommend to tailor interventions taking into account the ethnic background of the family. Trial registration Number NTR3400; date April 4th 2012; retrospectively registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4095-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M van de Gaar
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A van Grieken
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Jansen
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Social Development, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abdi J, Eftekhar H, Estebsari F, Sadeghi R. Theory-based interventions in physical activity: a systematic review of literature in Iran. Glob J Health Sci 2014; 7:215-29. [PMID: 25948454 PMCID: PMC4802108 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v7n3p215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of physical activity is ranked fourth among the causes of human death and chronic diseases. Using models and theories to design, implement, and evaluate the health education and health promotion interventions has many advantages. Using models and theories of physical activity, we decided to systematically study the educational and promotional interventions carried out in Iran from 2003 to 2013.Three information databases were used to systematically select papers using key words including Iranian Magazine Database (MAGIRAN), Iran Medical Library (MEDLIB), and Scientific Information Database (SID). Twenty papers were selected and studied. Having been applied in 9 studies, The Trans Theoretical Model (TTM) was the most widespread model in Iran (PENDER in 3 studies, BASNEF in 2, and the Theory of Planned Behavior in 2 studies). With regards to the educational methods, almost all studies used a combination of methods. The most widely used Integrative educational method was group discussion. Only one integrated study was done. Behavior maintenance was not addressed in 75% of the studies. Almost all studies used self-reporting instruments. The effectiveness of educational methods was assessed in none of the studies. Most of the included studies had several methodological weaknesses, which hinder the validity and applicability of their results. According to the findings, the necessity of need assessment in using models, epidemiology and methodology consultation, addressing maintenance of physical activity, using other theories and models such as social marketing and social-cognitive theory, and other educational methods like empirical and complementary are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Abdi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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